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{{short description|American speed skater}}
{{Infobox Speed Skater
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}}
| name = Eric Arthur Heiden
{{Infobox speed skater
| image =
| caption =
| name = Eric Heiden
|country = {{USA}}
| image = Eric Heiden2.jpg
| caption = Heiden in March 2007
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|6|14}}
| headercolor = #d7ecff
|birth_place = [[Madison, Wisconsin]]
|death_date =
| birth_name = Eric Arthur Heiden
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|6|14}}
|death_place =
| birth_place = [[Madison, Wisconsin]], U.S.
|height = {{height|m=1.84}}
| death_date =
|weight = {{convert|86|kg|lb st|abbr=on}}
|pb =
| death_place =
| education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]], [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]])
|website =
| height = 6 ft 0+1/2 in<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/he/eric-heiden-1.html |title=Eric Heiden |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061752/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/he/eric-heiden-1.html |archive-date=January 7, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|titles=no
| weight = 185 lb<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|worldcup =
| country = USA
| sport = [[Speed skating]]
| pb = 500&nbsp;m: 37.63 (1980)<br />1000&nbsp;m: 1:13.60&nbsp;(1980)<br />1500&nbsp;m: 1:54.79&nbsp;(1980)<br />3000&nbsp;m: 4:06.47&nbsp;(1980)<br />5000&nbsp;m: 6:59.15&nbsp;(1979)<br />10 000&nbsp;m: 14:28.13&nbsp;(1980)
| website =
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Sport|Men's [[speed skating]]}}
{{Medal|Country|the {{USA}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Speed skating at the Winter Olympics|Olympic Games]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]]|[[Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|500 m]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]]|[[Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|1000 m]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]]|[[Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|1500 m]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]]|[[Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|5000 m]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]]|[[Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|10000 m]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[World Allround Speed Skating Championships|World Allround Championships]] }}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1977 World Championships in Speed Skating|1977 Heerenveen]]|[[World Allround Speed Skating Championships for Men|Allround]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1978 World Championships in Speed Skating|1978 Gothenburg]]|Allround}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1979 World Championships in Speed Skating|1979 Oslo]]|Allround}}
{{Medal|Silver |[[1980 World Championships in Speed Skating|1980 Heerenveen]]|Allround}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[World Sprint Speed Skating Championships|World Sprint Championships]] }}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1977 World Championships in Speed Skating|1977 Alkmaar]]|[[World Sprint Speed Skating Championships for Men|Sprint]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1978 World Championships in Speed Skating|1978 Lake Placid]]|Sprint}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1979 World Championships in Speed Skating|1979 Inzell]]|Sprint}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1980 World Championships in Speed Skating|1980 Milwaukee]]|Sprint}}
}}
}}
{{MedalTableTop}}
{{MedalSport |Men's [[speed skating]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]]|[[Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|500 m]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]]|[[Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|1000 m]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]]|[[Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|1500 m]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]]|[[Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|5000 m]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1980 Winter Olympics|1980 Lake Placid]]|[[Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|10000 m]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|World Championships}}
{{MedalGold|[[1977 World Championships in Speed Skating|1977 Heerenveen]]|Allround}}
{{MedalGold|[[1978 World Championships in Speed Skating|1978 Gothenburg]]|Allround}}
{{MedalGold|[[1979 World Championships in Speed Skating|1979 Oslo]]|Allround}}
{{MedalGold|[[1977 World Championships in Speed Skating|1977 Alkmaar]]|Sprint}}
{{MedalGold|[[1978 World Championships in Speed Skating|1978 Lake Placid]]|Sprint}}
{{MedalGold|[[1979 World Championships in Speed Skating|1979 Inzell]]|Sprint}}
{{MedalGold|[[1980 World Championships in Speed Skating|1980 Milwaukee]]|Sprint}}
{{MedalSilver |[[1980 World Championships in Speed Skating|1980 Heerenveen]]|Allround}}
{{MedalBottom}}
'''Eric Arthur Heiden''' (born [[June 14]] [[1958]]) is an American former [[speed skating|long track speed skater]] who won all the men's speed skating races, and thus an unprecedented five individual gold medals, and set four Olympic records and one world record at the [[1980 Winter Olympic Games]] in [[Lake Placid, New York]], [[United States]]. He also took the [[Olympic Oath|Athlete's Oath]] at those same games. He was born in [[Madison, Wisconsin]].


'''Eric Arthur Heiden''' (born June 14, 1958) is an American physician and a former [[long track speed skating|long track speed skater]], road cyclist and track cyclist. He won an [[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games#List of most individual gold medals won at a single Olympic Games|unprecedented]] five individual gold medals, and set four Olympic records and one world record at the [[1980 Winter Olympic Games]]. Heiden was the most successful athlete at those Olympic Games, single-handedly winning more gold medals than all nations except for the [[Soviet Union]] (10) and [[East Germany]] (9).<ref>{{cite book |last=Aquitania |first=Ray E. |year=2010 |title=Jock-Docs: World-Class Athletes Wearing White Coats |publisher=Booklocker.com, Incorporated |isbn=9781609106126}}</ref> He is the most successful Winter Olympian from a single edition of any Winter Olympics. He delivered the [[Olympic Oath|Athlete's Oath]] at those same 1980 Games. His coach was [[Dianne Holum]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.teamusa.org/us-speedskating/athletes/Eric-Heiden |title=Eric Heiden |work=Team USA |access-date=2018-02-12 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080227/https://www.teamusa.org/us-speedskating/athletes/Eric-Heiden |archive-date=February 13, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Heiden is an icon in the speedskating community and, in particular, in Europe where the sport is highly regarded. His victories are significant as few speed skaters (and athletes in general) have won competitions in both sprint and long-distance events. He is considered by some to be the best overall speedskater (short and long distances) in the sport's history. Heiden ranked #46 in ''[[ESPN]]'s SportsCentury 50 Greatest Athletes of the 20th Century'' in 1999, the only speed skater to make the list.


