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Coordinates: 47°30′N 11°5′E / 47.500°N 11.083°E / 47.500; 11.083
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{{For|the district|Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)}}
{{Infobox German Location
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
|Name = Garmisch-Partenkirchen
{{morefootnotes|date=December 2021}}
|type = Stadt
{{Infobox German location
|image_photo = Garmisch-Partenkirchen.JPG
|imagesize =
|name = Garmisch-Partenkirchen
|type =
|image_caption = Garmisch-Partenkirchen with Alpspitze and Zugspitze
| German_name =
|Wappen = Garmisch-Partenkirchen Wappen.png
|image_photo = Garmisch-Partenkirchen.JPG
|lat_deg = 47 |lat_min = 30 | lat_sec=0
|imagesize = 250
|lon_deg = 11 |lon_min = 5 | lon_sec=0
|image_caption = Garmisch-Partenkirchen in September 2009,<br>[[Alpspitze]] and [[Zugspitze]] in background left
|Lageplan =
|image_coa = Wappen Garmisch Partenkirchen.svg
|Bundesland = Bayern
|coordinates = {{coord|47|30|N|11|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|Regierungsbezirk = Oberbayern
|Landkreis = Garmisch-Partenkirchen
|image_plan = Garmisch-Partenkirchen in GAP.svg
|Höhe = 708
|state = Bayern
|Fläche = 205.66
|region = Oberbayern
|Einwohner = 26112
|district = Garmisch-Partenkirchen
|Stand = 2006-12-31
|elevation = 708
|PLZ = 82467
|area = 205.66
|Vorwahl = 08821
|postal_code = 82467
|Kfz = GAP
|area_code = 08821
|licence = GAP
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 80 117
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 80 117
|website = [https://www.gapa.de/ www.gapa.de]
|Straße = Rathausplatz 1
|mayor = Elisabeth Koch<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref>
|Website = [http://www.garmisch-partenkirchen.de/ www.garmisch-partenkirchen.de]
|leader_term = 2020&ndash;26
|Bürgermeister = Thomas Schmid
|party = CSU
|Partei = Chr.Soziales Bündnis/Bürger für GAP e.V.
}}
}}
'''Garmisch-Partenkirchen''' is a [[market town]] in [[Bavaria]], southern [[Germany]]. It is the administrative centre of the [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)|district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen]], in the [[Oberbayern]] region, not far from the border with [[Austria]].
'''Garmisch-Partenkirchen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩|-|De-Garmisch-Partenkirchen.ogg}}; [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]]: ''Garmasch-Partakurch'') is an [[Northern Limestone Alps|Alpine]] [[mountain resort|ski town]] in [[Bavaria]], southern [[Germany]]. It&nbsp;is the [[seat of government]] of the [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)|district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen]] (abbreviated ''GAP''), in the [[Oberbayern]] region, which borders [[Austria]]. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, [[Zugspitze]], at {{convert|2962|m}} above [[sea&nbsp;level]].

The town is known as the site of the [[1936 Winter Olympics|1936 Winter Olympic Games]], the first to include [[Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics|alpine skiing]], and hosts a variety of [[winter sports]] competitions.


==History==
==History==
Garmisch and Partenkirchen were separate towns for many centuries, and still maintain quite separate identities.
Garmisch (in the west) and Partenkirchen (in the east) were separate towns for many centuries, and still maintain quite separate identities.


Partenkirchen originated as the Roman town of ''Partanum'' on the trade route from [[Venice]] to [[Augsburg]] and is first mentioned in the year A.D. 15. Its main street, Ludwigsstrasse, follows the original Roman road.
Partenkirchen originated as the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] town of ''Partanum'' on the trade route from [[Venice]] to [[Augsburg]] and is first mentioned in the year A.D. 15. Its main street, Ludwigsstrasse, follows the original Roman road.


Garmisch is first mentioned some 800 years later as ''Germaneskau'' ("German District"), suggesting that at some point a Teutonic tribe took up settlement in the western end of the valley.
Garmisch was first mentioned some 800 years later as ''Germaneskau'' ("German District"), suggesting that at some point a [[Teutons|Teutonic]] tribe took up settlement in the western end of the valley.


The valley came under the rule of the Bishop of [[Freising]] and was governed by a bishop's representative known as a ''Pfleger'' (caretaker or warden) from Werdenfels Castle on a cliff north of Garmisch.
During the late 13th century, the valley, as part of the [[County of Werdenfels]], came under the rule of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Freising|prince-bishops of Freising]] and was to remain so until the [[German mediatization|mediatization]] of 1803. The area was governed by a prince-bishop's representative known as a ''Pfleger'' (caretaker or warden) from [[Werdenfels Castle]] situated on a crag north of Garmisch.


