Bicycle commuting: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Use of a bicycle to travel}} |
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{{Article issues| cleanup = March 2007 |
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[[Image:Urban cycling III.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Ringstraße]], [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], 2005]] |
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| howto = November 2007 |
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'''Bicycle commuting''' is the use of a [[bicycle]] to travel from home to a place of work or study — in contrast to the use of a bicycle for [[bicycle racing|sport]], recreation or [[bicycle touring|touring]]. |
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| Refimprove = April 2009 |
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|date=April 2009}} |
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[[Commuting]] especially lends itself to areas with relatively flat terrain and arrangements to keep riders relatively safe from the hazards of [[traffic accident|accidents]] with [[motorized traffic]], e.g. separated [[bicycle lane]]s and a general acceptance of cyclists as [[traffic participant]]s. The rise of the [[electric bicycle]] which is quickly surpassing the sales of conventional bicycles will effectively increase bicycle commuting in hilly areas and allow for longer journeys.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-07-06/electric-motors-might-change-congestion-cycle/11282384|title=Electric bikes lead the charge to short circuit big cities' congestion cycle|newspaper=ABC News|date=5 July 2019}}</ref> |
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{{Portal|Cycling}} |
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A [[bike bus]] is a form of collective [[bicycle]] commuting where participants cycle together on a set route following a set [[Public transport timetable|timetable]]. Cyclists may join or leave the bike bus at various points along the route. |
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'''Bicycle commuting''' is the act of [[commuting]] to a place of work or education by bicycle, a common form of [[utility cycling]]. Bicycling is the dominant mode of commuting in countries such as [[India]] and [[China]] {{Fact|date=April 2009}} and is also common in many [[Europe]]an countries (though rare in most parts of the [[United States]]).<ref>{{cite web |
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[[File:Ciclista-urbana-brasil.jpg|thumb|A woman carrying plants while commuting by bike on the Minhocão, São Paulo, Brazil.]] |
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Bicycles are used for commuting worldwide. In some places, like the Netherlands, [[cycling]] to work is very common. Elsewhere, commuting by car or [[public transport]] is the norm, and cycle commuting occurs only in isolated pockets, as in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web |
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| last = Mozer |
| last = Mozer |
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| first = David |
| first = David |
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| authorlink = |
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| coauthors = |
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| title = Bicycle Statistics: Usage, Production, Sales, Import, Export |
| title = Bicycle Statistics: Usage, Production, Sales, Import, Export |
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| work = |
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| publisher = |
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| date = |
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| url = http://www.ibike.org/library/statistics-data.htm |
| url = http://www.ibike.org/library/statistics-data.htm |
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}}</ref> [[Mixed-mode commuting]] combines the use of a bicycle with [[public transportation]] for commuting. |
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| accessdate = }}</ref> |
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Cycling is an inexpensive means of [[transportation]] as well as good [[physical exercise]].<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341286587_Perspectives_on_exercise_intensity_volume_and_energy_expenditure_in_habitual_cycle_commuting Schantz P, Salier Eriksson, J, Rosdahl, H. 2020. Perspectives on exercise intensity, volume and energy expenditure in habitual cycle commuting. Front. Sports Act. Living 2:65]</ref> Bicycle commuting offers potential health, economic, and quality of life benefits — potentially offsetting some of the risks and inconveniences inherent in cycling. When compared to driving, cycling's inconveniences include limitations to travel distance, security risks, increased travel time, safety risks, impact to personal hygiene, exposure to inclement weather, and load carrying limitations. |
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[[Image:Urban cycling III.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Ringstraße]], [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], 2005]] |
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In the West it is common to combine bicycle commuting with [[public transport]] (also known as [[mixed-mode commuting]]). [[Folding bicycle]]s are used if space, fees or restrictions interfere with taking full size bicycles along. Another alternative is to have a bicycle parked at a station. |
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Bicycle features that enhance commuting include racks or [[pannier]]s for storage, battery or dynamo-powered [[bicycle lighting|lights]] for increased visibility, mudguards or fenders to minimize the impact of inclement weather, a chain guard to protect clothing, and an upright sitting position for increased visibility. 2008 saw the rise of bikes in the U.S with similar features, so-called ''commuter bikes,'' which are geared directly at riders looking to use bicycles for daily work and study travel.<ref name="Hopes">{{cite news |
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Worldwide the bicycle is probably the most common commuter vehicle, and the second most common form of commuting after walking. While the absolute number of bicycles in existence globally may not be known, it is clear that significantly more (about twice as many) bicycles are produced than automobiles.<ref>{{cite web |
