Ganzhou: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Kazimostak (talk | contribs) |
Kepler-1229b (talk | contribs) →Gannan New Deal: there are citations here |
||
| (225 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{ |
{{Other uses}} |
||
{{Infobox settlement |
|||
{{Expand-section|date=February 2009}} |
|||
| name = Ganzhou |
|||
| native_name = 赣州市 |
|||
{{Infobox Settlement |
|||
| native_name_lang = zh-Hans |
|||
|name = Ganzhou |
|||
| other_name = Kanchow |
|||
|settlement_type = [[Prefecture-level city]] |
|||
| settlement_type = [[Prefecture-level city]] |
|||
|other_name = |
|||
| image_skyline = Yugutai.JPG |
|||
|native_name = |
|||
| |
| imagesize = |
||
| |
| image_caption = [[Yugu Pavilion]] |
||
| image_seal = |
|||
|translit_lang1=[[Chinese character|Chinese]] |
|||
| seal_size = |
|||
|translit_lang1_type=[[Chinese character|Chinese]] |
|||
| image_shield = |
|||
|translit_lang1_info= 赣州市 |
|||
| shield_size = |
|||
|translit_lang1_type1=[[Pinyin]] |
|||
| image_blank_emblem = |
|||
|translit_lang1_info1=Gànzhōu Shì |
|||
| blank_emblem_size = |
|||
|image_skyline =Yugutai.JPG |
|||
| |
| nickname = |
||
| |
| motto = |
||
| |
| image_map = Location map of Ganzhou, Jiangxi.png |
||
| |
| mapsize = |
||
| map_caption = Location of Ganzhou City jurisdiction in Jiangxi |
|||
|image_seal = |
|||
| |
| image_map1 = |
||
| |
| mapsize1 = |
||
| |
| map_caption1 = <!-- |
||
| |
|pushpin_map = Jiangxi |
||
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Jiangxi |
|||
|blank_emblem_size = |
|||
|image_map =Ganzhou.png |
|||
|mapsize = 300px |
|||
|map_caption = Location of Ganzhou within Jiangxi |
|||
|image_map1 = |
|||
|mapsize1 = |
|||
|map_caption1 = |
|||
|pushpin_map = China |
|||
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in China |
|||
|pushpin_label_position = left |
|pushpin_label_position = left |
||
|pushpin_mapsize = |
|pushpin_mapsize = |
||
--> |
|||
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |
|||
| coor_pinpoint = Ganzhou municipal government |
|||
|subdivision_name = [[People's Republic of China|China]] |
|||
| coordinates = {{coord|25.831|N|114.933|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-36_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} |
|||
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of China|Province]] |
|||
| subdivision_type = Country |
|||
|subdivision_name1 = [[Jiangxi]] |
|||
| subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]] |
|||
|subdivision_type2 = |
|||
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of China|Province]] |
|||
|subdivision_name2 = |
|||
| subdivision_type2 = |
|||
|seat_type = |
|||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jiangxi]] |
|||
|seat = |
|||
| subdivision_name2 = |
|||
|government_type = |
|||
| established_title = Settled |
|||
|leader_title = Mayor |
|||
| established_date = 236 AD |
|||
|leader_name = Wang Ping 王平 |
|||
| seat_type = Municipal seat |
|||
|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |
|||
| |
| seat = [[Zhanggong District]] |
||
| government_type = |
|||
|established_title = |
|||
| |
| leader_title = Mayor (deputy) |
||
| |
| leader_name = Zeng Wenming |
||
| leader_title1 = Secretary |
|||
|unit_pref =Imperial<!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |
|||
| |
| leader_name1 = Li Bingjun |
||
| |
| area_footnotes = |
||
| area_total_km2 = 39379.64 |
|||
|area_land_km2 = 39400 |
|||
| area_metro_km2 = 5316.8 |
|||
|area_water_km2 = |
|||
| |
| elevation_m = 107 |
||
| population_total = 8970014 |
|||
|area_land_sq_mi = |
|||
| population_as_of = 2020 census |
|||
|area_water_sq_mi = |
|||
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-jiangxi-admin.php|title=China: Jiāngxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> |
|||
|area_water_percent = |
|||
| population_density_km2 = auto |
|||
|area_urban_km2 = |
|||
| area_urban_km2 = 5316.8 |
|||
|area_urban_sq_mi = |
|||
| population_urban = 2588060 |
|||
|area_metro_km2 = |
|||
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto |
|||
|area_metro_sq_mi = |
|||
| population_metro = 2588060 |
|||
|population_as_of =2006 |
|||
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto |
|||
|population_footnotes = |
|||
