Talk:Ternary conditional operator

MAX(a,b)

I just have to get this off my chest: the MAX(a,b) code here,

#define MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))? (a): (b))

causes three evaluations instead of two, so it is inefficient and should not be used. Melchoir 10:19, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

More importantly it shouldn't be used because it may produce unexpected results, e.g. int z = MAX(++x, ++y); —Preceding unsigned comment added by 27 super goats (talk • contribs) 14:56, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Even more importantly, operations that change state such as pre/post increment should not be used as parameters to capitalised functions as, according to common convention, it should be assumed that they will be cpp macros where parameters may be evaluated zero or more times and not exactly once.

Moggie2002 (talk) 13:48, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

Yet more importantly, new topics should be placed at the bottom of the page with their own header. Heh. Salvar (talk) 18:50, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

argc argv example

What is the given argc argv example program good for? I don't understand what the

ostream& sout = name ? fout : cout;

statement does. --Abdull 06:15, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

It checks name to see if it is a null pointer. If it is, then it sets sout to a reference to cout (standard output), otherwise, it sets sout to a reference to the output stream fout. --Btx40 (talk) 19:53, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Strongly Disagree

I don't know how to do so, but this page should be flagged as being a very biased viewpoint. The text runs counter to my experience of 20+ years as a professional software programmer. The only people who prefer the ternary conditional operator to the more readable if-then-else format (when both are allowed by the language syntax) are those people who have never had to maintain other people's code bases for any significant period of time. This opinion is found in industry standard texts, such as "Code Complete" by Steve McConnell. I would love to see a valid citation supporting the viewpoint presented here, i.e. that the ternary operator is NOT considered to be antiquated, harder to debug, and harder to maintain.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.242.154.132 (talk • contribs) 16:01, 18 September 2007

You should have datetimesign this comment cause it's a little bit hard to find out if your remarque have been took in count. I don't really read the "very biased viewpoint" you were talking about. This may have corrected and I'm aggry with that: Wikipedia is not here to gave personnal point of views. ...But personnaly... I got a 10 years experimentation of web developping with the speciality of technology crossing and I prefer the ternary operator for conditional values. And I have a lot of arguments to justify the fact that I find it more readable than a huge structural block. And I'm sorry for your unability to read it as easy as it is. Lacrymocéphale 195.154.218.123 13:11, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Maybe "This is much more readable and is more immediately recognized than the if statement equivalent." at the tail of the article is one of that "biased viewpoint" things. It's make me laugh cause for me it's similar to 'switch' statement which is not similar to 'if' statement... But, true, that kind of sentences have nothing to do here. But it's also informational to say, at the begining of this "?: in style guidelines" paragraph, that this operator is concidered as bad practice by some guidlines authors. And the writing dates of those guidelines should be added, could be revelant. Ok. This matter should only be a paragraph about the fact that there's a kind of holy war about readability of this operator without joinning the war. Lacrymocéphale 195.154.218.123 13:40, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

I agree completely that this article shows a clear bias towards using the ternary operator. A perfect example is the quote you mentioned above ("This is more readable and immediately recognized than an equivalent if/else or switch construction"), which I find to be patently untrue. I had to look at that code for a moment to figure out what it was doing, whereas an if/else or switch construction is immediately recognizable. I would wager that most novice programmers would react similarly. So in short, this article is proscribing a "correct" way to do programming, without providing any real support for why it is correct. If the author(s) can find authoritative citations about ?: being more maintainable or more readable, that is one thing, but it just looks like soap-boxing right now. (I would like to note that I am not personally opposed to the use of the ternary operator when it is appropriate and readable, but Wikipedia articles should be purely informational with a NPOV, and I do not think this article satisfies those requirements.) --Carychan (talk) 16:41, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

The article has been improved, however some trimming could be done. Statements such as "is most frequently used" and "most common usage" are claimed as facts without any references, nor are there likely to be any. If a statistical analysis of a large sample of code from diverse origins has been published and can be cited then that would be one thing, but otherwise the article should stick to explaining what the operator is, its history and a few examples and that's pretty much it.

