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{{Short description|1966 book by American lawyer Mark Lane}}
{{unreferenced|date=November 2007}}
{{Infobox book
<!-- |italic title = (see above) -->
| name = Rush to Judgment
| image = File:Rush_to_Judgment_book_cover.jpg
| image_size = 200
| caption = Cover of first American edition
| author = [[Mark Lane (author)|Mark Lane]]
| title_orig =
| translator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = United States
| language =
| series =
| subject = [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy]]
| genre =
| publisher = [[Holt, Rinehart & Winston]]
| pub_date = August 1966
| english_pub_date =
| media_type = Print ([[hardcover]])
| pages = 478 pp.
| isbn =
| oclc = 4215197
| dewey =
| congress = E842.9 .L3 1966a
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}


'''''Rush to Judgment: A Critique of the Warren Commission's Inquiry into the Murders of President John F. Kennedy, Officer J.D. Tippit and Lee Harvey Oswald''''' is a 1966 book by American lawyer [[Mark Lane (author)|Mark Lane]]. It is about the [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy]] and takes issue with the investigatory methods and conclusions of the [[Warren Commission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,836375-2,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104024942/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,836375-2,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 4, 2012|title=Essay: Autopsy on the Warren Commission|publisher=Time Magazine|date=September 16, 1966}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historians.org/perspectives/issues/1992/9204/9204FIL.cfm|title=Oliver Stone's JFK in Historical Perspective|author=James N. Giglio|publisher=American Historical Association|date=April 1992}}</ref> The book's introduction is by [[Hugh Trevor-Roper]], [[Regius Professor of History (Oxford)|Regius Professor of History]] at the [[University of Oxford]].<ref name="Chicago Tribune; May 23, 1966">{{cite news |last=Cassidy |first=Claudi |author-link=Claudia Cassidy |date=May 23, 1966 |title=On the Aisle: Preview of Mark Lane's 'Rush to Judgment,' In Inquiry into the Evidence's Other Side|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1966/05/23/page/47/article/on-the-aisle |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |at=Section 2, p. 5 |access-date=July 24, 2015}}</ref> Although it was preceded by a few self-published or small press books, ''Rush to Judgment'' was the first [[mass market]] [[hardcover|hardcover book]] to confront the findings of the Warren Commission.<ref name="Hoover">{{cite news |last=Hoover |first=Bob |date=November 2, 2013 |title=The Next Page: The JFK assassination conspiracy circus |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/2013/11/03/The-Next-Page-The-conspiracy-circus/stories/201311030074 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |accessdate=August 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>Prior authors included [[Harold Weisberg]] and Sylvia Meagher</ref>
'''''Rush to Judgment''''' is a book written by [[Mark Lane (author)|Mark Lane]] and published not long after the [[JFK assassination]]. The book takes issue with the conclusions of the [[Warren Commission]] and suggests that there was a [[Conspiracy (political)|conspiracy]] to assassinate John F. Kennedy.


The title of the book was taken from [[Lord Chancellor]] [[Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine|Thomas Erskine's]] defense of [[James Hadfield]], who had attempted to assassinate [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] in 1800.<ref name="Chicago Tribune; May 23, 1966"/> According to Alex Raskin of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', "''Rush to Judgment'' opened the floodgate for [[John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories|Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories]]".<ref name="Los Angeles Times; December 29, 1991">{{cite news |last=Raksin |first=Alex |date=December 29, 1991 |title=Nonfiction |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-29-bk-1707-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |location=Los Angeles |access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref>
It is also a 1967 film documentary about the [[John F. Kennedy assassination]] that was directed by [[Emile de Antonio]] and hosted by Lane. It is a black and white film, 122 minutes long. It has also been shown on [[BBC]] TV as part of the much longer (300 minutes) film entitled ''The Death of Kennedy.''