The discovery of America at the turn of the 16th century led to a boom in shipping and a sharp decline in overland trade, which plunged the region into a centuries-long economic depression. The valley floor was swampy and difficult to farm. Bears, wolves and lynxes were a constant threat to livestock. The population suffered from periodic epidemics, including several serious outbreaks of [[black death|bubonic plague]]. Adverse fortunes from disease and crop failure occasionally led to [[witch-hunt|witch hysteria]]. Most notable of these were the notorious trials and executions of 1589-1596, in which 63 victims - more than 10 percent of the population at the time - were burned at the stake or garroted.
The Europeans' arrival to America at the turn of the 16th century led to a boom in shipping and a sharp decline in overland trade, which plunged the region into a centuries-long economic depression. The valley floor was swampy and difficult to farm. Bears, wolves and lynxes were a constant threat to livestock. The population suffered from periodic epidemics, including several serious outbreaks of [[black death|bubonic plague]]. Adverse fortunes from disease and crop failure occasionally led to a [[witch hunt]]. Most notable of these were the trials and executions of 1589–1596, in which 63 people&nbsp;— more than 10 per cent of the population at the time&nbsp;— were burned at the stake or garroted.


Werdenfels Castle, where the accused were held, tried and executed, became an object of superstitious horror and was abandoned in the 17th century. It was largely torn down in the 1750s and its stones used to build the baroque ''Neue Kirche'' (New Church) on Marienplatz, which was completed in 1752. It replaced the nearby Gothic ''Alte Kirche'' (Old Church), parts of which predated Christianity and may originally have been a pagan temple. Used as a storehouse, armory and haybarn for many years, it has since been re-consecrated. Some of its medieval frescoes are still visible.
[[Werdenfels Castle]], where the accused were held, tried and executed, became an object of superstitious terror and was abandoned in the 17th century. It was largely torn down in the 1750s and its stones were used to build the baroque ''Neue Kirche'' (New Church) on Marienplatz, which was completed in 1752. It replaced the nearby Gothic ''Alte Kirche'' (Old Church), parts of which predated Christianity and might have originally been a pagan temple. Used as a storehouse, armory and haybarn for many years, it has since been re-consecrated. Some of its medieval frescoes are still visible.


Garmisch and Partenkirchen remained separate until their respective mayors were forced by [[Adolf Hitler]] to combine the two market towns in 1935 in anticipation of the [[1936 Winter Olympic games]]. Today, the united town is casually (but incorrectly) referred to as Garmisch, much to the dismay of Partenkirchen's residents. Most visitors will notice the slightly more modern feel of Garmisch while the fresco-filled, [[cobblestone]]d streets of Partenkirchen offer a glimpse into times past. Early mornings and late afternoons in pleasant weather often find local traffic stopped while the dairy cows are herded to and from the nearby mountain meadows.
Garmisch and Partenkirchen remained separate until their respective mayors were forced by [[Adolf Hitler]] to combine the two market towns on 1 January 1935<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gapgeschichte.de/ns_zeit_1935_ga_pa_text/zwangsvereinigung_text.htm|title=Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1. Januar 1935|publisher=Garmisch-Partenkirchen Geschichte|author=Alois Schwarzmüller 2006|language=German|date=2006|accessdate=4 February 2021}}</ref> in anticipation of the [[1936 Winter Olympics|1936 Winter Olympic Games]]. Today, the united town is casually (but incorrectly) referred to as Garmisch, much to the dismay of Partenkirchen's residents. Most visitors will notice the slightly more modern feel of Garmisch while the fresco-filled, [[cobblestone]]d streets of Partenkirchen have a generally more historic appearance. Early mornings and late afternoons in pleasant weather often find local traffic stopped while the dairy cows are herded to and from the nearby mountain meadows.{{Citation Needed|date=December 2021}}


[[Image:Anton Doll Ansicht von Garmisch.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Garmisch-Partenkirchen, painting by Anton Doll]]
During [[World War II]], Garmisch-Partenkirchen was a major hospital centre for the German military.


