Jump to content

Philosophy, politics and economics: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
removed unsourced reference to Bill Clinton; Clinton left without taking a degree
Quick cleanup per WP:NOPIPE, MOS:CURLY, MOS:DASH
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Interdisciplinary academic degree}}
{{Unreferenced|date=July 2007}}
{{See also|Philosophy and economics}}
'''Philosophy, Politics and Economics''' or '''Politics, Philosophy, and Economics''' (often abbreviated to '''PPE''') is a popular [[interdisciplinary]] undergraduate [[academic degree|degree]] which combines study from the three disciplines. The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was initially founded by the [[University of Oxford]]. It is now offered at several other leading colleges and universities around the world, including [[Durham University]], [[Warwick University]], [[University of York]] and [[Swansea University]] in the [[United Kingdom]], and the [[University of Pennsylvania]], the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]], [[Wesleyan University]][http://www.wesleyan.edu/css/program_description.html], and [[Claremont McKenna College]] in the [[United States]].<ref>[http://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate_courses/courses/philosophy_politics.html Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) - University of Oxford<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
'''Philosophy, politics and economics''', or '''politics, philosophy and economics''' ('''PPE'''), is an [[interdisciplinary]] [[undergraduate]] or [[postgraduate]] [[academic degree|degree]] which combines study from three disciplines. The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was the [[University of Oxford]] in the 1920s.
This particular course has produced a [[List of University of Oxford people with PPE degrees|significant number of notable graduates]] such as [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], Burmese politician and former [[State Counsellor of Myanmar]], Nobel Peace Prize winner; Princess [[Haya bint Hussein]], daughter of the late [[King Hussein of Jordan]]; [[Christopher Hitchens]], the British–American author and journalist;<ref name="ukwhoswho1">'Hitchens, Christopher Eric', ''Who's Who''; 2012, A & C Black, 2012; online edn, Oxford University Press, December 2012; online edn, January 2012 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U20283, accessed 5 December 2014]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsvq4PYdt40&t=23m55s| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517235415/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsvq4PYdt40| archive-date=2013-05-17 | url-status=dead|title=Christopher Hitchens – On C-SPAN discussing his book 'For the Sake of Argument'[1993]|publisher=C-SPAN}}</ref> [[Will Self]], British author and journalist;<ref>{{Cite news |title=PPE has produced a Pernicious Political Ethics – and me |last=Self |first=Will |journal=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/will-self-ppe-oxford-pernicious-political-elite-comment-gcdcq2chr |date=31 July 2022 |access-date=29 November 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=My other life: Will Self |last=Self |first=Will |journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/nov/01/my-other-life-will-self |date=1 November 2009 |access-date=29 November 2022 }}</ref> [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winning writer and director [[Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck]]; [[Michael Dummett]], [[Gareth Evans (philosopher)|Gareth Evans]], [[Philippa Foot]], [[Christopher Peacocke]], [[Gilbert Ryle]], and [[Peter Strawson]], philosophers; [[Harold Wilson]], [[Edward Heath]], [[David Cameron]], [[Liz Truss]] and [[Rishi Sunak]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Murthy son-in-law gets Hague's seat |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/world/murthy-son-in-law-gets-hagues-seat/cid/1586703 |last=Roy |first=Amit |journal=The Telegraph |date=25 October 2022 |access-date=25 October 2022 }}</ref> [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom]]; [[Hugh Gaitskell]], [[Michael Foot]], [[William Hague]] and [[Ed Miliband]], former [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leaders of the Opposition]]; former [[Prime Ministers of Pakistan]] [[Benazir Bhutto]] and [[Imran Khan]]; and [[Malcolm Fraser]], [[Bob Hawke]] and [[Tony Abbott]], former [[Prime Ministers of Australia]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kenny|first=Mark|title=Tony Abbott's Oxford transcript released|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/tony-abbotts-oxford-transcript-released-20131125-2y6a1.html|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald|date=November 25, 2013}}</ref><ref name="graun">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/feb/23/ppe-oxford-university-degree-that-rules-britain |title=PPE: the Oxford degree that runs Britain |last=Beckett |first=Andy|author-link=Andy Beckett|date=23 February 2017|website=[[theguardian.com]] |access-date=23 February 2017}}</ref> The course received fresh attention in 2017, when Nobel Peace Prize winner [[Malala Yousafzai]] earned a place.<ref>{{cite news| title=A level results: Malala Yousafzai gets a place at Oxford|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-40959543|access-date=17 August 2017|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Malala Yousafzai gets into Oxford to study PPE after collecting A Level results|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/08/17/malala-yousafzai-gets-oxford-study-ppe/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/08/17/malala-yousafzai-gets-oxford-study-ppe/ |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=18 August 2017|work=Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref>


In the 1980s, the [[University of York]] went on to establish its own PPE degree based upon the Oxford model; [[King's College London]], the [[University of Warwick]], the [[Victoria University of Manchester|University of Manchester]], and other British universities later followed. According to the [[BBC]], the Oxford PPE "dominate[s] public life" (in the UK).<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11136511 |title=Why does PPE rule Britain? | last1=Kelly | first1=Jon |publisher=BBC News |date=2010-08-31 |access-date=2010-09-02}}</ref> It is now offered at several other leading colleges and universities around the world. More recently Warwick University and King's College added a new degree under the name of PPL (Politics, Philosophy and Law) with the aim to bring an alternative to the more classical PPE degrees.
==History==
PPE was established in Oxford in [[1920]] as a modern alternative to [[Literae Humaniores|Classics]] (known as Greats) because it was thought that a course in [[Philosophy]] and [[Ancient History]] was no longer relevant for those entering the [[civil service]]. It was thus initially known as '''Modern Greats'''.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} It was also the first opportunity for students to study philosophy at Oxford without having to learn [[Ancient Greek]] or [[Latin (language)|Latin]] and hence sparked a huge growth in the number of students studying philosophy at Oxford.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}


In the [[United States]], it is offered by over 50 colleges and universities, including three [[Ivy League]] schools and a large number of public universities.<ref>{{cite web|date=2014-03-07|title=Major/Minor|url=https://govt.dartmouth.edu/undergraduate/majorminor|access-date=2021-01-02|website=Department of Government|language=en}}</ref>{{not in source|date=December 2024}} [[Harvard University]] began offering a similar degree in Social Studies in 1960, which combines politics, philosophy, and economics with history and sociology.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} In 2020, in addition to its undergraduate degree programs in PPE, [[Virginia Tech]] joined the [[Chapman University]]'s Smith Institute as among the first research centers in the world dedicated to interdisciplinary research in PPE.<ref>{{cite web|title=Virginia Tech Announces Center for PPE|date=7 October 2020 |url=https://ppesociety.org/2020/10/07/virginia-tech-announces-center-for-ppe/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New center for philosophy, politics, and economics named for Virginia Tech alumnus|url=https://www.vtnews.vt.edu/content/vtnews_vt_edu/en/articles/2020/10/kellogg-center-launch.html|access-date=2020-12-10|website=www.vtnews.vt.edu|language=en|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504051851/https://www.vtnews.vt.edu/content/vtnews_vt_edu/en/articles/2020/10/kellogg-center-launch.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Several PPE programs exist in Canada, most notably the first endowed school in the nation – the [[Frank McKenna]] School of Philosophy, Politics and Economics at [[Mount Allison University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Frank McKenna School of Philosophy, Politics, and Economics announced at Mount Allison University {{!}} Mount Allison|url=http://mta.ca/about/news/frank-mckenna-school-philosophy-politics-and-economics-announced-mount-allison|access-date=2021-11-10|website=mta.ca|language=en}}</ref> In Asia, [[Tsinghua University]], [[Waseda University]], [[National University of Singapore|NUS]], [[Tel-Aviv University]] and [[Ashoka University]] [[Asian University For Women, Chattogram in Bangladesh]] are among those that have PPE or similar programs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.xyc.tsinghua.edu.cn/rcpy/kxkjczy.htm|title=跨学科交叉专业-新雅书院|access-date=27 August 2021|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118103824/https://www.xyc.tsinghua.edu.cn/rcpy/kxkjczy.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Degrees |url=https://www.waseda.jp/fpse/pse/en/about/degrees |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=School of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://fass.nus.edu.sg/ppe/discoverppe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827202418/https://fass.nus.edu.sg/ppe/discoverppe/ |archive-date=2021-08-27 |title=Discover PPE – NUS Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://humanities.tau.ac.il/pakam/candidates-info/info|title = הרציונל של התכנית}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ashoka.edu.in/economics/ppe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827200051/https://www.ashoka.edu.in/economics/ppe |archive-date=2021-08-27 |title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics Programme}}</ref>
==Course material==
The design of the programme emanates from the view that to understand social phenomena one must approach them from several complementary disciplinary directions and analytical frameworks. In this regard, the study of '''philosophy''' is considered important because it both equips students with [[meta-tools]] such as the ability to reason rigorously and logically, and facilitates [[ethical]] reflection. The study of '''politics''' is considered necessary because it acquaints students with the authoritative structures that govern society and help solve [[collective action]] problems. Moreover, the study of [[political science]] is thought to put students in a position to evaluate the choices political systems and regimes regularly make. Finally, studying '''economics''' is seen as vital in the modern world because political decisions often concern economic matters, and government decisions are often influenced by economic events. Additionally, the analytical framework of [[economics]] (the rational actor model) is an important approach to studying social phenomena and, as such, students ought to be familiar with it.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}