[[Bertrand Russell]], who is thanked in the acknowledgements section of the book for being "kind enough to read the manuscript and make suggestions",<ref name=ack>{{cite book |last1=Lane |first1=Mark |title=Rush to Judgment |date=1992 |publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press |page=25}}</ref> set up the ''Who Killed Kennedy? Committee'' in response to the book. This committee, in Russell's words, was set up "for the purpose of making known the material [Lane] has uncovered and his further findings".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ayer |first1=A.J. |title=Bertrand Russell |date=1988 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=26}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Russell |first1=Bertrand |title=The Selected Letters of Bertrand Russell, Volume 2 The Public Years 1914-1970 |date=2002 |publisher=Routledge |page=576}}</ref> [[Arnold J. Toynbee]] is also thanked in the acknowledgements section for the same reason.<ref name=ack/>
Included are several video clips showing [[Dealey Plaza]] how it existed in 1963 and 1966, clips of [[Lee Harvey Oswald]], [[Dallas]] Chief of Police [[Jesse Curry]], Dallas District Attorney [[Henry Wade]], [[Jack Ruby]], and his defense attorney [[Melvin Belli]].


==Contents==
Some of the assassination witnesses who present their observations on-camera include [[Abraham Zapruder]], [[James Tague]], [[Charles Brehm]], [[Mary Moorman]], [[Jean Hill]], [[Lee Bowers]], Sam Holland, James Simmons, Richard Dodd, Jessie Price, Orville Nix, Patrick Dean, [[Napoleon Daniels]], Nancy Hamilton, Joseph Johnson, Roy Jones, and Cecil McWatters.
===''Rush to Judgment''===
''Rush to Judgment'' became a number one best seller and spent 29 weeks on the ''New York Times'' best-seller list.<ref>name=Hawes Publications | url=http://www.hawes.com/1966/1966-09-11.pdf, p.2 | url=http://www.hawes.com/1967/1967-03-26.pdf</ref> Lane questions, among other things, the Warren Commission conclusion that three shots were fired from the [[Texas School Book Depository]] and focuses on the witnesses who had recounted seeing or hearing shots coming from the [[Dealey Plaza#Grassy knoll|grassy knoll in Dealey Plaza]]. Lane questions whether Oswald was guilty of the murder of policeman [[J.D. Tippit]] shortly after the Kennedy murder. Lane also states that none of the Warren Commission firearm experts were able to duplicate Oswald's shooting feat.<ref>Bugliosi, p. 1005</ref>


According to former [[KGB]] officer [[Vasili Mitrokhin]] in his 1999 book ''[[Mitrokhin Archive|The Sword and the Shield]]'', the KGB helped finance Lane's research on ''Rush to Judgment'' without the author's knowledge.<ref name=Persico>{{cite news|last=Persico|first=Joseph E.|title=Secrets From the Lubyanka: A historian examines an archive of Soviet files smuggled to the West by a former K.G.B. agent|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/10/31/reviews/991031.31persict.html|accessdate=March 31, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 31, 1999|author-link=Joseph E. Persico|location=New York}}</ref> The KGB allegedly used journalist [[Genrikh Borovik]] as a contact and provided Lane with $2,000 for research and travel in 1964.<ref name=Bugliosi>[[Vincent Bugliosi|Bugliosi, Vincent]]. ''Reclaiming History: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy''. 2007, Norton, {{ISBN|978-0-393-04525-3}} Pg. 162</ref><ref>Christopher Andrew and [[Vasili Mitrokhin]], ''The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB'', [[Basic Books]], 1999. Excerpted [http://www.jfk-online.com/mitrokhin.html here]. According to the book, Soviet journalists, including KGB agent [[Genrikh Borovik]], met with Mark Lane to encourage him in his research.</ref> Mark Lane called the allegation "an outright lie" and wrote, "Neither the KGB nor any person or organization associated with it ever made any contribution to my work."<ref name="LaneLetter">{{cite news|last1=Holland|first1=Mark|last2=Lane|first2=Mark|title=November 22, 1963: You Are There. Much mail has come in on the subject of Max Holland's "The JFK Lawyers' Conspiracy"|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/november-22-1963-you-are-there/|accessdate=20 August 2017|work=[[The Nation]]|date=2 March 2006}}</ref>
This book is referenced in the movie, ''Slacker'', written and directed by Richard Linklater.