==Transportation==
==Climate==
Garmisch-Partenkirchen leans towards an [[oceanic climate]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=36901&cityname=Garmisch-Partenkirchen%2C+Bavaria%2C+Germany&units=|title=Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany Climate Summary|publisher=Weatherbase
The town is served by [[Bundesstraße 2|Federal Highway 2]] as a continuation of the [[Bundesautobahn 95|A95 Autobahn (motorway)]], which ends at [[Eschenlohe]] 16 km north of the city. Garmisch-Partenkirchen has [[railway]] connections to [[Munich]], [[Innsbruck]], [[Reutte]] and to the [[Zugspitze]], the highest mountain in Germany (2,962&nbsp;m high). The views of the majestic peak from the town are especially spectacular and several accessible hiking trails cover both the lower and higher elevations.
|access-date=20 May 2015}}</ref> and its winters are colder than the rest of Bavaria. Due&nbsp;to its higher [[elevation]], it is very close to the winters associated with [[humid continental climate|continental]] climates; it&nbsp;has a relatively wet and snowy climate, with high precipitation year-round. As of 2013 the regions in the west and east of the town were cited as having highest numbers of thunderstorm days in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thunderstorm activity in central and western Europe|website=ESKP|date=28 July 2013|access-date=20 August 2023
|url=https://www.eskp.de/en/natural-hazards/thunderstorms-in-central-and-western-europe-935955/}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1936–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 19.0
|Feb record high C = 21.4
|Mar record high C = 25.3
|Apr record high C = 29.2
|May record high C = 31.7
|Jun record high C = 35.1
|Jul record high C = 36.4
|Aug record high C = 35.7
|Sep record high C = 32.0
|Oct record high C = 27.8
|Nov record high C = 23.7
|Dec record high C = 18.6
|year record high C =
|Jan high C = 3.2
|Feb high C = 5.7
|Mar high C = 10.0
|Apr high C = 14.5
|May high C = 18.4
|Jun high C = 21.5
|Jul high C = 23.4
|Aug high C = 23.1
|Sep high C = 18.7
|Oct high C = 14.5
|Nov high C = 8.2
|Dec high C = 3.3
| year high C = 13.7
|Jan mean C = -2.1
|Feb mean C = -0.5
|Mar mean C = 3.5
|Apr mean C = 7.8
|May mean C = 12.1
|Jun mean C = 15.5
|Jul mean C = 17.1
|Aug mean C = 16.6
|Sep mean C = 12.5
|Oct mean C = 8.2
|Nov mean C = 2.7
|Dec mean C = -1.4
|year mean C = 7.7
|Jan low C = -5.8
|Feb low C = -5.0
|Mar low C = -1.7
|Apr low C = 1.7
|May low C = 5.9
|Jun low C = 9.6
|Jul low C = 11.2
|Aug low C = 11.1
|Sep low C = 7.5
|Oct low C = 3.6
|Nov low C = -1.1
|Dec low C = -4.6
| year low C = 2.8
|Jan record low C = -25.8
|Feb record low C = -29.3
|Mar record low C = -21.2
|Apr record low C = -12.6
|May record low C = -4.6
|Jun record low C = -0.2
|Jul record low C = 3.5
|Aug record low C = 1.8
|Sep record low C = -2.3
|Oct record low C = -8.2
|Nov record low C = -17.3
|Dec record low C = -24.4
|year record low C =
| precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 77.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 65.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 90.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 87.2
|May precipitation mm = 143.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 179.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 172.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 191.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 115.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 91.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 80.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 77.8
| year precipitation mm = 1379.3
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 14.6
|Feb precipitation days = 13.6
|Mar precipitation days = 15.9
|Apr precipitation days = 15.5
|May precipitation days = 18.6
|Jun precipitation days = 19.8
|Jul precipitation days = 19.0
|Aug precipitation days = 18.0
|Sep precipitation days = 16.2
|Oct precipitation days = 13.9
|Nov precipitation days = 14.0
|Dec precipitation days = 15.4
|year precipitation days = 195.4
|Jan sun = 74.6
|Feb sun = 106.1
|Mar sun = 148.6
|Apr sun = 168.8
|May sun = 172.1
|Jun sun = 176.2
|Jul sun = 201.1
|Aug sun = 199.5
|Sep sun = 163.7
|Oct sun = 135.3
|Nov sun = 80.2
|Dec sun = 55.7
|year sun = 1665.9
|Jan humidity = 86.2
|Feb humidity = 80.9
|Mar humidity = 76.2
|Apr humidity = 72.2
|May humidity = 74.1
|Jun humidity = 75.8
|Jul humidity = 76.4
|Aug humidity = 79.3
|Sep humidity = 82.6
|Oct humidity = 83.5
|Nov humidity = 87.0
|Dec humidity = 89.3
|unit snow days = 1.0 cm
|Jan snow days = 27.4
|Feb snow days = 23.6
|Mar snow days = 14.9
|Apr snow days = 2.5
|May snow days = 0.2
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0.8
|Nov snow days = 8.9
|Dec snow days = 21.1
|year snow days =
| source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231012154151/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Garmisch-Partenkirchen_10963.csv
| archive-date = 12 October 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Garmisch-Partenkirchen_10963.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref>
|source 2 = DWD (extremes)<ref>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.wetterzentrale.de/extremes_mon.php?station=1550&maand=2&country=1&order=2&extreem=X_TN
|title = Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw.
|publisher = DWD
|language = de
|access-date = 29 January 2024}}</ref>
}}

==Transport==
[[File:Anton Doll Ansicht von Garmisch.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Garmisch-Partenkirchen,<br />painting by Anton Doll]]
The town is served by the [[Bundesstraße 2|B 2]] as a continuation of the [[Bundesautobahn 95|A 95 motorway]], which ends at [[Eschenlohe]] 16&nbsp;km north of the town.

[[Garmisch-Partenkirchen station]] is on the [[Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen railway|Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen line]] and the [[Mittenwald Railway]] (Garmisch–[[Mittenwald]]–[[Innsbruck]]). Regional services run every hour to [[Munich Central Station]] (''München Hauptbahnhof'') and Mittenwald and every two hours to [[Innsbruck Central Station]] (''Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof'') and [[Reutte]]. In addition there are special seasonal long-distance services, including [[InterCityExpress|ICEs]], to [[Berlin]], [[Hamburg]], [[Dortmund]], [[Bremen]] and Innsbruck.

It is the terminus of the [[Außerfern Railway]] to [[Reutte|Reutte in Tirol]] / [[Kempten im Allgäu]] and the [[Bavarian Zugspitze Railway]] (with sections of [[rack railway]]) to the [[Zugspitze]], the highest mountain in Germany.

There are several accessible high and low-level hiking trails from the town that have especially good views.