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| title = Big Hopes for Commuting by Bike |
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| last = Roney |
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| author = John Markoff |
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| work = The New York Times |
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| authorlink = |
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| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/10/business/big-hopes-for-commuting-by-bike.html?scp=12&sq=bicycle+industry&st=nyt |
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| coauthors = |
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| date=2002-10-10 |
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| title = Bicycles Pedaling Into the Spotlight |
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| access-date=2010-09-20}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=September 2010}} |
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| work = |
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In geographic areas where winter weather creates the likelihood of snow or ice on a bike commuter's route, studded [[bicycle tires]] are another feature that can improve the cyclist's safety while commuting, by increasing the tires' traction on slippery road surfaces. |
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| publisher = |
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| date = 2008-05-12 |
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| url = http://www.earth-policy.org/Indicators/Bike/2008.htm |
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| accessdate = }}</ref> |
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==United States== |
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While different hardware serves different users in different countries, the following features are useful to many: a rear rack or panier, [[bicycle lighting|lights]] (preferably driven by an axle dynamo), disk brakes, mudguards (also called fenders), a chain guard, [[Hub gear]]s, and an upright sitting position. |
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In 2008, the [[Bicycle Commuter Benefit Act]] became law as part of the bailout bill. According to census data, men are the primary beneficiaries, since, a decade later, men overwhelmingly made up the majority of bicycle commuters.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gene Balk |title=Seattle bike commuting hits 10-year low, census data show |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-bike-commuting-hits-10-year-low-census-data-show/ |access-date=10 January 2019 |work=The Seattle Times |date=26 September 2018 |quote=Also in the new census data: 78 percent of Seattle bike commuters are male. Men make up the majority of cyclists in every major city, but Seattle has the most lopsided gender balance among the top 10 cities. The one coming closest to gender parity, with women making up nearly 40 percent of its bike commuters, is Minneapolis.}}</ref> |
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The [[United States Census]] collects information from respondents about Means of Transportation to Work. Bicycle has been an option since the 1980 Census. The Census does not collect information about transportation means to school. [[List of U.S. cities with most bicycle commuters]]. |
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== Advantages of bicycle commuting== |
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===Health advantages=== |
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{{Main|Physical exercise}} |
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Better physical health, including reduced risk of [[heart disease]], is one benefit of bicycle commuting. The National Institute for Health has increased the suggested amount of exercise from half an hour to an hour a day.<ref>Brooks GA, Butte NF, Rand WM, Flatt JP, Caballero B: Chronicle of the Institute of Medicine physical activity recommendation: how a physical activity recommendation came to be among dietary recommendations. Am J Clin Nutr 79:921S–930S, 2004 |
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[http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/79/5/921S]</ref> Bicycle commuting can provide recommended daily exercise for people who don't work their muscles on the job. Furthermore, since the exercise has a practical purpose, less self discipline is required for the rider to maintain the regimen. |
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==The Netherlands== |
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Integrating moderate cardiovascular exercise into daily routines is highly beneficial to health, protecting against [[coronary heart disease]], some [[cancer]]s and reducing incidence of [[obesity]].<ref>Murphy MH 2006. The effect of a worksite based walking programme on cardiovascular risk in previously sedentary civil servants. BMC Public Health 2006 May 22;6:136 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16716211&query_hl=10&itool=pubmed_docsum]</ref> At least one study has shown that transportational cycling confers additional benefit even among those who are otherwise fit. Commuting by bicycle is often a good way to improve a person's health during a period of time that is often spent sitting in traffic. |
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[[File:Amsterdam cycle chic.jpg|thumb|A woman riding a bike in Amsterdam, where commuting at least partially by bike is the norm.]] |
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{{main|Cycling in the Netherlands}} |
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In the [[Netherlands]], commuting by bicycle is common, as is the combined use of the bicycle with public transportation. In their programmes for the parliamentary elections, almost all Dutch political parties add paragraphs in which they vow to enhance facilities for bicycle commuting. The political party [[GroenLinks]] even promotes a principle called "''Groen Reizen''" (''green travelling''), in which the choice to use bicycles and public transportation plays a key role.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/02/dutch-parliamentary-elections-everything-you-need-to-know-brexit-vote-trump-geert-wilders Dutch Elections: All You Need to Know]</ref> |
