Rita Atria: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Italian Mafia witness and investigation collaborator}} |
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{{Infobox person |
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|name = Rita Atria |
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|image = Rita Atria.jpg |
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|caption = Rita Atria |
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|birth_date = {{Birth date|1974|09|04|df=y}} |
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|birth_place = [[Partanna]], [[Sicily]], Italy |
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|death_date = {{Death date and age|1992|07|26|1974|09|04|df=y}} |
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|death_place = [[Rome]], Italy |
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|death_cause = Suicide after the murder of her protector [[Paolo Borsellino]] |
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|other_names = |
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|known_for = Government witness against the [[Sicilian Mafia]] |
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|relatives = [[Piera Aiello]] (sister-in-law) |
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}} |
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'''Rita Atria''' ({{IPA|it|ˈriːta ˈaːtrja}}; September 4, 1974 − July 26, 1992) was a witness and key collaborator in a major [[Sicilian Mafia|Mafia]] investigation in [[Sicily]]. She committed suicide in July 1992, a week after Cosa Nostra killed prosecutor [[Paolo Borsellino]], with whom she had been working. |
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==Family background== |
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Borsellino, you died for what you believed in, but without you I am dead." |
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Rita was born into a [[Mafia family]] in [[Partanna]], Sicily. In 1985, at the age of 11, she lost her father, Vito, a shepherd, who was shot dead by a hit man from a rival Mafia family. Her brother, Nicola, vowed to avenge his father and probably knew the identity of the person who had killed him.<ref name=ind210992>Longrigg, Clare. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090528085757/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/where-talking-is-met-with-deadly-silence-in-a-small-town-on-a-sicilian-hilltop-a-young-woman-could-no-longer-keep-quiet-after-the-mafia-shot-dead-first-her-father-then-her-brother-clare-longrigg-reports-on-the-courage-the-fear-and-the-tragic-death-of-rita-atria-1552761.html "Where talking is met with deadly silence"], ''The Independent,'' September 21, 1992. Accessed July 19, 2014.</ref> |
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After her father's death, Rita became closer to her brother and his wife, [[Piera Aiello]]. Since her brother was also a Mafioso, Rita was privy to detailed information on the doings of the Mafia in Partanna. At some point, she also dated a boy who also had a role in the criminal underworld.<ref name=stille325>Stille, ''Excellent Cadavers'', pp. 325-26</ref> In June 1991, the Mafia killed Nicola Atria. A month later her brother’s widow, Piera Aiello, went to the police and told them what she knew, thus initiating her collaboration with the judicial authorities.<ref name=rita>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.ritaatria.it/RitaAtria.aspx Rita Atria – la sua storia in breve] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907091239/http://www.ritaatria.it/RitaAtria.aspx |date=2009-09-07 }}, Associazione antimafia Rita Atria</ref> |
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Rita Atria ( born in Partanna, 4 September 1974, died in Rome, 26 July 1992) was a witness in a major Mafia trial in Rome. |
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==Anti-mafia testimony== |
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Rita Atria was born into a Mafia family and at age eleven she lost her father, Vito, who was murdered by the Mafia. He was a Mafioso of the Partanna family. These were the years in which the Corleone Mafiosi rose to prominence and of the Mafia war marked by bloody murders among rival clans fighting for supremacy. |
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In November 1991, at the age of 17, Rita decided to follow in her sister-in-law's footsteps, hoping to obtain justice for these murders from the legal system.<ref name=rita/> The first person she gave her testimony to was magistrate [[Paolo Borsellino]], who took her under his wing much like a paternal figure. She gave Borsellino the names of bosses in the most powerful families and disclosed information about the war between the Mafia families of Partanna, in which 30 people died. She also disclosed the names of the men who had killed her father and brother.<ref name=ind210992/> |
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Rita’s mother had Rita leave the family house when she found out that her daughter was collaborating with the police. She would not care that her daughter was trying to bring her own son's killer to justice; in her opinion – and the deep-rooted Mafia culture she belonged to – the police were on the wrong side of the law. Rita was then moved into a [[safe house]] under witness protection, an apartment on the seventh floor of a building in the outskirts of [[Rome]], where the only people she knew were her police guards. Borsellino became the only person she trusted and relied on.<ref name=ind210992/> |