==Sports==
==Sports==
[[File:Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Luftbild).jpg|thumb|200px|right|Aerial view of<br />Garmisch-Partenkirchen]]
In 1936 it was the site of the [[1936 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympic Games]]. Traditionally, a [[ski jumping]] contest is held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen on [[New Year's Day]], as a part of the [[Four Hills Tournament]] (''Vierschanzen-Tournee''). A variety of Ski World Cup Races are also held here, usually on the Kandahar Track outside town. The [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1978|1978 Alpine World Ski Championships]] were organized in Garmisch and the [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2011|2011 Alpine World Ski Championships]] are to be held there as well.


Garmisch-Partenkirchen is also a favored holiday spot for [[skiing]], [[snowboarding]], and [[hiking]], having some of the best skiing areas ([[Garmisch Classic]] and [[Zugspitze]]) in Germany.
Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a favoured holiday spot for [[skiing]], [[snowboarding]], and [[hiking]], having some of the best skiing areas ([[Garmisch Classic]] and [[Zugspitze]]) in Germany.


It was the site of the [[1936 Winter Olympics]], the first to feature [[Alpine skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics|alpine skiing]]. It later replaced Sapporo, Japan as the host of the 1940 Winter Olympics, but were cancelled due to World War II. Including the two cancelled cities in 1940, it is the only host city chosen during the World Wars that did not host a subsequent Olympics.
[[Image:Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Luftbild).jpg|thumb|250px|left|Aerial view of Garmisch-Partenkirchen]]

It was also announced on December 7th 2007 that Garmisch-Partenkirchen will put in a bid to host the [[2018 Winter Olympics]] together with partner candidates [[Munich]] and [[Schönau am Königsee]] (near [[Berchtesgaden]]).
A variety of [[Nordic skiing|Nordic]] and [[Alpine skiing|alpine]] World Cup ski races are held here, usually on the Kandahar Track outside town. Traditionally, a [[ski jumping]] contest is held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen on [[New Year's Day]], as a part of the [[Four Hills Tournament]] (''Vierschanzen-Tournee''). The [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships|World Alpine Ski Championships]] were held in [[Garmisch Classic|Garmisch]] in [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1978|1978]] and [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2011|2011]].

Garmisch-Partenkirchen was a partner in the city of [[Munich]]'s [[Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics|bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics]] but the IOC vote held on 6 July 2011 awarded the Games to [[Pyeongchang County|Pyeongchang]]. The Winter Olympics were last held in the [[German language|German]]-speaking Alps in [[1976 Winter Olympics|1976]] in nearby Innsbruck, Austria.

In team sports, the professional [[List of German ice hockey champions#German champions (men's)|former 10-time German champion]] [[ice hockey]] team [[SC Riessersee]] play at the [[Garmisch Olympia Stadium]].

The local [[association football]] team is [[1.FC Garmisch-Partenkirchen]].

==Event highlights==
[[File:Fürstengang Freising - Garmisch.jpg|thumb|Panorama of Garmisch by Valentin Gappnigg ({{Circa|1700}})]]
[[File:Prince-Bishopric of Freising.jpg|thumb|18th-century map showing the County of Werdenfels with Garmisch and Partenkirchen]]
* January – [[Große Olympiaschanze|New Year's Ski Jump]]
** 6 January – "Hornschlittenrennen"
* January / February – [[FIS Alpine Ski World Cup]]
* February – Historic bob-race on the olympic track at Riessersee
* 30.04. – "Georgimarkt" Partenkirchen
* May–October – "Musik im Park"
* June – Zugspitz Ultratrail [[trail running]] around the Zugspitze.
** [[Richard Strauss|Richard-Strauss]]-Festival
* July The first weekend– [[BMW Motorrad|BMW Motorbike]] Days
**15.07. - White night
* July / August "Festwoche" Festival in Garmisch and Partenkirchen
* August – "Alpentestival"
* August/September – Straßen.Kunst.Festival (Streetart-Festival)
* November– "Martinimarkt" Garmisch


==Public institutions==
==Public institutions==
The [[George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies]]<ref>[http://www.marshallcenter.org Marshall European Center for Security Studies]</ref> is also located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The Marshall Center is an internationally funded and mostly U.S.-staffed learning and conference center for governments from around the world, but primarily from the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. It was established in June 1993, replacing the U.S. Army Russian Institute. There is also a civilian run American Armed Forces Recreation Center ([[Edelweiss Lodge and Resort]]) in Garmisch that serves U.S. and NATO military and their families. A number of U.S. troops and military civilians are still stationed in the town to provide logistic support to the Marshall Center and Edelweiss Recreation Center.
The [[George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.marshallcenter.org/ |title=Marshall European Center for Security Studies |access-date=17 December 2012 |archive-date=17 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117201610/http://www.marshallcenter.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> is also located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The Marshall Center is an internationally funded and mostly [[United States of America|U.S.]]-staffed learning and conference centre for governments from around the world, but primarily from the former [[Soviet Union]] and [[Eastern European]] countries. It was established in June 1993, replacing the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] Russian Institute. Near the Marshall Center is the American [[Armed Forces Recreation Centers]] ([[Edelweiss Lodge and Resort]]) in Garmisch that serves U.S. and [[NATO]] military and their families. A number of U.S. troops and civilians are stationed in the town to provide logistical support to the Marshall Center and Edelweiss Recreation Center. The [[German Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology]], the largest specialized centre for the treatment of children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases in Europe, has been active in Garmisch-Partenkirchen since 1952.