Heiden is an icon in the speed skating community. His victories are significant, as few speed skaters (and athletes in general) have won competitions in both sprint and long-distance events. Heiden is the only athlete in the history of speed skating to have won all five events in a single Olympic tournament and the only one to have won a [[List of Olympic medalists in speed skating|gold medal in all events]]. He is considered by some to be the best overall speed skater (short and long distances) in the sport's history. Heiden ranked No. 46 in ''[[ESPN]]'s [[SportsCentury]] 50 Greatest Athletes of the 20th Century'' in 1999, the only speed skater to make the list. In 2000, a Dutch newspaper called him the greatest skater ever.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.trouw.nl/krantenarchief/2000/02/04/2429057/Vrouwen_snellen_Heiden_nu_voorbij.html |title=Vrouwen snellen Heiden nu voorbij |last=Woldendorp |first=Johan |date=February 4, 2000 |work=[[Trouw]] |language=nl |access-date=February 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902101333/http://www.trouw.nl/krantenarchief/2000/02/04/2429057/Vrouwen_snellen_Heiden_nu_voorbij.html |archive-date=September 2, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
== Skating career ==
During his short speed skating career, Heiden won 3 [[World Allround Speed Skating Championships|World Allround Championships]] and 4 [[World Sprint Speed Skating Championships|World Sprint Championships]].


==Early life, education and family==
Three times, Heiden broke the [[List of Speed Skating records|world record]] in the 1,000&nbsp;metres, twice in the 3,000&nbsp;metres, and once each in the 1,500&nbsp;metres and 10,000&nbsp;metres. He also broke the points world record in both allround and the sprinting distances.
Heiden was born in [[Madison, Wisconsin]] on June 14, 1958. His father, Jack Heiden, was a longtime orthopedic surgeon in Madison. His sister, [[Beth Heiden]], also became an accomplished cyclist, speed skater and cross-country skier. In their hometown [[Shorewood Hills, Wisconsin]] (a suburb of Madison), Eric and his sister Beth were the driving forces behind the creation of the Heiden Haus, a small outpost where local children can warm up after skating or playing hockey on the [[ice rink]] (complete with underground clay platform).<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTyZDAAAQBAJ&q=%22heiden+haus%22+shorewood&pg=PT127 |title=Going for Wisconsin Gold: Stories of Our State Olympians |last=Garcia |first=Jessie |date=2016-06-30 |publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society |isbn=9780870207662 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.shorewood-hills.org/index.asp?SEC=9167A934-66D5-43AC-BE54-E34B625D271D&Type=B_BASIC |title=Village Heritage |access-date=2018-02-14 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073626/http://www.shorewood-hills.org/index.asp?SEC=9167A934-66D5-43AC-BE54-E34B625D271D&Type=B_BASIC |archive-date=February 14, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> He graduated from [[Madison West High School]] in 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://captimes.com/news/local/writers/mike_ivey/hometown-hero-eric-heiden-still-makes-his-olympic-presence-felt/article_4f9e2ee6-2f4b-57e8-b6ee-9431ea787308.html|title=Hometown hero Eric Heiden still makes his Olympic presence felt|first=Mike |last=Ivey |date=February 19, 2014|website=The Capital Times}}</ref>


After starting his undergraduate education at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], Heiden transferred to the [[University of California, San Diego]] and then to [[Stanford University]] in [[California]],<ref>{{cite news| periodical=Syracuse Herald-Journal| title=Heiden nixed dash for cash|first=Jim|last=Kosciolek|page=C-1|date=July 22, 1981}}</ref> earning a [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] degree in 1984 and an [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] degree in 1991.<ref>[https://usopm.org/eric-heiden-five-olympic-gold-medals-were-only-the-start-of-his-success/ Eric Heiden: five Olympic gold medals were only the start of his success] - website of the [[United States Olympic & Paralympic Museum]]</ref><ref>[https://heidenortho.com/doctors/eric-heiden/ Eric Heiden, M.D.: Orthopedic Knee and Shoulder Surgeon] - website of Heiden Orthopedics</ref>
Heiden finished his speed skating career by finishing second behind [[Hilbert van der Duim]] at the 1980 [[World Allround Speed Skating Championships|World Allround Championships]] in [[Heerenveen]]. Heiden stood at the top place of the [[Adelskalender]] for an impressive time period of 1,495&nbsp;days, and won the [[Oscar Mathisen Award]] four times in a row from 1977 until 1980. As of 2006, he still is the only skater who has won the award four times.
He received the 1980 [[James E. Sullivan Award]] as the top amateur athlete in the United States. In 1983, he was inducted into the [[United States Olympic Hall of Fame]].