==Documentary==
⚫
[[Category:1966 books]]
{{Infobox film
⚫
[[Category:1966 films]]
| name = Rush to Judgment
⚫
[[Category:Non-fiction books about the John F. Kennedy assassination]]
| image =
⚫
[[Category:Documentaries about the John F. Kennedy assassination]]
| alt =
⚫
[[Category:Films directed by Emile de Antonio]]
| caption =
⚫
[[Category:American films]]
| native_name = <!--(for non-English films: film's name in its native language)-->
⚫
[[Category:American documentary films]]
| director = [[Emile de Antonio]]
| producer = <!-- or: |producers = -->
| writer = <!-- or: |writers = -->
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = <!-- {{based on|title of the original work|writer of the original work}} -->
| starring =
| narrator = [[Mark Lane (author)|Mark Lane]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = <!-- or: |production_companies = -->
| distributor = [[Impact Films]]
| released = {{film date|1967}}
| runtime = 122 minutes
| country = United States
| language =
| budget =
| gross = <!--(please use condensed and rounded values, e.g. "£11.6 million" not "£11,586,221")-->
}}
In 1967, a documentary film based on Lane's book was directed by [[Emile de Antonio]] and hosted by Lane.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://akas.imdb.es/title/tt0060920/|title=Rush to Judgment|publisher=IMDb|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720141535/http://akas.imdb.es/title/tt0060920/|archive-date=2011-07-20}}</ref><ref>[[Robert Wilonsky]], ''[[Dallas Observer]]'' blog, 21 April 2011, [http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/unfairpark/2011/04/from_the_film_vaults_rush_to_j.php From the Film Vaults: Rush to Judgment] (includes full film embedded from [[archive.org]])</ref> Some of the assassination witnesses who present their observations on-camera include Nelson Delgado, [[James Tague]], [[Charles Brehm]], [[Mary Moorman]], [[Lee Bowers]], Sam Holland, [[Jim Leavelle]], James Simmons, Richard Dodd, Jessie Price, [[Orville Nix]], Patrick Dean, Napoleon Daniels, Nancy Hamilton, Joseph Johnson, Roy Jones, Harold Williams, Penn Jones, Jr. and Acquilla Clemons.

==See also==
*[[List of American films of 1967]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==External Links==
*{{imdb title|0060920}}

{{Assassination of John F. Kennedy|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rush To Judgment}}
⚫
[[Category:1966 non-fiction books]]
⚫
[[Category:1967 films]]
⚫
[[Category:American documentary films]]
⚫
[[Category:Documentary films about the assassination of John F. Kennedy]]
⚫
[[Category:Films directed by Emile de Antonio]]
⚫
[[Category:Non-fiction books about the assassination of John F. Kennedy]]
[[Category:The Bodley Head books]]
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[[Category:1960s American films]]

Latest revision as of 15:33, 8 September 2024

Rush to Judgment
Cover of first American edition
AuthorMark Lane
SubjectAssassination of John F. Kennedy
PublisherHolt, Rinehart & Winston
Publication date
August 1966
Publication placeUnited States
Media typePrint (hardcover)
Pages478 pp.
OCLC4215197
LC ClassE842.9 .L3 1966a

Rush to Judgment: A Critique of the Warren Commission's Inquiry into the Murders of President John F. Kennedy, Officer J.D. Tippit and Lee Harvey Oswald is a 1966 book by American lawyer Mark Lane. It is about the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy and takes issue with the investigatory methods and conclusions of the Warren Commission.[1][2] The book's introduction is by Hugh Trevor-Roper, Regius Professor of History at the University of Oxford.[3] Although it was preceded by a few self-published or small press books, Rush to Judgment was the first mass market hardcover book to confront the findings of the Warren Commission.[4][5]

The title of the book was taken from Lord Chancellor Thomas Erskine's defense of James Hadfield, who had attempted to assassinate King George III in 1800.[3] According to Alex Raskin of the Los Angeles Times, "Rush to Judgment opened the floodgate for Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories".[6]

Bertrand Russell, who is thanked in the acknowledgements section of the book for being "kind enough to read the manuscript and make suggestions",[7] set up the Who Killed Kennedy? Committee in response to the book. This committee, in Russell's words, was set up "for the purpose of making known the material [Lane] has uncovered and his further findings".[8][9] Arnold J. Toynbee is also thanked in the acknowledgements section for the same reason.[7]