==Twin towns – sister cities==
==Notable Persons==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Garmisch-Partenkirchen was the birthplace of [[Michael Ende]], author of ''[[The Neverending Story]]'', and was also home to composer [[Richard Strauss]].
Garmisch-Partenkirchen is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Partnerstädte von Garmisch Partenkirchen|url=https://buergerservice.gapa.de/de/rathaus/zahlen-fakten/partnerstaedte|website=buergerservice.gapa.de|publisher=Garmisch-Partenkirchen|language=de|access-date=3 February 2021|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126125411/https://buergerservice.gapa.de/de/rathaus/zahlen-fakten/partnerstaedte|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Aspen, Colorado|Aspen]], United States
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Chamonix|Chamonix-Mont-Blanc]], France
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Lahti]], Finland

==Notable people==
[[File:Max Liebermann Bildnis Richard Strauss.jpg|140px|thumb|Portrait of Richard Strauss, 1918]]
[[File:Karl Popper.jpg|140px|thumb|Karl Popper, {{circa|1980}}]]
* [[Hermann Levi]] (1839–1900), Jewish orchestral conductor<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Levi,_Hermann |volume=16 |short=x}}</ref>
* [[Richard Strauss]] (1864–1949), leading German composer<ref>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Strauss,_Richard |short=x}}</ref> of the late Romantic and early modern eras.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Strauss, Richard |volume= 25 |last= Legge |first= Robin Humphrey |author-link= Robin Legge | pages = 1003&ndash;1004 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Ludwig Thoma]] (1867–1921), author, publisher and editor, who gained popularity through his partially exaggerated description of everyday Bavarian life
* [[Alfred Gerstenberg]] (1893–1959), Luftwaffe general
* Sir [[Karl Popper]] CH FBA FRS (1902–1994), Austrian-British philosopher<ref>[http://www.iep.utm.edu/cr-ratio/ Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Karl Popper and Critical Rationalism] retrieved December 2017 </ref> and professor, regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of science of the 20th century
* [[Franz Klarwein]] (1914–1991), operatic tenor, husband of [[Sári Barabás]]<ref>[[:de:Franz Klarwein|German Wiki, Franz Klarwein]]</ref>
* [[Christoph Probst|Christoph Hermann Probst]] (1918–1943), student of medicine and member of the [[White Rose]] (Weiße Rose) resistance group
*[[Michael Ende]] (1929–1995), writer of fantasy and children's fiction, best known for [[The Neverending Story]]
* [[Hank Smith (singer)|Hank Smith]] (1934–2002), Canadian country music singer
*[[Wolfgang Seiler]] (born 1940), [[Biogeochemistry|biogeochemist]] and climatologist; after he retired, he was environmental officer (voluntary) for the town
* [[Ulla Mitzdorf]] (1944–2013), scientist, substantially contributed to diverse areas including physics, chemistry, psychology, physiology, medicine and gender studies
* [[Robert Rosner]] (born 1947), astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at the [[University of Chicago]]
* [[Hans Peter Blochwitz]] (born 1949), lyric tenor, sings parts in Mozart operas
* [[Michaela Steiger]] (born 1964), actress for theatre, film, television
* [[Marina Anna Eich]] (born 1976), film actress and producer<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0251447/ IMDb Database] retrieved December 2017</ref>

===Notable people in sports===
[[File:Magdalena Neuner 2011.jpg|140px|thumb|Magdalena Neuner, 2011]]
* [[Thaddäus Robl]] (1877–1910), cyclist
* [[Hanns Kilian]] (1905–1981), bobsledder
* [[Matthias Wörndle]] (1909–1942), cross-country skier
* [[Roman Wörndle]] (1913–1942), alpine skier
* [[Käthe Grasegger]] (1917–2001), alpine skier
* [[Michael Pössinger]] (1919–2003), bobsledder
* [[Pepi Bader]] (born 1941), bobsledder
* [[Stefan Gaisreiter]] (born 1947), bobsledder
* [[Reinhard Ketterer|Reinhard E. Ketterer]] (born 1948), figure skater
* [[Christian Neureuther]] (born 1949), alpine ski racer
* [[Rosi Mittermaier]] (1950–2023), alpine ski racer, double Olympic gold medalist
* [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]] (born 1951), racing driver
* [[Armin Bittner]] (born 1964), alpine skier
* [[Andrea Schöpp]] (born 1965), curler
* [[Monika Wagner]] (born 1965), curler
* [[Martina Beck]] (née Glagow) (born 1979), biathlete
* [[Maria Höfl-Riesch]] (born 1984), alpine skier
* [[Felix Neureuther]] (born 1984), alpine skier
* [[Susanne Riesch]] (born 1987), alpine skier
* [[Magdalena Neuner]] (born 1987), six-time [[biathlon]] world champion, Olympic champion, [[Biathlon World Cup]] winner
* [[Miriam Gössner]] (born 1990), biathlete
* [[Laura Dahlmeier]] (born 1993), biathlete, double Olympic gold medalist