In terms of whether it is preferable or not, well that is just opinion. After machine code, one of my first languages as a teenager was BCPL (on a BBC Micro co-processor), which is where this operator originates, and I've always felt that it has its place if used sensibly. As Carychan above illustrates, one downside of using more esoteric language features is that not everyone will recognise them immediately, although that should not be a problem if a development team has developers who are fully familiar and proficient with a language, and is not a reasonable argument in itself for avoidance.

One source of bugs is typographical errors and omitting to edit some code during maintenance, and use of the ternary may reduce the probability of such bugs by having a single assignment. An if/else construct with 10 assignments that should be to the same variable is 10 opportunities to use the wrong variable by mistake, and if the variable needs to be renamed during maintenance, 10 chances to miss a rename. As each code path is executed only a proportion of the time, unless coverage analysis is used to ensure that each code path is executed during testing, such a bug may remain undiscovered indefinitely. Using the ternary would be one assignment that would be affected by all code paths, and so easier to test and less likely to get wrong. In terms of readability, code using ternary for multiple assignments is more compact and has less extraneous text than alternative constructs, reducing eye movement and the need to scroll, and being easier and quicker to grasp the overall picture in one go. Bugs from faulty conditions may also be more immediately obvious, again from seeing the complete expression in most likely a single view. But this is an hypothesis only, and it might be an interesting cognitive psychology experiment to actually test the theory and see how quickly and accurately bugs in code are spotted when equivalent code is expressed using ternary, if/else and switch constructs.

Where I would draw the line is when some extra processing is required for some or all code paths, and the developer tries to be clever by introducing the comma operator to the expression. At that point readability may plunge and the chance of bugs increase significantly. This is one argument against using ?: in favour of if/else as should extra code be required for any of the conditions (which is unlikely though), given if/else usage it can be added easily but should force a rewrite if ternary was used. This is also an argument for always using braces for code blocks even where the statement is a single line, as being lazy and omitting braces can impair readability, reduces maintainability and increases the chance of bugs when extra code needs to be added in the future and the maintainer fails to correctly add braces at that point.

Moggie2002 (talk) 08:58, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

C# example

I think this would be an acceptable C# equivalent of the C++ example

using System.IO;

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string name;
    StreamWriter stw;

    if (args.Length >= 1)
    {
        name = args[0];
        stw = new StreamWriter(name, true);
    }
    
    StreamWriter output = (name.IsNullOrEmpty() ? System.Console.Out: stw );
}

--Btx40 (talk) 20:10, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

This may be an equivalent literal translation, but would not behave the same as the C++ example in the case of a zero length string argument. With the C++ example and argc > 1, argv[1] will always yield a pointer, and the output stream would be the ofstream instance fout even for an empty string argv[1]. With the C# example, the output stream would be the console output in such a case. Had the C++ ternary been written as "ostream& sout = (argc > 1) ? fout : cout;", which more closely and correctly models the possibly intended behaviour of "try to open and use a file if an argument is supplied", then a precise translation would be more likely. The C# example might then set and test a boolean flag such as "filenameWasSupplied" if an exact copy of the C++ behaviour were required. This said, testing argc instead of name would preclude the possibility for the filename to come from another source in some cases (e.g. an environment variable), and a test for "was a filename supplied" is quite reasonable and more extensible.

Moggie2002 (talk) 10:11, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

In that case, both examples have one thing in common. The attempt to open the output stream would fail. The C# code would throw a System.ArgumentException, ending the program immediately (since there is no handler) while the C++ example would use setstate to set fout's fail bit.