== World records ==
== Athletic career ==
===Speed skating===
Heiden won the [[World Junior Speed Skating Championships]] in 1977 and 1978. During his short speed skating career, Heiden won three [[World Allround Speed Skating Championships|World Allround Championships]] and four [[World Sprint Speed Skating Championships|World Sprint Championships]], becoming the youngest athlete to do so. Three times he broke the [[List of world records in speed skating|world record]] in the 1000&nbsp;metres, twice in the 3000&nbsp;metres, and once each in the 1500&nbsp;metres and 10000&nbsp;metres. He also broke the points world record in both allround and the sprinting distances.

Heiden finished his speed skating career by finishing second behind [[Hilbert van der Duim]] at the 1980 [[World Allround Speed Skating Championships|World Allround Championships]] in [[Heerenveen]]. He stood at the top of the Adelskalender, a ranking system for long-track speed skating, for a record 1,495 days,<ref name="ReferenceA" /> and he won the [[Oscar Mathisen Award]] four times in a row from 1977 until 1980. As of {{currentyear}}, he still is the only skater who has won the award four times.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

He received the 1980 [[James E. Sullivan Award]] as the top amateur athlete in the United States. In 1983, he was inducted into the [[United States Olympic Hall of Fame]].

Heiden was elected to the [[Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame]] in 1990.

==== World records ====
[[File:Eric Heiden 1977c.jpg|thumb|Heiden in 1977]]
[[File:Eric Heiden 1977b.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Heiden in 1977]]
[[File:Eric Heiden and Beth Heiden 1977.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Eric and Beth Heiden in 1977 in [[Alkmaar]], the Netherlands]]
[[File:Eric Heiden 1980c.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Heiden in 1980]]
Over the course of Heiden's career he skated 15 [[world record]]s:
Over the course of Heiden's career he skated 15 [[world record]]s:


{| class="wikitable"
* 1500-m junior, 2:02.75 ([[18 January]] [[1976]], Madonna di Campiglio; beaten by Heiden)
|-
* 5000-m junior, 7:30.23 ([[20 February]] [[1977]], Inzell; beaten by Heiden)
!Discipline!!Time!!Date!!Location
* 1500-m junior, 1:59.46 ([[20 February]] [[1977]]; beaten by [[Aleksandr Klimov]] [[24 March]] [[1983]])
|-
* Allround junior, 168.716 (19-20 February 1977, Inzell; beaten by Heiden)
| 1500 m junior||'''2.02,75'''||January 18, 1976||align=left| Madonna di Campiglio
* 3000-m junior, 4:16.2 ([[4 February]] [[1977]], Montreal; beaten by [[Tomas Gustafson]] [[26 January]] [[1980]])
|-
* Allround junior, 166.584 (4-5 February 1977, Montreal; beaten by [[Aleksand Klimov]] [[24 March]] [[1983]])
* 5000-m junior, 7:23.54 ([[5 February]] [[1978]], Montreal; beaten by [[Tomas Gustafson]] [[27 January]] [[1980]])
| 5000 m junior||'''7.30,23'''||February 20, 1977||align=left| Inzell
|-
* 3000-m, 4:07.00 ([[2 March]] [[1978]], Inzell; beaten by Heiden)
| 1500 m junior||'''1.59,46'''||February 20, 1977||align=left| Inzell
* 1000-m, 1:14.99 ([[12 March]] [[1978]], Savalen; beaten by Heiden)
|-
* 1000-m, 1:13.60 ([[13 January]] [[1980]], Davos; beaten by [[Gaetan Boucher]], [[31 January]] [[1981]])
| Allround junior||'''168.716'''||February 19–20, 1977||align=left| Inzell
* Allround, 162.973 (10-11 February 1980, Bislett, Oslo; beaten by [[Viktor Shasherin]], 25-26 March 1983)
|-
* 3000-m, 4:06.91 ([[18 March]] [[1979]], Savalen; beaten by [[Dmitri Ogloblin]] [[28 March]] [[1979]])
| 3000 m junior||'''4.16,2'''||February 4, 1977||align=left| Montreal
* Sprint, 150.250 (12-13 January 1980, Davos; beaten by [[Gaetan Boucher]] 30-31 January 1980)
|-
* 1500-m, 1:54.79 ([[19 January]] [[1980]], Davos; beaten by [[Igor Zhelezovski]] [[26 March]] [[1983]])
| Allround junior||'''166.584'''||February 4–5, 1977||align=left| Montreal
* 10,000-m, 14:28.13 ([[23 February]] [[1980]], Lake Placid; beaten by [[Dmitri Ogloblin]] [[29 March]] [[1980]])
|-
| 5000 m junior||'''7.23,54'''||February 5, 1978||align=left| Montreal
|-
|[[World record progression 3000 m speed skating men|3000 m]]||'''4.07,01'''||March 2, 1978||align=left| [[Eisstadion Inzell|Inzell]]
|-
|[[World record progression 1000 m speed skating men|1000 m]]||'''1.14,99'''||March 12, 1978||align=left| [[Savalen]]
|-
|[[Samalog|Big combination]]||'''162.973'''||February 11, 1979||align=left| [[Bislett Stadium|Oslo]]
|-
|1000 m||'''1.14,99'''||February 17, 1979||align=left| Inzell
|-
|3000 m||'''4.06,91'''||March 18, 1979||align=left| Savalen
|-
|1000 m||'''1.13,60'''||January 13, 1980||align=left| [[Vaillant Arena|Davos]]
|-
|[[Samalog|Sprint combination]]||'''150.250'''||January 13, 1980||align=left| Davos
|-
|[[World record progression 1500 m speed skating men|1500 m]]||'''1.54,79'''||January 19, 1980||align=left| Davos
|-
|[[World record progression 10000 m speed skating men|10000 m]]||'''14.28,13'''||February 23, 1980||align=left| [[James B. Sheffield Olympic Skating Rink|Lake Placid]]
|}


