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{{Short description|Market town in West Sussex, England}}
''For imformation about the county in the [[U.S.]] state of [[Maryland]], please see [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland]]. For information about the [[mall]] in [[Hanover, Maryland]], please see [[Arundel Mills]].''
{{about|the town in England|}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name = Arundel
| country = England
| civil_parish = Arundel<ref>{{cite web |title=Arundel Town Council Website |url=https://www.arundeltowncouncil.gov.uk/ |website=Arundel Town Council |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref>
| region = South East England
| static_image_name = Arundel wikipedia.jpg
| static_image_caption = Town overlooked by [[Arundel Castle|castle]]
| area_footnotes = <ref name="WSCC2001">{{Cite web|url=http://www.westsussex.gov.uk/communityandliving/census2001/pop_parish_summary.pdf |title=2001 Census: West Sussex – Population by Parish |publisher=West Sussex County Council |access-date=26 March 2009 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608075926/http://www.westsussex.gov.uk/communityandliving/census2001/pop_parish_summary.pdf |archive-date=8 June 2011 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 12.13
| population = 3475
| population_ref = (civil parish, 2011)<ref name=ons>[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030211201309/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/ |date=11 February 2003 }} [[2011 United Kingdom census]] ''[[Office for National Statistics]]'' Retrieved 21 November 2013</ref>
| os_grid_reference = TQ018070
| coordinates = {{coord|50.85439|-0.5539|display=inline,title}}
| post_town = ARUNDEL
| postcode_area = BN
| postcode_district = BN18
| dial_code = 01903
| constituency_westminster = [[Arundel and South Downs (UK Parliament constituency)|Arundel and South Downs]]
| london_distance = {{convert|49|mi}} [[Boxing the compass|NNE]]
| shire_district = [[Arun District|Arun]]
| shire_county = [[West Sussex]]
}}


'''Arundel''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ær|ə|n|d|əl}} {{Respell|ARR|ən|dəl}} {{Small|or}} {{IPAc-en|local|ˈ|ɑː|n|d|əl}} {{Respell|AHN|dəl}}) is a [[market town]] and [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in the [[Arun District]] of the [[South Downs]], [[West Sussex]], England.
{{GBmap|Arundel - West Sussex|TQ0107}}

'''Arundel''' is a town in the [[South Downs]] of [[West Sussex]] in the south of [[England]]. It is named after the [[River Arun]], which passes through the western side of the town. The name is pronounced "A-run-dul" (emphasis on the first syllable), unlike the county of [[Anne Arundel County|Anne Arundel]] in Maryland, United States, in which Arundel is pronounced "a-RUN-dul" (emphasis on the second syllable).
The much-conserved town has a [[Arundel Castle|medieval castle]] and [[Arundel Cathedral|Roman Catholic cathedral]]. Arundel has a museum and comes second behind much larger [[Chichester]] in its number of [[listed building]]s in West Sussex. The [[River Arun]] runs through the eastern side of the town.

Arundel was one of the boroughs reformed by the [[Municipal Reform Act 1835]]. From 1836 to 1889 the town had its own Borough police force with a strength of three.<ref>Neville Poulsom, Mike Rumble and Keith Smith ''Sussex Police forces; a pictorial history from 1836 to 1986'' (Middleton Press) (1987) {{ISBN|0 906520 436}}</ref> In [[Local Government Act 1972|1974]] it became part of the [[Arun District|Arun district]], and is now a civil parish with a town council.

==Name==
[[File:Arundel 2012 035.jpg|thumb|left|Arundel's old marketplace]]

The name comes from the [[Old English]] ''Hārhūnedell'', meaning "valley of [[Marrubium vulgare|horehound]]", and was first recorded in the [[Domesday Book]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Open Domesday: Arundel|url=https://opendomesday.org/place/TQ0107/arundel/|access-date=19 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Hanks, Patrick|author2=Hodges, Flavia|author3=Mills, A. D.|author4=Room, Adrian|title=The Oxford Names Companion|date=2002|location=Oxford|publisher=the University Press|isbn=0198605617|page=1011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Sussex/Arundel|title=Key to English Place-names|website=kepn.nottingham.ac.uk|access-date=18 July 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629031247/http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Sussex/Arundel|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Folk etymology]], however, connects the name with the Old French word ''arondelle'', meaning "swallow", and swallows appear on the town's arms.