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After her father's death Rita became closer to her brother, Nicola, and to his wife, Piera Aiello. Since her brother was also a Mafioso, Rita ws privy to detailed information on the doings of the Mafia in Partanna. In June 1991 Nicola Atria was killed by the Mafia, and his wife decided to collaborate with the law. |
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The evidence provided by Rita and Piera, together with further testimony, led to the arrest of various Mafiosi<ref name=ind210992/> and to the launch of an enquiry on politician Vincenzo Culicchia, who at the time had been mayor of Partanna for thirty years.<ref name=iazzi166>Pickering-Iazzi, ''Mafia and Outlaw Stories from Italian Life and Literature'', p. 166</ref> Information obtained from Rosalba Triolo, a woman from the rival Mafia factions in Partanna, independently confirmed the testimonies of Rita and Piera to be accurate. <ref name=stille325/> |
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==Suicide== |
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Only 17 years of age, Rita Atria, decided in November 1991, to follow in her sister-in-law's footsteps, hoping to obtain justice for these murders from the legal system. The first person to receive her testimony was Paolo Borsellino, to whom she bonded as to a father. The evidence given by Rita and Piera, together with other testimony, led to the arrest of various Mafiosi and to the launch pf an enquiry into the politician Vincenzino Culicchia, who had been mayor of Partanna for thirty years. |
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After losing all kind of support and understanding from friends and family, both Rita and [[Piera Aiello]] turned to Borsellino for emotional support. They referred to him as "Uncle Paolo" and called him whenever they needed him. In turn, he visited them whenever he was in Rome, even after their collaboration had ended. Borsellino used to pinch Rita on the cheek and poked fun at her tough, street-wise behavior, calling her a "mafiosa with a skirt."<ref name=stille325/> |
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On July 19, 1992, Borsellino was killed when a car bomb exploded on [[Via D'Amelio]]. The assassination took place less than two months after colleague [[Giovanni Falcone]] was also killed by Cosa Nostra near [[Capaci]]. |
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A week after the bomb that killed Borsellino she committed suicide in Rome, where she had been living in a safe house. |
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Rita wrote in her diary: "You have died for what you believed in, but without you, I too am dead."<ref name=reu260309>Apperly, Eliza. [https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSTRE52P43Y20090326 "Italy anti-mafia film sparks anger with relatives"], ''Reuters'', March 26, 2009. Accessed July 19, 2014.</ref> A week later on July 26, Rita locked herself in her apartment and wrote a note which read: "I am devastated by the killing of Judge Borsellino. Now there's no one to protect me, I'm scared, and I can't take it any more." Shortly after, she killed herself by jumping out the window.<ref name=ind210992/> |
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==Legacy== |
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Many people regard Rita |
Many people regard Rita as a heroine because of her willingness to sacrifice everything, including the affection of her mother (who after her daughter's death destroyed her tombstone with a hammer) in order to pursue justice.<ref name=ind210992/> She grew from a desire for revenge for her losses to one for justice. Like Piera, Rita was not a former Mafia criminal turned informant ([[pentito]]), and she could not be designated as a “pentito”. Because of this, she is referred to as a "collaboratore di giustizia" (someone who collaborates with prosecutors from the vantage point of being close to members of a criminal organization), a title that has been legally recognised in Italy by the law of 13/2/2001 n. 45.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/01045l.htm | title=Legge n. 45 del 2001 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Rita wrote in her diary: "Before fighting the Mafia you must first examine your own conscience, and only after defeating the Mafia inside yourself can you fight the Mafia that's in your circle of friends. We ourselves and our wrong way of behaving is the Mafia."<ref name=iazzi161>Pickering-Iazzi, ''Mafia and Outlaw Stories from Italian Life and Literature'', p. 161</ref> |
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In 2007 Veronica A'Agostino played Rita in the film "The Sicilian Girl" ("La siciliana ribelle") by the director Marco Amenta. |
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On July 25, 2008, Piera Aiello was nominated president of the anti-mafia association "Rita Atria".<ref name=piera>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.ritaatria.it/PieraAiello.aspx RITA ATRIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830114734/http://www.ritaatria.it/PieraAiello.aspx |date=2009-08-30 }}, Associazione antimafia Rita Atria</ref> |
