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{{Short description|Sultan of Bengal from 1565 to 1572}} |
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Sulaiman Karrani erigned Bengal for about eight (1265-1572)years.The Bengal sultannate aquired and unwaaonted strength under this dynasty.and became for a time the most dominating power in north eastern INdia.From the Kuch frontier to Puriin Orissaand from the Son to the Brahmaputra.The extinction of the victorious rroyal banches of the Sur royal houselest Sulaimani Karrani withoutanypossible rival in hindustan beyound the easteern frontier of the Moghul empire which was then halted at the Son river.His watchful opportunist policyand srewd use of aggretionand dipolomatic suppleness alikeahich Abul Fajal miscalls hishypocrrritical manne and fraud. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}} |
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{{Infobox royalty |
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| name = Sulaiman Karrani |
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| title = |
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| image = |
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| caption = |
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| succession = 27th [[Sultan of Bengal]] |
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| reign = 1565–11 October 1572 |
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| coronation = 1565 |
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| father = |
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| full name = Sulaiman Khan Karrani |
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| predecessor = [[Taj Khan Karrani]] |
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| successor = [[Bayazid Khan Karrani]] |
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| issue = [[Bayazid Khan Karrani|Bayazid]], [[Daud Khan Karrani|Daud]] and one daughter |
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| regent = |
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| house = [[Karrani dynasty|Karrani]] |
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| birth_name = |
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| birth_date = |
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| birth_place = |
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| death_date = 11 October 1572 |
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| death_place = [[Tanda, Bengal|Tanda]], [[Bengal Sultanate]] |
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| date of burial = October 1572 |
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| place of burial = [[Tanda, Bengal|Tanda]], [[Bengal Sultanate]] |
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| religion = [[Sunni Islam]] |
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| module = {{Infobox military person |
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| embed = yes |
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| battles = * [[Bengal Sultanate conquest of Orissa]] |
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}} |
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}} |
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{{Bengal Sultanate}} |
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'''Sulaiman Khan Karrani''' ({{langx|bn|সুলায়মান খান কররানী}}, {{langx|fa|{{Nastaliq|سليمان خان کرانی}}}}; reigned: 1565–1572) was an Afghan [[Sultan of Bengal]]. He ascended to the throne after the death of his brother [[Taj Khan Karrani]].<ref name="Hasan2007" /> According to the ''[[Riyaz-us-Salatin]]'', he shifted the seat of government from [[Gaur, West Bengal|Gaur]] to [[Tanda, Bengal|Tanda]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760|last=Eaton|first=Richard M.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/riseofislambenga00eato/page/140 140–2]|isbn=0-520-20507-3|year=1993|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|url=https://archive.org/details/riseofislambenga00eato/page/140|language=en}}</ref> |
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Sulaiman, his brother Taj and Sulaiman's sons [[Bayazid Khan Karrani|Bayazid]] and [[Daud Khan Karrani]] ran a short-lived [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] vassal state of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]] in [[Bengal]]. They dominated the area while Sulaiman paid [[Homage (feudal)|homage]] to the Akbar. The Afghans defeated by Akbar began to flock under his flag. The Afghans were not technically the rulers of Bengal, the post was primarily nominal. |
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He carried outthrough a long and interrnallytranquil reignbroughr to him a remarkable range of territorry,treasure and armed sourses.Delhi nad Oudh,Allahabad and Gwaliorhaving fallen to the hand of the Mughals,The Afghan soldiers found their sole regggggggggggfugeannnnnnd mmmmeans of subsistenceunderrrtheir fellow classmce there was a large gathering of the last survivors of Shar Shar's veteran armyunder Sulaman's banners.He built up a hug w treasurrrrrry by raiding Orisa and cochbiharr.Annnnnnnd established his hold ovewr the unsubdued Bengaldistricts north and east to his capital Tanffda. |
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==Relation with Akbar== |
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His ownership of the best elephants in Indiaenabled him to increasehis forse of these animals to more than a thousand.Nothing could oppose these huge moving mattaring rams,exeptr the Turki mounted archers followingParthian tactics and the improved muskateers mounted on other elephantswitneed how the Bengal army deafeted and made captive of the evervictorious Kuch king. |