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In some countries [[health insurance|health insurers]] actively support bicycle commuting. In Germany the campaign ''Mit dem Rad zur Arbeit''<ref>{{de icon}}http://www.mit-dem-rad-zur-arbeit.de/</ref> – which started in 2001 as a regional pilot project – has become a success in all 16 [[States of Germany|states]] with 17,901 companies and 168,589 people participating in 2008.<ref>{{de icon}}http://www.adfc.de/2944_1</ref> |
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== Canada == |
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Measures that promote physical health, including [[aerobic exercise]], have been shown to reduce the symptoms of depression [http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/cda/dept37389/files/203820.html]. Bicycle commuters in general enjoy greater productivity, and (particularly for the [[White-collar worker|deskbound]]) a balance for the day, particularly in combination with stopping and stretching. |
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{{main|Cycling in Canada}} |
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[[Statistics Canada]] collects information in a national census held every five years that includes data about how Canadians travel to work in [[Census geographic units of Canada|Census Metropolitan Areas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/98-200-x/2016029/98-200-x2016029-eng.cfm|title=Census in Brief: Commuters using sustainable transportation in census metropolitan areas|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca|date=29 November 2017|language=en|access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref> Commuting by bicycle has a low overall percent of commuters by bike at 1.4% but commuting by bicycle is the fastest growing method of commuting, increasing by 87.9% from 1996 to 2016, outpacing the overall growth in the number of commuters. |
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==See also== |
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===Economic advantages=== |
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{{Portal|Transport}} |
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Transport is the number two cost after housing for most households in rich countries. Automobiles are particularly expensive, as seen in '''[[Economics of automobile ownership]]''' and people who use cheaper transport can use the money elsewhere. Bike commuters can save on gas, oil changes, brake repairs, tires, car washes, parking fees, and a gym membership. |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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For an example see [http://www.oasisdesign.net/transport/cars/cost.htm What do cars really cost?]. |
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===Quality-of-life advantages=== |
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Biking causes far less adverse environmental impact than any other travel mode, possibly even including walking. Since walking is physical exercise, more food must be produced to power a pedestrian over a given distance relative to a vehicle<ref>Worldwatch Institute - World Watch Magazine, March/April 2006, Volume 19, No. 2[http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4057]</ref>. |
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"Bicycle Commuting Advantages" taken from The Way of the Bicycle, by [http://www.oasisdesign.net Oasis Design Press] |
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== Issues with cycle commuting == |
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A number objections are raised by those who use alternative transport. While these concerns are not without basis in fact, most issues have been solved in one way or another by those who are committed to cycle commuting. |
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===Distance=== |
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[[Image:Brompton5.jpeg|thumb|right|A folding bicycle is a common element in mixed-mode commuting]] |
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[[Image:Bicycle in a train Luxembourg.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mixed-mode commuting in a train in Luxembourg]] |
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Distance of travel is a significant limiting factor in cycle commuting. The distance an individual would be prepared to cycle, and the distance over which cycling is quicker or more convenient than other modes, will vary greatly by age, body type, personality and location. It is uncommon to find people in the West commuting more than 15 km (10 miles) each way solely by bicycle, but mixed-mode commuting (e.g. bike plus train) is more common<ref>http://www.bicyclinglife.com/Library/Moritz1.htm</ref>. |
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London and Boston are examples of cities offering a range of options for a mixed commute. Rail stations have substantial bike parking for commuters who cycle from the station to the office and leave their bike locked up at each end. Others use [[folding bicycle]]s or travel off-peak<ref>{{cite web | url = http://usingbicycles.blogspot.com/2008/04/mixed-mode-commuting-in-boston.html | title = Mixed-Mode Commuting in Boston | work = Using Bicycles | author = Sherwood Stranieri | date = 2008-04-25 | accessdate = 2008-07-26 }}</ref>, when cycles may be carried on overground trains. Still others cycle to their local station and leave the bike there, traveling from the rail station on foot, by bus or by subway. |
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===Safety=== |
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{{main|Bicycle safety}} |
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Safety measures for bicycle commuters differ little from those for other cyclists. [[Bicycle-friendly]] roads, though useful for all users, are sometimes promoted for the specific purpose of encouraging commuting. |
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===Load carrying=== |
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The capacity for load storage on a bicycle is less than for most motor vehicles. [[Messenger bag]]s, [[bike rack]]s, [[pannier]]s, crates, bike modifications, and [[bike trailer]]s can increase the bicycle's load capacity, but perhaps the easiest option is simply using a [[backpack]]. The backpack also moves the center of gravity higher. In most cases the carrying of a change of clothes, small toolkit, wind and waterproof clothing, and work paraphernalia is practical. Special luggage is available for carrying laptop computers safely, although these may also be carried in normal bike luggage with a little ingenuity. |