==Points of interest==
==Points of interest==
South of Partenkirchen is the [[Partnach Gorge]]<ref name="GP.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.garmisch-partenkirchen.de/en/57fffb4d-d7ab-67d6-de39-e4c7c5881ab0.html|title=Partnach Gorge|date=2008|work=Official Website of Garmisch-Partenkirchen|publisher=Garmisch-Partenkirchen.de|language=English|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref>, where the Partnach River surges spectacularly through a narrow, mile-long gap between high limestone cliffs. The [[Zugspitze]] (local name 'Zugspitz') is south of Garmisch near the village of [[Grainau]]. The tallest mountain in Germany, it actually straddles the border with [[Austria]]. Also overlooking Garmisch-Partenkirchen is Germany's third-highest mountain, the Dreitorspitze ('Three-Gate Peak', named for its triple summit).
South of Partenkirchen is the [[Partnach Gorge]],<ref name="GP.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.garmisch-partenkirchen.de/en/57fffb4d-d7ab-67d6-de39-e4c7c5881ab0.html|title=Partnach Gorge|year=2008|work=Official Website of Garmisch-Partenkirchen|publisher=Garmisch-Partenkirchen.de|access-date=23 August 2008}}</ref> where the [[Partnach]] river surges spectacularly through a narrow, {{convert|1|mi|km|0|adj=mid|-long|order=flip}} gap between high limestone cliffs. The [[Zugspitze]] (local name "Zugspitz") is south of Garmisch near the village of [[Grainau]]. The highest mountain in Germany, it actually straddles the border with [[Austria]]. Also overlooking Garmisch-Partenkirchen is Germany's fourth-highest mountain, the [[Leutasch Dreitorspitze]] ("Three-Gate Peak", a name derived from its [[triple summit]]).


The [[King's House on Schachen]], a small castle built for [[Ludwig II of Bavaria]], is also located in the mountains south of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Its grounds contain the [[Alpengarten auf dem Schachen]], an alpine [[botanical garden]].
The [[King's House on Schachen]], a small castle built for [[Ludwig II of Bavaria]], is also located in the mountains south of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Its grounds contain the [[Alpengarten auf dem Schachen]], an alpine [[botanical garden]].


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.garmisch-partenkirchen.de Official website]
* [http://www.alpineskimaps.com/htm/germany/garmisch/map.html Alpine Ski Maps.com] - winter map of Garmisch-Partenkirchen area
* [http://www.richard-strauss-institut.de Richard-Strauss-Institut] {{de icon}}
* [http://www.richard-strauss-festival.de Richard-Strauss-Festival] {{de icon}}
* [http://www.stadtpanorama.com/01_gap/01_index_gap.html Virtual Tour through Garmisch-Partenkirchen] {{de icon}}
* [http://travel.webshots.com/album/552567086hiwOPc Webshots Album of Garmisch Pictures]


{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Garmisch-Partenkirchen}}


{{Olympic Winter Games Host Cities}}
{{Olympic Winter Games Host Cities}}
{{Cities and towns in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)}}
{{Cities and towns in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)}}
{{Four Hills Tournament}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Garmisch-Partenkirchen| ]]
[[Category:1940 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:1935 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:American diaspora in Europe]]
[[Category:Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1935]]
[[Category:Ski areas and resorts in Germany]]
[[Category:Ski areas and resorts in Germany]]
[[Category:Host cities of the Winter Olympic Games]]
[[Category:Garmisch-Partenkirchen district]]

[[af:Garmisch-Partenkirchen]]
[[bar:Garmisch-Partakurch]]
[[bs:Garmisch-Partenkirchen]]
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[[ko:가르미슈파르텐키르헨]]
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[[zh:加爾米施-帕滕基興]]

Latest revision as of 16:53, 8 December 2024

For the district, see Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district).

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Municipality
Garmisch-Partenkirchen in September 2009, Alpspitze and Zugspitze in background left
Garmisch-Partenkirchen in September 2009,
Alpspitze and Zugspitze in background left
Coat of arms of Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Coat of arms
Location of Garmisch-Partenkirchen within Garmisch-Partenkirchen district
Ettaler ForstWallgauUnterammergauUffingSpatzenhausenSeehausen am StaffelseeSaulgrubRiegseeOberauOberammergauMurnau am StaffelseeMittenwaldKrünGroßweilGrainauGarmisch-PartenkirchenFarchantEttalBad BayersoienBad KohlgrubOhlstadtEschenloheSchwaigenOstallgäuBad Tölz-WolfratshausenWeilheim-SchongauAustria
Garmisch-Partenkirchen is located in Germany
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen is located in Bavaria
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Coordinates: 47°30′N 11°5′E / 47.500°N 11.083°E / 47.500; 11.083
CountryGermany
StateBavaria
Admin. regionOberbayern
DistrictGarmisch-Partenkirchen
Government
 • Mayor (2020–26) Elisabeth Koch[1] (CSU)
Area
 • Total
205.66 km2 (79.41 sq mi)
Elevation
708 m (2,323 ft)
Population
 (2023-12-31)[2]
 • Total
27,509
 • Density130/km2 (350/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
82467
Dialling codes08821
Vehicle registrationGAP
Websitewww.gapa.de

Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.

History

[edit]

Garmisch (in the west) and Partenkirchen (in the east) were separate towns for many centuries, and still maintain quite separate identities.

Partenkirchen originated as the Roman town of Partanum on the trade route from Venice to Augsburg and is first mentioned in the year A.D. 15. Its main street, Ludwigsstrasse, follows the original Roman road.