|population_note |
| population_note = |
||
| demographics_type2 = GDP<ref name="GDP">{{cite web|language=zh-hans|url=https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_b32c53ab4e8f41e9a45b83760dad0a1e.shtml|script-title=zh:国民经济和社会发展（综合）|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|access-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307201432/https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_b32c53ab4e8f41e9a45b83760dad0a1e.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
|||
|population_total =8,456,900 |
|||
| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]] |
|||
|population_density_km2 = 476 |
|||
| demographics2_info1 = [[Renminbi|CN¥]] 347.4 billion<br />[[US$]] 53.5 billion |
|||
|population_density_sq_mi = |
|||
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita |
|||
|population_metro = |
|||
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 35,342<br />US$ 5,440 |
|||
|population_density_metro_km2 = |
|||
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in China|Postal code]] |
|||
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
|||
| |
| postal_code = 341000 |
||
| area_code = 0797 |
|||
|population_density_urban_km2 = |
|||
| website = {{URL|ganzhou.gov.cn/}} |
|||
|population_density_urban_mi2 = |
|||
| footnotes = |
|||
|timezone = [[China standard time]] |
|||
| timezone = [[Time in China#People’s Republic of China|China Standard]] |
|||
|utc_offset = +8 |
|||
| utc_offset = +8 |
|||
|latd=25|latm=52|lats=|latNS=N |
|||
| blank4_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of China|Vehicle registration plate prefixes]] |
|||
|longd=114|longm=56|longs=|longEW=E |
|||
| blank4_info = {{lang|zh-cn|赣B}} |
|||
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
|||
| blank5_name = [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]] |
|||
|elevation_m = |
|||
| |
| blank5_info = 360700 |
||
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-JX-07]] |
|||
|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |
|||
| |
| pushpin_map = China |
||
|area_code = 0797 |
|||
|website = http://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/ |
|||
|footnotes = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Ganzhou''' ({{zh |
'''Ganzhou''' ({{zh|s=赣州 |p=Gànzhōu}}), alternately romanized as '''Kanchow''', is a [[prefecture-level city]] in the south of [[Jiangxi]] province, China, bordering [[Fujian]] to the east, [[Guangdong]] to the south, and [[Hunan]] to the west. Its administrative seat is at [[Zhanggong District]]. |
||
== |
==History== |
||
In 201, [[Emperor Gaozu of Han China|Emperor Gaozu]] of the [[Han Dynasty]] established a county in the territory of modern Ganzhou. In those early years, [[Han Chinese|ethnic Han]] settlement and authority in the area was minimal and largely restricted to the [[Gan River]] basin. The river, a tributary of the [[Yangtze River]] via [[Poyang Lake]], provided a route of communication from the north as well as irrigation for rice farming. |
|||
=== Early settlement and administration === |
|||
During the [[Sui Dynasty]] the county administration was promoted to [[prefecture]] status and the area called Qianzhou (虔州). During the [[Song Dynasty]] immigration from the north bolstered the local population and drove local aboriginal tribes further into the hills. Especially after the fall of the [[Song Dynasty (960-1279)|Northern Song]] capital of [[Kaifeng]], migrants increased dramatically. The name was officially changed to Ganzhou in the [[Song Dynasty (960-1279)|Southern Song]]. |
|||
In 201 CE, [[Emperor Gaozu of Han]] established a county in the territory of modern Ganzhou.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} In 236 CE, during the [[Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms period]], the {{Interlanguage link|Luling Commandery|zh|庐陵郡}} was established in the area.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-11-16|script-title=zh:建置沿革|trans-title=Organizational History|url=https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-11/16/content_1aefe7f1456a4f52aca1fdc2290456ef.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307191404/https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-11/16/content_1aefe7f1456a4f52aca1fdc2290456ef.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-07|access-date=2021-03-07|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> In the early years, [[Han Chinese]] settlement and authority in the area was minimal and largely restricted to the [[Gan River]] basin.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} The river, a tributary of the [[Yangtze]] via [[Poyang Lake]], provided a route of communication from the north as well as irrigation for rice farming.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} |