As a result of an unhandled exception, the C# example would not assign a value to output because the last line would not run. --Btx40 (talk) 18:07, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Here is a revised example that prevents a System.ArgumentException from being thrown.

using System.IO;

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string name;
    StreamWriter stw;

    if (args.Length >= 1 && !args[0].IsNullOrEmpty())
    {
        name = args[0];
        stw = new StreamWriter(name, true);
    }
    
    StreamWriter output = (name.IsNullOrEmpty() ? System.Console.Out: stw );
}

--Btx40 (talk) 17:14, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Lua

variable = condition and value_if_true or value_if_false

is incorrect: (true ? false : true) results as false; (true and false or true) results as true. Jarod42 (talk) 13:32, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

Python

I saw a trick a while back to do the ternary operator in python. It went something like this:

[false-condition, true-condition][condition]

Since booleans are 1 or 0 in python, the condition can be an index of a list, and the list can be the true/false conditions. Maybe this ought to be mentioned. --Belugaperson (Talk|Contribs) 00:30, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

Maybe we can add a paragraph about common workarounds for languages that don't have the ternary operator ?: built in. For example in PowerShell this would work:

# (false-condition, true-condition)[condition]
(3.1415, 42)[$true -eq $false]
3.1415

Ghettoblaster (talk) 09:41, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

This isn't an exact equivalent because it would eagerly evaluate both the false condition and the true condition regardless of which one you want. The ternary operator does lazy evaluation. 194.60.38.198 (talk) 08:50, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

Above

The page, no longer makes sense. It says, "in PHP uses the incorrect associativity when compared to other languages, and given a value of T for arg, the PHP equivalent of the above example " under PHP, even though the C example is below. Either the PHP text needs to be corrected, or the C needs to be moved up. Superm401 - Talk 19:08, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

You are quite correct. When I first added the inconsistency section it was at the end, immediately following the usage in style guidelines section where the example was indeed given, above. Restructuring and edits to the article since then have broken the previous flow.

Moggie2002 (talk) 01:14, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

I'd like to see the Style section moved closer to the head of the document as it is more general than the language-specific sections, and it establishes this switch-like idiom, which is then later used as examples in some of the language-specific sections. 70.55.240.92 (talk) 22:41, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

Sections from Talk:Ternary operation merged on July 2012

PHP?

Is this the same as in PHP : $int = ($ifstatement) ? $thenvalue : $elsevalue;

Yes. See ?:. –EdC 23:00, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

PHP?

An example in PHP but not

Is there a name for this?

I see several other ternary operators, such as ?:, have articles, so I'm wondering if there's a name for this one or a category it falls under:

A Chinese language corpus I use (corpus here, documentation here, but they will only display properly in IE) has several ternary operators for searching, they basically do the same thing as regex but through operators such as $, +, -, etc. For instance,

中$5国

means "all results where 中 comes before 国 and they are separated by 5 or fewer characters"—so 中, 5, and 国 are its arguments. Does anyone know if there's a name for ternary operators like this? rʨanaɢ ^talk/_contribs 23:35, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

C

There's little information about the ternary in C. Although the header references to the C syntax, there's no information on wether it's C99 etc and there is no example showing C code. Would someone with proper knowledge fix this? Xertoz (talk) 14:48, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Added an example showing C code and referenced it. Xertoz (talk) 13:16, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

Excessive examples?

The C, C#, Java, and Javascript examples are completely 100% identical to each other. The Perl and PHP are also the same functionally, but just add the sigils those languages require. These excessive examples add absolutely nothing to helping understand what a ternary operation is. One example in a C-like language would be fine. 128.205.70.161 (talk) 18:23, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

Azarien merged a couple of the examples yesterday. Xertoz (talk) 12:52, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

a,b

I understand the point but doesn't the use of only two things a and b fog the issue.

Shouldn't the distiction be something like X if Y else Z

or

if Y result = X else Z.

The use of two variables a and b is also equivalent to asking for the max(a,b) if a language supported it. That is not the spirit of the topic. The spirit is if a>b there is a value returned and if not a different value. In fact the comparison used (a>b) confuses the issue as well. It should be a simple if true/false not necessarily a greater than. It need only be a boolean. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.170.107.121 (talk) 21:19, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

Python comparison operators

Where one in many other languages would write something like a < b && b < c, Python lets you write a < b < c. As is explained in Python syntax and semantics#Comparison operators, the Python expression can't be considered as just a shorthand for the expanded version, so it is a ternary operator. Maybe we should add it as an example.

Is Visual Basic actually Visual Basic.NET here?