Garmisch was first mentioned some 800 years later as Germaneskau ("German District"), suggesting that at some point a Teutonic tribe took up settlement in the western end of the valley.

During the late 13th century, the valley, as part of the County of Werdenfels, came under the rule of the prince-bishops of Freising and was to remain so until the mediatization of 1803. The area was governed by a prince-bishop's representative known as a Pfleger (caretaker or warden) from Werdenfels Castle situated on a crag north of Garmisch.

The Europeans' arrival to America at the turn of the 16th century led to a boom in shipping and a sharp decline in overland trade, which plunged the region into a centuries-long economic depression. The valley floor was swampy and difficult to farm. Bears, wolves and lynxes were a constant threat to livestock. The population suffered from periodic epidemics, including several serious outbreaks of bubonic plague. Adverse fortunes from disease and crop failure occasionally led to a witch hunt. Most notable of these were the trials and executions of 1589–1596, in which 63 people — more than 10 per cent of the population at the time — were burned at the stake or garroted.

Werdenfels Castle, where the accused were held, tried and executed, became an object of superstitious terror and was abandoned in the 17th century. It was largely torn down in the 1750s and its stones were used to build the baroque Neue Kirche (New Church) on Marienplatz, which was completed in 1752. It replaced the nearby Gothic Alte Kirche (Old Church), parts of which predated Christianity and might have originally been a pagan temple. Used as a storehouse, armory and haybarn for many years, it has since been re-consecrated. Some of its medieval frescoes are still visible.

Garmisch and Partenkirchen remained separate until their respective mayors were forced by Adolf Hitler to combine the two market towns on 1 January 1935[3] in anticipation of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games. Today, the united town is casually (but incorrectly) referred to as Garmisch, much to the dismay of Partenkirchen's residents. Most visitors will notice the slightly more modern feel of Garmisch while the fresco-filled, cobblestoned streets of Partenkirchen have a generally more historic appearance. Early mornings and late afternoons in pleasant weather often find local traffic stopped while the dairy cows are herded to and from the nearby mountain meadows.[citation needed]

During World War II, Garmisch-Partenkirchen was a major hospital centre for the German military.

Climate

[edit]

Garmisch-Partenkirchen leans towards an oceanic climate,[4] and its winters are colder than the rest of Bavaria. Due to its higher elevation, it is very close to the winters associated with continental climates; it has a relatively wet and snowy climate, with high precipitation year-round. As of 2013 the regions in the west and east of the town were cited as having highest numbers of thunderstorm days in Europe.[5]

Climate data for Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1936–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2) 		21.4
(70.5) 		25.3
(77.5) 		29.2
(84.6) 		31.7
(89.1) 		35.1
(95.2) 		36.4
(97.5) 		35.7
(96.3) 		32.0
(89.6) 		27.8
(82.0) 		23.7
(74.7) 		18.6
(65.5) 		36.4
(97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8) 		5.7
(42.3) 		10.0
(50.0) 		14.5
(58.1) 		18.4
(65.1) 		21.5
(70.7) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.1
(73.6) 		18.7
(65.7) 		14.5
(58.1) 		8.2
(46.8) 		3.3
(37.9) 		13.7
(56.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.1
(28.2) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		3.5
(38.3) 		7.8
(46.0) 		12.1
(53.8) 		15.5
(59.9) 		17.1
(62.8) 		16.6
(61.9) 		12.5
(54.5) 		8.2
(46.8) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		7.7
(45.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.8
(21.6) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		1.7
(35.1) 		5.9
(42.6) 		9.6
(49.3) 		11.2
(52.2) 		11.1
(52.0) 		7.5
(45.5) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		2.8
(37.0)
Record low °C (°F) −25.8
(−14.4) 		−29.3
(−20.7) 		−21.2
(−6.2) 		−12.6
(9.3) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		3.5
(38.3) 		1.8
(35.2) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		−17.3
(0.9) 		−24.4
(−11.9) 		−29.3
(−20.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 77.3
(3.04) 		65.5
(2.58) 		90.3
(3.56) 		87.2
(3.43) 		143.4
(5.65) 		179.7
(7.07) 		172.6
(6.80) 		191.9
(7.56) 		115.4
(4.54) 		91.0
(3.58) 		80.8
(3.18) 		77.8
(3.06) 		1,379.3
(54.30)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 14.6 13.6 15.9 15.5 18.6 19.8 19.0 18.0 16.2 13.9 14.0 15.4 195.4
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 27.4 23.6 14.9 2.5 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.8 8.9 21.1 99.4
Average relative humidity (%) 86.2 80.9 76.2 72.2 74.1 75.8 76.4 79.3 82.6 83.5 87.0 89.3 80.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 74.6 106.1 148.6 168.8 172.1 176.2 201.1 199.5 163.7 135.3 80.2 55.7 1,665.9
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[6]
Source 2: DWD (extremes)[7]

Transport

[edit]
Garmisch-Partenkirchen,
painting by Anton Doll

The town is served by the B 2 as a continuation of the A 95 motorway, which ends at Eschenlohe 16 km north of the town.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen station is on the Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen line and the Mittenwald Railway (Garmisch–Mittenwald–Innsbruck). Regional services run every hour to Munich Central Station (München Hauptbahnhof) and Mittenwald and every two hours to Innsbruck Central Station (Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof) and Reutte. In addition there are special seasonal long-distance services, including ICEs, to Berlin, Hamburg, Dortmund, Bremen and Innsbruck.