==Governance==
[[File:Arundel Town Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1303583.jpg|thumb|left|[[Arundel Town Hall]]]]
An [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]] of the same name exists. This ward stretches north to [[Houghton, West Sussex|Houghton]] with a total population at the 2011 census of 4,298.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/arundel-e05007579#sthash.TkrbB1sp.dpbs|title=Ward population 2011|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061213/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/arundel-e05007579#sthash.TkrbB1sp.dpbs|url-status=live}}</ref> Arundel Town Council is based at [[Arundel Town Hall]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arundeltowncouncil.gov.uk/|title=WElcome|publisher=Arundel Town Council|access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Arundel 2012 031.jpg|thumb|left|Arundel's old town main street]]


Arundel civil parish occupies an area somewhat larger than its built-up clusters, with the old town towards the north and the new to the south, separated by a main road.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=800372&c=Arundel&d=16&e=15&g=495075&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1207425674189&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779 |title=Parish Headcounts, Area: Arundel CP |year=2001 |access-date=5 April 2008 |work=Neighbourhood Statistics |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612132442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=800372&c=Arundel&d=16&e=15&g=495075&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1207425674189&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779 |archive-date=12 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Arundel is located at {{coor dms|50|51|00|N|00|34|00|W|}} (50.8500,
-0.5667)[[World_gazetteer|<sup>1</sup>]].


[[Image:Arundel, West Sussex - River Arun.jpg|thumb|right|The River Arun at Arundel.]]
==Miscellaneous==


Arundel town is a major bridging point over the River Arun as it was the lowest road bridge until the opening of the [[Littlehampton]] swing bridge in 1908. [[Arundel Castle]] was built by the [[Normans]] to protect that vulnerable fairly wooded plain to the north of the valley through the South Downs. The town later grew up on the slope below the castle to the south.<ref>Arundel Castle, Schedule Ancient Monument and Grade I listed building {{National Heritage List for England|num=1012500|access-date=5 May 2014}}</ref> The river was previously called the Tarrant and was renamed after the town by [[antiquarians]] in a [[back-formation]].
On July 6, [[2004]], Arundel was granted [[Fairtrade Town]] status.

Arundel includes meadows to the south but is clustered north of the [[A27 road]], which narrowly avoids the town centre by a short and congested [[single carriageway]] [[bypass route|bypass]]. Plans for a more extensive, [[High-quality dual carriageway|HQDC]] bypass were debated intensely between 1980 and 2010 and a junction was built for it at Crossbush. In Spring 2018, [[Highways England]] published their preferred route for the new bypass.<ref name="a27arundelbypass">{{Cite web|url=https://highwaysengland.citizenspace.com/he/a27-arundel-bypass/results/a27arundelbypassprabrochure-webversion-final-100518.pdf|publisher=Highways England|title=A27 Arundel Bypass Preferred route announcement|access-date=16 July 2018|archive-date=17 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717013109/https://highwaysengland.citizenspace.com/he/a27-arundel-bypass/results/a27arundelbypassprabrochure-webversion-final-100518.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> During 2018-19 there is a further period of consultation when views on a more detailed design for the {{convert|4|mi|km|0|abbr=off|adj=on|spell=on}} dual carriageway will be sought.

[[Arundel railway station]] is on the [[Arun Valley Line]]. The [[Monarch's Way]] long-distance footpath passes through the town and crosses the river here, while just under {{convert|5|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} north and northwest of the town the route of the [[South Downs Way]] runs.

The town itself lies outside the boundaries of the [[South Downs National Park]].

==Society==
[[File:Arundal cathedral from the S.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Arundel cathedral from the South]]
Arundel is home to [[Arundel Castle]], seat of the [[Duke of Norfolk]]; and to [[Arundel Cathedral]], seat of the (Catholic) [[Bishop of Arundel and Brighton]].