== History ==
==Notable people with PPE degrees from Oxford==
Philosophy, politics and economics was established as a degree course at the University of Oxford in the 1920s,<ref>[http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/applying/ugcourses/index.asp#_Toc146507694] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830181845/http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/applying/ugcourses/index.asp|date=2009-08-30}} "Balliol was the birthplace of the modern degree of PPE in the 1920s. A. D. Lindsay, who subsequently became the master of the college, played a key role in the establishment of the degree and Balliol has long remained a major college for the study of PPE, and PPE has long been a major subject within Balliol."</ref> as a modern alternative to [[classics]] (known as "[[literae humaniores]]" or "greats" at Oxford) for those entering the [[civil service]]. It was thus initially known as "modern greats".<ref name="BBC"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk/the_faculty/history_of_philosophy |title=History of Philosophy at Oxford – Faculty of Philosophy |publisher=Philosophy.ox.ac.uk |date=2009-11-19 |access-date=2010-06-02 |archive-date=26 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226001340/http://www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk/the_faculty/history_of_philosophy |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first PPE students commenced their course in the autumn of 1921.<ref name=graun /> The regulation by which it was established is Statt. Tit. VI. Sect. 1 C; "the subject of the Honour School of Philosophy, Politics, and Economics shall be the study of the structure, and the philosophical and economic principles, of Modern Society."<ref>University of Oxford (1926) ''The Examination Statutes. together with the regulations of the boards of studies and boards of faculties for the academical year 1926–1927''. Oxford: Clarendon Press; pp. 149=54</ref> Initially it was compulsory to study all three subjects for all three years of the course, but in 1970 this requirement was relaxed, and since then students have been able to drop one subject after the first year – most do this, but a minority continue with all three.<ref name=graun />
PPE has traditionally been a programme pursued by those seeking a career in [[politics]] or public life, including senior positions in [[Her Majesty's Civil Service]] &ndash; with quite a few subsequently achieving it. A number of PPE graduates have also pursued careers in journalism. Oxford's notable PPE graduates include:
<!--Please add any additional examples in alphabetical order-->
*[[Abhisit Vejjajiva]], current [[Prime Minister of Thailand]]
*[[Adebayo Ogunlesi]], Nigerian businessman
*[[Alan Beith]], British [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP
*[[Alan Duncan]], British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP and former [[Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)|Shadow]] [[Leader of the House of Commons]]
*[[Alexander Thynn, 7th Marquess of Bath|Marquess of Bath]] British peer, writer and owner of [[Longleat]]
*[[Andreas Whittam Smith]], former editor of [[The Independent]] newspaper
*[[Angela Eagle]], British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP
*[[Ann Widdecombe]], [[United Kingdom|British]] Conservative MP
*[[Anthony Crosland]], former [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP and [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|Cabinet]] minister
*[[Anton Muttukumaru]], Sri Lankan army officer and diplomat
*[[Atul Gawande]], American [[surgeon]] and writer
*[[Aung San Suu Kyi]], [[Bamar|Burmese]] politician
*[[Barbara Castle]], former [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP and [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|Cabinet]] minister
*[[Barbara Roche]], British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP
*[[Ben Pimlott]], historian
*[[Benazir Bhutto]], former [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]
*[[Bill Emmott]], [[journalism|journalist]]
*[[Brian Paddick]], former [[Metropolitan Police Service]] deputy assistant commissioner and [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] politician
*[[Brian Young]], American music critic and basketball player
*[[Bronwen Maddox]], [[The Times|Times]] journalist
*[[Carrie Gracie]], BBC newsreader
*[[Chad Varah]], founder of the [[Samaritans (charity)|Samaritans]]
*[[Chris Huhne]], British [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] politician
*[[Christopher Hitchens]], British author and broadcaster
*[[Craig Raine]], poet
*[[Damian Green]], British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP
*[[Danny Alexander]], British [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP
*[[David Alderdice]], Dermatologist, Northern Irish politician and former Lord Mayor of [[Belfast]]
*[[David Cameron]], British politician and Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] Opposition
*[[David Dimbleby]], journalist and television presenter
*[[David Gill (economist)|David Gill]], [[Ireland|Irish]] economist
*[[David Heathcoat-Amory]], British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP
*[[David Miliband]] MP, British [[Foreign Secretary]] and older brother of Ed.
*[[David Willetts]], British Conservative MP and Shadow [[Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills]]
*[[Dennis Potter]], British television playwright
*[[Derek Foster, Baron Foster of Bishop Auckland|Derek Foster]], former [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP
*[[Ed Balls]], British politician and [[Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families]]
*[[Ed Miliband]] MP, British [[Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change]]
*[[Edward Davey|Ed Davey]], British [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP
*[[Edward Heath]], former Conservative [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]]
*[[Edwina Currie]], former Conservative MP
*[[Etienne de Villiers]], Chairman, BBC Worldwide
*[[Evan Davis (journalist)|Evan Davis]], British economic journalist
*[[Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck]], film director and screenwriter
*[[Francis Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford|Lord Longford]], social reformer and politician
*[[George Gardiner (politician)|George Gardiner]], former Conservative politician and MP
*[[George Will]], American political journalist and commentator
*[[Geraint Davies (Labour politician)|Geraint Davies]], British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP
*[[Gerald Kaufman]], former [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP
*[[Guto Harri]], former BBC political correspondent and Communications Director for the [[Mayor of London]]
*[[Sir George Young, 6th Baronet|George Young]], British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP
*[[Harold Wilson]], former British Prime Minister
*[[Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein|Haya Bint Al Hussein]], daughter of [[Hussein of Jordan]], [[UN]] messenger of peace
*[[Hugh Gaitskell]], British politician and former leader of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]
*[[Hugh Quarshie]], British actor
*[[Ian Davis]], [[managing director]] [[McKinsey & Co.]]
*[[Imran Khan]], Pakistani [[cricket]]er and politician
*[[Isaiah Berlin]], philosopher
*[[Jacqui Smith]], British [[Home Secretary]]
*[[Jackie Ashley]], British broadcast and newspaper journalist
*[[James Purnell]] MP, British politician and [[Secretary of State for Work and Pensions]]
*[[James Robbins]], BBC diplomatic correspondent
*[[Jana Bennett]], Director of BBC Vision and non-executive director, BBC Worldwide
*[[Janet Young, Baroness Young| Baroness Young]], British Conservative politician and first female [[Leader of the House of Lords]]
*[[Joe Roff]], Australian rugby player
*[[John Holmes (British diplomat)|John Holmes]], British diplomat and [[United Nations|UN]] Under-Secretary-General
*[[John Kufuor]], President of [[Ghana]]
*[[John Sergeant]], former BBC political journalist
*[[Julian Critchley]], British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] politician
*[[Justin Cartwright]], novelist
*[[Ken MacDonald]], [[Director of Public Prosecutions]] for England and Wales
*[[Khairy Jamaluddin]], Malaysian MP
*[[Kitty Ussher]], British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP
*[[Krishnan Guru-Murthy]], Channel 4 news reader
*[[Lance Price]], former BBC journalist and special advisor to [[Tony Blair]]
*[[Manisha Tank]], presenter, [[BBC World News]]
*[[Mara Yamauchi]], British Olympic marathon runner
*[[Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington|Baroness Jay]], British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] politician and former [[Leader of the House of Lords]]
*[[Maria Eagle]], British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP and twin sister of Angela
*[[Martin Mansergh]], Irish politician
*[[Mary Ann Sieghart]], journalist
*[[Matthew Taylor (politician)|Matthew Taylor]], British [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] politician
*[[Maurizio Giuliano]], [[Italy|Italian]]-[[United Kingdom|British]] [[journalism|journalist]], [[Guinness World Records|Guinness]] record-holder, and [[United Nations|UN]] official
*[[Meg Hillier]], British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP
*[[Michael Cockerell]], political documentary maker
*[[Michael Crick]], British journalist, author and broadcaster.
*[[Sir Michael Dummett|Michael Dummett]], [[Philosophy|philosopher]]
*[[Michael Foot]], MP and author
*[[Monica Ali]], writer
*[[Nick Cohen]], journalist
*[[Nick Robinson]], BBC political editor
*[[Nicky Oppenheimer]], South African businessman
*[[Nigel Lawson|Lord Lawson]], former Conservative MP and [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]
*[[Paul Gambaccini]], music journalist and broadcaster
*[[Pete Dawkins]], former [[Heisman trophy]] winner
*[[Peter Jay]], British diplomat, economist and journalist
*[[Peter Mandelson|Lord Mandelson]], British [[Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform]], and former [[EU Commissioner]]
*[[Radosław Sikorski]], [[Poland|Polish]] politician and journalist
*[[Rebecca Pike]], BBC business and economics correspondent
*[[Rhodri Morgan]] AM, [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] politician and [[First Minister for Wales]]
*[[Riz Ahmed]], [[Pakistani Briton|British-Pakistani]] rapper, actor and anti-war activist
*[[Rose Dugdale]], former IRA prisoner and [[Sinn Fein]] politician
*[[Roy Bhaskar]] philosopher
*[[Roy Jenkins]], British politician
*[[Rupert Murdoch]], Australian-American [[media mogul]]
*[[Ruth Kelly]], British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP and former [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|Cabinet]] minister
*[[Shirley Williams, Baroness Williams of Crosby|Shirley Williams]], former [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] Cabinet minister and co-founder of the [[Social Democratic Party (UK)|Social Democratic Party]]
*[[Sion Simon]], British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP
*[[Stephanie Flanders]], BBC economics editor
*[[Stephen Breyer]], [[United States of America|US]] [[Supreme Court Justice]]
*[[Stephen Hester]], Chief Executive of [[The Royal Bank of Scotland Group]] (RBS)
*[[Stephen Twigg]], Director of the [[Foreign Policy Centre]] and former [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP
*[[Steve Hilton]], Conservative Party [[Spin Doctor]]
*[[Susan Haack]], British philosopher at the [[University of Miami]]
*[[Susan Kramer]], British [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP
*[[Tariq Ali]], political campaigner and commentator and writer
*[[Toby Young]], Journalist
*[[Tony Benn]], former Labour MP
*[[Tony Pua]], Malaysian [[blogger]] and opposition MP
*[[Tim Rathbone]], British Conservative MP
*[[Urszula Gacek]], Polish MEP
*[[Walter Isaacson]], American writer
*[[Wesley Clark]], former [[United States Army|US Army]] [[General]] and [[Supreme Allied Commander Europe]] for [[NATO]]
*[[William Hague]], British politician and former leader of the Conservative Party
*[[Yvette Cooper]], British politician and [[Chief Secretary to the Treasury]]
*[[Zeinab Badawi]], British broadcast journalist


During the 1960s some students started to critique the course from a left-wing perspective, culminating in the publication of a pamphlet, ''The Poverty of PPE'', in 1968, written by Trevor Pateman, who argued that it "gives no training in scholarship, only refining to a high degree of perfection the ability to write short dilettantish essays on the basis of very little knowledge: ideal training for the social engineer". The pamphlet advocated incorporating the study of sociology, anthropology and art, and to take on the aim of "assist(ing) the radicalisation and mobilisation of political opinion outside the university". In response, some minor changes were made, with influential leftist writers such as [[Frantz Fanon]] and [[Régis Debray]] being added to politics reading lists, but the core of the programme remained the same.<ref name=graun /><ref name="Pateman">{{cite book |last1=Pateman |first1=Trevor |title=The Poverty of PPE |date=1968 |url=http://virtualstoa.net/2008/03/03/the-poverty-of-ppe-episode-one/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629214532/http://virtualstoa.net/2008/03/03/the-poverty-of-ppe-episode-one/ |access-date=3 May 2024|archive-date=29 June 2022 }}</ref>
== References ==


[[Christopher Stray]] has pointed to the course as one reason for the gradual decline of the study of classics, as classicists in political life began to be edged out by those who had studied the modern greats.<ref>Christopher Stray, ''Classics Transformed: Schools, Universities, and Society in England, 1830–1960''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Pp. xiv, 336. {{ISBN|0-19-815013-X}}.</ref>
{{reflist}}

Political theorists Dario Castiglione and Iain Hampsher-Monk have described the course as being fundamental to the development of political thought in the UK since it established a connection between politics and philosophy. Previously at Oxford, and for some time subsequently at Cambridge, politics had been taught only as a branch of modern history.<ref>Dario Castiglione and Iain Hampsher-Monk, ''The History of Political Thought in National Context''. Cambridge University Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-521-78234-1}}</ref>

== Course material ==
The programme is rooted in the view that to understand social phenomena one must approach them from several complementary disciplinary directions and analytical frameworks. In this regard, the study of [[philosophy]] is considered important because it both equips students with [[meta-tools]] such as the ability to [[reason]] rigorously and [[logic]]ally, and facilitates [[ethical]] reflection. The study of [[politics]] is considered necessary because it acquaints students with the institutions that govern society and help solve [[collective action]] problems. Finally, studying [[economics]] is seen as vital in the modern world because political decisions often concern economic matters, and government decisions are often influenced by economic events. The vast majority of students at Oxford drop one of the three subjects for the second and third years of their course. Oxford now has more than 600 undergraduates studying the subject, admitting over 200 each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ppe.ox.ac.uk/index.php/why-study-ppe-at-oxford|title=Why Study PPE at Oxford?|work=ox.ac.uk|access-date=2012-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711084739/https://www.ppe.ox.ac.uk/index.php/why-study-ppe-at-oxford|archive-date=2017-07-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Academic opinions ==
Oxford PPE graduate [[Nick Cohen]] and former tutor Iain McLean consider the course's breadth important to its appeal, especially "because British society values generalists over specialists". Academic and [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] [[Peerages in the United Kingdom|peer]] [[Maurice Glasman]] noted that "PPE combines the status of an elite university degree – PPE is the ultimate form of being good at school – with the stamp of a vocational course. It is perfect training for cabinet membership, and it gives you a view of life". However, he also noted that it had an orientation towards consensus politics and [[technocracy]].<ref name=graun />

[[Geoff Evans (political scientist)|Geoffrey Evans]], an Oxford fellow in politics and a senior tutor, critiques that the Oxford course's success and consequent over-demand is a self-perpetuating feature of those in front of and behind the scenes in national administration, in stating "all in all, it's how the class system works". In the current economic system, he bemoans the unavoidable inequalities besetting admissions and thereby enviable recruitment prospects of successful graduates. The argument itself intended as a [[paternalistic]] ethical reflection on how governments and peoples can perpetuate [[social stratification]].<ref name="BBC"/>

[[Stewart Wood, Baron Wood of Anfield|Stewart Wood]], a former adviser to [[Ed Miliband]] who studied PPE at Oxford in the 1980s and taught politics there in the 1990s and 2000s, acknowledged that the programme has been slow to catch up with contemporary political developments, saying that "it does still feel like a course for people who are going to run the [[British Raj|Raj]] in 1936... In the politics part of PPE, you can go three years without discussing a single contemporary public policy issue". He also stated that the structure of the course gave it a [[centrist]] bias, due to the range of material covered: "...most students think, mistakenly, that the only way to do it justice is to take a centre position".<ref name=graun />