|||
=== Sui dynasty === |
|||
During the late 1800s Ganzhou was opened as one of the southern [[treaty ports]] and became a minor base for foreign companies. Between 1929 and 1934, Ganzhou formed a part of the [[Jiangxi Soviet]], one of the bases of the [[Communist Party of China]]. Due to its proximity to the Red capital [[Ruijin]] (瑞金), Ganzhou was subject to a number of [[Kuomintang]] encirclement campaigns. |
|||
In 589 CE, during the [[Sui dynasty]], the {{Interlanguage link|Nankang Commandery|zh|南康郡}} was abolished, and the area was reorganized as [[Qianzhou (modern Jiangxi)|Qianzhou]].<ref name=":0" /> During the [[Song dynasty|Song]], immigration from the north bolstered the local population and drove local aboriginal tribes into admixing with the northerners.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} After the fall of the capital to the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin]] in 1126 in the [[Jingkang Incident]], immigration increased dramatically.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} |
|||
=== Song dynasty === |
|||
In 1153, under the [[Southern Song]], Qianzhou was abolished, and re-organized as Ganzhou, the same name as the present-day city.<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
=== Yuan dynasty === |
|||
In 1277, under the [[Yuan dynasty]], the area was reorganized as {{Interlanguage link|Ganzhou Circuit|zh|赣州路}}.<ref name=":0" /> Near the end of the Yuan dynasty, in 1365, Ganzhou Circuit was reorganized again as {{Interlanguage link|Ganzhou Fu (ancient)|lt=Ganzhou Fu|zh|赣州府}}, which it remained until 1912.<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
=== Qing dynasty === |
|||
During the late 1800s Ganzhou was opened as one of the southern [[treaty ports]] and became a minor base for foreign companies.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} |
|||
=== Republic of China === |
|||
In 1912, the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] abolished the area's dynasty-era subdivisions, replacing them all with [[Counties of China|counties]] administered by the provincial government of [[Jiangxi]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1914, the province of Jiangxi was divided into four [[Circuit (administrative division)|circuits]] ({{Lang-zh|c=道|p=Dào}}), one of which being {{Interlanguage link|Gannan Circuit|zh|赣南道}}, which ruled the area of present-day Ganzhou.<ref name=":0" /> In 1926, Gannan Circuit was abolished, and its counties were again directly administered by the Jiangxi provincial government.<ref name=":0" /> In 1932, the province established {{Interlanguage link|Administrative Inspectorate|lt=Administrative Inspectorates|zh|行政督察区}}, and the area of present-day Ganzhou was split between the 9th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Administrative Inspectorates.<ref name=":0" /> In subsequent years, the area would be reorganized to be divided between various Administrative Inspectorates.<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
==== Chinese Soviet Republic ==== |
|||
Beginning in 1928, the [[Chinese Communist Party]] began operating in the area, and by June 1930, a local [[Soviet (council)|soviet]] had formed and began governing a number of counties in the region.<ref name=":0" /> In November 1931, the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]] was proclaimed in {{Interlanguage link|Yeping, Ruijin|lt=Yeping|zh|叶坪镇 (瑞金市)}}, in the then-[[Counties of China|county]] of [[Ruijin]].<ref name=":0" /> During the subsequent years, Ganzhou was governed by the [[Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet]].<ref name=":0" /> Beginning in February 1934, Communist Party forces in the area began to lose territory to [[Kuomintang]] forces ([[Fifth encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet|Fifth encirclement]]).<ref name=":0" /> From then until March 1935, the Soviet gradually lost territory with only five northeastern counties left in Ganzhou as of early October 1934 until it collapsed.<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