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Sulaiman Khan Karrani did not establish his own [[coin]]age during his reign, an act that would have been tantamount to declaring [[Sovereign state|statehood]] to the ruling [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]].<ref name="Hasan2007" /> He also honored Akbar as the supreme ruler of Bengal by requiring that mosques read Akbar's name in the [[Khutbah]], the sermon at the Friday congregational prayers in Bengal.<ref name="Hasan2007" /> Historians cite these acts as keeping the diplomatic peace between Bengal and Mughal Empire during Akbar's lifetime.<ref name="Hasan2007">{{cite book |last=Hasan |first=Perween |year=2007 |title=Sultans and Mosques: The Early Muslim Architecture of Bangladesh |publisher=I.B.Tauris |pages=17–18 |isbn=978-1-84511-381-0 |quote=When Taj Khan died in 1565 ... his brother Sulayman succeeded him. During Sultan Sulayman's reign from 1565 to 1572 ... He diplomatically kept the Mughal emperor Akbar placated by reading his [Akbar's] name from the pulpit on Fridays (''khutba''), and never striking his own coins ... When Daud, Sulayman's son took over he started striking his own coins and had his own name read in the khutba, acts tantamount to official declaration of independence.}}</ref> |
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==Conquest of odisha== |
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With these irresistable troopsSulaiman made himself supreme of all north eastern India.This peace which he was able toenforthis fertile probbbvince rapidly increased his revenuw,and he defotedhis leisure to promoteing his subjects happiness by doing justice ,patronising holy men and muslum scholars and enforcing the quranic law ofby his personal examples and regulations. |
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{{Main|Karrani conquest of Orissa}} |
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Though northern India and parts of southern India were ruled by the Muslim rulers, they had not yet been able to conquer [[Odisha]]. In 1568 Sulaiman Khan sent his son [[Bayazid Khan Karrani]] and the famous general [[Kalapahad]] (Kala Pahar) against Mukunda Deva, the king of [[Utkal]] Odisha. After a few major battles against the Odias, and aided by [[civil war]] elsewhere in Odisha, Sulaiman was able to bring the entire area under his rule. [[Kalapahad]] sacked the [[Jagannath temple]] and took Puri under control. Sulaiman Karrani appointed [[Prithimpassa family|Ismail Khan Lodhi]] as Governor of [[Odisha]] and Qutlu Khan Lohani as Governor of [[Puri]] respectively.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin|article=Sulaiman Karrani}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715113231/http://prithimpassaestate.com/history.html|url=http://prithimpassaestate.com/history.html|website=Prithimpassa Nawab Family|title=Brief History of the Family|archive-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> after that 1568 CE, Odisha came under the control of Sulaiman Khan Karrani of Karrani dynasty, who was the ruler of the Sultanate of Bengal. The year of c.1568 CE is important in the history of Odisha, as Odisha never emerged as an independent kingdom again. |
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==Conquest of Koch Bihar== |
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In his foreign relations he was equally successful.He too care of avoid gigivving the offenceto the Mughal emperor anggggdplacated Akbar's viceroys on the western front,likeKhan-eKhan and Khan-eJAmanby means of friendly communications and rich presents.Sulaiman had Akbar's nmame read from the pulp[it as his suzerein and himself never sat on the throne norno stamped his ownn coins nor assumed any other mark of royalty.though he styled himaself ala hzrat andbehaved to othes with the dignity of a king. |
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Sulaiman Khan Karrani is said to have sent Kalapahad against the [[Kamata Kingdom|Kamata]] (later [[Cooch Behar State|Koch Bihar]] under the Mughals) king, [[Koch dynasty|Vishwa Singha]]. Kala Pahad crossed the [[Brahmaputra River]] and advanced as far as Tejapur (modern-day [[Dinajpur District (Bangladesh)|Dinajpur District, Bangladesh]]). He defeated and captured the Kamata general Shukla-Dhwaja, third son of [[Biswa Singha of Kamata|Bishwa Singha]]. Later Shukla-Dhwaja was released and regained Koch Bihar.{{fact|date=June 2024}} |
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==Religion== |
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The successof his reign especiallyy diplomacy waaasmostly due to the jewl of his wazirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr,Lodi Khan.who vombinedthe greateest fidelityu to his masterwith keen political insightt wise moderationnnn and unfailed tact.Sso long as Lodi livedHe kept the unruly inorant afghan captainsout of foolish advvvventurethat would have ruined their Bengal monarchy. |
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Sulaiman was a devouted [[Muslim]] and built the Sona [[mosque]] in old Maldah.<ref name=bpedia />[[`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni]] mentions that every morning Sulaiman would hold a devotional meeting with 150 Shaikhs and Ulama and only thereafter would go about transaction of state business <ref>{{cite book|author=Abul Fazl Allami (translated by H. Blochman)|title=Ain i Akbari|location=Calcutta|year=1873}}</ref> |
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==Death and succession== |
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Sulaiman Karrani died on 11 October 1572, leaving his empire to his son, [[Bayazid Khan Karrani]]. He was buried in [[Tanda, Bengal|Tanda]], the capital of his [[Sultanate]].<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Ibrahim, Muhammad|article=Rule of Afghans}}</ref> |
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{{S-start}} |
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{{Succession box| |
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before=[[Taj Khan Karrani]]| |
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title=[[Karrani dynasty]]| |