== List of offering universities ==
=== [[United Kingdom]] ===
==== [[England]] ====
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Birkbeck, University of London]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbk.ac.uk/study/2021/postgraduate/programmes/TMSPOPHE_C/ |title=MSc. Politics, Philosophy and Economics – Birkbeck, University of London|publisher=Bbk.ac.uk |date=2021-04-21 |access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>
*[[Durham University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dur.ac.uk/ppe/ |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics – Durham University |publisher=Dur.ac.uk |date=2012-12-11 |access-date=2013-09-24}}</ref>
*[[Goldsmiths, University of London]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gold.ac.uk/ug/ba-politics-philosophy-economics/ |title=BA (Hons) Politics, Philosophy & Economics, Goldsmiths, University of London |publisher=gold.ac.uk |access-date=2013-08-08}}</ref>
*[[Keele University]]
*[[King's College London]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/politicaleconomy/study/ug/Upcoming-Programmes-201516.aspx|title=King's College London – Upcoming Programmes 2015/16|work=kcl.ac.uk|access-date=13 September 2014|archive-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903215244/https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/politicaleconomy/study/ug/Upcoming-Programmes-201516.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Kingston University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kingston.ac.uk/postgraduate-course/philosophy-politics-economics-ma/ |title=Philosophy, Politics, Economics MA |publisher=kingston.ac.uk |access-date=2012-02-26}}</ref>
*[[Lancaster University]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics BA Hons|url=http://www.lancs.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/philosophy-politics-and-economics-ba-hons-l0v0/|publisher=Lancaster University|access-date=23 January 2013}}</ref>
*[[London School of Economics]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/degreeProgrammes2015/philosophyLogicAndScientificMethod/L0V0_BSc_PPE.aspx |title=BSc Philosophy, Politics and Economics (Four Year Programme) |publisher=lse.ac.uk |access-date=2014-11-02 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710120743/http://www.lse.ac.uk/Study-at-LSE/Undergraduate/Degree-programmes-2017/BSc-Philosophy-Politics-and-Economics |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[The Open University]]<ref>[http://www3.open.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/qualification/q45.htm Q45 – BA (Honours) Politics, Philosophy and Economics – Open University Degree]. .open.ac.uk (2012-10-16). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.</ref>
*[[Royal Holloway, University of London]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rhul.ac.uk/politicsandir/prospectivestudents/undergraduate/babscpolitics,philosophyandeconomics(ppe).aspx |title=BA/BSc Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE) |publisher=Rhul.ac.uk |access-date=2012-12-04}}</ref>
*[[SOAS University of London]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/study/find-course/bsc-politics-philosophy-and-economics/ |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics BSc at SOAS University of London |date=September 2022 |publisher=soas.ac.uk |access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref>
*[[University College London]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/spp/teaching/undergraduate/ppe |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics BSc |publisher=ucl.ac.uk |access-date=2014-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005145847/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/spp/teaching/undergraduate/ppe |archive-date=2014-10-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[University of Buckingham]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buckingham.ac.uk/humanities/ba/ppe-3year |access-date=2019-11-14|title=BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics PPE}}</ref>
*[[New College of the Humanities at Northeastern]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nchlondon.ac.uk/degrees/undergraduate/ppe/philosophy-politics-economics-ba-ppe-with-a-politics-major/|access-date=2020-03-17|title=Philosophy, Politics & Economics BA (Hons) (Politics major)|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419010038/https://www.nchlondon.ac.uk/degrees/undergraduate/ppe/philosophy-politics-economics-ba-ppe-with-a-politics-major/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[University of East Anglia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uea.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.115499.1242810648!L0V0%20Course%20Guide%20%282009-0%29.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403012330/http://www.uea.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.115499.1242810648!L0V0%20Course%20Guide%20%282009-0%29.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-04-03 |title=Course: Philosophy, Politics and Economics (U1L0V0301) |publisher=Uea.ac.uk |access-date=2015-05-08 }}
</ref>
*[[University of Essex]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.essex.ac.uk/coursefinder/CourseDetails.aspx?course=BA++L0V0 |title=University of Essex :: Course Finder :: BA Philosophy, Politics and Economics |publisher=Essex.ac.uk |date=2010-05-14 |access-date=2010-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607152455/http://www.essex.ac.uk/coursefinder/CourseDetails.aspx?course=BA++L0V0 |archive-date=2011-06-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[University of Exeter]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exeter.ac.uk/undergraduate/degrees/politics/ppe/ |title=BA Politics, Philosophy and Economics |publisher=exeter.ac.uk |access-date=2012-05-23|website = BA Politics, Philosophy and Economics}}</ref>
*[[University of Hull]]<ref name="BA (Hons) Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE)">{{cite web
|title = BA (Hons) Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE)
|url = http://www2.hull.ac.uk/FASS/politics_homepage/undergraduate_study/programmes/politics,_philosophy_and_econo.aspx
|publisher = University of Hull
|access-date = 2009-11-02
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111008203045/http://www2.hull.ac.uk/FASS/politics_homepage/undergraduate_study/programmes/politics,_philosophy_and_econo.aspx
|archive-date = 2011-10-08
}}</ref>
*[[University of Leeds]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leeds.ac.uk/arts/coursefinder/21404/Philosophy,_Politics_and_Economics?from=20042&categoryID=/ |title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA] |publisher=leeds.ac.uk |access-date=2014-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145230/http://www.leeds.ac.uk/arts/coursefinder/21404/Philosophy,_Politics_and_Economics?from=20042&categoryID=%2F |archive-date=2014-04-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[University of Liverpool]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/philosophy-politics-economics-ba/overview/
|title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA] |publisher=liverpool.ac.uk |access-date=2017-11-01}}</ref>
*[[University of Loughborough]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/a-z/politics-philosophy-and-economics/
|title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA] |publisher=Loughborough.ac.uk |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
*[[University of Manchester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/undergraduate-courses/course-profile/?code=00154 |title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA] |publisher=Manchester.ac.uk
|access-date=2014-11-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103063315/http://www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/undergraduate-courses/course-profile/?code=00154 |archive-date=2014-11-03 }}</ref>
*[[University of Nottingham]]
*[[University of Oxford]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate_courses/courses/philosophy_politics_and_economics/philosophy_politic_4.html |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics – University of Oxford |publisher=Ox.ac.uk |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723055922/http://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate_courses/courses/philosophy_politics_and_economics/philosophy_politic_4.html |archive-date=2010-07-23 }}</ref>
*[[University of Reading]]
*[[University of Sheffield]]
*[[University of Southampton]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.southampton.ac.uk/humanities/undergraduate/courses/philosophy/v5l2-ba-philosophy-politics-and-economics-with-year-abroad.page|title=University of Southampton – BA Philosophy, Politics and Economics with Year Abroad (4 years)|access-date=2018-09-12}}</ref>
*[[University of Sussex]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/ug/2013/1668/28757#tabs-2 |title=Sussex PPE |publisher=sussex.ac.uk |access-date=2012-03-05}}</ref>
*[[University of Warwick]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/lv00/ |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics (Full-Time) |publisher=www2.warwick.ac.uk |access-date=2014-11-02 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103095503/https://warwick.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/l0v0 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[University of Winchester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winchester.ac.uk/Studyhere/Pages/ba-hons-philosophy-politics-and-economics.aspx|title=BA (Hons) Philosophy, Politics and Economics – University of Winchester|first=University of|last=Winchester|website=University of Winchester|access-date=14 May 2017|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808031509/https://www.winchester.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/courses/ba-hons-philosophy-politics-and-economics/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[University of York]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/pep/ |title=The PEP School at York |publisher=York.ac.uk |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== [[Scotland]] ====
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[University of Aberdeen]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/study/undergraduate/degree-programmes/1101/VL51/philosophy-politics-and-economics/ |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics, MA|publisher=abdn.ac.uk |access-date=2018-07-31}}</ref>
*[[University of Edinburgh]]
*[[University of the Highlands and Islands]]
*[[University of Stirling]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stir.ac.uk/undergraduate-study/course-information/courses-a-to-z/school-of-arts-and-humanities/politics,-philosophy-and-economics-ppe/|title=Study Politics, Philosophy and Economics: PPE BA Degree at University- Undergraduate Courses – Politics, Philosophy and Economics: PPE – University of Stirling|work=stir.ac.uk}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== [[Wales]] ====
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Swansea University]]<ref>[http://www.swan.ac.uk/ugcourses/artsandhumanities/BAPhilosophyPoliticsandEconomics/ ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220023431/http://www.swan.ac.uk/ugcourses/artsandhumanities/BAPhilosophyPoliticsandEconomics/ |date=December 20, 2011 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== [[Northern Ireland]] ====
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Queen's University Belfast]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/ProspectiveStudents/UndergraduateDegrees/BAPoliticsPhilosophyandEconomicsPPE/ |title=Queen's University Belfast &#124; BA Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE) |publisher=Qub.ac.uk |date=2010-03-03 |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126062337/http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/ProspectiveStudents/UndergraduateDegrees/BAPoliticsPhilosophyandEconomicsPPE/ |archive-date=2010-01-26 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== [[North America]] ===
==== [[Canada]] ====
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Mount Allison University]] (within the Frank McKenna School of Philosophy, Politics, & Economics)<ref>{{cite web |title=Mount Allison University – Philosophy, Politics, and Economics |url=https://mta.ca/current-students/frank-mckenna-school-philosophy-politics-and-economics |access-date=2014-10-03 |publisher=www.mta.ca}}
</ref>
*[[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queensu.ca/artsci/programs-and-degrees/interdisciplinary/philosophy-politics-and-economics-specialization |title=PHILOSOPHY, POLITICS & ECONOMICS SPECIALIZATION – Faculty of Arts & Science |publisher=queensu.ca |access-date=2017-06-07}}</ref>
*[[The King's University (Edmonton)|The King's University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kingsu.ca/programs/bachelor/politics-history-economics|title=Politics – History – Economics|website=www.kingsu.ca|access-date=2017-08-14}}</ref>
*[[University of British Columbia (Okanagan Campus)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://okanagan.students.ubc.ca/calendar/index.cfm?tree=18,282,857,1255 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718194402/http://okanagan.students.ubc.ca/calendar/index.cfm?tree=18,282,857,1255 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-18 |title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE) – Bachelor of Arts Programs – Faculty of Arts and Sciences – Faculties, Schools, and Colleges – Okanagan Calendar 2010/11 – UBC Student Services |publisher=Okanagan.students.ubc.ca |access-date=2010-06-02 }}</ref>
*[[University of Regina]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uregina.ca/arts/economics/programs/undergrad/ppe.html |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics Program (PPE) – Faculty of Arts – University of Regina |publisher=www.uregina.ca |access-date=2015-04-23 |archive-date=19 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419095825/https://www.uregina.ca/arts/economics/programs/undergrad/ppe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[University of Western Ontario]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westerncalendar.uwo.ca/Modules.cfm?ModuleID=21022 |title=HONORS SPECIALIZATION IN POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY AND ECONOMICS – POLITICS AND PHILOSOPHY (PPE-P) |publisher=Westerncalendar.uwo.ca |access-date=2019-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westerncalendar.uwo.ca/Modules.cfm?ModuleID=21003 |title=HONORS SPECIALIZATION IN POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY AND ECONOMICS – ECONOMICS (PPE-E) |publisher=Westerncalendar.uwo.ca |access-date=2019-09-04}}</ref>
*[[Wilfrid Laurier University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wlu.ca/page.php?grp_id=65&p=1372 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118051840/http://www.wlu.ca/page.php?grp_id=65&p=1372 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-01-18 |title=Wilfrid Laurier University – Student Recruitment Office – Academic Programs – Faculty of Arts – Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE) |publisher=Wlu.ca |access-date=2010-06-02 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== [[United States]] ====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Arizona State University]] (certificate)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://degrees.apps.asu.edu/minors/major/ASU00/LAPHPECERT/philosophy-politics-and-economics?init=false&nopassive=true | title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics – Certificate &#124; Degree Details &#124; ASU Degree Search }}</ref>
*[[Austin College]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.austincollege.edu/academics/majors-and-minors/philosophy-politics-and-economics/ |title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics – Austin College |website=Austin College |date=25 June 2018 |access-date=2019-03-01}}</ref>
*[[Belmont Abbey College]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://belmontabbeycollege.edu/academics/majors-degrees/philosophy-politics-economics/ | title=B.A. In Philosophy, Politics & Economics – Undergraduate }}</ref>
*[[Binghamton University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.binghamton.edu/philosophy-politics-and-law/index.html| title=Binghamton University :: Philosophy, Politics, and Law :: at Binghamton University | publisher=www.binghamton.edu | access-date=2018-11-07}}</ref> (under the designation of "PPL" – replacing economics with law)
*[[Bowie State University]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://catalog.bowiestate.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=17&poid=1678 | title=Program: Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, BA/BS – Bowie State University – Acalog ACMS™ }}</ref>
*[[Bowling Green State University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bgsu.edu/arts-and-sciences/philosophy-politics-economics-and-law.html|title=Bowling Green State University :: Philosophy, Politics, Economics, and Law :: The Program | publisher=bgsu.edu | access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref> (under the designation of "PPEL" – with law)
*[[Boyce College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boycecollege.com/academics/programs-of-study/bachelor-science-philosophy-politics-economics/ |title=Bachelor of Science in Philosophy, Politics, & Economics—Boyce College |publisher=boycecollege.com |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref>
*[[Bridgewater State University]] (minor)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://catalog.bridgew.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=17&poid=6395&returnto=2071 | title=Program: Philosophy, Politics and Economics Minor – Bridgewater State University – Acalog ACMS™ }}</ref>
*[[Calvin University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://calvin.edu/academics/departments-programs/politics/academics/politics-philosophy-and-economics-major |title=POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY, AND ECONOMICS MAJOR – Calvin University |publisher=calvin.edu |access-date=2023-03-21 }}</ref>
*[[Carnegie Mellon University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmu.edu/hss/ehpp/welcome.html |title=Welcome to EHPP – Ethics, History, & Public Policy – Carnegie Mellon University |publisher=cmu.edu |access-date=2013-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122054150/https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/ehpp/ |archive-date=2013-11-22 }}</ref> (under the designation "Ethics, History, and Public Policy", abbreviated "EHPP")
*[[Carroll University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carrollu.edu/programs/philpoleco/default.asp |title=Carroll University :: Philosophy, Politics and Economics :: The Program |publisher=Carrollu.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527140712/http://www.carrollu.edu/programs/philpoleco/default.asp |archive-date=2010-05-27 }}</ref>
*[[Claremont McKenna College]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.claremontmckenna.edu/ppe/ |title=Ppe At Cmc |publisher=Claremontmckenna.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |archive-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123053450/https://catalog.claremontmckenna.edu/preview_entity.php?catoid=21&ent_oid=860&returnto=2207 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Cornell University]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://experience.cornell.edu/opportunities/university-oxford | title=University of Oxford &#124; Find Your Opportunity }}</ref> (offers academic year abroad at Oxford University to study PPE)
*[[Criswell College]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.criswell.edu/academics/undergraduate-degrees/bachelor-of-arts-in-philosophy-politics-economics/ |title=Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics—Criswell College |publisher=criswell.edu |access-date=2016-03-28 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125210620/https://www.criswell.edu/academics/undergraduate-degrees/bachelor-of-arts-in-philosophy-politics-economics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Dallas Baptist University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dbu.edu/undergraduate-programs/ba-bs-politics-philosophy-economics/|title=Politics, Philosophy, and Economics Major (BA/BS) &#124; Undergraduate Programs &#124; Dallas Baptist University|website=www.dbu.edu}}</ref>
*[[Dartmouth College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://govt.dartmouth.edu/undergraduate/majorminor|title=Major/Minor|date=7 March 2014}}</ref> (under the modified major of "Politics, Philosophy, and the Economy")
*[[Denison University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denison.edu/academics/departments/about_ppe.html |title=About Philosophy, Politics and Economics – Denison University |publisher=Denison.edu |date=2008-06-09 |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529201604/https://www.denison.edu/academics/departments/about_ppe.html |archive-date=May 29, 2010 }}</ref>
*[[Drexel University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://drexel.edu/coas/news-events/news/2019/April/new-interdisciplinary-major-in-philosophy-politics-economics/ |title=CoAS to Offer New Interdisciplinary Major in Philosophy, Politics & Economics |publisher=drexel.edu |date=2019-04-29 |access-date=2019-05-01}}</ref>
*[[Duke University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://polisci.duke.edu/undergraduate/ppe-certificate |title=Political Science: PPE Certificate |publisher=Polisci.duke.edu |access-date=2013-09-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813081105/http://polisci.duke.edu/undergraduate/ppe-certificate |archive-date=2013-08-13 }}</ref> (certificate)
*[[Eastern Oregon University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eou.edu/catalog/catalog_02/philpolecon.html |title=EOU's General Catalog |publisher=Eou.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528001432/http://www.eou.edu/catalog/catalog_02/philpolecon.html |archive-date=2010-05-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eou.edu/%7Ejjohnson/ppehomejeff.htm |title=Eastern Oregon University |publisher=Eou.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527175824/http://www.eou.edu/%7Ejjohnson/ppehomejeff.htm |archive-date=2010-05-27 }}</ref>
*[[Elon University]] (minor)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.elon.edu/u/academics/arts-and-sciences/ppe/ | title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics }}</ref>
*[[Emory & Henry College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ehc.edu/|title=Welcome to one of the best small, private liberal arts colleges :: Emory & Henry College|work=ehc.edu}}</ref>
*[[Florida State University]] (minor)<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://cosspp.fsu.edu/philosophy-politics-and-economics/ | title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics }} </ref>
*[[George Mason University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ppe.gmu.edu/|title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics|work=gmu.edu}}</ref>
*[[Georgia State University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://philosophy.gsu.edu/?page_id=4626|title=404 Page – Philosophy at Georgia State}}</ref>
*[[Indiana University of Pennsylvania]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://catalog.iup.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=6&poid=2676&returnto=843 | title=Program: Philosophy/Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE), BA – Indiana University of Pennsylvania – Acalog ACMS™ }}</ref>
*[[Juniata College]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juniata.edu/services/catalog/section.html?courses+ppe |title=Juniata College Catalog |publisher=Juniata.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |archive-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322234933/http://legacy.juniata.edu/services/catalog/section.html?courses+ppe |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[The King's College (New York)|The King's College]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tkc.edu/academics/ppe |title=The King's College – Politics, Philosophy and Economics |access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref>
*[[La Salle University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lasalle.edu/political-science-philosophy-economics/ |title=Political Science, Philosophy, and Economics – La Salle University %7c Philadelphia, Pa. |publisher=www.lasalle.edu |access-date=2019-03-05 }}</ref>
*[[Liberty University]] (online)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.liberty.edu/online/arts-and-sciences/bachelors/philosophy-politics-and-economics/ | title=BS in Philosophy, Politics, & Economics &#124; Liberty University | date=13 October 2023 }}</ref>
*[[Mercer University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cla.mercer.edu/majors-minors/ppe/ |title=College of Liberal Arts: Philosophy, Politics and Economics |publisher=Mercer University |access-date=26 May 2013 }}</ref>
*[[Minnesota State University, Mankato]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mnsu.edu/philosophy/ppe.html |title=Department of Philosophy – Minnesota State University, Mankato |publisher=Mnsu.edu |date=2006-10-11 |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref>
*[[Mount St. Mary's University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msmary.edu/College_of_liberal_arts/Undergraduate-Programs/philosophy-politics-economics/index.html|title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE)|publisher=msmary.edu |date=2018-01-19 |access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref>
*[[Murphy Institute]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://murphy.tulane.edu/undergraduate|title=Undergraduate Program in Political Economy %7c The Murphy Institute|access-date=2019-03-05}}</ref> (Tulane University, under the designation "Political Economy")
*[[Northeastern University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northeastern.edu/cssh/ppe/|title=Politics, Philosophy, and Economics|work=Northeastern University College of Social Sciences and Humanities|access-date=9 June 2016|archive-date=3 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903120525/https://cssh.northeastern.edu/ppe/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Northwest Nazarene University]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nnu.edu/degrees/undergraduate/bachelor-of-arts/politics-philosophy-and-economics | title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics }}</ref>
*[[Ohio Northern University]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.onu.edu/academics/philosophy-politics-and-economics | title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics }}</ref>
*[[Ohio State University]]<!--Wikipedians do not use "The" as part of Ohio State's name; it is considered a marketing gimmick, and routinely deleted.--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://undergrad.osu.edu/majors-and-academics/majors/detail/342|title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics – The Ohio State University|website=undergrad.osu.edu|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref>
*[[Ottawa University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottawa.edu/academics/degree-programs/undergraduate/ppe|title=&#124; Undergraduate Degree Program &#124; Ottawa University}}</ref>
*[[Palm Beach Atlantic University]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pba.edu/academics/programs/philosophy-politics-economics.html | title=Philosophy, Politics & Economics, B.A. &#124; Palm Beach Atlantic University }}</ref>
*[[Pomona College]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pomona.edu/academics/departments/philosophy-politics-economics|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827085557/http://ppe.pomona.edu/curriculum/|url-status=dead|title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics Program &#124; Pomona College in Claremont, California – Pomona College|date=22 May 2015|archivedate=27 August 2009|website=www.pomona.edu}}</ref>
*[[Rhodes College]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rhodes.edu/academics/majors-minors/philosophy-politics-economics | title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics &#124; Rhodes College }}</ref>
*[[Rutgers University–New Brunswick]] (certificate)
*[[Seattle Pacific University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spu.edu/academics/school-of-business-and-economics/undergraduate-programs/majors/PPE|title = Politics, Philosophy, & Economics Major &#124; Seattle Pacific University}}</ref>
*[[Siena Heights University]] (certificate)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://catalog.sienaheights.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=9&poid=2134&returnto=556 | title=Program: Philosophy, Politics and Economics Certificate – Siena Heights University – Acalog ACMS™ }}</ref>
*[[Spring Hill College]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.shc.edu/academics/by-subject/humanities-degrees/bs-in-philosophy-politics-and-economics/ | title=Philosophy, Politics & Economics Bachelor Degree &#124; Spring Hill College }}</ref>
*[[St. John's University (New York)|St. John's University]] (master's degree)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stjohns.edu/academics/programs/philosophy-politics-and-economics-master-arts | title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, Master of Arts }}</ref>
*[[State University of New York at Oswego]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.oswego.edu/programs/undergraduate/philosophy-politics-and-economics-ba | title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics BA &#124; SUNY Oswego Academic Programs }}</ref>
*[[Suffolk University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.suffolk.edu/cas/degrees-programs/interdisciplinary-programs/undergraduate/politics-philosophy-economics-major|title = Politics, Philosophy & Economics Major – Suffolk University}}</ref>
*[[Swarthmore College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swarthmore.edu/philosophy/ppe-special-major|title = Philosophy, Philosophy & Economics (PPE) Special Major – Swarthmore College| date=21 June 2021 }}</ref>
*[[Taylor University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.taylor.edu/majors/political-science-philosophy-economics|title=PPE Degree – Taylor University|work=taylor.edu}}</ref>
*[[Texas Tech University]] (as a concentration of an Honor Sciences and the Humanities degree)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ttu.edu/majors-and-colleges/undergraduate-majors/ | title=Undergraduate Majors Recommended Course Sequence &#124; Majors & Colleges &#124; TTU }}</ref>
*[[Transylvania University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transy.edu/academics/programs/philosophy-politics-economics |title=Transylvania University – Program Overview |publisher=Transy.edu |access-date=2015-05-08}}</ref>
*[[University of Akron]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uakron.edu/advising/docs/3904.pdf |title=Philosophy, Political Science, Economy Curriculum |access-date=2010-02-19 |publisher=Academic Advising Center, University of Akron |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715152959/http://www.uakron.edu/advising/docs/3904.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-15 }}</ref>
*[[University of Alabama at Birmingham]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uab.edu/philosophy/philosophy-and-political-economy |title=The PPE Concentration |access-date=2011-06-24 |publisher=Dept. of Philosophy, University of Alabama at Birmingham |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403012253/http://www.uab.edu/philosophy/philosophy-and-political-economy |archive-date=2013-04-03 }}</ref> (as a concentration of an Economics degree)<ref>"https://www.uab.edu/business/home/undergraduate/economics-major"</ref>
*[[University of Arizona]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.u.arizona.edu/~ggaus/index.html |title=Philosophy, Politics, Economics, and Law |publisher=U.arizona.edu |access-date=2012-05-26 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413180842/http://www.u.arizona.edu/~ggaus/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> (under the designation "PPEL" – with law)
*[[University at Buffalo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arts-sciences.buffalo.edu/philosophy-politics-economics |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics |publisher=buffalo.edu}}</ref>
*[[University of California, Berkeley]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://guide.berkeley.edu/undergraduate/degree-programs/politics-philosophy-law/ |title=Politics, Philosophy, and Law |publisher=berkeley.edu |access-date=2024-01-07}}</ref> (minor, under the designation "PPL" – replacing economics with law)
*[[University of California, Irvine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ppe.socsci.uci.edu |title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics (4+1 M.A.)|publisher=uci.edu}}</ref>
*The [[University of Idaho]] (minor)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://catalog.uidaho.edu/colleges-related-units/letters-arts-social-sciences/politics-philosophy/philosophy-politics-and-economics-minor/ | title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics Minor < University of Idaho }}</ref>
*[[University of Iowa]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clas.uiowa.edu/ethics |title=Ethics & Public Policy: Path to Your Future %7c Ethics & Public Policy |publisher=uiowa.edu |access-date=2019-03-05}}</ref> (under the designation "Ethics & Public Policy")
*The [[University of Louisville]] (minor)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://catalog.louisville.edu/undergraduate/minors/ppe-minor/ | title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (Minor) < University of Louisville }}</ref>
*[[University of Maryland]]
*[[University of Michigan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lsa.umich.edu/bulletin/chapter6/ppe/conc |title=College of Literature, Science, and the Arts: Students :: PPE Concentration |publisher=lsa.umich.edu |access-date=2012-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805080154/http://www.lsa.umich.edu/bulletin/chapter6/ppe/conc |archive-date=2012-08-05 }}</ref> (honors program)
*[[University of Minnesota Morris]] (as a concentration of a Philosophy degree)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://umm.catalog.prod.coursedog.com/programs/065220227 | title=UMN Morris Catalog }}</ref>
*[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] (minor)<ref>[http://ppe.unc.edu/ Philosophy, Politics & Economics]. Ppe.unc.edu. Retrieved on 2013-08-12.</ref>
*[[University of Notre Dame]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://philosophy.nd.edu/undergraduate-program/minor/#politics |title=Department of Philosophy // University of Notre Dame |publisher=Philosophy.nd.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609215650/http://philosophy.nd.edu/undergraduate-program/minor/#politics |archive-date=2010-06-09 }}</ref> (minor)
*[[University of Pennsylvania]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sas.upenn.edu/ppe/index.html |title=PPE at The University of Pennsylvania |publisher=Sas.upenn.edu |access-date=2010-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613113235/http://www.sas.upenn.edu/ppe/index.html |archive-date=2010-06-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[University of Pittsburgh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.honorscollege.pitt.edu/courses/politics-philos.html |title=Politics and Philosophy Major |publisher=honorscollege.pitt.edu |access-date=2010-09-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609114914/http://www.honorscollege.pitt.edu/courses/politics-philos.html |archive-date=2010-06-09 }}</ref>
*[[University of Richmond]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ppel.richmond.edu|title=Philosophy, Politics, Economics, and Law – University of Richmond School of Arts & Sciences|date=4 March 2015|work=richmond.edu}}</ref> (under the designation "PPEL" – with law)<ref>"https://ppel.richmond.edu/"</ref>
*[[University of Rochester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sas.rochester.edu/psc/undergraduate/major-ppe.html|title=Major in Politics, Philosophy, and Economics (BA)|date=12 November 2021|work=rochester.edu}}</ref>
*[[University of San Diego]] (minor)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sandiego.edu/cas/philosophy-politics-economics/curriculum/ | title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics Curriculum – College of Arts and Sciences – University of San Diego }}</ref>
*[[University of Sioux Falls]] (as "Philosophy, Economics, and Political Theory")<ref>https://www.usiouxfalls.edu/academics/philosophy-economics-and-political-theory {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
*[[University of Southern California]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://catalogue.usc.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=14&poid=17669&returnto=5303|title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (BA)|date=7 September 2022}}</ref>
*[[University of Virginia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ppl.virginia.edu/|title=Political Philosophy, Policy, and Law – University of Virginia|work=virginia.edu}}</ref> (under the designation "PPL" – replacing economics with law)
*[[University of Washington Bothell]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uwb.edu/laweconpubpolicy#page=page-1 |title=Law, Economics & Public Policy (LEPP) – UW Bothell |publisher=uwb.edu |access-date=2019-03-05 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420165731/https://www.uwb.edu/laweconpubpolicy#page=page-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (under the designation "Law, Economics & Public Policy", abbreviated "LEPP")
*[[University of Washington Tacoma]]<ref>[http://www.tacoma.washington.edu/ias/academics/ba/ppe/politics_philosophy_economics.cfm ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217022816/http://www.tacoma.washington.edu/ias/academics/ba/ppe/politics_philosophy_economics.cfm |date=December 17, 2011 }}</ref>
*[[University of Wisconsin]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.wisc.edu/undergraduate/letters-science/political-science/political-economy-philosophy-politics-certificate/#text/|title=Political Economy, Philosophy, and Politics, Certificate < University of Wisconsin-Madison|website=guide.wisc.edu}}</ref> Political Economy, Politics and Philosophy (certificate program)
*[[Utah State University]] (certificate)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.usu.edu/degrees-majors/philosophy-politics-and-economics_cp | title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics – CP }}</ref>
*[[Villanova University]] (honors program and honors minor)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www1.villanova.edu/university/academic-enterprise/honors/prospective/learning-cohorts/ppe.html | title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics &#124; Villanova University }}</ref>
*[[Virginia Tech]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ppe.liberalarts.vt.edu/ |title=Kellogg Center for Philosophy, Politics, and Economics |publisher=Kellogg Center |access-date=2020-12-02}}</ref> (offers both a major and a minor in PPE)
*[[Wabash College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wabash.edu/academics/ppe |title=Wabash College: Philosophy, Politics, and Economics Crawfordsville, Indiana |publisher=wabash.edu |access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref>
*[[Wesleyan University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wesleyan.edu/css/about.html |title=Wesleyan University – College of Social Studies |publisher=Wesleyan.edu |access-date=2011-04-17}}</ref> (under the designation "College of Social Studies")
*[[Western Washington University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwu.edu/majors/politicsphilosophyeconomics-ba |title=Politics/Philosophy/Economics, BA |publisher=Wwu.edu |access-date=2013-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101023124/http://www.wwu.edu/majors/politicsphilosophyeconomics-ba |archive-date=2014-01-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Wheaton College (Illinois)|Wheaton College]] (certificate)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://catalog.wheaton.edu/undergraduate/arts-sciences/politics-international-relations/politics-philosophy-economics-certificate/ | title=Politics, Philosophy, and Economics Certificate < Wheaton College, IL }}</ref>
*[[Wheeling University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wju.edu/academics/bus/iscm/pepmajor.asp |title=Political & Economic Philosophy Major – Wheeling Jesuit University |publisher=Wju.edu |access-date=2015-05-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519113955/http://www.wju.edu/academics/bus/iscm/pepmajor.asp |archive-date=2007-05-19 }}</ref> (under the designation "political and economic philosophy")
*[[Xavier University]] (under the designation "Philosophy, Politics, and the Public", abbreviated "PPP")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xavier.edu/philosophy-politics-and-the-public/ |title=Philosophy, Politics, and the Public; Xavier University |publisher=xavier.edu |access-date=2016-06-14}}</ref>
*[[Yale University]] (under the designation "ethics, politics and economics", abbreviated "EP&E")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/epe/ |title=Program in Ethics, Politics and Economics &#124; Yale University |publisher=Yale.edu |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== [[Africa]] ===
==== [[South Africa]] ====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Stellenbosch University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Maties/English/Undergraduate%20Prospectus/Arts/Specialised%20Programmes/BA_PPE|title=Error|work=sun.ac.za|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722003807/http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Maties/English/Undergraduate%20Prospectus/Arts/Specialised%20Programmes/BA_PPE|archive-date=2011-07-22}}</ref>
*[[University of Cape Town]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commerce.uct.ac.za/Economics/Programmes/undergraduate_programmes/ppe.asp |title=Philosophy, Politics & Economics (PPE) Programme |access-date=2009-04-21 |publisher=School of Economics, University of Cape Town |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415110240/http://www.commerce.uct.ac.za/Economics/Programmes/undergraduate_programmes/ppe.asp |archive-date=2009-04-15 }}</ref>
*[[University of KwaZulu-Natal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/faculty/hdss.asp |title=University of KwaZulu-Natal – Faculties – Humanities, Development and Social Sciences |publisher=Ukzn.ac.za |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415140531/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/faculty/hdss.asp |archive-date=April 15, 2010 }}</ref>
*[[University of South Africa]]<ref>[http://www.unisa.ac.za/qualifications/index.asp?link=http://www.unisa.ac.za/qualifications/Qualifications/02291PPE.html Qualification stream: Philosophy, Politics and Economics], unisa.ac.za. Accessed 2014-06-19.</ref>
*[[University of Johannesburg]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uj.ac.za/EN/Faculties/humanities/departments/politicsandinternationalrelations/programmes/Undergraduate/Pages/home.aspx,|title=uj.ac.za. Accessed 2015-09-12.}}</ref>
*[[University of Witwatersrand]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wits.ac.za/academic/humanities/socialsciences/philosophy/8640/ppe_degree.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514022123/http://www.wits.ac.za/academic/humanities/socialsciences/philosophy/8640/ppe_degree.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-05-14|title=Accessed 2015-11-10}}</ref>
*[[University of Pretoria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.up.ac.za/|title=Higher Education – University of Pretoria|website=www.up.ac.za}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== [[Nigeria]] ====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Obafemi Awolowo University]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oauife.edu.ng/faculties/soc_sciences/pol_sci/index.htm |title=Department of Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife |publisher=Oauife.edu.ng |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926130153/http://www.oauife.edu.ng/faculties/soc_sciences/pol_sci/index.htm |archive-date=2010-09-26 }}</ref>
*[[Afe Babalola University]],<ref>{{cite web |author=abuad.edu.ng |url=http://www.abuad.edu.ng/College/soc_sciences/pol_sci/index.htm |title=Department of Political Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti |publisher=abuad.edu.ng |access-date=2010-06-01 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== [[Oceania]] ===
==== [[Australia]] ====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Australian National University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://studyat.anu.edu.au/programs/3133XBPPE;overview.html |title=ANU – STUDY 2012 – Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics |publisher=ANU |access-date=2012-03-25 |archive-date=10 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310110439/http://programsandcourses.anu.edu.au/program/BPPE |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Deakin University]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bachelor of Politics, Philosophy and Economics |url=https://www.deakin.edu.au/course/bachelor-politics-philosophy-and-economics |publisher=Deakin University |access-date=20 January 2023}}</ref>
*[[La Trobe University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latrobe.edu.au/handbook/2013/undergraduate/fbel/courses/lppe.htm|title=Bachelor of Politics, Philosophy and Economics – La Trobe University|date=2010-05-06|publisher=La Trobe University|access-date=2013-09-20}}</ref>
*[[University of Adelaide]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/degree-finder/2018/bppe_bphilpolec.html |title= Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics |access-date=2018-04-30}}</ref>
*[[University of New South Wales]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arts.unsw.edu.au/future-students/undergraduate/degrees/politics-philosophy-and-economics/ |title= Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics |access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref>
*[[University of Sydney]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sydney.edu.au/courses/courses/uc/bachelor-of-politics-philosophy-and-economics.html |title= Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics |access-date=2024-08-28}}</ref>
*[[University of Queensland]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://future-students.uq.edu.au/study/program/Bachelor-of-Politics-Philosophy-and-Economics-Honours-2412|title=Bachelor of Politics, Philosophy and Economics (Honours) – Future Students – University of Queensland|website=future-students.uq.edu.au|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref>
*[[University of Technology, Sydney]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://handbook.uts.edu.au/subjects/23580.html|title=University of Technology, Sydney|last=Sydney|first=University of Technology|website=handbook.uts.edu.au|language=en|access-date=2017-04-24}}</ref>
*[[University of Western Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://study.uwa.edu.au/Courses/Philosophy-Politics--Economics|title=Philosophy, Politics & Economics|access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref>
*[[University of Wollongong]]
*[[Murdoch University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://handbook.murdoch.edu.au/units/details?unit=PHL204&year=2019|title=Murdoch University: Handbook {{!}} Unit Details {{!}} PHL204 Philosophy, Politics, Economics|website=handbook.murdoch.edu.au|access-date=2019-03-17|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403162502/https://handbook.murdoch.edu.au/units/details?unit=PHL204&year=2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> (appears as a unit in Philosophy (BA) or Ethics minor)
*[[Monash University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.monash.edu/study/courses/find-a-course/2020/politics,-philosophy-and-economics-a2010|title=Politics, Philosophy and Economics – A2010}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== [[New Zealand]] ====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[University of Canterbury]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.canterbury.ac.nz/study/academic-study/subjects/philosophy-politics-and-economics | title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics &#124; University of Canterbury | date=7 October 2023 }}</ref>
*[[University of Otago]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.otago.ac.nz/ppe|title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics programme Home|website=www.otago.ac.nz|access-date=2016-05-19}}</ref>
*[[Victoria University of Wellington]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.victoria.ac.nz/explore/postgraduate-programmes/master-of-philosophy-politics-and-economics/overview|title=Victoria University of Wellington|website=www.victoria.ac.nz|language=en|access-date=2017-10-06}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== [[Europe]] ===
==== [[Northern Europe]] ====
===== [[Iceland]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Bifröst University]], Iceland<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bifrost.is/english/academics/faculty-of-social-sciences/ba-in-ppe/ |title=Háskólinn á Bifröst – BA in PPE |publisher=Bifrost.is |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003071135/http://www.bifrost.is/english/academics/faculty-of-social-sciences/ba-in-ppe/ |archive-date=2010-10-03 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===== [[Sweden]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Lund University]], Sweden<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.fil.lu.se/en/education/kandidatprogram-ppe/|title=Kandidatprogram|work=lu.se|access-date=2013-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101045217/http://www.fil.lu.se/en/education/kandidatprogram-ppe/|archive-date=2014-01-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Stockholm University]], Sweden
*[[Södertörn University]], Sweden<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sh.se/program--kurser/program/grund/filosofi-politik-och-ekonomi | title=Filosofi, politik och ekonomi }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== [[Southern Europe]] ====
===== [[Italy]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Ca' Foscari University of Venice]], Italy (under the designation of "Philosophy, International Studies and Economics" abbreviated "PISE", more recently "Philosophy, International and Economic Studies")
*[[Free University of Bolzano]], Italy
*[[Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli]], Rome (Italy)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.luiss.it/|title=Il nostro mondo ti piacerà|publisher=LUISS Guido Carli|access-date=2012-10-22}}</ref>
*[[University of Milan]], Italy (BA International Politics, Law, and Economics, MA Politics, Philosophy, and Public Affairs )<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.unimi.it/it/corsi/corsi-di-laurea/international-politics-law-and-economics-iple |title=IPLE| publisher=www.unimi.it |date=2020-04-21 |access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unimi.it/it/corsi/corsi-di-laurea/politics-philosophy-and-public-affairs-pppa|title=PPPA|publisher=www.unimi.it| date=2020-04-21| access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref>
* [[University of Bari]], Italy (University Master Programme, 'Philosophy, Politics and Economics in Med')<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.uniba.it/it/master-universitari/ppe/1 | title=Master in Philosophy, Politics and Economics in Med (PPE) }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===== [[Spain]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Charles III University of Madrid]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uc3m.es/ss/Satellite/Grado/en/Detalle/Estudio_C/1371212503255/1371212987094/Bachelor_s_Degree_in_Philosophy,_Politics_and_Economics |title=Bachelor's Degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=Charles III University of Madrid}}</ref> [[Autonomous University of Madrid]], [[Autonomous University of Barcelona]] and [[Pompeu Fabra University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uc3m.es/ss/Satellite/Grado/en/Detalle/Estudio_C/1371212503255/1371212987094/Bachelor_s_Degree_in_Philosophy,_Politics_and_Economics |title=Bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=Pompeu Fabra University}}</ref> (alliance of four universities), Spain
*[[Ramon Llull University]], [[Barcelona]], Spain<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filosofia.url.edu/estudis/grau-filosofia-pol%C3%ADtica-i-economia/presentaci%C3%B3|title=Bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=Ramon Llull University}}</ref>
*[[Comillas Pontifical University]], Madrid<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comillas.edu/es/grados/grado-en-filosofia-politica-y-economia-online-interuniversitario-comillas-y-deusto |title=Bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=Comillas Pontifical University}}</ref> ([[joint degree]]), Spain
*[[Francisco de Vitoria University]], Spain<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufv.es/estudiar-grado-filosofia-politica-y-economia-madrid/|title=Grado Filosofía, Política y Economía. Estudiar Carrera en Madrid. Triple Grado FPE.UFV}}</ref>
*[[University of Navarra]], Spain<ref>{{cite web |title=Grado en Filosofía, Política y Economía |url=https://www.unav.edu/web/grado-en-filosofia-politica-y-economia |website=unav.edu |access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref>
*[[University of Deusto]], Basque Country, Spain<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deusto.es/cs/Satellite/deusto/en/undergraduate-new-students/studies-undergraduates/ba-in-philosophy-politics-and-economy-/programa|title=BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=University of Deusto}}</ref>
*[[IE University]], Madrid, Spain<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ie.edu/university/studies/academic-programs/bachelor-philosophy-politics-law-economics-pple/|title=Bachelor in Philosophy, Politics, Law and Economics|publisher=IE University}}</ref> (offered together with Law)
{{div col end}}