==== Gannan New Deal ==== |
|||
[[File:Chiang Ching-kuo in Gannan 10.jpg|thumb|left|Chiang Ching-kuo in Ganzhou]]Between 1939 and 1945, [[Chiang Ching-kuo]], son of [[Chiang Kai-shek]], was appointed by the [[Government of the Republic of China]] as commissioner of Ganzhou Prefecture (mountain South), then the name of the surrounding regions of Ganzhou. There he banned [[History of opium in China|opium smoking]], gambling and prostitution, studied governmental management, allowed for economic expansion and a change in social outlook. His efforts were hailed as a miracle in the political war in China, then coined as the "Gannan New Deal" ({{Lang-zh|t=|c=贛南新政}}). During his time in Gannan, from 1940 he implemented a "public information desk" where ordinary people could visit him if they had problems, and according to records, Chiang Ching-kuo received a total of 1,023 people during such sessions in 1942. In regards to the ban on prostitution and closing of brothels, Chiang implemented a policy where former prostitutes became employed in factories. Due to the large number of refugees in Ganzhou as a result from the [[Second Sino-Japanese War|ongoing war]], thousands of orphans lived on the street; in June 1942, Chiang Ching-kuo formally established the Chinese Children's Village ({{Lang-zh|c=中華兒童新村}}) in the outskirts of Ganzhou, with facilities such as a nursery, kindergarten, primary school, hospital and gymnasium.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diocese of Ganzhou |url=https://www.ucanews.com/directory/dioceses/china-ganzhou/615 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.ucanews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiang Ching-kuo and the Regional Planning of Gannan under the Influence of Soviet Experience (1941-1945) |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268414945.pdf |access-date=2023-05-13}}</ref> |
|||
=== People's Republic of China === |
|||
On August 14, 1949, the [[People's Liberation Army]] established control of Gan County.<ref name=":0" /> In June 1951, Ganzhou Prefecture ({{Lang-zh|s=赣州专区|t=贛州專區}}) was established.<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
In February 1999, Ganzhou was changed from a prefecture to a [[prefecture-level city]].<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
==Administration== |
==Administration== |
||
[[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ng50-9.jpg|thumb|Map including Ganzhou (labeled as KAN-HSIEN {{lang|zh-hant|贛縣}}) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1954)]] |
|||
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=430 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |
|||
Ganzhou has jurisdiction over 3 [[District of China|districts]], 2 [[county-level cities]], 13 [[County (People's Republic of China)|counties]]: |
|||
| align="center" colspan=2 | [[Image:Ganzhou.jpg|420px]] |
|||
|} |
|||
;District: |
|||
Ganzhou has jurisdiction over 1 [[District of China|district]], 2 [[County-level city|county-level cities]] and 15 [[County of China|counties]]: |
|||
*[[Zhanggong District]] ({{lang|zh-hans|章贡区}}) |
|||
*[[Nankang, Jiangxi|Nankang District]] ({{lang|zh|南康区}}) |
|||
*[[Ganxian District]] ({{lang|zh-hans|赣县区}}) |
|||
;County-level cities: |
|||
District: |
|||
*[[Ruijin]] ({{lang|zh|瑞金市}}) |
|||
*[[Zhanggong District]] (章贡区) |
|||
*[[Longnan, Jiangxi|Longnan]] ({{lang|zh-hans|龙南市}}) |
|||
;Counties: |
|||
County-level cities: |
|||
*[[Yudu County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|于都县}}) |
|||
*[[Nankang, Jiangxi|Nankang]] (南康市) |
|||
*[[Xingguo County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|兴国县}}) |
|||
*[[Ruijin]] (瑞金市) |
|||
*[[Ningdu County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|宁都县}}) |
|||
*[[Shicheng County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|石城县}}) |
|||