<ref name=SSStats>{{cite web |title=Eric Heiden |url=http://www.speedskatingstats.com/index.php?file=skater&code=1958061401 |publisher=SpeedSkatingStats.com |access-date=August 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517231944/http://speedskatingstats.com/index.php?file=skater&code=1958061401 |archive-date=May 17, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
== Road bicycle racing ==
After his speed-skating career, Heiden became a professional [[racing cyclist]]. He was one of the first cross-over athletes, becoming a founding member of the [[7-Eleven Cycling Team]]. Together with his former speed skating coach (and ex-bike racer), Jim Ochowicz, he conceived of the idea of a European-style sponsored team for North American riders.[http://www.velonews.com/news/fea/9452.0.html] Heiden won a few American professional races and took part in the [[1986 Tour de France]], although he did not complete the race as he fell five days from the finish.


===Cycling===
Heiden is believed to hold the unofficial record on one of the local benchmark climbs in [[Woodside, California]]: Old la Honda Rd. In 1985, Heiden won the first [[USPRO_National_Championships#Winners|US Professional Cycling Championship]] and thus became the American road race champion.
After his speed-skating career Heiden became a professional cyclist.

====Track cycling====
As a track cyclist Heiden competed at the [[1981 UCI Track Cycling World Championships]] in [[Brno]], but was not successful. He finished 19th and last in the men's individual pursuit event.

==== Road bicycle racing ====
Heiden became a professional [[racing cyclist]]. He was one of the first cross-over athletes, becoming a founding member of the [[7-Eleven Cycling Team]]. Together with his former speed skating coach (and ex-bike racer), [[Jim Ochowicz]], he conceived of the idea of a European-style sponsored team for North American riders<ref>http://www.velonews.com.506 {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> Heiden won a few American professional races. He finished the 1985 Giro d'Italia and took part in the [[1986 Tour de France]], although he did not complete the race, crashing on a downhill stretch and suffering a concussion five days from the finish.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Heiden is believed to have recorded one of the fastest times at 14:10 (1986 or 1987) on one of the local benchmark climbs in [[Woodside, California]]: Old La Honda Road.<ref>[http://www.bikeradar.com/news/article/training-world-class-racers-and-weekend-warriors-18649 Training World-class Racers And Weekend Warriors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090329014638/http://www.bikeradar.com/news/article/training-world-class-racers-and-weekend-warriors-18649 |date=March 29, 2009 }}. BikeRadar (2008-09-20). Retrieved on 2012-11-18.</ref> In 1985, Heiden won the first [[United States National Road Race Championships|U.S. Professional Cycling Championship]], becoming the American road race champion.


In 1999, Heiden was inducted into the [[United States Bicycling Hall of Fame]].
In 1999, Heiden was inducted into the [[United States Bicycling Hall of Fame]].


== Medical career ==
== Medical career ==
After starting his undergraduate education at the [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]], Heiden earned a Bachelor of Science degree from [[Stanford University]] in 1984 and earned his [[M.D.]], also from Stanford, in 1991. He completed orthopedic residency training at Cal-Davis in 1996 and after a year at a sports medicine clinic in Birmingham, AL he returned to California to begin practicing as an [[Orthopaedics|orthopedic surgeon]] in Sacramento, California. At that time, he also served as team physician for the [[NBA]]'s [[Sacramento Kings]] and the [[Sacramento Monarchs]] of the [[WNBA]]. In 2002 and 2006, he was team physician for the U.S. Olympic Speedskating Team. He opened a sports medicine-based practice at The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital (TOSH) in Murray, Utah and has recently expanded Heiden Orthopaedics with an additional office in Park City, Utah.
Heiden completed medical school at [[Stanford University]] in 1991, and orthopedic residency training at [[University of California, Davis]], in 1996, then spent a year at a sports medicine clinic in [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], [[Alabama]]. He returned to California to practice as an [[Orthopaedics|orthopedic surgeon]] in [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]. At that time, he also served as [[team physician]] for the [[NBA]]'s [[Sacramento Kings]] and the [[Sacramento Monarchs]] of the [[WNBA]]. In 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4155/is_19991124/ai_n13845438 Rebate wars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103124521/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4155/is_19991124/ai_n13845438 |date=January 3, 2008 }}. Findarticles.com. Retrieved on 2012-11-18.</ref> he was team physician for the U.S. Olympic speed skating team. He opened a sports medicine-based practice at The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital (TOSH) in [[Murray, Utah]] and expanded Heiden Orthopaedics with an additional office in [[Park City, Utah]].