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years=1565-1572| |
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after=[[Bayazid Khan Karrani]]}} |
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{{S-end}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of rulers of Bengal]] |
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*[[History of Bengal]] |
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*[[History of Bangladesh]] |
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*[[History of India]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Karrani dynasty}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Karrani, Sulaiman Khan}} |
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[[Category:1572 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]] |
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[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]] |
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[[Category:16th-century Afghan people]] |
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[[Category:Karrani dynasty]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:12, 22 October 2024
| Sulaiman Karrani | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27th Sultan of Bengal | |||||
| Reign | 1565–11 October 1572 | ||||
| Coronation | 1565 | ||||
| Predecessor | Taj Khan Karrani | ||||
| Successor | Bayazid Khan Karrani | ||||
| Died | 11 October 1572 Tanda, Bengal Sultanate | ||||
| Burial | October 1572 | ||||
| Issue | Bayazid, Daud and one daughter | ||||
| |||||
| House | Karrani | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
| Military career | |||||
| Battles / wars | |||||
| Part of a series on the |
| Bengal Sultanate |
|---|
 |
Sulaiman Khan Karrani (Bengali: সুলায়মান খান কররানী, Persian: سليمان خان کرانی; reigned: 1565–1572) was an Afghan Sultan of Bengal. He ascended to the throne after the death of his brother Taj Khan Karrani.[1] According to the Riyaz-us-Salatin, he shifted the seat of government from Gaur to Tanda.[2]
Sulaiman, his brother Taj and Sulaiman's sons Bayazid and Daud Khan Karrani ran a short-lived Afghan vassal state of Mughal emperor Akbar in Bengal. They dominated the area while Sulaiman paid homage to the Akbar. The Afghans defeated by Akbar began to flock under his flag. The Afghans were not technically the rulers of Bengal, the post was primarily nominal.
Relation with Akbar
[edit]Sulaiman Khan Karrani did not establish his own coinage during his reign, an act that would have been tantamount to declaring statehood to the ruling Mughals.[1] He also honored Akbar as the supreme ruler of Bengal by requiring that mosques read Akbar's name in the Khutbah, the sermon at the Friday congregational prayers in Bengal.[1] Historians cite these acts as keeping the diplomatic peace between Bengal and Mughal Empire during Akbar's lifetime.[1]
Conquest of odisha
[edit]Though northern India and parts of southern India were ruled by the Muslim rulers, they had not yet been able to conquer Odisha. In 1568 Sulaiman Khan sent his son Bayazid Khan Karrani and the famous general Kalapahad (Kala Pahar) against Mukunda Deva, the king of Utkal Odisha. After a few major battles against the Odias, and aided by civil war elsewhere in Odisha, Sulaiman was able to bring the entire area under his rule. Kalapahad sacked the Jagannath temple and took Puri under control. Sulaiman Karrani appointed Ismail Khan Lodhi as Governor of Odisha and Qutlu Khan Lohani as Governor of Puri respectively.[3][4] after that 1568 CE, Odisha came under the control of Sulaiman Khan Karrani of Karrani dynasty, who was the ruler of the Sultanate of Bengal. The year of c.1568 CE is important in the history of Odisha, as Odisha never emerged as an independent kingdom again.
Conquest of Koch Bihar
[edit]Sulaiman Khan Karrani is said to have sent Kalapahad against the Kamata (later Koch Bihar under the Mughals) king, Vishwa Singha. Kala Pahad crossed the Brahmaputra River and advanced as far as Tejapur (modern-day Dinajpur District, Bangladesh). He defeated and captured the Kamata general Shukla-Dhwaja, third son of Bishwa Singha. Later Shukla-Dhwaja was released and regained Koch Bihar.[citation needed]
Religion
[edit]Sulaiman was a devouted Muslim and built the Sona mosque in old Maldah.[3]`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni mentions that every morning Sulaiman would hold a devotional meeting with 150 Shaikhs and Ulama and only thereafter would go about transaction of state business [5]
Death and succession
[edit]Sulaiman Karrani died on 11 October 1572, leaving his empire to his son, Bayazid Khan Karrani. He was buried in Tanda, the capital of his Sultanate.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Hasan, Perween (2007). Sultans and Mosques: The Early Muslim Architecture of Bangladesh. I.B.Tauris. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-1-84511-381-0.
When Taj Khan died in 1565 ... his brother Sulayman succeeded him. During Sultan Sulayman's reign from 1565 to 1572 ... He diplomatically kept the Mughal emperor Akbar placated by reading his [Akbar's] name from the pulpit on Fridays (khutba), and never striking his own coins ... When Daud, Sulayman's son took over he started striking his own coins and had his own name read in the khutba, acts tantamount to official declaration of independence.
- ^ Eaton, Richard M. (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 140–2. ISBN 0-520-20507-3.
- ^ a b Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Sulaiman Karrani". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
- ^ "Brief History of the Family". Prithimpassa Nawab Family. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ Abul Fazl Allami (translated by H. Blochman) (1873). Ain i Akbari. Calcutta.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Ibrahim, Muhammad (2012). "Rule of Afghans". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 10 January 2025.