*[[Huichang County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|会昌县}}) |
|||
*[[Xunwu County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|寻乌县}}) |
|||
*[[Anyuan County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|安远县}}) |
|||
*[[Dingnan County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|定南县}}) |
|||
*[[Quannan County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|全南县}}) |
|||
*[[Xinfeng County, Jiangxi|Xinfeng County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|信丰县}}) |
|||
*[[Dayu County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|大余县}}) |
|||
*[[Chongyi County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|崇义县}}) |
|||
*[[Shangyou County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|上犹县}}) |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
Counties: |
|||
! Map |
|||
*[[Gan County]] (赣县) |
|||
|- |
|||
*[[Yudu County]] (于都县) |
|||
| <div style="position: relative" class="center"> |
|||
*[[Xingguo County]] (兴国县) |
|||
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Ganzhou.png|width=600|link=}} |
|||
*[[Ningdu County]] (宁都县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=680|y=1040|scale=600/2000|text=[[Zhanggong District|{{small|'''Zhanggong<br>{{small|(district)}}'''}}]]}} |
|||
*[[Shicheng County]] (石城县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=560|y=1150|scale=600/2000|text=[[Nankang District, Ganzhou|'''Nankang<br>{{small|(district)}}''']]}} |
|||
*[[Huichang County]] (会昌县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=770|y=930|scale=600/2000|text=[[Ganxian District|'''Ganxian<br>{{small|(district)}}''']]}} |
|||
*[[Xunwu County]] (寻乌县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=1050|y=970|scale=600/2000|text=[[Yudu County|'''Yudu<br>County''']]}} |
|||
*[[Anyuan County]] (安远县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=1035|y=555|scale=600/2000|text=[[Xingguo County|'''Xingguo<br>County''']]}} |
|||
*[[Dingnan County]] (定南县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=1500|y=470|scale=600/2000|text=[[Ningdu County|'''Ningdu<br>County''']]}} |
|||
*[[Longnan County]] (龙南县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=1710|y=750|scale=600/2000|text=[[Shicheng County|'''Shicheng<br>County''']]}} |
|||
*[[Quannan County]] (全南县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=1290|y=1330|scale=600/2000|text=[[Huichang County|'''Huichang<br>County''']]}} |
|||
*[[Xinfeng County, Jiangxi|Xinfeng County]] (信丰县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=1204|y=1750|scale=600/2000|text=[[Xunwu County|'''Xunwu<br>County''']]}} |
|||
*[[Dayu County]] (大余县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=1030|y=1500|scale=600/2000|text=[[Anyuan County|'''Anyuan<br>County''']]}} |
|||
*[[Chongyi County]] (崇义县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=820|y=1840|scale=600/2000|text=[[Dingnan County|'''Dingnan<br>County''']]}} |
|||
*[[Shangyou County]] (上犹县) |
|||
{{Image label|x=320|y=1840|scale=600/2000|text=[[Quannan County|'''Quannan<br>County''']]}} |
|||
{{Image label|x=710|y=1470|scale=600/2000|text=[[Xinfeng County, Jiangxi|'''Xinfeng<br>County''']]}} |
|||
{{Image label|x=250|y=1360|scale=600/2000|text=[[Dayu County|'''Dayu<br>County''']]}} |
|||
{{Image label|x=150|y=1120|scale=600/2000|text=[[Chongyi County|'''Chongyi<br>County''']]}} |
|||
{{Image label|x=285|y=895|scale=600/2000|text=[[Shangyou County|'''Shangyou<br>County''']]}} |
|||
{{Image label|x=1490|y=960|scale=600/2000|text=[[Ruijin|'''Ruijin<br>{{small|(city)}}''']]}} |
|||
{{Image label|x=560|y=1810|scale=600/2000|text=[[Longnan, Jiangxi|'''Longnan<br>{{small|(city)}}''']]}} |
|||
{{Image label end}} |
|||
</div> |
|||
|} |
|||
==Geography== |
==Geography== |
||
[[File:Tongtianyan Grottoes.JPG|thumb|The [[Tongtianyan Grottoes]] ({{lang|zh|通天岩石窟}}) in Ganzhou]] |
|||
Ganzhou is a large city covering the southern third of Jiangxi province, with an area of 39,400 square kilometers. It borders Hunan province to the west, Guangdong to the south, and Fujian to the east, as well as the cities of Ji'an and Fuzhou to the north. More than 70% of the area is forested. The vast majority of the province, more than 83%, is also mountainous. Several of the major tributaries of the Gan River, Ganzhou's namesake, join at a confluence in the center of the city. |