In 2008, Heiden and Massimo Testa published ''Faster, Better, Stronger'', a book about exercise science and exercise programs.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
He has followed in the footsteps of his father, Jack Heiden, a longtime orthopedic surgeon in Madison, Wisconsin. His sister [[Beth Heiden]] is also an accomplished speedskater and cross-country skier.


In 2009, Heiden was one of the team of doctors assisting U.S. speed skater [[J.R. Celski]] as the latter recovered from a very bad speed skating crash during the U.S. Olympic trials. Despite cutting himself to the bone and requiring 60 stitches, Celski was able to recover in time for the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] in Vancouver, where he won the bronze medal in both men's 1500 m and 5000 m relay.<ref>[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ce/j-r-celski-1.html J.R. Celski] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215163430/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ce/j-r-celski-1.html |date=December 15, 2012 }}. sports-reference.com</ref>
In 2008, Heiden published Faster, Better, Stronger, a book about exercise science and exercise programs.


==References==
==Personal life==
Heiden met fellow medical student Karen Drews while the two were studying at Stanford, and they married in 1995. Karen is a hand surgeon. They have a daughter, Zoe, born in 2001.<ref name="sfgate">{{Cite news |url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/PROFILE-Eric-Heiden-Olympic-gold-medalist-3308527.php |title=Eric Heiden, Olympic gold medalist / From skates to scalpel / Five-time gold medalist says career in medicine is his greatest achievement |work=San Francisco Chronicle |first=Tom |last=Graham |date=September 22, 2002 |access-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529094554/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/PROFILE-Eric-Heiden-Olympic-gold-medalist-3308527.php |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[http://www.skateresults.com/skater/show/360 Eric Heiden at SkateResults.com]

*[http://www.usolympicteam.com/26_576.htm Eric Heiden's U.S. Olympic Team bio] ... notes, quotes, photos
Heiden was offered many sponsorship opportunities after his record-setting performance in the 1980 Winter Olympics, but turned down most of them, saying he had enough money, and preferred the anonymity.<ref name="sfgate" />
*[http://www.usolympicteam.com/11478_30687.htm Eric Heiden interview on 25th anniversary of Olympic heroics]

*[http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=2&OLGY=1980 IOC 1980 Winter Olympics]
A number of American former gold medal winners, including Heiden, were asked to participate in the ceremonies for the [[2002 Winter Olympics]] held in [[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah]], but Heiden declined after he was passed over for the honor of lighting the [[Olympic torch]]. The [[Ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics|1980 U.S. Hockey Team]], which won the gold medal at the 1980 games, was given the honor instead. Heiden said in 2009: "I was probably just too stubborn. I figured if they don't appreciate what I did as a skater, if they don't appreciate now what I am doing as a human being, I'd just as soon hang out with my buddies and watch it. I did not mean to slight the Olympic hockey team in any way."<ref>{{cite news |last=Longman |first=Jere |title=Former Speedskating Champion Heiden Is Staying Close to the Ice |work=The New York Times |date=September 30, 2009 |access-date=June 14, 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/01/sports/01heiden.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626163714/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/01/sports/01heiden.html |archive-date=June 26, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[http://www.usolympicteam.com/11478_30685.htm Current skaters comment on Heiden's legacy]