===== [[Portugal]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon (Politics, Economy and Society)
*Catholic University of Lisbon – Human Sciences university<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fch.lisboa.ucp.pt/pt-pt/licenciaturas/programas/licenciatura-em-filosofia-politica-e-economia-ppe |access-date=21 April 2022|title=Licenciatura em Filosofia, Política e Economia (PPE) |date=9 November 2020 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===== [[Turkey]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Ankara University]], Turkey(Politics and Economics, still abbreviated as PPE)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ppe.ankara.edu.tr/|title=Department of Politics and Economics – Faculty of Political Sciences (Mülkiye), Ankara University|date=28 July 2022}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== [[Western Europe]] ====
===== [[Austria]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Central European University]], Vienna, Austria
*[[University of Vienna]], Austria (MA [[Philosophy and economics|Philosophy and Economics]], P&E)
*[[University of Salzburg]], Austria
*[[University of Graz]], Austria (under the designation of MA "political, economic and legal philosophy" abbreviated "PELP")<ref>{{cite web |url=http://political-economic-legal-philosophy.uni-graz.at/ |title=Master Political, Economic and Legal Philosophy (PELP) |access-date=2012-10-29 |publisher=Department of Philosophy, University of Graz}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===== [[Belgium]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[UCLouvain]], Belgium<ref name="UCL">{{cite web|url=https://uclouvain.be/fr/facultes/espo/bachelor-in-philosophy-politics-economics.html|title=Bachelier en sciences philosophique, politique et économique – PPE|work=uclouvain.be|access-date=2020-05-14|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411040729/https://uclouvain.be/fr/facultes/espo/bachelor-in-philosophy-politics-economics.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===== [[France]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[American University of Paris]], France <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aup.edu/academics/undergraduate/majors/philosophy-politics-economics | title=Philosophy, Politics & Economics | date=11 November 2016 }}</ref>
*[[Sciences Po]], France
*[[European School of Political and Social Sciences]], France
{{div col end}}