Contents

[edit]

Rush to Judgment

[edit]

Rush to Judgment became a number one best seller and spent 29 weeks on the New York Times best-seller list.[10] Lane questions, among other things, the Warren Commission conclusion that three shots were fired from the Texas School Book Depository and focuses on the witnesses who had recounted seeing or hearing shots coming from the grassy knoll in Dealey Plaza. Lane questions whether Oswald was guilty of the murder of policeman J.D. Tippit shortly after the Kennedy murder. Lane also states that none of the Warren Commission firearm experts were able to duplicate Oswald's shooting feat.[11]

According to former KGB officer Vasili Mitrokhin in his 1999 book The Sword and the Shield, the KGB helped finance Lane's research on Rush to Judgment without the author's knowledge.[12] The KGB allegedly used journalist Genrikh Borovik as a contact and provided Lane with $2,000 for research and travel in 1964.[13][14] Mark Lane called the allegation "an outright lie" and wrote, "Neither the KGB nor any person or organization associated with it ever made any contribution to my work."[15]

Documentary

[edit]
Rush to Judgment
Directed byEmile de Antonio
Narrated byMark Lane
Distributed byImpact Films
Release date
  • 1967 (1967)
Running time
122 minutes
CountryUnited States

In 1967, a documentary film based on Lane's book was directed by Emile de Antonio and hosted by Lane.[16][17] Some of the assassination witnesses who present their observations on-camera include Nelson Delgado, James Tague, Charles Brehm, Mary Moorman, Lee Bowers, Sam Holland, Jim Leavelle, James Simmons, Richard Dodd, Jessie Price, Orville Nix, Patrick Dean, Napoleon Daniels, Nancy Hamilton, Joseph Johnson, Roy Jones, Harold Williams, Penn Jones, Jr. and Acquilla Clemons.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Essay: Autopsy on the Warren Commission". Time Magazine. September 16, 1966. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012.
  2. ^ James N. Giglio (April 1992). "Oliver Stone's JFK in Historical Perspective". American Historical Association.
  3. ^ a b Cassidy, Claudi (May 23, 1966). "On the Aisle: Preview of Mark Lane's 'Rush to Judgment,' In Inquiry into the Evidence's Other Side". Chicago Tribune. Section 2, p. 5. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  4. ^ Hoover, Bob (November 2, 2013). "The Next Page: The JFK assassination conspiracy circus". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  5. ^ Prior authors included Harold Weisberg and Sylvia Meagher
  6. ^ Raksin, Alex (December 29, 1991). "Nonfiction". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
  7. ^ a b Lane, Mark (1992). Rush to Judgment. Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 25.
  8. ^ Ayer, A.J. (1988). Bertrand Russell. University of Chicago Press. p. 26.
  9. ^ Russell, Bertrand (2002). The Selected Letters of Bertrand Russell, Volume 2 The Public Years 1914-1970. Routledge. p. 576.
  10. ^ name=Hawes Publications | url=http://www.hawes.com/1966/1966-09-11.pdf, p.2 | url=http://www.hawes.com/1967/1967-03-26.pdf
  11. ^ Bugliosi, p. 1005
  12. ^ Persico, Joseph E. (October 31, 1999). "Secrets From the Lubyanka: A historian examines an archive of Soviet files smuggled to the West by a former K.G.B. agent". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  13. ^ Bugliosi, Vincent. Reclaiming History: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy. 2007, Norton, ISBN 978-0-393-04525-3 Pg. 162
  14. ^ Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB, Basic Books, 1999. Excerpted here. According to the book, Soviet journalists, including KGB agent Genrikh Borovik, met with Mark Lane to encourage him in his research.
  15. ^ Holland, Mark; Lane, Mark (2 March 2006). "November 22, 1963: You Are There. Much mail has come in on the subject of Max Holland's "The JFK Lawyers' Conspiracy"". The Nation. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  16. ^ "Rush to Judgment". IMDb. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20.
  17. ^ Robert Wilonsky, Dallas Observer blog, 21 April 2011, From the Film Vaults: Rush to Judgment (includes full film embedded from archive.org)
[edit]
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