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===Security=== |
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The risk of theft of a bicycle over a motor vehicle is higher due to their ease of transport by the perpetrator. {{Fact|date=January 2009}} To combat this risk, security measures make theft more difficult and time-consuming, and less appealing to the would-be perpetrator. These methods include: |
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* Using a, non [[Tubular pin tumbler lock|tubular key]]-based [[Bicycle Lock|u-lock]]. |
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* Using multiple locking techniques - [[Bicycle Lock|u-lock]] and a chain / cable with a padlock. |
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* Removing any quick-release components such as the front wheel and saddle. |
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** Alternatives include securing components with cables, replacing [[Quick release skewer|quick release]] components with skewers or devices requiring a tool, or securing quick release levers with [[hose clamp]]s. |
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* Locking all wheels and the frame to a [[bicycle stand]]. |
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** If a bike rack is unavailable, using a forged steel post that cannot be easily removed and the lock cannot be slipped over. The typical urban [[street sign]] is a popular choice. |
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* Locking the bike under cover, unexposed to weather. |
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* Putting tape or adhesive labels on the bike at various locations to make the bike appear less valuable. |
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===Personal hygiene=== |
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Cycling involves some physical exertion, which encourages sweating and the resulting issue of [[body odor]] which can create difficulties for a rider concerning [[dress code]]s. In order to be presentable for work after riding in, a number of techniques are employed, including: showering at work; showering before riding then changing to fresh clothes; riding more sedately so as not to work up a sweat. Some cyclists keep a washcloth, baby [[Wet wipe|wipes]], or microfiber travel towel and clean up in a public restroom upon arrival, wearing wool or any synthetic wicking fabric to keep sweat from lingering long enough to stink. Some commuters also store clothes in a bag at their workplace and change upon arrival. |
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Based on the volume of emails received at the Practical Pedal magazine [http://practicalpedal.com] (a quarterly bicycle commute publication,) concerns about arriving to work in a smelly condition are the most frequently voiced concerns. |
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===Speed=== |
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A cyclist can ride at 12-30+ miles per hour, 19–48 km/h. Depending on the volume of motor vehicle traffic and the distance of the commute, bicycle commuting can be quicker or slower than driving. For longer commutes, a combination strategy using a bicycle and public transit can be effective. For commuters that perform cardiovascular exercise on a regular basis, combining the two activities may result in an overall more efficient approach. As Congressman [[Earl Blumenauer]] once said: "Let's have a minute's silence for all those Americans who are currently sitting in traffic on the way to the gym to ride a stationary bicycle." |
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'''Time to Cover One Mile:''' |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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! [[mph]] |
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! [[km/h]] |
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! time per mile (1600 meters) |
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|- |
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| 30 mph |
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| 48 km/h |
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| 2 minutes |
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|- |
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| 20 mph |
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| 32 km/h |
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| 3 minutes |
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|- |
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| 15 mph |
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| 24 km/h |
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| 4 minutes |
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|- |
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| 12 mph |
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| 19 km/h |
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| 5 minutes |
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|} |
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===Pollution=== |
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Cyclists are exposed to direct pollution from motor vehicles. However, with the cardiovascular activity, their immune system effectiveness is increased reducing the impact the pollution causes.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. A study conducted in Sydney, Australia shows that cyclists are exposed to '''less''' pollution (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes, and NO<sub>2</sub>) than occupants of a car<ref name=australia_study>''[http://www.bfa.asn.au/cms/uploads/resources/hpja_air_pollution_exposure.pdf Comparison of air pollution exposure for five commuting modes in Sydney – car, train, bus, bicycle and walking]'' - Chertok, Michael; Voukelatos, Alexander; Sheppeard, Vicky and Rissel, Chris, ''Health Promotion Journal of Australia'', 2004 : 15 (1)</ref>. This study further reports that "even on the same roadway and taking into account increased respiration", "cyclists in Amsterdam had 2-3 times lower exposure to pollutants than car drivers"<ref name=australia_study/>. (This is possibly because bicyclists do not generally ride in the lanes of motorized traffic and therefore are not exposed as greatly to exhaust fumes, and because car cabins tend to trap particulates and fumes, even with air filters). Environmental groups advocate cycling as a means of reducing pollution. |