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==Film== |
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Rita’s story was the subject of a 1997 documentary, ''One Girl Against the Mafia: Diary of a Sicilian Rebel'' ("Diario di una siciliana ribelle"), directed by [[Marco Amenta]].<ref name=nyt030810>[https://movies.nytimes.com/2010/08/04/movies/04sicilian.html "Movie Review: The Sicilian Girl (2009): An Angry Soul From a Hard Island"], ''The New York Times,'' August 3, 2010</ref><ref name=unaff99>[http://www.unaff.org/1999/Fone.htm "One Girl Against the Mafia"], UNAFF 99</ref> |
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In 2007, Amenta reworked the documentary into the film ''[[The Sicilian Girl]]'' ("La siciliana ribelle") with [[Veronica D'Agostino]] as Rita.<ref name=nyt030810/> Rita's family has condemned the film. Rita’s niece, Vita Maria Atria, and the Rita Atria Anti-Mafia Association, complained that faces and voices in the 1997 documentary were not sufficiently altered as agreed, endangering her and her mother. In addition Amenta had not returned family footage "entrusted to him in good faith" for the documentary, according to Rita's niece. Vita Maria Atria, who has been in hiding since 1992, said she was tired of "seeing speculation about her aunt's memory." She said: "I don't believe that any of this helps to commemorate my aunt, but only serves economic ends which I really do not consider appropriate."<ref name=reu260309/> |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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*Pickering-Iazzi, Robin (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=D1c1nGz-QjgC Mafia and Outlaw Stories from Italian Life and Literature]'', Toronto: University of Toronto Press {{ISBN|0-8020-9561-5}} |
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*[[Alexander Stille|Stille, Alexander]] (1995). ''Excellent Cadavers. The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic'', New York: Vintage {{ISBN|0-09-959491-9}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{in lang|it}} [http://www.ritaatria.it Official site of the Antimafia association Rita Atria] |
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{{Mafia}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Atria, Ria}} |
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[[Category:1974 births]] |
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[[Category:1992 suicides]] |
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[[Category:1992 deaths]] |
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[[Category:People from the Province of Trapani]] |
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[[Category:Antimafia]] |
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[[Category:History of the Sicilian Mafia]] |
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[[Category:Suicides by jumping in Italy]] |
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[[Category:Italian children]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:16, 16 August 2024
Rita Atria | |
|---|---|
 Rita Atria | |
| Born | 4 September 1974 |
| Died | 26 July 1992 (aged 17) Rome, Italy |
| Cause of death | Suicide after the murder of her protector Paolo Borsellino |
| Known for | Government witness against the Sicilian Mafia |
| Relatives | Piera Aiello (sister-in-law) |
Rita Atria (Italian pronunciation: [ˈriːta ˈaːtrja]; September 4, 1974 − July 26, 1992) was a witness and key collaborator in a major Mafia investigation in Sicily. She committed suicide in July 1992, a week after Cosa Nostra killed prosecutor Paolo Borsellino, with whom she had been working.
Family background
[edit]Rita was born into a Mafia family in Partanna, Sicily. In 1985, at the age of 11, she lost her father, Vito, a shepherd, who was shot dead by a hit man from a rival Mafia family. Her brother, Nicola, vowed to avenge his father and probably knew the identity of the person who had killed him.[1]
After her father's death, Rita became closer to her brother and his wife, Piera Aiello. Since her brother was also a Mafioso, Rita was privy to detailed information on the doings of the Mafia in Partanna. At some point, she also dated a boy who also had a role in the criminal underworld.[2] In June 1991, the Mafia killed Nicola Atria. A month later her brother’s widow, Piera Aiello, went to the police and told them what she knew, thus initiating her collaboration with the judicial authorities.[3]
Anti-mafia testimony
[edit]In November 1991, at the age of 17, Rita decided to follow in her sister-in-law's footsteps, hoping to obtain justice for these murders from the legal system.[3] The first person she gave her testimony to was magistrate Paolo Borsellino, who took her under his wing much like a paternal figure. She gave Borsellino the names of bosses in the most powerful families and disclosed information about the war between the Mafia families of Partanna, in which 30 people died. She also disclosed the names of the men who had killed her father and brother.[1]