On 6 July 2004, Arundel was granted [[Fairtrade Town]] status.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/get_involved/campaigns/fairtrade_towns/default.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307015351/http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/get_involved/campaigns/fairtrade_towns/default.aspx|url-status=dead|title=Fairtrade town status|archivedate=7 March 2008}}</ref>

People born in Arundel are known locally as Mullets, due to the presence of [[Mullet (fish)|mullet]] in the River Arun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.westsussex.gov.uk/ccm/content/your-council/news-room/facts-about-west-sussex.en?page=2 |title=Facts about West Sussex |date=23 October 2006 |publisher=West Sussex County Council |access-date=28 March 2009 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608154344/http://www.westsussex.gov.uk/ccm/content/your-council/news-room/facts-about-west-sussex.en?page=2 |archive-date=8 June 2009 }}</ref>

Arundel is home to one of the oldest Scout Groups in the world. 1st Arundel (Earl of Arundel's Own) Scout Group was formed in 1908 only a few weeks after [[Scouting]] began.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arundelscouts.org.uk/magazine/1st%20Arundel%20Scout%20Group%20-%20Forward%20Once%20More%20-%20Jan08.pdf |title=Forward! Once more... |date=January 2008 |work=Newsletter Issue 1 |publisher=Arundel Scout Group |page=1 |access-date=16 March 2009 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309051251/http://www.arundelscouts.org.uk/magazine/1st%20Arundel%20Scout%20Group%20-%20Forward%20Once%20More%20-%20Jan08.pdf |archive-date=9 March 2012 }}</ref> Based in an HQ in Green Lane Close, it has active sections of [[Beaver Scouts (The Scout Association)|Beaver Scouts]], [[Cub Scouts]] and Scouts.
{{clearleft}}

==Sport and leisure==

Arundel has a [[non-League football]] club [[Arundel F.C.]] which plays at Mill Road.

The town also has [[Arundel Castle Cricket Ground|its own cricket ground]] at the castle, often cited as being one of the country's most picturesque.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/england/content/ground/56747.html |title=Cricinfoengland |access-date=16 March 2008 |archive-date=25 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725190542/http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/england/content/ground/56747.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It hosts [[Sussex County Cricket Club]] for a number of games each season.

==Notable people==
[[File:The Church of St Nicholas at Arundel, West Sussex - geograph.org.uk - 1650633.jpg|thumb|The church of St Nicholas]]
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
*[[Christopher Alexander]], architect.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.patternlanguage.com/bios/whoswho.htm|title=Professor Christopher Alexander|publisher=International Who's Who|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>
*[[Mary Cuningham Chater|Mary Chater]], composer, Music Advisor to the Girl Guides and Justice of the Peace for Arundel from 1945 to 1961.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 September 1955 |newspaper=Littlehampton Gazette |title=Bird flew in the face of the law |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001927/19550923/022/0002 |location= Littlehampton, U.K. |page=2 |access-date=21 September 2021 |quote=Miss Mary Chater, a magistrate, drew the chairman's attention to the blue-tit}}</ref>
*[[Nigel Cumberland]], author.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.arun.gov.uk/aplanning/OcellaWeb/planningDetails?reference=AB/132/20/HH|title=Planning Application|publisher=Arundel Town Council| access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>
*[[Derek Davis (artist)|Derek Davis]], [[Pottery|potter]] and [[Painting|painter]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/derek-davis-eclectic-painter-and-potter-928814.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120032710/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/derek-davis-eclectic-painter-and-potter-928814.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 November 2010|title=Derek Davis: Eclectic painter and potter|last=Cooper|first=Emmanuel|date=13 September 2008|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=13 September 2008}}</ref>
*[[Judy Geeson]], actress.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classicmoviehub.com/bio/judy-geeson/|title=Judy Geeson|publisher=Classic Movie Hub|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>
*[[Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel|St Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel]], part of the court of Queen [[Elizabeth I]] and a martyr for the Catholic faith.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07503a.htm Pollen, John Hungerford. "Ven. Philip Howard." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 4 Apr. 2013]</ref>
*[[Amelia Frances Howard-Gibbon]], teacher and artist, was born in nearby [[Littlehampton]] and lived in Arundel as a child.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAM_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|title=Picturing Canada: A History of Canadian Children's Illustrated Books and Publishing|first1= Gail |last1=Edwards|first2= Judith |last2=Saltman|year=2014|page=22|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1442622821}}</ref>
*[[C. E. M. Joad]], [[Philosopher]] and [[Radio presenter|broadcaster]], wrote many books at South Stoke Farm near Arundel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/news/opinion/letters/memories-of-prof-cem-joad-2354856|title=Memories of Prof CEM Joad|date=4 February 2013|publisher=Sussex World|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>
*[[George MacDonald]], pastor of [[Trinity Congregational Church, Arundel|Trinity Congregational Church]], 1850.<ref>{{cite web |title=George MacDonald |url=https://www.wheaton.edu/academics/academic-centers/wadecenter/authors/george-macdonald/ |website=Wheaton College |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref>
*[[Liam Treadwell]], jockey.<ref>{{cite news|title=Grand National winner Liam Treadwell offered chance to fix teeth for free|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/horseracing/5203611/Grand-National-winner-Liam-Treadwell-offered-chance-to-fix-teeth-for-free.html|work=The Telegraph|date=23 April 2009|access-date=6 August 2018|archive-date=26 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426235045/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/horseracing/5203611/Grand-National-winner-Liam-Treadwell-offered-chance-to-fix-teeth-for-free.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Amberley Working Museum]]
*[[An Arundel Tomb]], a poem by [[Philip Larkin]]
*[[Arundel Museum]]
*[[Earl of Arundel|Earls of Arundel]]
*[[Earl of Arundel|Earls of Arundel]]
** [[Roger de Montgomery]] (died 1094), also known as Roger the Great de Montgomery
*[[Arundel Castle]]
*[[Arundel Cathedral]]
*[[Fitzalan Chapel]]
*[[List of places of worship in Arun]]
*[[Amberley Working Museum]]
*[[Portsmouth and Arundel Canal]]
*[[WWT Arundel]] ([[Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust]] reserve)
*[[South Marsh Mill, Arundel]]
*[[Arun Valley Line]] (main railway line to London)
*[[Sussex in the High Middle Ages]]
*[[Arundel and South Downs (UK Parliament constituency)]]
*[[Tortington]]
*[[WWT Arundel]]