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===United States Legislation=== |
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February 2005 - Bike Commuter Act - introduced by Congressman [[Mark Foley]] (Republican-Fla) and Congressman [[Earl Blumenauer]] (Democrat-Ore). |
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March 2007 - Bicycle Commuters Benefits Act (H.R.807, S.2635), introduced by Senator [[Ron Wyden]] (Democrat-OR), and currently co-sponsored by Senators Olympia Snowe (Republican-ME), Maria Cantwell (Democrat-WA), Susan Collins (Republican-ME), Richard Durbin (Democrat-Ill), Robert Menendez (Democrat-NJ), Daniel Inouye (Democrat-HI), Norm Coleman (Republican-MN), and Mike Enzi (Republican-WY). |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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== See also == |
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*[[Bicycle-friendly]] |
*[[Bicycle-friendly]] |
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*[[Bicycle mobility]] |
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*[[Bicycle transportation engineering]] |
*[[Bicycle transportation engineering]] |
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*[[Bike to Work Week Victoria]] |
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*[[Bike-to-Work Day]] |
*[[Bike-to-Work Day]] |
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*[[List of U.S. cities with most bicycle commuters]] |
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*[[Cycling infrastructure]] |
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*[[European city bike]] |
*[[European city bike]] |
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*[[Environmental impact of transport]] |
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*[[Segregated cycle facilities]] |
*[[Segregated cycle facilities]] |
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*[[Icebiking]] |
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*[[Times-up!]] |
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*[[Utility bicycle]] |
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*[[Utility cycling]] |
*[[Utility cycling]] |
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*[[Bicycle safety]] |
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*[[Bicycle parking]] |
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*[[Bike bus]] |
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{{div col end}} |
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== |
==References== |
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<references/> |
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{{commonscat|Commuting}} |
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==External links== |
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;General |
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{{commons category|Commuting by bicycle}} |
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*[http://www.biketoworkweek.org/ Bike to Work Week/Day Map and Events List] |
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*[http://commutebybike.com/cats/commuting-101/ Commuting 101] commutebybike.com |
*[http://commutebybike.com/cats/commuting-101/ Commuting 101] commutebybike.com |
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*[http://www.brooklyncruiser.com/blog/commuter-bike-meccas-united-states/ Commuter Bike Meccas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924013433/http://www.brooklyncruiser.com/blog/commuter-bike-meccas-united-states/ |date=2012-09-24 }} |
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*[http://www.commutebybike.net/ Commute by bike] CommuteByBike.net |
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*[http://blog.sparefoot.com/eight-best-cities-for-cyclists-infographic/ 8 Best Cities for Cyclists] |
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*[http://www.bikecommuters.com/ Bike & equipment reviews] BikeCommuters.com |
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*[http://cicle.org/bike_now/bikenow_menu.php#menu Resources for the Aspiring Bike Commuter] C.I.C.L.E. |
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*[http://www.bicyclinglife.com/PracticalCycling/ Practical cycling] Bicycling Life |
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*[http://www.biketraffic.org/trickstips/ Biking to Work Manual] Chicagoland Bicycle Federation |
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*[http://www.pinoymtbiker.org/forum/forumdisplay.php?f=26/ Bike Commuting in the Philippines] |
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*[http://www.runmuki.com/commute Commuting pages] Paul Dorn |
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*[http://www.kenkifer.com/bikepages/commute/ Commuting pages] Ken Kifer |
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*[http://www.lcc.org.uk/index.asp?Pageid=111 Commuting Advice] London Cycling Campaign |
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*[http://www.recombinantrecords.net/2009/01/20/bicycle-versus-bus/ "Bicycle versus Bus" cartoon] comparing one artist's experiences in [[Brisbane]] |
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*[http://CommunityCycles.org/links.html A list of bicycle collectives and coops promoting bike commuting] |
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[[Australia]] |
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*[http://www.bikecollectives.org/wiki/index.php?title=List_of_Community_Bicycle_Groups BikeCollectives Wiki international listing of community bicycle groups] |
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{{cb start}} |
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{{Utility cycling}} |
{{Utility cycling}} |
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{{ |
{{Cycling}} |
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[[Category:Utility cycling|Commuting]] |
[[Category:Utility cycling|Commuting]] |
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[[es:Ciclismo urbano]] |
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[[ja:自転車通勤]] |
Latest revision as of 23:41, 27 March 2024
Bicycle commuting is the use of a bicycle to travel from home to a place of work or study — in contrast to the use of a bicycle for sport, recreation or touring.
