Solanum nelsonii: Difference between revisions

Solanum nelsonii
Conservation status
	; Endangered (ESA)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Solanales
Family:	Solanaceae
Genus:	Solanum
Species:	S. nelsonii
Binomial name
	Solanum nelsonii; Dunal
Synonyms
	See text

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Solanum nelsonii^[2] (often misspelled Solanum nelsoni), common names pōpolo^[3] and Nelson's horsenettle,^[4] is a partially woody sprawling shrub-like perennial plant in the family Solanaceae, part of the Solanum or nightshade genus. This poisonous plant is endemic to the Pacific Islands. It grows low in coastal sites in coral rubble to pure sand.

Solanum nelsonii was listed as an endangered species wherever found by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on September 30, 2016.^[1] Pōpolo is used in restoration projects around the state of Hawaii and the Northwest Hawaiian Islands.

Nelson's horsenettle was first described by Michel Félix Dunal. The scientific name Solanum nelsonii has also – invalidly – been given to two other species of nightshade:

S. nelsonii of Zipp. based on Span. is the S. violaceum described by Ortega.
S. nelsonii of Correll is S. oxycarpum.

Several varieties of Nelson's horsenettle have been described, but they are not usually considered valid anymore:

Solanum nelsonii var. acuminatum F.Br. in Christophersen & Caum

Not to be confused with S. acuminatum as described by Ruiz & Pavón Jiménez.

Solanum nelsonii var. caumii F.Br. In Christophersen & Caum
Solanum nelsonii var. intermedium F.Br. in Christophersen & Caum

Not to be confused with S. intermedium as described by Otto Sendtner in C.F.P. von Martius.

Solanum nelsonii var. thomasiifolium Seem.^[5]

Not to be confused with S. thomasiifolium.

Solanum nelsonii var. typicum F.Br. in Christophersen & Caum
Solanum nelsonii var. vadosum H.St.John

References

^ ^a ^b "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands" (PDF). Federal Register. 81. U.S. Fish and Wildlife: 67786–67860. September 30, 2016. We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), determine endangered status under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), as amended, for 10 animal species, ..., and for 39 plant species from the Hawaiian Islands. This rule adds these species to the Federal Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants.
^ De Candolle (1952). Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Vol. 13. p. 123 – via Missouri Botanical Garden. S. NELSONI, ramis teretibus tomentosis flavo-ferrugineis, foliis ntrinque tomentosis petiolatis cordato-ovatis, subtus candicantibus subnervosis, supra ferrugineis auriculatis, racemis simplicibus suboppositifoliis folio Iongioribus.— In insulis Sandwich (David Nelson, in h. Banks). Lignosum, Petioli basi auriculati, foliis parvis, subsessilibus, ovato-orbicularibus, subcordatis, axillaribus. Pedunculi, pedicelli calycesque tomentosi, ferruginei. Flores pedicellati, cymosi. Calyx tomentosus, 5-fidus, laciniis angustis. Corolla calyce vix duplo longior, extus tomentosa. (v. s. in h. Banks, anno 1819.)
^ "Native Plants Hawaii". nativeplantshawaii.edu. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
^ NRCS. "Solanum nelsonii". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 17 November 2015.
^ "ITIS Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved January 12, 2017.