Rita’s mother had Rita leave the family house when she found out that her daughter was collaborating with the police. She would not care that her daughter was trying to bring her own son's killer to justice; in her opinion – and the deep-rooted Mafia culture she belonged to – the police were on the wrong side of the law. Rita was then moved into a safe house under witness protection, an apartment on the seventh floor of a building in the outskirts of Rome, where the only people she knew were her police guards. Borsellino became the only person she trusted and relied on.[1]
The evidence provided by Rita and Piera, together with further testimony, led to the arrest of various Mafiosi[1] and to the launch of an enquiry on politician Vincenzo Culicchia, who at the time had been mayor of Partanna for thirty years.[4] Information obtained from Rosalba Triolo, a woman from the rival Mafia factions in Partanna, independently confirmed the testimonies of Rita and Piera to be accurate. [2]
Suicide
[edit]After losing all kind of support and understanding from friends and family, both Rita and Piera Aiello turned to Borsellino for emotional support. They referred to him as "Uncle Paolo" and called him whenever they needed him. In turn, he visited them whenever he was in Rome, even after their collaboration had ended. Borsellino used to pinch Rita on the cheek and poked fun at her tough, street-wise behavior, calling her a "mafiosa with a skirt."[2]
On July 19, 1992, Borsellino was killed when a car bomb exploded on Via D'Amelio. The assassination took place less than two months after colleague Giovanni Falcone was also killed by Cosa Nostra near Capaci. Rita wrote in her diary: "You have died for what you believed in, but without you, I too am dead."[5] A week later on July 26, Rita locked herself in her apartment and wrote a note which read: "I am devastated by the killing of Judge Borsellino. Now there's no one to protect me, I'm scared, and I can't take it any more." Shortly after, she killed herself by jumping out the window.[1]
Legacy
[edit]Many people regard Rita as a heroine because of her willingness to sacrifice everything, including the affection of her mother (who after her daughter's death destroyed her tombstone with a hammer) in order to pursue justice.[1] She grew from a desire for revenge for her losses to one for justice. Like Piera, Rita was not a former Mafia criminal turned informant (pentito), and she could not be designated as a “pentito”. Because of this, she is referred to as a "collaboratore di giustizia" (someone who collaborates with prosecutors from the vantage point of being close to members of a criminal organization), a title that has been legally recognised in Italy by the law of 13/2/2001 n. 45.[6]
Rita wrote in her diary: "Before fighting the Mafia you must first examine your own conscience, and only after defeating the Mafia inside yourself can you fight the Mafia that's in your circle of friends. We ourselves and our wrong way of behaving is the Mafia."[7]
On July 25, 2008, Piera Aiello was nominated president of the anti-mafia association "Rita Atria".[8]
Film
[edit]Rita’s story was the subject of a 1997 documentary, One Girl Against the Mafia: Diary of a Sicilian Rebel ("Diario di una siciliana ribelle"), directed by Marco Amenta.[9][10]
In 2007, Amenta reworked the documentary into the film The Sicilian Girl ("La siciliana ribelle") with Veronica D'Agostino as Rita.[9] Rita's family has condemned the film. Rita’s niece, Vita Maria Atria, and the Rita Atria Anti-Mafia Association, complained that faces and voices in the 1997 documentary were not sufficiently altered as agreed, endangering her and her mother. In addition Amenta had not returned family footage "entrusted to him in good faith" for the documentary, according to Rita's niece. Vita Maria Atria, who has been in hiding since 1992, said she was tired of "seeing speculation about her aunt's memory." She said: "I don't believe that any of this helps to commemorate my aunt, but only serves economic ends which I really do not consider appropriate."[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Longrigg, Clare. "Where talking is met with deadly silence", The Independent, September 21, 1992. Accessed July 19, 2014.
- ^ a b c Stille, Excellent Cadavers, pp. 325-26
- ^ a b (in Italian) Rita Atria – la sua storia in breve Archived 2009-09-07 at the Wayback Machine, Associazione antimafia Rita Atria
- ^ Pickering-Iazzi, Mafia and Outlaw Stories from Italian Life and Literature, p. 166
- ^ a b Apperly, Eliza. "Italy anti-mafia film sparks anger with relatives", Reuters, March 26, 2009. Accessed July 19, 2014.
- ^ "Legge n. 45 del 2001".
- ^ Pickering-Iazzi, Mafia and Outlaw Stories from Italian Life and Literature, p. 161
- ^ (in Italian) RITA ATRIA Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine, Associazione antimafia Rita Atria
- ^ a b "Movie Review: The Sicilian Girl (2009): An Angry Soul From a Hard Island", The New York Times, August 3, 2010
- ^ "One Girl Against the Mafia", UNAFF 99
- Pickering-Iazzi, Robin (2007). Mafia and Outlaw Stories from Italian Life and Literature, Toronto: University of Toronto Press ISBN 0-8020-9561-5
- Stille, Alexander (1995). Excellent Cadavers. The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic, New York: Vintage ISBN 0-09-959491-9
External links
[edit]| International | |
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| National | |