Commuting especially lends itself to areas with relatively flat terrain and arrangements to keep riders relatively safe from the hazards of accidents with motorized traffic, e.g. separated bicycle lanes and a general acceptance of cyclists as traffic participants. The rise of the electric bicycle which is quickly surpassing the sales of conventional bicycles will effectively increase bicycle commuting in hilly areas and allow for longer journeys.[1]
A bike bus is a form of collective bicycle commuting where participants cycle together on a set route following a set timetable. Cyclists may join or leave the bike bus at various points along the route.
Bicycles are used for commuting worldwide. In some places, like the Netherlands, cycling to work is very common. Elsewhere, commuting by car or public transport is the norm, and cycle commuting occurs only in isolated pockets, as in the United States.[2] Mixed-mode commuting combines the use of a bicycle with public transportation for commuting.
Cycling is an inexpensive means of transportation as well as good physical exercise.[3] Bicycle commuting offers potential health, economic, and quality of life benefits — potentially offsetting some of the risks and inconveniences inherent in cycling. When compared to driving, cycling's inconveniences include limitations to travel distance, security risks, increased travel time, safety risks, impact to personal hygiene, exposure to inclement weather, and load carrying limitations.
Bicycle features that enhance commuting include racks or panniers for storage, battery or dynamo-powered lights for increased visibility, mudguards or fenders to minimize the impact of inclement weather, a chain guard to protect clothing, and an upright sitting position for increased visibility. 2008 saw the rise of bikes in the U.S with similar features, so-called commuter bikes, which are geared directly at riders looking to use bicycles for daily work and study travel.[4][failed verification] In geographic areas where winter weather creates the likelihood of snow or ice on a bike commuter's route, studded bicycle tires are another feature that can improve the cyclist's safety while commuting, by increasing the tires' traction on slippery road surfaces.
United States
[edit]In 2008, the Bicycle Commuter Benefit Act became law as part of the bailout bill. According to census data, men are the primary beneficiaries, since, a decade later, men overwhelmingly made up the majority of bicycle commuters.[5]
The United States Census collects information from respondents about Means of Transportation to Work. Bicycle has been an option since the 1980 Census. The Census does not collect information about transportation means to school. List of U.S. cities with most bicycle commuters.
The Netherlands
[edit]In the Netherlands, commuting by bicycle is common, as is the combined use of the bicycle with public transportation. In their programmes for the parliamentary elections, almost all Dutch political parties add paragraphs in which they vow to enhance facilities for bicycle commuting. The political party GroenLinks even promotes a principle called "Groen Reizen" (green travelling), in which the choice to use bicycles and public transportation plays a key role.[6]
Canada
[edit]Statistics Canada collects information in a national census held every five years that includes data about how Canadians travel to work in Census Metropolitan Areas.[7] Commuting by bicycle has a low overall percent of commuters by bike at 1.4% but commuting by bicycle is the fastest growing method of commuting, increasing by 87.9% from 1996 to 2016, outpacing the overall growth in the number of commuters.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Electric bikes lead the charge to short circuit big cities' congestion cycle". ABC News. 5 July 2019.
- ^ Mozer, David. "Bicycle Statistics: Usage, Production, Sales, Import, Export".
- ^ Schantz P, Salier Eriksson, J, Rosdahl, H. 2020. Perspectives on exercise intensity, volume and energy expenditure in habitual cycle commuting. Front. Sports Act. Living 2:65
- ^ John Markoff (2002-10-10). "Big Hopes for Commuting by Bike". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-09-20.
- ^ Gene Balk (26 September 2018). "Seattle bike commuting hits 10-year low, census data show". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
Also in the new census data: 78 percent of Seattle bike commuters are male. Men make up the majority of cyclists in every major city, but Seattle has the most lopsided gender balance among the top 10 cities. The one coming closest to gender parity, with women making up nearly 40 percent of its bike commuters, is Minneapolis.
- ^ Dutch Elections: All You Need to Know
- ^ "Census in Brief: Commuters using sustainable transportation in census metropolitan areas". www12.statcan.gc.ca. 29 November 2017. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
External links
[edit]- Bike to Work Week/Day Map and Events List
- Commuting 101 commutebybike.com
- Commuter Bike Meccas Archived 2012-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
- 8 Best Cities for Cyclists