===== [[Germany]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Karlshochschule International University]], Germany, offers both a BA in Politics, Philosophy & Economics "PPE" as well as a MA in "Social Transformation: PPE".
*[[Bard College Berlin]], Germany (under the designation of BA "Economics, Politics and Social Thought" abbreviated "EPST")<ref>{{cite web |url=https://berlin.bard.edu/academics/economics-politics-and-social-thought/|title= Economics, Politics and Social Thought (EPST) |access-date=2022-05-21 |publisher=Bard College Berlin}}</ref>
*[[Frankfurt School of Finance & Management]], Germany (under the designation of B.Sc. "Management, Philosophy & Economics" abbreviated "MPE")<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.frankfurt-school.de/en/home/programmes/bachelor/bachelor-science/bsc-managementphilosophyeconomics//|title= Management, Philosophy & Economics (MPE) |access-date=2022-07-04 |publisher=Frankfurt School of Finance & Management}}</ref>
*[[University of Bayreuth]], Germany (Philosophy and Economics, P&E)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://translate.google.de/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=de&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&sl=de&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fpe.uni-bayreuth.de%2F&act=url |title=Philosophy & Economics – Bachelor and Master programmes |access-date=2011-02-02 |publisher=Faculty of Law, Business Administration and Economics, University of Bayreuth}}</ref>
*[[University of Hamburg]], Germany (under the designation of M.Sc. "politics, economics and philosophy" abbreviated "PEP")<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/fachbereiche/vwl/studium/pep-msc/program-description/ |title=Master Program Politics, Economics and Philosophy (M.Sc.) |publisher=University of Hamburg |access-date=2013-02-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507081036/http://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/fachbereiche/vwl/studium/pep-msc/program-description/ |archive-date=2013-05-07 }}</ref>
*[[Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf|Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf]], Germany (Bachelor since 2018/ Master starting in 2023) <ref>https://www.ppe.hhu.de/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
*[[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]], Germany<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ppw.philosophie.lmu.de/index.html |title=Executive-Masterstudiengang Philosophie, Politik, Wirtschaft |publisher=lmu.de |access-date=2010-05-21}}</ref>
*[[Witten/Herdecke University]] (bachelor and master), Germany<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-wh.de/wirtschaft/philosophie-politik-und-oekonomik-ba/|title=PPÖ – Philosophie, Politik und Ökonomik (B.A.)|first=Uni|last=Witten/Herdecke|date=11 December 2017}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===== [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[National University of Ireland, Maynooth]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://philosophy.nuim.ie/student-information/undergraduates/ppe |title=Philosophy, Politics, and Economics |publisher=Philosophy NUIM |access-date=2012-12-04 |archive-date=25 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025105537/https://www.maynoothuniversity.ie/philosophy |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[University College Dublin|UCD, National University of Ireland]]
*[[Trinity College Dublin|Trinity College, The University of Dublin]]
{{div col end}}