The article mentions 'Visual Basic', the link pointing to the 'Visual Basic.NET' article, and I'm not convinced that Visual Basic (_without_ .NET) has a higher version than 6, as of 2011. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.132.149.210 (talk) 17:38, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

Rename page and include functional programming conditional expressions

Shouldn't be the page renamed “inline if operator” or so and list on it the various inline if's listed here. The “?:” page would redirect to the language C item of the list. I'm suggesting this because when I'm reading how to write inline if in python, it has nothing to do with the “?:” syntax. Furthermore, I believe functional programming languages should be mentioned here, because in at least every functional programming language I've ever met, the conditional operators are “inline”. For example in Haskell,

let x = if a == b then 17 else 84

is perfectly valid, even though it isn't written with an interrogation mark. Großinquisitor Zweihänder (talk) 17:10, 9 November 2012 (UTC)

I agree and this should be done. 50.250.238.149 (talk) 06:05, 14 February 2015 (UTC)

I think this is resolved by my move from ?: to Ternary conditional operator. Matma Rex talk 22:24, 1 November 2022 (UTC)

Better Examples

the example given for JS is currently:

var fooNotNull = (foo !== null) ? true : false;
var timeout = settings !== null ? settings.timeout : 1000;

Which is great if you already understand the ternary operator; you are able to figure out what the example is doing. If you don't it's cryptic. The example used on MSDN is much better and as follows:

var now = new Date();
var greeting = "Good" + ((now.getHours() > 17) ? " evening." : " day.");

Which it goes on to explain as:

var now = new Date();
var greeting = "Good";
if (now.getHours() > 17)
   greeting += " evening.";
else
   greeting += " day.";

Which is a million times better because even without knowing the ternary form you can see what is trying to be achieved. Obviously we can't lift MS's example but there must be many many more examples where the reader could understand the intention and therefore use it to understand the operator. such as

var hemisphere = latitude >= 0 ? "northern" : "southern";

week day / weekend. morning / afternoon. anything where the test is intuitively obvious so we can learn the form by reading it. It may help if all the examples were the same.Flagpolewiki (talk) 15:51, 27 September 2014 (UTC)

Well i'm going to go ahead and change this. Flagpolewiki (talk) 11:14, 13 December 2014 (UTC)

Overcomplicated

For a noobie this article is not readable as it is to complicated! Whoever happens to navigate here does not know what :? operator is. Also that person have no clue to lots of other things in programming. An expert SE however have no reason to be looking for this stuff anyway. So mind the noobies and dont worry about the pros. — Preceding unsigned comment added by AlphaOmega2211 (talk • contribs) 13:00, 25 December 2014 (UTC)

I agree. It is only understandable by someone who already understands it. which is which i proposed using better examples. Flagpolewiki (talk) 09:46, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

Error in description of GCC extension ?

It now states that

 a == x ? : y;

is equivalent to

 a == x ? x : y;

I think this is incorrect (but I'm not an expert). It should say

 a == x ? a==x : y;

The GCC manual says: x ? : y is equivalent to x ? x : y

The sample here confirms my point.

#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
        double a=3.0;
        double x=3.0;
// condition is true, wikipedia expression fails.
        double p = a == x ? : y;
        double q = a == x ? x : y;
        double r = a == x ? x==a : y;
        printf("%g %g %g\n",p,q,r);
 
// condition is false  , here wikipedia is correct    
        a=3.0;
        x=2.0;
        p = a == x ? : y;
        q = a == x ? x : y;
        r= a == x ? a==x : y;  
        printf("%g %g %g\n",p,q,r);  
}

This article has too many code samples

Wikipedia is not Rosetta Code. I think a list of "these languages have it", "these languages don't need a dedicated syntax for it", "these sort of have it" and "these don't" with some code samples where necessary would be useful, but this article is just a pile of "add your favorite language" and little actual substance.

And also ?:#Programming_languages_without_the_conditional_operator mentions Rust and CoffeScript, both of which are in the #Usage section as well. Akeosnhaoe (talk) 06:14, 6 April 2021 (UTC)