==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
[[Category:Towns in West Sussex]]
*[http://www.arundeltowncouncil.gov.uk/ Town Council]
*{{OpenDomesday|TQ0107|arundel|Arundel}}


{{Sister bar|auto=y|Arundel (England)}}
[[nl:Arundel]]
{{West Sussex}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Arundel| ]]
[[Category:Market towns in West Sussex]]
[[Category:Arun District]]
[[Category:Towns with cathedrals in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Towns in West Sussex]]

Latest revision as of 12:51, 7 October 2024

This article is about the town in England. For other uses, see Arundel (disambiguation).

Arundel
Town overlooked by castle
Arundel is located in West Sussex
Arundel
Arundel
Location within West Sussex
Area12.13 km2 (4.68 sq mi) [1]
Population3,475 (civil parish, 2011)[2]
• Density286/km2 (740/sq mi)
OS grid referenceTQ018070
• London49 miles (79 km) NNE
Civil parish
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townARUNDEL
Postcode districtBN18
Dialling code01903
PoliceSussex
FireWest Sussex
AmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
West Sussex
50°51′16″N 0°33′14″W / 50.85439°N 0.5539°W / 50.85439; -0.5539

Arundel (/ˈærəndəl/ ARR-ən-dəl or locally /ˈɑːndəl/ AHN-dəl) is a market town and civil parish in the Arun District of the South Downs, West Sussex, England.

The much-conserved town has a medieval castle and Roman Catholic cathedral. Arundel has a museum and comes second behind much larger Chichester in its number of listed buildings in West Sussex. The River Arun runs through the eastern side of the town.

Arundel was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Reform Act 1835. From 1836 to 1889 the town had its own Borough police force with a strength of three.[4] In 1974 it became part of the Arun district, and is now a civil parish with a town council.

Name

[edit]
Arundel's old marketplace

The name comes from the Old English Hārhūnedell, meaning "valley of horehound", and was first recorded in the Domesday Book.[5][6][7] Folk etymology, however, connects the name with the Old French word arondelle, meaning "swallow", and swallows appear on the town's arms.

Governance

[edit]
Arundel Town Hall

An electoral ward of the same name exists. This ward stretches north to Houghton with a total population at the 2011 census of 4,298.[8] Arundel Town Council is based at Arundel Town Hall.[9]

Geography

[edit]
Arundel's old town main street

Arundel civil parish occupies an area somewhat larger than its built-up clusters, with the old town towards the north and the new to the south, separated by a main road.[10]

The River Arun at Arundel.

Arundel town is a major bridging point over the River Arun as it was the lowest road bridge until the opening of the Littlehampton swing bridge in 1908. Arundel Castle was built by the Normans to protect that vulnerable fairly wooded plain to the north of the valley through the South Downs. The town later grew up on the slope below the castle to the south.[11] The river was previously called the Tarrant and was renamed after the town by antiquarians in a back-formation.