===== [[The Netherlands]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Utrecht University]](Honours College)<ref>{{cite web |title=Utrecht University |url=https://www.uu.nl/en/bachelors/philosophy-politics-and-economics}}</ref>
*[[Leiden University]], Netherlands<ref>{{cite web|title=MA programme in Philosophy, specialisation Philosophy, Politics and Economics|url=http://en.mastersinleiden.nl/programmes/philosophy-politics-and-economics/en/introduction|website=Masters in Leiden|publisher=Leiden University, Faculty of Humanities|access-date=14 November 2014}}</ref>
*[[University of Amsterdam]], Netherlands under the designation: PPLE, Politics, Psychology, Law and Economics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uva.nl/en/education/bachelor-s/bachelor-s-programmes/content/politics-psychology-law-and-economics/politics-psychology-law-and-economics.html|title=PPLE (in English)|author=Universiteit van Amsterdam|work=uva.nl|access-date=2015-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227124927/http://www.uva.nl/en/education/bachelor-s/bachelor-s-programmes/content/politics-psychology-law-and-economics/politics-psychology-law-and-economics.html|archive-date=2015-02-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[VU Amsterdam]], Netherlands, Bachelor's Philosophy, Politics and Economics<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vu.nl/en/education/bachelor/philosophy-politics-and-economics|title=Bachelor Philosophy, Politics and Economics|website=VU Amsterdam}}</ref> at the John Stuart Mill College<ref>{{cite web| url=https://vu.nl/en/about-vu/faculties/faculty-of-humanities/departments/john-stuart-mill-college|title=John Stuart Mill College|website=John Stuart Mill college}}</ref>
*[[Erasmus University College]], Netherlands, under the designation, Bachelor of Liberal Arts and Science – Major in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) – and a Research Master in Philosophy and Economics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eur.nl/en/euc/education/curriculum/majors#philosophy-politics-economics | title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics Major | date=8 September 2023 }}</ref>
*[[University of Groningen]], Netherlands, Master's Philosophy, Politics and Economics <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rug.nl/masters/philosophy-politics-and-economics/?lang=en | title=Philosophy, Politics and Economics | date=22 November 2016 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===== [[Switzerland]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[University of Zurich]], Switzerland (under the designation of MA "economic and political philosophy")<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipz.uzh.ch/studium/MA/tracks/ppe.html |title=Politische Ökonomie und Philosophie |access-date=2013-08-09 |publisher=Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zurich |archive-date=23 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923052555/https://www.ipz.uzh.ch/de/studium/MA/tracks/ppe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[University of Bern]], Switzerland (under the designation of MA "political, legal and economic philosophy" abbreviated "PLEP")<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philosophie.unibe.ch/plep |title=Master Political, Legal and Economic Philosophy (PLEP) |access-date=2011-08-22 |publisher=Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bern}}</ref>
*[[University of Lucerne]], Switzerland<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unilu.ch/eng/studiengang-ppe_998334.html|title=Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|publisher=University of Lucerne|access-date=2013-06-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101022255/http://www.unilu.ch/eng/studiengang-ppe_998334.html|archive-date=2014-01-01}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== [[Eastern Europe]] ====
===== [[Czech Republic]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[CEVRO Institute]], Prague, Czech Republic
*[[Charles University]], Prague, Czech Republic, [https://fsv.cuni.cz/en/admissions/bachelors-degrees/politics-philosophy-and-economics-ppe BA] & [https://fsv.cuni.cz/en/ieps MA] programs<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fsv.cuni.cz/en/ieps|title=MA in IEPS and BA in PPE |publisher=Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===== [[Hungary]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Corvinus University of Budapest]], Budapest, Hungary
*[[University of Pécs]], Pécs, Hungary
{{div col end}}

=====Others=====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[University of Bucharest]], Romania (Master's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics)
*[[National Research University – Higher School of Economics]], (Masters in Politics, Economics, Philosophy), Moscow, Russia
*[[Ukrainian Catholic University]], [[Lviv]], [[Ukraine]] (under the designation "Ethics. Politics. Economics", abbreviated "EPE")
*[[American University of Armenia]], (Minor in Philosophy, Politics, & Economics, abbreviated as PPE), Yerevan, Armenia
{{div col end}}

=== [[Asia]] ===
==== [[East Asia]] ====
===== [[People's Republic of China]] =====
====== [[Mainland China]] ======
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Tsinghua University]], [[Beijing]], China
*[[Peking University]],<ref>[http://yuanpei.pku.edu.cn/shownews.php?nid=400 北京大学元培学院] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322100442/http://yuanpei.pku.edu.cn/shownews.php?nid=400 |date=2012-03-22 }}. Yuanpei.pku.edu.cn (2009-11-10). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.</ref> [[Beijing]], China
*[[Renmin University of China]],<ref>[http://ppe.ruc.edu.cn/ 中国人民大学PPE]. Ppe.ruc.edu.cn Retrieved on 2016-08-18.</ref> [[Beijing]], China
*[[Beijing Normal University]], [[Beijing]], China
*[[Fudan University]], [[Shanghai]], China
*[[Nankai University]], [[Tianjin]], China
*[[Wuhan University]], [[Wuhan]], China
*[[Zhongnan University of Economics and Law]], [[Wuhan]], China
*[[Shandong University]], [[Jinan]], China
*[[Inner Mongolia University]], [[Hohhot]], China
{{div col end}}

====== [[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]] ======
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Hang Seng University of Hong Kong]]
{{div col end}}

===== [[South Korea|Korea]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Seoul National University]], S. Korea
*[[Korea University]], S. Korea
*[[Kyungpook National University]], S. Korea<ref>[https://philosophy.knu.ac.kr/]. https://philosophy.knu.ac.kr. Retrieved on 2022-05-11.</ref>
*[[Sungkyunkwan University]], S. Korea<ref>[https://gld.skku.edu/gld/under/under_intro.do?lang=Korean]. https://gld.skku.edu. Retrieved on 2024-09-20.</ref>
*[[Sogang University]], S. Korea
*[[Hanyang University]]<ref>[http://www.hanyang.ac.kr/english/ Hanyang University]. Hanyang.ac.kr. Retrieved on 2016-02-01.</ref> (under the designation "PPEL" – with law), S. Korea
*[[Yonsei University]], S. Korea
{{div col end}}

===== [[Japan]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Keio University]], Japan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.keio.ac.jp/ |title=Faculty of Law, Keio University|access-date=2024-09-20}}</ref>
*[[University of Kyoto]], Japan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://law.kyoto-u.ac.jp/about/koza/ |title=Faculty of Law, The University of Kyoto|access-date=2024-09-20}}</ref>
*[[University of Tokyo]], Japan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.j.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/ |title=Graduate Schools for Law and Politics, Faculty of Law, The University of Tokyo|access-date=2024-09-20}}</ref>
*[[Waseda University]], Japan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waseda.jp/seikei/seikei/english/index-e.html |title=School of Political Science and Economics &#124; WASEDA University |publisher=Waseda.jp |access-date=2010-06-02 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126113645/http://www.waseda.jp/seikei/seikei/english/index-e.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==== [[Southeast Asia]] ====
===== [[Singapore]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Yale-NUS|Yale-NUS, Singapore]]<ref>[http://www.yale-nus.edu.sg/curriculum/major/philosophy-politics-and-economics/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233552/http://www.yale-nus.edu.sg/curriculum/major/philosophy-politics-and-economics/|date=December 2, 2013}}</ref>
*[[National University of Singapore]], Singapore<ref>[https://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ppe]{{cite web|url=https://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ppe|title=National University of Singapore|access-date=2018-07-26}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===== [[Thailand]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Rangsit University]], Thailand
*[[Thammasat University]], Thailand
{{div col end}}

==== [[South Asia]] ====
===== [[India]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Lucknow University]], [[Lucknow]], India
*[[Amity University, Noida]], India<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amity.edu/asoe |title=AMITY SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS |access-date=2012-08-17}}</ref>
*[[Bangalore University]], [[Bangalore]], India
*[[Birla Institute of Technology and Science]], India
*[[Azim Premji University]], [[Bangalore]], India
*[[Ashoka University]], India
{{div col end}}

===== [[Pakistan]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Aga Khan University]], [[Karachi]], Pakistan
{{div col end}}

===== [[Bangladesh]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Asian University for Women]], Bangladesh
{{div col end}}

==== [[Middle East]] ====
===== [[Israel]] =====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], Israel
*[[Tel Aviv University]] (under the designation "PPEL" – with law), Israel
*[[Open University of Israel]], Israel
{{div col end}}

=== [[Latin America]] ===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Universidad Torcuato Di Tella]] (under the designation "Ciencia Sociales, Orientación en Política y Economía"), Argentina
*[[Universidad Metropolitana]] (under the designation "Estudios Liberales"), Venezuela
*Universidad de las Americas (under the designation "Filosofia, Politica, y Economia), Ecuador
*[[Universidad del Desarrollo]] Chile (under the Master Program "Filosofia, Politica, y Economia PPE), Santiago de Chile.
{{div col end}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
*''[[Literae Humaniores]]''
* [[Greats]] degree course
*[[Philosophy and economics]]
* [[Interdisciplinarity]]
*[[List of University of Oxford people with PPE degrees]]
* [[:Category:PPE graduates]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book| last1 = Anomaly| first1 = Jonathan| last2 = Brennan| first2 = Geoffrey| last3 = Munger| first3 = Michael| last4 = Sayre-McCord| first4 = Geoff| title = Philosophy, Politics, and Economics: An Anthology| date = 2016| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]| location = Oxford, UK}}
* {{cite book| last1 = Gaus| first1 = Jerry| last2 = Thrasher| first2 = John| title = Philosophy, Politics, and Economics: An Introduction| date = 2021| publisher = [[Princeton University Press]]| location = Princeton, NJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=John|first=K|date=2023|title=Foundations of Real-World Economics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eResEAAAQBAJ|publisher=Routledge|pages=|edition=3rd|isbn=978-1-000-84789-5}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hayek |first=F.A.|date=1967|title=Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06y5O2w73UwC&q=Philosophy,%20Politics,%20and%20Economics%20google%20books|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|pages=|isbn=978-0-7100-2987-4 }}

==External links==
* [http://www.ppe.ox.ac.uk PPE, Oxford University – Official Website]
* [https://www.humanities.ox.ac.uk/files/ppe100yearsreportpdf 100 years of PPE at Oxford University]
* [http://www.ppe-conference.org International PPE Conference]
* Anomaly, Jonny (29 January 2016). [https://blog.apaonline.org/2016/01/29/why-ppe/ "Why PPE?"]. ''American Philosophical Association''.
* Beckett, Andy (23 February 2017). [https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/feb/23/ppe-oxford-university-degree-that-rules-britain "PPE: the Oxford degree that runs Britain"]. ''The Guardian''.