Footnotes

Solanaceae Source [2008]: Solanum nelsoni. Retrieved 2008-SEP-26.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of shrub}}
-{{taxobox
+{{Speciesbox
-|name = Nelson's Horsenettle
-|image =Starr_050519-1796_Solanum_nelsonii.jpg
+|image = Starr 080603-5696 Solanum nelsonii.jpg
+|image_caption =
-|regnum = [[Plantae]]
+|status = LE
-|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
+|status_system = ESA
-|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
+|status_ref = <ref name=FWS/>
-|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
+|genus = Solanum
-|ordo = [[Solanales]]
+|species = nelsonii
-|familia = [[Solanaceae]]
+|authority = [[Michel Félix Dunal|Dunal]]
-|genus = ''[[Solanum]]''
-|species = '''''S. nelsonii'''''
-|binomial = ''Solanum nelsonii''
-|binomial_authority = [[Dunal]]
 |synonyms = See text
-|}}
+}}
+'''''Solanum nelsonii'''''<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://test.botanicus.org/item/31753003013353#|title=Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis|last=De Candolle|year=1952|volume=13 |issue=1|pages=123|quote=S. NELSONI, ramis teretibus tomentosis flavo-ferrugineis, foliis ntrinque tomentosis petiolatis cordato-ovatis, subtus candicantibus subnervosis, supra ferrugineis auriculatis, racemis simplicibus suboppositifoliis folio Iongioribus.— In insulis Sandwich (David Nelson, in h. Banks). Lignosum, Petioli basi auriculati, foliis parvis, subsessilibus, ovato-orbicularibus, subcordatis, axillaribus. Pedunculi, pedicelli calycesque tomentosi, ferruginei. Flores pedicellati, cymosi. Calyx tomentosus, 5-fidus, laciniis angustis. Corolla calyce vix duplo longior, extus tomentosa. (v. s. in h. Banks, anno 1819.)|via=Missouri Botanical Garden}}</ref> (often misspelled '''''Solanum nelsoni'''''), common names '''pōpolo'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Solanum_nelsonii|title=Native Plants Hawaii|website=nativeplantshawaii.edu|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref> and '''Nelson's horsenettle''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=SONE2|taxon=Solanum nelsonii|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref> is a partially woody sprawling shrub-like [[perennial plant]] in the family [[Solanaceae]], part of the ''[[Solanum]]'' or nightshade genus. This [[poison]]ous plant is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Pacific Islands]]. It grows low in coastal sites in coral rubble to pure [[sand]].
-'''Nelson's Horsenettle''' ('''''Solanum nelsonii''''', often spelled '''''Solanum nelsoni'''''<ref>E.g. Solanaceae Source [2008]</ref>) is an annual to perennial plant in the [[Solanaceae]] family, part of the ''Solanum'' or nightshade genus. The poisonous plant is native to [[Pacific]] islands. It grows low to the ground in sandy soil.
+''Solanum nelsonii'' was listed as an ''endangered species'' wherever found by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on September 30, 2016.<ref name=FWS>{{Cite journal|date=September 30, 2016|title=Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands|url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-09-30/pdf/2016-23112.pdf|journal=Federal Register|publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife|volume=81|pages=67786–67860|quote=We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), determine endangered status under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), as amended, for 10 animal species, ..., and for 39 plant species from the Hawaiian Islands. This rule adds these species to the Federal Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants.}}</ref> Pōpolo is used in restoration projects around the state of [[Hawaii]] and the [[Northwestern Hawaiian Islands|Northwest Hawaiian Islands]].
-Nelson's Horsenettle was first described by [[Michel Félix Dunal]]. The [[scientific name]] ''Solanum nelsonii'' has also &ndash; invalidly &ndash; been given to two other species of nightshade:<ref name = ss2008>Solanaceae Source [2008]</ref>
+[[File:Solanum nelsonii (5188555844).jpg|thumb|left|''Solanum nelsonii'' in flower]]
