Shōjo: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Shōjo manga]] |
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{{ otheruses4|the Japanese word for young girl|other uses|Shojo (disambiguation)}} |
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{{wiktionarypar|少女|shōjo}}{{Contains Japanese text}}{{ChineseText}} |
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[[Image:Shoujosekai.jpg|thumb|Cover of one of the earliest ''shōjo'' magazines, ''[[Shōjo Sekai]]'', published July 1, 1908 by [[Hakubunkan]].]] |
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{{nihongo|'''''Shōjo''''', '''''shojo''''' or '''''shoujo'''''|少女|shōjo}} is a [[Japanese language|Japanese]] word originally derived from a Chinese expression written with the same characters.<ref group = nb>Because of the difficulty of inputting [[macron]]s on many computers, "shôjo" and "shöjo" are also common and acceptable renderings, although "shōjo" is preferred.)</ref> The [[Chinese character]]s ('''少''' and '''女''') literally mean ''young/little/few'' and ''woman'' respectively.<ref name = "YuenRen"> Yuen Ren Chao and Lien Sheng Yong. 1962. ''Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese.'' Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (No ISBN). 少 is radical #42, page 64. 女 is radical #38, page 54, meaning ''woman'' or ''female.'' 女 can be used as either a noun or an adjective.</ref> In Japanese, these kanji refer specifically to a young woman approximately 7-18 years old.<ref name = Daijisen>[[Shogakukan]] Daijisen Editorial Staff (1998), {{nihongo|''Daijisen''|大辞泉}} (Dictionary of the Japanese language), Revised Edition. Tokyo: [[Shogakukan]]. ISBN 978-4095012124.</ref> ''Shōjo'' can often be translated with the English word ''girl''.<ref>The word ''girl'' in English has complex meanings, and care is needed in its use. See Francoeur, R.T., Martha Cornog, Timothy Perper, and Norman A. Scherzer 1995 ''The Complete Dictionary of Sexology, New Expanded Edition.'' New York: Continuum.</ref> |
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{{Rcat shell| |
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The kanji compound {{nihongo2|少女}} can also be pronounced ''otome'', although ''otome'' (meaning "maiden") is more commonly written with the kanji {{nihongo2|乙女}}.<ref name = Daijisen /> |
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{{R to related topic}} |
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}} |
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==Etymology== |
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Like most [[kanji]] compounds, the term shōjo is borrowed from [[Classical Chinese]] [[Chinese character|character]]s, probably via [[Korea]]. The term 少女 is pronounced ''shào nǚ'' in [[Mandarin]] ([[pinyin]] romanization), ''so nyŏ'' in [[Korean language|Korean]] ([[McCune-Reischauer]] romanization), and ''shōjo'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] ([[Hepburn romanization]]), although, as noted above, it can also be pronounced ''otome'' in Japanese. |
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The earliest surviving written record of the term 少女 is on the [[Book of the Later Han]], published in China in the 5th century, in Chapter 86, The myth of [[Yao people|Yao]], referring to young girls.<ref> [http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/newDict/dict.sh?cond=%A4%D6%A4k&pieceLen=50&fld=1&cat=&ukey=1830060051&serial=1&recNo=1&op=f&imgFont=1 Chinese Dictionary, Department of Education of Republic of China]</ref> |
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{{cquote|盤瓠種，昔帝嚳時患犬戎入寇, 乃訪募天下，有能得犬戎之將吳將軍頭者，購黃金千鎰，邑萬家，又妻以'''少女'''<ref>[http://toyoshi.lit.nagoya-u.ac.jp/maruha/kanseki/tongdian187.html 後漢書 南蠻西南夷傳]Department of Asian History, [[Nagoya University]] Accessed 2008-09-14</ref>. |
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Translation: The myth of [[Yao people|Yao]]: the country is being invaded by barbarians, the king is looking for warriors who are capable of taking the head of the general of the invading army, and for this the king will award (a) thousand Yi <ref> 1 Yi (鎰) equals 315 [[gram]] [http://xh.5156edu.com/show.php?id=14694 New Chinese dictionary online] </ref> of gold, (a) myriad of houses and '''young girl'''(s) as their wife/wives.''}} |
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In the 7th century, the word was introduced into the Japanese language through the adoption of the Chinese-style [[Ritsuryō]] legal system, where it referred to females between the ages of 17 and 20.<ref> 清水民子『女の子はどう育つか : 少女期その世界と発達』新日本出版社、1989年4月、ISBN 4406017232 </ref><ref name = Daijisen /> <!--Translation needed 近代では1920〜30年代の近代市場社会、都市型小家族の完成期に浮遊性・脱秩序性・非生産性等の様々な「印」を持つ少女文化が開花した。--> |
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==Modern usage== |
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In legal settings, ''shōjo'' is a subset of [[shōnen]] (meaning [[minor (law)|"minor"]]) and refers to any female juvenile who has not reached the age of 20.<ref>[http://www.kensatsu.go.jp/gyoumu/shonen_jiken.htm Public Prosecutors Office, Japan]. </ref> |
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In Japan, the word ''shōjo'' has many applications outside of the law. It refers to anything of, for, or about school-age girls.<ref name = Ruigo>[[Shogakukan]] Dictionary Editorial Staff (2003), {{nihongo|''Tsukaikata no wakaru ruigo reikai jiten''|使い方の分かる類語例解辞典}} ("A Dictionary of Synonyms in Japanese"), New Edition. Tokyo: [[Shogakukan]]. ISBN 978-4095055220.</ref> Examples include ''[[shōjo manga]]'', ''shōjo culture'',<ref>山崎まどか『オードリーとフランソワーズ-乙女カルチャー入門』（晶文社、ISBN 4794965184、2002年</ref> ''shōjo'' novels, ''shōjo'' hobbies, and ''shōjo'' fashions, among others. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Bishōjo]] |
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*[[Josei]] |
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*[[Lolicon]] |
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*[[Lolita (term)|Lolita]] |
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*[[Shōjo manga]], a Japanese [[manga]] [[demographic]] |
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*[[Shoujocon]], a former anime convention held annually from 2000-2003 |
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*[[Shōnen]], shōjo's male counterpart, includes legal definition of shōnen and shōjo |
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*[[Women in Japan]] |
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*[[Yaoi]] |
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*[[Yuri (term)|Yuri]] |
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*[[Yamato Nadeshiko]] |
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===Magazines=== |
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*''[[Shojo Beat]]'', a shōjo manga magazine published in North America by Viz Media |
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*''[[Shōjo Comic]]'', a shōjo manga magazine published twice monthly in Japan by Shogakukan since 1968 |
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*''[[Shōjo Friend]]'', a defunct manga magazine formerly published by Kodansha |
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===Other works=== |
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*''[[Binetsu Shōjo]]'', a shōjo manga series by Kaho Miyasaka |
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*[[Bungaku Shōjo (light novels)|''Bungaku Shōjo'' (light novels)]], a collection of Japanese light novels by Mizuki Nomura. |
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*''[[Shōjo Sect]]'', a Japanese adult manga series written and illustrated by manga author Ken Kurogane. |
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==Footnotes== |
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<references group=nb/> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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[[Category:Childhood|Shojo]] |
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[[Category:Japanese law|Shojo]] |
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[[Category:Japanese words and phrases|Shojo]] |
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[[Category:Juvenile law|Shojo]] |
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[[ja:少女]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:53, 18 August 2021
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