[[Category:University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Academic courses at the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Interdisciplinary fields]]
[[Category:Political economy]]
[[Category:Economics education]]
[[Category:Philosophy education]]
[[Category:Philosophy education]]
[[Category:Political science education]]
[[Category:Subfields of political science]]
[[Category:Subfields of political science]]
[[Category:General economics]]

Latest revision as of 18:12, 1 January 2025

See also: Philosophy and economics

Philosophy, politics and economics, or politics, philosophy and economics (PPE), is an interdisciplinary undergraduate or postgraduate degree which combines study from three disciplines. The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was the University of Oxford in the 1920s. This particular course has produced a significant number of notable graduates such as Aung San Suu Kyi, Burmese politician and former State Counsellor of Myanmar, Nobel Peace Prize winner; Princess Haya bint Hussein, daughter of the late King Hussein of Jordan; Christopher Hitchens, the British–American author and journalist;[1][2] Will Self, British author and journalist;[3][4] Oscar-winning writer and director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck; Michael Dummett, Gareth Evans, Philippa Foot, Christopher Peacocke, Gilbert Ryle, and Peter Strawson, philosophers; Harold Wilson, Edward Heath, David Cameron, Liz Truss and Rishi Sunak,[5] Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom; Hugh Gaitskell, Michael Foot, William Hague and Ed Miliband, former Leaders of the Opposition; former Prime Ministers of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto and Imran Khan; and Malcolm Fraser, Bob Hawke and Tony Abbott, former Prime Ministers of Australia.[6][7] The course received fresh attention in 2017, when Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai earned a place.[8][9]

In the 1980s, the University of York went on to establish its own PPE degree based upon the Oxford model; King's College London, the University of Warwick, the University of Manchester, and other British universities later followed. According to the BBC, the Oxford PPE "dominate[s] public life" (in the UK).[10] It is now offered at several other leading colleges and universities around the world. More recently Warwick University and King's College added a new degree under the name of PPL (Politics, Philosophy and Law) with the aim to bring an alternative to the more classical PPE degrees.

In the United States, it is offered by over 50 colleges and universities, including three Ivy League schools and a large number of public universities.[11][failed verification] Harvard University began offering a similar degree in Social Studies in 1960, which combines politics, philosophy, and economics with history and sociology.[citation needed] In 2020, in addition to its undergraduate degree programs in PPE, Virginia Tech joined the Chapman University's Smith Institute as among the first research centers in the world dedicated to interdisciplinary research in PPE.[12][13] Several PPE programs exist in Canada, most notably the first endowed school in the nation – the Frank McKenna School of Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Mount Allison University.[14] In Asia, Tsinghua University, Waseda University, NUS, Tel-Aviv University and Ashoka University Asian University For Women, Chattogram in Bangladesh are among those that have PPE or similar programs.[15][16][17][18][19]

History

[edit]

Philosophy, politics and economics was established as a degree course at the University of Oxford in the 1920s,[20] as a modern alternative to classics (known as "literae humaniores" or "greats" at Oxford) for those entering the civil service. It was thus initially known as "modern greats".[10][21] The first PPE students commenced their course in the autumn of 1921.[7] The regulation by which it was established is Statt. Tit. VI. Sect. 1 C; "the subject of the Honour School of Philosophy, Politics, and Economics shall be the study of the structure, and the philosophical and economic principles, of Modern Society."[22] Initially it was compulsory to study all three subjects for all three years of the course, but in 1970 this requirement was relaxed, and since then students have been able to drop one subject after the first year – most do this, but a minority continue with all three.[7]

During the 1960s some students started to critique the course from a left-wing perspective, culminating in the publication of a pamphlet, The Poverty of PPE, in 1968, written by Trevor Pateman, who argued that it "gives no training in scholarship, only refining to a high degree of perfection the ability to write short dilettantish essays on the basis of very little knowledge: ideal training for the social engineer". The pamphlet advocated incorporating the study of sociology, anthropology and art, and to take on the aim of "assist(ing) the radicalisation and mobilisation of political opinion outside the university". In response, some minor changes were made, with influential leftist writers such as Frantz Fanon and Régis Debray being added to politics reading lists, but the core of the programme remained the same.[7][23]

Christopher Stray has pointed to the course as one reason for the gradual decline of the study of classics, as classicists in political life began to be edged out by those who had studied the modern greats.[24]

Political theorists Dario Castiglione and Iain Hampsher-Monk have described the course as being fundamental to the development of political thought in the UK since it established a connection between politics and philosophy. Previously at Oxford, and for some time subsequently at Cambridge, politics had been taught only as a branch of modern history.[25]

Course material

[edit]

The programme is rooted in the view that to understand social phenomena one must approach them from several complementary disciplinary directions and analytical frameworks. In this regard, the study of philosophy is considered important because it both equips students with meta-tools such as the ability to reason rigorously and logically, and facilitates ethical reflection. The study of politics is considered necessary because it acquaints students with the institutions that govern society and help solve collective action problems. Finally, studying economics is seen as vital in the modern world because political decisions often concern economic matters, and government decisions are often influenced by economic events. The vast majority of students at Oxford drop one of the three subjects for the second and third years of their course. Oxford now has more than 600 undergraduates studying the subject, admitting over 200 each year.[26]

Academic opinions

[edit]

Oxford PPE graduate Nick Cohen and former tutor Iain McLean consider the course's breadth important to its appeal, especially "because British society values generalists over specialists". Academic and Labour peer Maurice Glasman noted that "PPE combines the status of an elite university degree – PPE is the ultimate form of being good at school – with the stamp of a vocational course. It is perfect training for cabinet membership, and it gives you a view of life". However, he also noted that it had an orientation towards consensus politics and technocracy.[7]

Geoffrey Evans, an Oxford fellow in politics and a senior tutor, critiques that the Oxford course's success and consequent over-demand is a self-perpetuating feature of those in front of and behind the scenes in national administration, in stating "all in all, it's how the class system works". In the current economic system, he bemoans the unavoidable inequalities besetting admissions and thereby enviable recruitment prospects of successful graduates. The argument itself intended as a paternalistic ethical reflection on how governments and peoples can perpetuate social stratification.[10]

Stewart Wood, a former adviser to Ed Miliband who studied PPE at Oxford in the 1980s and taught politics there in the 1990s and 2000s, acknowledged that the programme has been slow to catch up with contemporary political developments, saying that "it does still feel like a course for people who are going to run the Raj in 1936... In the politics part of PPE, you can go three years without discussing a single contemporary public policy issue". He also stated that the structure of the course gave it a centrist bias, due to the range of material covered: "...most students think, mistakenly, that the only way to do it justice is to take a centre position".[7]

List of offering universities

[edit]

United Kingdom

[edit]

England

[edit]

Scotland

[edit]

Wales

[edit]

Northern Ireland

[edit]

North America

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

United States

[edit]

Africa

[edit]

South Africa

[edit]

Nigeria

[edit]

Oceania

[edit]

Australia

[edit]

New Zealand

[edit]

Europe

[edit]

Northern Europe

[edit]
Iceland
[edit]
Sweden
[edit]

Southern Europe

[edit]
Italy
[edit]
Spain
[edit]
Portugal
[edit]
  • ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon (Politics, Economy and Society)
  • Catholic University of Lisbon – Human Sciences university[193]
Turkey
[edit]

Western Europe

[edit]
Austria
[edit]
Belgium
[edit]
France
[edit]
Germany
[edit]
Ireland
[edit]
The Netherlands
[edit]
Switzerland
[edit]

Eastern Europe

[edit]
Czech Republic
[edit]
Hungary
[edit]
Others
[edit]

Asia

[edit]

East Asia

[edit]
People's Republic of China
[edit]
Mainland China
[edit]
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
[edit]
Korea
[edit]
Japan
[edit]

Southeast Asia

[edit]
Singapore
[edit]
Thailand
[edit]

South Asia

[edit]
India
[edit]
Pakistan
[edit]
Bangladesh
[edit]

Middle East

[edit]
Israel
[edit]