+Nelson's horsenettle was first described by [[Michel Félix Dunal]]. The [[scientific name]] ''Solanum nelsonii'' has also &ndash; invalidly &ndash; been given to two other species of nightshade:
 * ''S. nelsonii'' of Zipp. based on Span. is the ''[[Solanum violaceum|S. violaceum]]'' described by Ortega.
 * ''S. nelsonii'' of Correll is ''[[Solanum oxycarpum|S. oxycarpum]]''.
-Several [[variety (botany)|varieties]] of Nelson's Horsenettle have been described, but they are not usually considered valid anymore:<ref name = ss2008 />
+Several [[variety (botany)|varieties]] of Nelson's horsenettle have been described, but they are not usually considered valid anymore:
 * ''Solanum nelsonii'' var. ''acuminatum'' <small>F.Br. in Christophersen & Caum</small>
 :Not to be confused with ''[[Solanum acuminatum|S. acuminatum]]'' as described by Ruiz & [[José Antonio Pavón Jiménez|Pavón Jiménez]].
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 * ''Solanum nelsonii'' var. ''intermedium'' <small>F.Br. in Christophersen & Caum</small>
 :Not to be confused with ''[[Solanum intermedium|S. intermedium]]'' as described by [[Otto Sendtner]] in [[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius|C.F.P. von Martius]].
-* ''Solanum nelsonii'' var. ''thomasiifolium'' <small>Seem.</small>
+* ''Solanum nelsonii'' var. ''thomasiifolium'' <small>Seem.</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=30483#null|title=ITIS Report|publisher=Integrated Taxonomic Information System|access-date=January 12, 2017}}</ref>
 :Not to be confused with ''[[Solanum thomasiifolium|S. thomasiifolium]]''.
 * ''Solanum nelsonii'' var. ''typicum'' <small>F.Br. in Christophersen & Caum</small>
 * ''Solanum nelsonii'' var. ''vadosum'' <small>H.St.John</small>
-==Footnotes==
+==References==
+{{Commons category}}
 {{Reflist}}
-==References==
+==Footnotes==
+{{Wikispecies}}
 * {{aut|Solanaceae Source}} [2008]: [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/solanaceaesource/taxonomy/description-detail.jsp?spnumber=4062 ''Solanum nelsoni'']. Retrieved 2008-SEP-26.
 ==Further reading==
-{{No footnotes|date=April 2009}}
+{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2009}}
+{{refbegin}}
-* http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/600max/html/starr_030523_0022_solanum_nelsonii.htm
+*{{cite web |title=''Solanum nelsonii'' (popolo) From Molokai at State nursery Kahului, Maui |date=23 May 2003 |work=Plants of Hawaii |publisher=Images by Forest & Kim Starr |url=http://www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=solanum+nelsonii&o=plants |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812224900/http://www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=solanum+nelsonii&o=plants |archive-date=12 August 2012 }}
-* http://plants.usda.gov/classification/output_report.cgi?3%7CS%7CSOLAN%7Cu%7C140%7C+63
-* Badami S, Prakash O, Dongre SH, Suresh B. In vitro antioxidant properties of Solanum pseudocapsicum leaf extracts. Indian J Pharmacol 2005;37:   251-252
+*{{cite journal |vauthors=Badami S, Prakash O, Dongre SH, Suresh B |title=In vitro antioxidant properties of ''Solanum pseudocapsicum'' leaf extracts |journal=Indian J Pharmacol |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=251–2 |year=2005 |doi=10.4103/0253-7613.16573 |doi-access=free|url=http://www.ijp-online.com/article.asp?issn=0253-7613;year=2005;volume=37;issue=4;spage=251;epage=252;aulast=Badami }}
+*{{cite book |editor-first=Neal L. |editor-last=Evenhuis |editor2-first=Lucius G. |editor2-last=Eldredge |title=Natural History of Nihoa and Necker Islands |publisher=Bishop Museum Press |series=Bulletin in environmental and cultural studies |year=2004 |isbn=158178029X |pages=67–68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ABRFAAAAYAAJ&q=Solanum+nelsonii}}
+*{{cite book |first=John L. |last=Culliney |title=Islands in a Far Sea: The Fate of Nature in Hawai'i |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RygrB67nvp0C |year=2006 |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press |isbn=978-0-8248-2947-6 |page=147}}
+{{refend}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q145569}}
-[[Category:Solanum]]
+[[Category:Solanum|nelsonii]]
 [[Category:Flora of Hawaii]]
 {{Solanales-stub}}
-[[de:Solanum nelsonii]]
-[[es:Solanum nelsonii]]