Arundel includes meadows to the south but is clustered north of the A27 road, which narrowly avoids the town centre by a short and congested single carriageway bypass. Plans for a more extensive, HQDC bypass were debated intensely between 1980 and 2010 and a junction was built for it at Crossbush. In Spring 2018, Highways England published their preferred route for the new bypass.[12] During 2018-19 there is a further period of consultation when views on a more detailed design for the four-mile (six-kilometre) dual carriageway will be sought.

Arundel railway station is on the Arun Valley Line. The Monarch's Way long-distance footpath passes through the town and crosses the river here, while just under five miles (eight kilometres) north and northwest of the town the route of the South Downs Way runs.

The town itself lies outside the boundaries of the South Downs National Park.

Society

[edit]
Arundel cathedral from the South

Arundel is home to Arundel Castle, seat of the Duke of Norfolk; and to Arundel Cathedral, seat of the (Catholic) Bishop of Arundel and Brighton.

On 6 July 2004, Arundel was granted Fairtrade Town status.[13]

People born in Arundel are known locally as Mullets, due to the presence of mullet in the River Arun.[14]

Arundel is home to one of the oldest Scout Groups in the world. 1st Arundel (Earl of Arundel's Own) Scout Group was formed in 1908 only a few weeks after Scouting began.[15] Based in an HQ in Green Lane Close, it has active sections of Beaver Scouts, Cub Scouts and Scouts.

Sport and leisure

[edit]

Arundel has a non-League football club Arundel F.C. which plays at Mill Road.

The town also has its own cricket ground at the castle, often cited as being one of the country's most picturesque.[16] It hosts Sussex County Cricket Club for a number of games each season.

Notable people

[edit]
The church of St Nicholas

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "2001 Census: West Sussex – Population by Parish" (PDF). West Sussex County Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  2. ^ Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density Archived 11 February 2003 at the Wayback Machine 2011 United Kingdom census Office for National Statistics Retrieved 21 November 2013
  3. ^ "Arundel Town Council Website". Arundel Town Council. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  4. ^ Neville Poulsom, Mike Rumble and Keith Smith Sussex Police forces; a pictorial history from 1836 to 1986 (Middleton Press) (1987) ISBN 0 906520 436
  5. ^ "Open Domesday: Arundel". Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  6. ^ Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia; Mills, A. D.; Room, Adrian (2002). The Oxford Names Companion. Oxford: the University Press. p. 1011. ISBN 0198605617.
  7. ^ "Key to English Place-names". kepn.nottingham.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  8. ^ "Ward population 2011". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  9. ^ "WElcome". Arundel Town Council. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  10. ^ "Parish Headcounts, Area: Arundel CP". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 2001. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
  11. ^ Arundel Castle, Schedule Ancient Monument and Grade I listed building Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1012500)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  12. ^ "A27 Arundel Bypass Preferred route announcement" (PDF). Highways England. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  13. ^ "Fairtrade town status". Archived from the original on 7 March 2008.
  14. ^ "Facts about West Sussex". West Sussex County Council. 23 October 2006. Archived from the original on 8 June 2009. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
  15. ^ "Forward! Once more..." (PDF). Newsletter Issue 1. Arundel Scout Group. January 2008. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
  16. ^ "Cricinfoengland". Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
  17. ^ "Professor Christopher Alexander". International Who's Who. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  18. ^ "Bird flew in the face of the law". Littlehampton Gazette. Littlehampton, U.K. 23 September 1955. p. 2. Retrieved 21 September 2021. Miss Mary Chater, a magistrate, drew the chairman's attention to the blue-tit
  19. ^ "Planning Application". Arundel Town Council. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  20. ^ Cooper, Emmanuel (13 September 2008). "Derek Davis: Eclectic painter and potter". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 November 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2008.
  21. ^ "Judy Geeson". Classic Movie Hub. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  22. ^ Pollen, John Hungerford. "Ven. Philip Howard." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 4 Apr. 2013
  23. ^ Edwards, Gail; Saltman, Judith (2014). Picturing Canada: A History of Canadian Children's Illustrated Books and Publishing. University of Toronto Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-1442622821.
  24. ^ "Memories of Prof CEM Joad". Sussex World. 4 February 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  25. ^ "George MacDonald". Wheaton College. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  26. ^ "Grand National winner Liam Treadwell offered chance to fix teeth for free". The Telegraph. 23 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
[edit]
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