Latin America

[edit]
  • Universidad Torcuato Di Tella (under the designation "Ciencia Sociales, Orientación en Política y Economía"), Argentina
  • Universidad Metropolitana (under the designation "Estudios Liberales"), Venezuela
  • Universidad de las Americas (under the designation "Filosofia, Politica, y Economia), Ecuador
  • Universidad del Desarrollo Chile (under the Master Program "Filosofia, Politica, y Economia PPE), Santiago de Chile.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 'Hitchens, Christopher Eric', Who's Who; 2012, A & C Black, 2012; online edn, Oxford University Press, December 2012; online edn, January 2012 accessed 5 December 2014
  2. ^ "Christopher Hitchens – On C-SPAN discussing his book 'For the Sake of Argument'[1993]". C-SPAN. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013.
  3. ^ Self, Will (31 July 2022). "PPE has produced a Pernicious Political Ethics – and me". The Times. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  4. ^ Self, Will (1 November 2009). "My other life: Will Self". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  5. ^ Roy, Amit (25 October 2022). "Murthy son-in-law gets Hague's seat". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  6. ^ Kenny, Mark (25 November 2013). "Tony Abbott's Oxford transcript released". Sydney Morning Herald.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Beckett, Andy (23 February 2017). "PPE: the Oxford degree that runs Britain". theguardian.com. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  8. ^ "A level results: Malala Yousafzai gets a place at Oxford". BBC News. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  9. ^ "Malala Yousafzai gets into Oxford to study PPE after collecting A Level results". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  10. ^ a b c Kelly, Jon (31 August 2010). "Why does PPE rule Britain?". BBC News. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
  11. ^ "Major/Minor". Department of Government. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Virginia Tech Announces Center for PPE". 7 October 2020.
  13. ^ "New center for philosophy, politics, and economics named for Virginia Tech alumnus". www.vtnews.vt.edu. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  14. ^ "The Frank McKenna School of Philosophy, Politics, and Economics announced at Mount Allison University | Mount Allison". mta.ca. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  15. ^ "跨学科交叉专业-新雅书院". Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  16. ^ "Degrees". School of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  17. ^ "Discover PPE – NUS Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences". Archived from the original on 27 August 2021.
  18. ^ "הרציונל של התכנית".
  19. ^ "Politics, Philosophy and Economics Programme". Archived from the original on 27 August 2021.
  20. ^ [1] Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine "Balliol was the birthplace of the modern degree of PPE in the 1920s. A. D. Lindsay, who subsequently became the master of the college, played a key role in the establishment of the degree and Balliol has long remained a major college for the study of PPE, and PPE has long been a major subject within Balliol."
  21. ^ "History of Philosophy at Oxford – Faculty of Philosophy". Philosophy.ox.ac.uk. 19 November 2009. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  22. ^ University of Oxford (1926) The Examination Statutes. together with the regulations of the boards of studies and boards of faculties for the academical year 1926–1927. Oxford: Clarendon Press; pp. 149=54
  23. ^ Pateman, Trevor (1968). The Poverty of PPE. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  24. ^ Christopher Stray, Classics Transformed: Schools, Universities, and Society in England, 1830–1960. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Pp. xiv, 336. ISBN 0-19-815013-X.
  25. ^ Dario Castiglione and Iain Hampsher-Monk, The History of Political Thought in National Context. Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-521-78234-1
  26. ^ "Why Study PPE at Oxford?". ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  27. ^ "MSc. Politics, Philosophy and Economics – Birkbeck, University of London". Bbk.ac.uk. 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  28. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics – Durham University". Dur.ac.uk. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  29. ^ "BA (Hons) Politics, Philosophy & Economics, Goldsmiths, University of London". gold.ac.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  30. ^ "King's College London – Upcoming Programmes 2015/16". kcl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  31. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, Economics MA". kingston.ac.uk. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
  32. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics BA Hons". Lancaster University. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
  33. ^ "BSc Philosophy, Politics and Economics (Four Year Programme)". lse.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  34. ^ Q45 – BA (Honours) Politics, Philosophy and Economics – Open University Degree. .open.ac.uk (2012-10-16). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
  35. ^ "BA/BSc Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE)". Rhul.ac.uk. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  36. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics BSc at SOAS University of London". soas.ac.uk. September 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  37. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics BSc". ucl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 5 October 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  38. ^ "BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics PPE". Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  39. ^ "Philosophy, Politics & Economics BA (Hons) (Politics major)". Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  40. ^ "Course: Philosophy, Politics and Economics (U1L0V0301)" (PDF). Uea.ac.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  41. ^ "University of Essex :: Course Finder :: BA Philosophy, Politics and Economics". Essex.ac.uk. 14 May 2010. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  42. ^ "BA Politics, Philosophy and Economics". BA Politics, Philosophy and Economics. exeter.ac.uk. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  43. ^ "BA (Hons) Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE)". University of Hull. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
  44. ^ "Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA]". leeds.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  45. ^ "Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA]". liverpool.ac.uk. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  46. ^ "Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA]". Loughborough.ac.uk. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  47. ^ "Politics, Philosophy and Economics (3 Years) [BA]". Manchester.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  48. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics – University of Oxford". Ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 23 July 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  49. ^ "University of Southampton – BA Philosophy, Politics and Economics with Year Abroad (4 years)". Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  50. ^ "Sussex PPE". sussex.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  51. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics (Full-Time)". www2.warwick.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  52. ^ Winchester, University of. "BA (Hons) Philosophy, Politics and Economics – University of Winchester". University of Winchester. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  53. ^ "The PEP School at York". York.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  54. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics, MA". abdn.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  55. ^ "Study Politics, Philosophy and Economics: PPE BA Degree at University- Undergraduate Courses – Politics, Philosophy and Economics: PPE – University of Stirling". stir.ac.uk.
  56. ^ [2] Archived December 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  57. ^ "Queen's University Belfast | BA Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE)". Qub.ac.uk. 3 March 2010. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  58. ^ "Mount Allison University – Philosophy, Politics, and Economics". www.mta.ca. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  59. ^ "PHILOSOPHY, POLITICS & ECONOMICS SPECIALIZATION – Faculty of Arts & Science". queensu.ca. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  60. ^ "Politics – History – Economics". www.kingsu.ca. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  61. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE) – Bachelor of Arts Programs – Faculty of Arts and Sciences – Faculties, Schools, and Colleges – Okanagan Calendar 2010/11 – UBC Student Services". Okanagan.students.ubc.ca. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  62. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics Program (PPE) – Faculty of Arts – University of Regina". www.uregina.ca. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  63. ^ "HONORS SPECIALIZATION IN POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY AND ECONOMICS – POLITICS AND PHILOSOPHY (PPE-P)". Westerncalendar.uwo.ca. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  64. ^ "HONORS SPECIALIZATION IN POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY AND ECONOMICS – ECONOMICS (PPE-E)". Westerncalendar.uwo.ca. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  65. ^ "Wilfrid Laurier University – Student Recruitment Office – Academic Programs – Faculty of Arts – Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE)". Wlu.ca. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  66. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics – Certificate | Degree Details | ASU Degree Search".
  67. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics – Austin College". Austin College. 25 June 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  68. ^ "B.A. In Philosophy, Politics & Economics – Undergraduate".
  69. ^ "Binghamton University :: Philosophy, Politics, and Law :: at Binghamton University". www.binghamton.edu. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  70. ^ "Program: Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, BA/BS – Bowie State University – Acalog ACMS™".
  71. ^ "Bowling Green State University :: Philosophy, Politics, Economics, and Law :: The Program". bgsu.edu. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  72. ^ "Bachelor of Science in Philosophy, Politics, & Economics—Boyce College". boycecollege.com. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  73. ^ "Program: Philosophy, Politics and Economics Minor – Bridgewater State University – Acalog ACMS™".
  74. ^ "POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY, AND ECONOMICS MAJOR – Calvin University". calvin.edu. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  75. ^ "Welcome to EHPP – Ethics, History, & Public Policy – Carnegie Mellon University". cmu.edu. Archived from the original on 22 November 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
  76. ^ "Carroll University :: Philosophy, Politics and Economics :: The Program". Carrollu.edu. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  77. ^ "Ppe At Cmc". Claremontmckenna.edu. Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  78. ^ "University of Oxford | Find Your Opportunity".
  79. ^ "Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics—Criswell College". criswell.edu. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  80. ^ "Politics, Philosophy, and Economics Major (BA/BS) | Undergraduate Programs | Dallas Baptist University". www.dbu.edu.
  81. ^ "Major/Minor". 7 March 2014.
  82. ^ "About Philosophy, Politics and Economics – Denison University". Denison.edu. 9 June 2008. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  83. ^ "CoAS to Offer New Interdisciplinary Major in Philosophy, Politics & Economics". drexel.edu. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  84. ^ "Political Science: PPE Certificate". Polisci.duke.edu. Archived from the original on 13 August 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  85. ^ "EOU's General Catalog". Eou.edu. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  86. ^ "Eastern Oregon University". Eou.edu. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  87. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics".
  88. ^ "Welcome to one of the best small, private liberal arts colleges :: Emory & Henry College". ehc.edu.
  89. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics".
  90. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics". gmu.edu.
  91. ^ "404 Page – Philosophy at Georgia State". {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  92. ^ "Program: Philosophy/Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE), BA – Indiana University of Pennsylvania – Acalog ACMS™".
  93. ^ "Juniata College Catalog". Juniata.edu. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  94. ^ "The King's College – Politics, Philosophy and Economics". Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  95. ^ "Political Science, Philosophy, and Economics – La Salle University %7c Philadelphia, Pa". www.lasalle.edu. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  96. ^ "BS in Philosophy, Politics, & Economics | Liberty University". 13 October 2023.
  97. ^ "College of Liberal Arts: Philosophy, Politics and Economics". Mercer University. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  98. ^ "Department of Philosophy – Minnesota State University, Mankato". Mnsu.edu. 11 October 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  99. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE)". msmary.edu. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  100. ^ "Undergraduate Program in Political Economy %7c The Murphy Institute". Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  101. ^ "Politics, Philosophy, and Economics". Northeastern University College of Social Sciences and Humanities. Archived from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  102. ^ "Politics, Philosophy and Economics".
  103. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics".
  104. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics – The Ohio State University". undergrad.osu.edu. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  105. ^ "| Undergraduate Degree Program | Ottawa University".
  106. ^ "Philosophy, Politics & Economics, B.A. | Palm Beach Atlantic University".
  107. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics Program | Pomona College in Claremont, California – Pomona College". www.pomona.edu. 22 May 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009.
  108. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics | Rhodes College".
  109. ^ "Politics, Philosophy, & Economics Major | Seattle Pacific University".
  110. ^ "Program: Philosophy, Politics and Economics Certificate – Siena Heights University – Acalog ACMS™".
  111. ^ "Philosophy, Politics & Economics Bachelor Degree | Spring Hill College".
  112. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, Master of Arts".
  113. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics BA | SUNY Oswego Academic Programs".
  114. ^ "Politics, Philosophy & Economics Major – Suffolk University".
  115. ^ "Philosophy, Philosophy & Economics (PPE) Special Major – Swarthmore College". 21 June 2021.
  116. ^ "PPE Degree – Taylor University". taylor.edu.
  117. ^ "Undergraduate Majors Recommended Course Sequence | Majors & Colleges | TTU".
  118. ^ "Transylvania University – Program Overview". Transy.edu. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  119. ^ "Philosophy, Political Science, Economy Curriculum" (PDF). Academic Advising Center, University of Akron. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
  120. ^ "The PPE Concentration". Dept. of Philosophy, University of Alabama at Birmingham. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
  121. ^ "https://www.uab.edu/business/home/undergraduate/economics-major"
  122. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, Economics, and Law". U.arizona.edu. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  123. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics". buffalo.edu.
  124. ^ "Politics, Philosophy, and Law". berkeley.edu. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  125. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics (4+1 M.A.)". uci.edu.
  126. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics Minor < University of Idaho".
  127. ^ "Ethics & Public Policy: Path to Your Future %7c Ethics & Public Policy". uiowa.edu. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  128. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (Minor) < University of Louisville".
  129. ^ "College of Literature, Science, and the Arts: Students :: PPE Concentration". lsa.umich.edu. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  130. ^ "UMN Morris Catalog".
  131. ^ Philosophy, Politics & Economics. Ppe.unc.edu. Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
  132. ^ "Department of Philosophy // University of Notre Dame". Philosophy.nd.edu. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  133. ^ "PPE at The University of Pennsylvania". Sas.upenn.edu. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  134. ^ "Politics and Philosophy Major". honorscollege.pitt.edu. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  135. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, Economics, and Law – University of Richmond School of Arts & Sciences". richmond.edu. 4 March 2015.
  136. ^ "https://ppel.richmond.edu/"
  137. ^ "Major in Politics, Philosophy, and Economics (BA)". rochester.edu. 12 November 2021.
  138. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics Curriculum – College of Arts and Sciences – University of San Diego".
  139. ^ https://www.usiouxfalls.edu/academics/philosophy-economics-and-political-theory [bare URL]
  140. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (BA)". 7 September 2022.
  141. ^ "Political Philosophy, Policy, and Law – University of Virginia". virginia.edu.
  142. ^ "Law, Economics & Public Policy (LEPP) – UW Bothell". uwb.edu. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  143. ^ [3] Archived December 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  144. ^ "Political Economy, Philosophy, and Politics, Certificate < University of Wisconsin-Madison". guide.wisc.edu.
  145. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics – CP".
  146. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics | Villanova University".
  147. ^ "Kellogg Center for Philosophy, Politics, and Economics". Kellogg Center. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  148. ^ "Wabash College: Philosophy, Politics, and Economics Crawfordsville, Indiana". wabash.edu. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  149. ^ "Wesleyan University – College of Social Studies". Wesleyan.edu. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
  150. ^ "Politics/Philosophy/Economics, BA". Wwu.edu. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  151. ^ "Politics, Philosophy, and Economics Certificate < Wheaton College, IL".
  152. ^ "Political & Economic Philosophy Major – Wheeling Jesuit University". Wju.edu. Archived from the original on 19 May 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  153. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and the Public; Xavier University". xavier.edu. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  154. ^ "Program in Ethics, Politics and Economics | Yale University". Yale.edu. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  155. ^ "Error". sun.ac.za. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011.
  156. ^ "Philosophy, Politics & Economics (PPE) Programme". School of Economics, University of Cape Town. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
  157. ^ "University of KwaZulu-Natal – Faculties – Humanities, Development and Social Sciences". Ukzn.ac.za. Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  158. ^ Qualification stream: Philosophy, Politics and Economics, unisa.ac.za. Accessed 2014-06-19.
  159. ^ "uj.ac.za. Accessed 2015-09-12".
  160. ^ "Accessed 2015-11-10". Archived from the original on 14 May 2012.
  161. ^ "Higher Education – University of Pretoria". www.up.ac.za.
  162. ^ "Department of Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife". Oauife.edu.ng. Archived from the original on 26 September 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  163. ^ abuad.edu.ng. "Department of Political Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti". abuad.edu.ng. Retrieved 1 June 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  164. ^ "ANU – STUDY 2012 – Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics". ANU. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  165. ^ "Bachelor of Politics, Philosophy and Economics". Deakin University. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  166. ^ "Bachelor of Politics, Philosophy and Economics – La Trobe University". La Trobe University. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  167. ^ "Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics". Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  168. ^ "Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics". Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  169. ^ "Bachelor of Philosophy, Politics and Economics". Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  170. ^ "Bachelor of Politics, Philosophy and Economics (Honours) – Future Students – University of Queensland". future-students.uq.edu.au. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  171. ^ Sydney, University of Technology. "University of Technology, Sydney". handbook.uts.edu.au. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  172. ^ "Philosophy, Politics & Economics". Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  173. ^ "Murdoch University: Handbook | Unit Details | PHL204 Philosophy, Politics, Economics". handbook.murdoch.edu.au. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  174. ^ "Politics, Philosophy and Economics – A2010".
  175. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics | University of Canterbury". 7 October 2023.
  176. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics programme Home". www.otago.ac.nz. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  177. ^ "Victoria University of Wellington". www.victoria.ac.nz. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  178. ^ "Háskólinn á Bifröst – BA in PPE". Bifrost.is. Archived from the original on 3 October 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  179. ^ "Kandidatprogram". lu.se. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  180. ^ "Filosofi, politik och ekonomi".
  181. ^ "Il nostro mondo ti piacerà". LUISS Guido Carli. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  182. ^ "IPLE". www.unimi.it. 21 April 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  183. ^ "PPPA". www.unimi.it. 21 April 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  184. ^ "Master in Philosophy, Politics and Economics in Med (PPE)".
  185. ^ "Bachelor's Degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics". Charles III University of Madrid.
  186. ^ "Bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics". Pompeu Fabra University.
  187. ^ "Bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics". Ramon Llull University.
  188. ^ "Bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics". Comillas Pontifical University.
  189. ^ "Grado Filosofía, Política y Economía. Estudiar Carrera en Madrid. Triple Grado FPE.UFV".
  190. ^ "Grado en Filosofía, Política y Economía". unav.edu. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  191. ^ "BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics". University of Deusto.
  192. ^ "Bachelor in Philosophy, Politics, Law and Economics". IE University.
  193. ^ "Licenciatura em Filosofia, Política e Economia (PPE)". 9 November 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  194. ^ "Department of Politics and Economics – Faculty of Political Sciences (Mülkiye), Ankara University". 28 July 2022.
  195. ^ "Master Political, Economic and Legal Philosophy (PELP)". Department of Philosophy, University of Graz. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  196. ^ "Bachelier en sciences philosophique, politique et économique – PPE". uclouvain.be. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  197. ^ "Philosophy, Politics & Economics". 11 November 2016.
  198. ^ "Economics, Politics and Social Thought (EPST)". Bard College Berlin. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  199. ^ "Management, Philosophy & Economics (MPE)". Frankfurt School of Finance & Management. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  200. ^ "Philosophy & Economics – Bachelor and Master programmes". Faculty of Law, Business Administration and Economics, University of Bayreuth. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  201. ^ "Master Program Politics, Economics and Philosophy (M.Sc.)". University of Hamburg. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  202. ^ https://www.ppe.hhu.de/ [bare URL]
  203. ^ "Executive-Masterstudiengang Philosophie, Politik, Wirtschaft". lmu.de. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
  204. ^ Witten/Herdecke, Uni (11 December 2017). "PPÖ – Philosophie, Politik und Ökonomik (B.A.)".
  205. ^ "Philosophy, Politics, and Economics". Philosophy NUIM. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  206. ^ "Utrecht University".
  207. ^ "MA programme in Philosophy, specialisation Philosophy, Politics and Economics". Masters in Leiden. Leiden University, Faculty of Humanities. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  208. ^ Universiteit van Amsterdam. "PPLE (in English)". uva.nl. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  209. ^ "Bachelor Philosophy, Politics and Economics". VU Amsterdam.
  210. ^ "John Stuart Mill College". John Stuart Mill college.
  211. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics Major". 8 September 2023.
  212. ^ "Philosophy, Politics and Economics". 22 November 2016.
  213. ^ "Politische Ökonomie und Philosophie". Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zurich. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  214. ^ "Master Political, Legal and Economic Philosophy (PLEP)". Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bern. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  215. ^ "Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Politics and Economics". University of Lucerne. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  216. ^ "MA in IEPS and BA in PPE". Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences.
  217. ^ 北京大学元培学院 Archived 2012-03-22 at the Wayback Machine. Yuanpei.pku.edu.cn (2009-11-10). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
  218. ^ 中国人民大学PPE. Ppe.ruc.edu.cn Retrieved on 2016-08-18.
  219. ^ [4]. https://philosophy.knu.ac.kr. Retrieved on 2022-05-11.
  220. ^ [5]. https://gld.skku.edu. Retrieved on 2024-09-20.
  221. ^ Hanyang University. Hanyang.ac.kr. Retrieved on 2016-02-01.
  222. ^ "Faculty of Law, Keio University". Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  223. ^ "Faculty of Law, The University of Kyoto". Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  224. ^ "Graduate Schools for Law and Politics, Faculty of Law, The University of Tokyo". Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  225. ^ "School of Political Science and Economics | WASEDA University". Waseda.jp. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  226. ^ [6] Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  227. ^ [7]"National University of Singapore". Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  228. ^ "AMITY SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS". Retrieved 17 August 2012.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Philosophy,_politics_and_economics&oldid=1266665799"