It is the terminus of the Außerfern Railway to Reutte in Tirol / Kempten im Allgäu and the Bavarian Zugspitze Railway (with sections of rack railway) to the Zugspitze, the highest mountain in Germany.

There are several accessible high and low-level hiking trails from the town that have especially good views.

Sports

[edit]
Aerial view of
Garmisch-Partenkirchen

Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a favoured holiday spot for skiing, snowboarding, and hiking, having some of the best skiing areas (Garmisch Classic and Zugspitze) in Germany.

It was the site of the 1936 Winter Olympics, the first to feature alpine skiing. It later replaced Sapporo, Japan as the host of the 1940 Winter Olympics, but were cancelled due to World War II. Including the two cancelled cities in 1940, it is the only host city chosen during the World Wars that did not host a subsequent Olympics.

A variety of Nordic and alpine World Cup ski races are held here, usually on the Kandahar Track outside town. Traditionally, a ski jumping contest is held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen on New Year's Day, as a part of the Four Hills Tournament (Vierschanzen-Tournee). The World Alpine Ski Championships were held in Garmisch in 1978 and 2011.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen was a partner in the city of Munich's bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics but the IOC vote held on 6 July 2011 awarded the Games to Pyeongchang. The Winter Olympics were last held in the German-speaking Alps in 1976 in nearby Innsbruck, Austria.

In team sports, the professional former 10-time German champion ice hockey team SC Riessersee play at the Garmisch Olympia Stadium.

The local association football team is 1.FC Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Event highlights

[edit]
Panorama of Garmisch by Valentin Gappnigg (c. 1700)
18th-century map showing the County of Werdenfels with Garmisch and Partenkirchen
  • January – New Year's Ski Jump
    • 6 January – "Hornschlittenrennen"
  • January / February – FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
  • February – Historic bob-race on the olympic track at Riessersee
  • 30.04. – "Georgimarkt" Partenkirchen
  • May–October – "Musik im Park"
  • June – Zugspitz Ultratrail trail running around the Zugspitze.
  • July The first weekend– BMW Motorbike Days
    • 15.07. - White night
  • July / August "Festwoche" Festival in Garmisch and Partenkirchen
  • August – "Alpentestival"
  • August/September – Straßen.Kunst.Festival (Streetart-Festival)
  • November– "Martinimarkt" Garmisch

Public institutions

[edit]

The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies[8] is also located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The Marshall Center is an internationally funded and mostly U.S.-staffed learning and conference centre for governments from around the world, but primarily from the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. It was established in June 1993, replacing the U.S. Army Russian Institute. Near the Marshall Center is the American Armed Forces Recreation Centers (Edelweiss Lodge and Resort) in Garmisch that serves U.S. and NATO military and their families. A number of U.S. troops and civilians are stationed in the town to provide logistical support to the Marshall Center and Edelweiss Recreation Center. The German Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, the largest specialized centre for the treatment of children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases in Europe, has been active in Garmisch-Partenkirchen since 1952.

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Garmisch-Partenkirchen is twinned with:[9]

Notable people

[edit]
Portrait of Richard Strauss, 1918
Karl Popper, c. 1980

Notable people in sports

[edit]
Magdalena Neuner, 2011

Points of interest

[edit]

South of Partenkirchen is the Partnach Gorge,[16] where the Partnach river surges spectacularly through a narrow, 2-kilometre-long (1 mi) gap between high limestone cliffs. The Zugspitze (local name "Zugspitz") is south of Garmisch near the village of Grainau. The highest mountain in Germany, it actually straddles the border with Austria. Also overlooking Garmisch-Partenkirchen is Germany's fourth-highest mountain, the Leutasch Dreitorspitze ("Three-Gate Peak", a name derived from its triple summit).

The King's House on Schachen, a small castle built for Ludwig II of Bavaria, is also located in the mountains south of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Its grounds contain the Alpengarten auf dem Schachen, an alpine botanical garden.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden, Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik, 15 July 2021.
  2. ^ Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011).
  3. ^ Alois Schwarzmüller 2006 (2006). "Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1. Januar 1935" (in German). Garmisch-Partenkirchen Geschichte. Retrieved 4 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany Climate Summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  5. ^ "Thunderstorm activity in central and western Europe". ESKP. 28 July 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  6. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw" (in German). DWD. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Marshall European Center for Security Studies". Archived from the original on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  9. ^ "Partnerstädte von Garmisch Partenkirchen". buergerservice.gapa.de (in German). Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  10. ^ "Levi, Hermann" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911.
  11. ^ "Strauss, Richard" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
  12. ^ Legge, Robin Humphrey (1911). "Strauss, Richard" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. 1003–1004.
  13. ^ Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Karl Popper and Critical Rationalism retrieved December 2017
  14. ^ German Wiki, Franz Klarwein
  15. ^ IMDb Database retrieved December 2017
  16. ^ "Partnach Gorge". Official Website of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Garmisch-Partenkirchen.de. 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
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