*[http://www.usolympicteam.com/11478_30686.htm Race-by-race analysis by Heiden]
==See also==
*Wangrin, Mark (1990). "Eric Heiden: True Gold". In ''ESPN SportsCentury''. New York: Hyperion-ESPN Books. pp. 252-3.
*[[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games]]
*[http://www.teamsupportsystems.com/schaatslijst/lijst_m_allround_top10.htm Scientific approach to find the best skater of all times, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (Dutch)]
*[[List of Olympic medalist families]]
*[http://www.lettersonpages.com/2009/02/faster-better-stronger-by-eric-heiden/ Book Review of ''Faster, Better, Stronger'' at Letters on Pages]
{{Clear}}
.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Wangrin, Mark (1999). "Eric Heiden: True Gold". In ''ESPN SportsCentury''. New York: Hyperion-ESPN Books. pp.&nbsp;252–3.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{ISU speed skater|52257}}
* [http://www.speedskatingstats.com/index.php?file=skater&code=1958061401 Eric Heiden] at SpeedSkatingStats.com
* {{Team USA Hall of Fame|new_id=eric-heiden}}
* {{Team USA|old_id=HE/Eric-Heiden|archive=20210614163515}}
* {{Olympics.com profile|eric-heiden|org_archive=20201206225258}}
* {{Olympedia}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.usolympicteam.com/26_576.htm |title=Eric Heiden's U.S. Olympic Team bio ... notes, quotes, photos |website=usolympicteam.com |access-date=January 19, 2010 |archive-date=October 15, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041015172845/http://www.usolympicteam.com/26_576.htm |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.usolympicteam.com/11478_30687.htm |title=Eric Heiden interview on 25th anniversary of Olympic heroics |website=usolympicteam.com |access-date=January 19, 2010 |archive-date=February 18, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050218072616/http://www.usolympicteam.com/11478_30687.htm |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=2&OLGY=1980 |title=IOC 1980 Winter Olympics |website=olympic.org |access-date=January 19, 2010 |archive-date=December 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218084830/http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=2&OLGY=1980 |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.usolympicteam.com/11478_30685.htm |title=Current skaters comment on Heiden's legacy |website=usolympicteam.com |access-date=January 19, 2010 |archive-date=February 25, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050225082923/http://www.usolympicteam.com/11478_30685.htm |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.usolympicteam.com/11478_30686.htm |title=Race-by-race analysis by Heiden |website=usolympicteam.com |access-date=January 19, 2010 |archive-date=February 25, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050225082843/http://www.usolympicteam.com/11478_30686.htm |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.teamsupportsystems.com/schaatslijst/lijst_m_allround_top10.htm |title=Scientific approach to find the best skater of all times, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (Dutch) |website=teamsupportsystems.com |access-date=January 19, 2010 |archive-date=July 14, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714135102/http://www.teamsupportsystems.com/schaatslijst/lijst_m_allround_top10.htm |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.lettersonpages.com/2009/02/faster-better-stronger-by-eric-heiden/ |title=Book Review of ''Faster, Better, Stronger'' at Letters on Pages |website=lettersonpages.com |access-date=January 19, 2010 |archive-date=March 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303211410/http://www.lettersonpages.com/2009/02/faster-better-stronger-by-eric-heiden/ |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.speedskatingbase.eu/index.php?section=main&subsection=skater&id=8108 |title=PB's and link Results International Championships Eric Heiden at Speedskatingbase.eu |access-date=August 7, 2010 |archive-date=May 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523224411/http://www.speedskatingbase.eu/index.php?section=main&subsection=skater&id=8108 |url-status=bot: unknown }}
{{S-start}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Oscar Mathisen Award]]|years=1977–1980}}
{{s-aft|after={{flagicon|NOR}} [[Amund Sjøbrend]]}}
{{s-bef|before={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Sebastian Coe]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United Press International Athlete of the Year Award#Male winners|United Press International<br />Athlete of the Year]]|years=1980}}
{{s-aft|after={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Sebastian Coe]]}}
{{s-bef|before={{flagicon|USA}} [[Kurt Thomas (gymnast)|Kurt Thomas]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[James E. Sullivan Award]]|years=1980}}
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{{Footer Olympic Champions 10000m Speed Skating}}
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{{Footer World Sprint champions Speed Skating Men}}
{{L'Équipe Champion of Champions}}
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{{start box}}
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{{succession box|title=[[Oscar Mathisen Award]]|before=[[Sten Stensen]]|after=[[Amund Sjøbrend]]|years=1977&ndash;1980}}
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| before=[[Sebastian Coe]] |
| title=[[United Press International Athlete of the Year Award#Male winners|United Press International<br>Athlete of the Year]] |
| after=[[Sebastian Coe]] |
| years=1980}}
{{succession box|title=[[James E. Sullivan Award]]|before=[[Kurt Thomas (gymnast)|Kurt Thomas]]|after=[[Carl Lewis]]|years=1980}}
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{{succession box | title=[[Olympic Oath|Athlete's Winter Olympic Oath]]| before= [[Werner Delle Karth]]| after=[[Bojan Križaj]]| years=1980}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Heiden, Eric}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Heiden, Eric}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American male cyclists]]

[[Category:People from Madison, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:American male speed skaters]]
[[Category:People from Wisconsin]]
[[Category:American cycling road race champions]]
[[Category:American orthopedic surgeons]]
[[Category:American sports physicians]]
[[Category:Cyclists from Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Madison West High School alumni]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1980 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:James E. Sullivan Award recipients]]
[[Category:James E. Sullivan Award recipients]]
[[Category:American cyclists]]
[[Category:Oath takers at the Olympic Games]]
[[Category:American cycling road race champions]]
[[Category:Olympic Games broadcasters]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States in speed skating]]
[[Category:American surgeons]]
[[Category:Bicycling Hall of Fame]]
[[Category:American speed skaters]]
[[Category:Speed skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Speed skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Speed skaters at the 1980 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Speed skaters at the 1980 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic speed skaters of the United States]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Madison, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of multiple sports]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:Former world record holders in speed skating]]
[[Category:Stanford University School of Medicine alumni]]
[[Category:Slovenian Americans]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni]]
[[Category:World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists]]

[[Category:World record setters in speed skating]]
[[da:Eric Heiden]]
[[Category:World Sprint Speed Skating Championships medalists]]
[[de:Eric Heiden]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportsmen]]
[[fr:Eric Heiden]]
[[ko:에릭 하이든]]
[[it:Eric Heiden]]
[[nl:Eric Heiden]]
[[ja:エリック・ハイデン]]
[[no:Eric Heiden]]
[[pl:Eric Heiden]]
[[ru:Хайден, Эрик]]
[[fi:Eric Heiden]]
[[sv:Eric Heiden]]
[[zh:埃里克·海登]]

Latest revision as of 03:14, 23 November 2024

Eric Heiden
Heiden in March 2007
Personal information
Birth nameEric Arthur Heiden
Born (1958-06-14) June 14, 1958 (age 66)
Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.
EducationStanford University (BS, MD)
Height6 ft 0+1⁄2 in (184 cm)[1]
Weight185 lb (84 kg)[1]
Sport
CountryUSA
SportSpeed skating
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)500 m: 37.63 (1980)
1000 m: 1:13.60 (1980)
1500 m: 1:54.79 (1980)
3000 m: 4:06.47 (1980)
5000 m: 6:59.15 (1979)
10 000 m: 14:28.13 (1980)
Medal record
Men's speed skating
Representing the  United States
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1980 Lake Placid 500 m
Gold medal – first place 1980 Lake Placid 1000 m
Gold medal – first place 1980 Lake Placid 1500 m
Gold medal – first place 1980 Lake Placid 5000 m
Gold medal – first place 1980 Lake Placid 10000 m
World Allround Championships
Gold medal – first place 1977 Heerenveen Allround
Gold medal – first place 1978 Gothenburg Allround
Gold medal – first place 1979 Oslo Allround
Silver medal – second place 1980 Heerenveen Allround
World Sprint Championships
Gold medal – first place 1977 Alkmaar Sprint
Gold medal – first place 1978 Lake Placid Sprint
Gold medal – first place 1979 Inzell Sprint
Gold medal – first place 1980 Milwaukee Sprint

Eric Arthur Heiden (born June 14, 1958) is an American physician and a former long track speed skater, road cyclist and track cyclist. He won an unprecedented five individual gold medals, and set four Olympic records and one world record at the 1980 Winter Olympic Games. Heiden was the most successful athlete at those Olympic Games, single-handedly winning more gold medals than all nations except for the Soviet Union (10) and East Germany (9).[2] He is the most successful Winter Olympian from a single edition of any Winter Olympics. He delivered the Athlete's Oath at those same 1980 Games. His coach was Dianne Holum.[3]

Heiden is an icon in the speed skating community. His victories are significant, as few speed skaters (and athletes in general) have won competitions in both sprint and long-distance events. Heiden is the only athlete in the history of speed skating to have won all five events in a single Olympic tournament and the only one to have won a gold medal in all events. He is considered by some to be the best overall speed skater (short and long distances) in the sport's history. Heiden ranked No. 46 in ESPN's SportsCentury 50 Greatest Athletes of the 20th Century in 1999, the only speed skater to make the list. In 2000, a Dutch newspaper called him the greatest skater ever.[4]

Early life, education and family

[edit]

Heiden was born in Madison, Wisconsin on June 14, 1958. His father, Jack Heiden, was a longtime orthopedic surgeon in Madison. His sister, Beth Heiden, also became an accomplished cyclist, speed skater and cross-country skier. In their hometown Shorewood Hills, Wisconsin (a suburb of Madison), Eric and his sister Beth were the driving forces behind the creation of the Heiden Haus, a small outpost where local children can warm up after skating or playing hockey on the ice rink (complete with underground clay platform).[5][6] He graduated from Madison West High School in 1976.[7]

After starting his undergraduate education at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Heiden transferred to the University of California, San Diego and then to Stanford University in California,[8] earning a B.S. degree in 1984 and an M.D. degree in 1991.[9][10]

Athletic career

[edit]

Speed skating

[edit]

Heiden won the World Junior Speed Skating Championships in 1977 and 1978. During his short speed skating career, Heiden won three World Allround Championships and four World Sprint Championships, becoming the youngest athlete to do so. Three times he broke the world record in the 1000 metres, twice in the 3000 metres, and once each in the 1500 metres and 10000 metres. He also broke the points world record in both allround and the sprinting distances.

Heiden finished his speed skating career by finishing second behind Hilbert van der Duim at the 1980 World Allround Championships in Heerenveen. He stood at the top of the Adelskalender, a ranking system for long-track speed skating, for a record 1,495 days,[1] and he won the Oscar Mathisen Award four times in a row from 1977 until 1980. As of 2024, he still is the only skater who has won the award four times.[1]

He received the 1980 James E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States. In 1983, he was inducted into the United States Olympic Hall of Fame.

Heiden was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1990.

World records

[edit]
Heiden in 1977
Heiden in 1977
Eric and Beth Heiden in 1977 in Alkmaar, the Netherlands
Heiden in 1980

Over the course of Heiden's career he skated 15 world records:

Discipline Time Date Location
1500 m junior 2.02,75 January 18, 1976 Madonna di Campiglio
5000 m junior 7.30,23 February 20, 1977 Inzell
1500 m junior 1.59,46 February 20, 1977 Inzell
Allround junior 168.716 February 19–20, 1977 Inzell
3000 m junior 4.16,2 February 4, 1977 Montreal
Allround junior 166.584 February 4–5, 1977 Montreal
5000 m junior 7.23,54 February 5, 1978 Montreal
3000 m 4.07,01 March 2, 1978 Inzell
1000 m 1.14,99 March 12, 1978 Savalen
Big combination 162.973 February 11, 1979 Oslo
1000 m 1.14,99 February 17, 1979 Inzell
3000 m 4.06,91 March 18, 1979 Savalen
1000 m 1.13,60 January 13, 1980 Davos
Sprint combination 150.250 January 13, 1980 Davos
1500 m 1.54,79 January 19, 1980 Davos
10000 m 14.28,13 February 23, 1980 Lake Placid

[11]

Cycling

[edit]

After his speed-skating career Heiden became a professional cyclist.

Track cycling

[edit]

As a track cyclist Heiden competed at the 1981 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in Brno, but was not successful. He finished 19th and last in the men's individual pursuit event.

Road bicycle racing

[edit]

Heiden became a professional racing cyclist. He was one of the first cross-over athletes, becoming a founding member of the 7-Eleven Cycling Team. Together with his former speed skating coach (and ex-bike racer), Jim Ochowicz, he conceived of the idea of a European-style sponsored team for North American riders[12] Heiden won a few American professional races. He finished the 1985 Giro d'Italia and took part in the 1986 Tour de France, although he did not complete the race, crashing on a downhill stretch and suffering a concussion five days from the finish.[1]

Heiden is believed to have recorded one of the fastest times at 14:10 (1986 or 1987) on one of the local benchmark climbs in Woodside, California: Old La Honda Road.[13] In 1985, Heiden won the first U.S. Professional Cycling Championship, becoming the American road race champion.

In 1999, Heiden was inducted into the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame.

Medical career

[edit]

Heiden completed medical school at Stanford University in 1991, and orthopedic residency training at University of California, Davis, in 1996, then spent a year at a sports medicine clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. He returned to California to practice as an orthopedic surgeon in Sacramento. At that time, he also served as team physician for the NBA's Sacramento Kings and the Sacramento Monarchs of the WNBA. In 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014[14] he was team physician for the U.S. Olympic speed skating team. He opened a sports medicine-based practice at The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital (TOSH) in Murray, Utah and expanded Heiden Orthopaedics with an additional office in Park City, Utah.

In 2008, Heiden and Massimo Testa published Faster, Better, Stronger, a book about exercise science and exercise programs.[1]

In 2009, Heiden was one of the team of doctors assisting U.S. speed skater J.R. Celski as the latter recovered from a very bad speed skating crash during the U.S. Olympic trials. Despite cutting himself to the bone and requiring 60 stitches, Celski was able to recover in time for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, where he won the bronze medal in both men's 1500 m and 5000 m relay.[15]

Personal life

[edit]

Heiden met fellow medical student Karen Drews while the two were studying at Stanford, and they married in 1995. Karen is a hand surgeon. They have a daughter, Zoe, born in 2001.[16]

Heiden was offered many sponsorship opportunities after his record-setting performance in the 1980 Winter Olympics, but turned down most of them, saying he had enough money, and preferred the anonymity.[16]

A number of American former gold medal winners, including Heiden, were asked to participate in the ceremonies for the 2002 Winter Olympics held in Salt Lake City, Utah, but Heiden declined after he was passed over for the honor of lighting the Olympic torch. The 1980 U.S. Hockey Team, which won the gold medal at the 1980 games, was given the honor instead. Heiden said in 2009: "I was probably just too stubborn. I figured if they don't appreciate what I did as a skater, if they don't appreciate now what I am doing as a human being, I'd just as soon hang out with my buddies and watch it. I did not mean to slight the Olympic hockey team in any way."[17]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Eric Heiden". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018.
  2. ^ Aquitania, Ray E. (2010). Jock-Docs: World-Class Athletes Wearing White Coats. Booklocker.com, Incorporated. ISBN 9781609106126.
  3. ^ "Eric Heiden". Team USA. Archived from the original on February 13, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  4. ^ Woldendorp, Johan (February 4, 2000). "Vrouwen snellen Heiden nu voorbij". Trouw (in Dutch). Archived from the original on September 2, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
  5. ^ Garcia, Jessie (June 30, 2016). Going for Wisconsin Gold: Stories of Our State Olympians. Wisconsin Historical Society. ISBN 9780870207662.
  6. ^ "Village Heritage". Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  7. ^ Ivey, Mike (February 19, 2014). "Hometown hero Eric Heiden still makes his Olympic presence felt". The Capital Times.
  8. ^ Kosciolek, Jim (July 22, 1981). "Heiden nixed dash for cash". Syracuse Herald-Journal. p. C-1.
  9. ^ Eric Heiden: five Olympic gold medals were only the start of his success - website of the United States Olympic & Paralympic Museum
  10. ^ Eric Heiden, M.D.: Orthopedic Knee and Shoulder Surgeon - website of Heiden Orthopedics
  11. ^ "Eric Heiden". SpeedSkatingStats.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  12. ^ http://www.velonews.com.506 [dead link‍]
  13. ^ Training World-class Racers And Weekend Warriors Archived March 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. BikeRadar (2008-09-20). Retrieved on 2012-11-18.
  14. ^ Rebate wars Archived January 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Findarticles.com. Retrieved on 2012-11-18.
  15. ^ J.R. Celski Archived December 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. sports-reference.com
  16. ^ a b Graham, Tom (September 22, 2002). "Eric Heiden, Olympic gold medalist / From skates to scalpel / Five-time gold medalist says career in medicine is his greatest achievement". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  17. ^ Longman, Jere (September 30, 2009). "Former Speedskating Champion Heiden Is Staying Close to the Ice". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Wangrin, Mark (1999). "Eric Heiden: True Gold". In ESPN SportsCentury. New York: Hyperion-ESPN Books. pp. 252–3.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eric Heiden.
Awards and achievements
Preceded by Oscar Mathisen Award
1977–1980 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United Press International
Athlete of the Year
1980 		Succeeded by
Preceded by James E. Sullivan Award
1980 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Eric_Heiden&oldid=1259054996"