|||
Ganzhou is a large city covering the southern third of Jiangxi, with an area of {{convert|39400|km2}}. More than 70% of its administrative area is forested, and over 83% is also mountainous. Several of the major tributaries of the Gan River, Ganzhou's namesake, join at a confluence in the center of the city. Bordering prefecture-level cities are: |
|||
[[Fujian]]: |
|||
*[[Sanming]]{{spaced ndash}}east |
|||
*[[Longyan]]{{spaced ndash}}east |
|||
[[Guangdong]]: |
|||
*[[Meizhou]]{{spaced ndash}}south |
|||
*[[Heyuan]]{{spaced ndash}}south |
|||
*[[Shaoguan]]{{spaced ndash}}south |
|||
[[Hunan]]: |
|||
*[[Chenzhou]]{{spaced ndash}}west |
|||
Jiangxi: |
|||
*[[Ji'an]]{{spaced ndash}}north |
|||
*[[Fuzhou, Jiangxi|Fuzhou]]{{spaced ndash}}north |
|||
===Climate=== |
===Climate=== |
||
Ganzhou has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') affected by the [[East Asia]]n [[monsoon]], with long, humid, very hot summers and cool and drier winters with occasional cold snaps. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|8.2|°C}} in January to {{convert|29.5|°C|1}} in July, with an annual average of {{convert|19.57|°C|1}}. The average annual precipitation is around {{convert|1450|mm|in|abbr=on}}. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 20% in March to 62% in July, the city receives 1,778 hours of bright sunshine annually. Winter begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier; spring begins especially gloomy, and from March to June each of the months averages more than {{convert|170|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall. After the heavy rains subside in June, summer is especially sunny. Autumn is warm and relatively dry. |
|||
Ganzhou has a humid subtropical climate affected by the Asian monsoon, with long, humid, very hot summers and short, mild and dry winters with occasional cold snaps. |
|||
The average annual [[rainfall]] is about 1,400 mm (56 inches). |
|||
{{Weather box |
|||
<!--Infobox begins-->{{Infobox Weather |
|||
|location = Ganzhou ([[Ganxian District]]) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) |
|||
|metric_first= yes <!--Entering Yes will display metric first. Leave blank for imperial--> |
|||
|metric first = y |
|||
|single_line= yes |
|||
|single line = y |
|||
|location = Ganzhou, China |
|||
| |
|collapsed = y |
||
|Jan record high C = 27.7 |
|||
|Feb_Hi_°C = 13 |
|||
|Feb record high C = 29.5 |
|||
|Mar_Hi_°C = 18 |
|||
|Mar record high C = 32.2 |
|||
|Apr_Hi_°C = 23 |
|||
|Apr record high C = 35.1 |
|||
|May_Hi_°C = 28 |
|||
|May record high C = 36.5 |
|||
|Jun_Hi_°C = 32 |
|||
|Jun record high C = 38.4 |
|||
|Jul_Hi_°C = 34 |
|||
|Jul record high C = 40.0 |
|||
|Aug_Hi_°C = 34 |
|||
|Aug record high C = 41.2 |
|||
|Sep_Hi_°C = 31 |
|||
|Sep record high C = 38.8 |
|||
|Oct_Hi_°C = 26 |
|||
|Oct record high C = 36.6 |
|||
|Nov_Hi_°C = 20 |
|||
|Nov record high C = 32.8 |
|||
|Dec_Hi_°C = 14 |
|||
| |
|Dec record high C = 29.1 |
||
| |
|Jan high C = 12.6 |
||
| |
|Feb high C = 15.5 |
||
| |
|Mar high C = 18.7 |
||
| |
|Apr high C = 25.0 |
||
| |
|May high C = 29.1 |
||
| |
|Jun high C = 31.8 |
||
| |
|Jul high C = 34.7 |
||
| |
|Aug high C = 34.1 |
||
| |
|Sep high C = 30.9 |
||
| |
|Oct high C = 26.6 |
||
| |
|Nov high C = 21.1 |
||
| |
|Dec high C = 15.1 |
||
| |
|Jan mean C = 8.4 |
||
|Feb mean C = 11.0 |
|||
|Jan_Precip_cm = |Jan_Precip_mm = 61.0 |
|||
|Mar mean C = 14.4 |
|||
|Feb_Precip_cm = |Feb_Precip_mm = 96.5 |
|||
|Apr mean C = 20.3 |
|||
|Mar_Precip_cm = |Mar_Precip_mm = 160.0 |
|||
|May mean C = 24.5 |
|||
|Apr_Precip_cm = |Apr_Precip_mm = 200.7 |
|||
|Jun mean C = 27.4 |
|||
|May_Precip_cm = |May_Precip_mm = 215.9 |
|||
|Jul mean C = 29.7 |
|||
|Jun_Precip_cm = |Jun_Precip_mm = 208.3 |
|||
|Aug mean C = 29.0 |
|||
|Jul_Precip_cm = |Jul_Precip_mm = 96.5 |
|||
|Sep mean C = 26.2 |
|||
|Aug_Precip_cm = |Aug_Precip_mm = 121.9 |
|||
|Oct mean C = 21.5 |
|||
|赣州（Gànzhōu）位于江西省南部，赣江上游，是江西省第二大城市、最有发展潜力的城市、国家历史文化名城、国家园林城市、全国卫生城市和中国优秀旅游城市，是国家科技创新基地、中部六省加工贸易梯度转移重点承接地、中部最佳投资城市、粤商最佳投资城市、浙商最佳投资城市、深港企业最佳投资城市、世界重要的钨产地，有世界钨都之称。简称赣或虔（为了与江西省简称相区别，现多简称虔），东接福建省三明市和龙岩市，南临广东省梅州市、河源市和韶关市，西靠湖南省郴州市，北连本省吉安、抚州两地区。处于我国东南沿海地区向中部内地延伸的过渡地带，也是内地通向东南沿海的重要通道之一。 |
|||
|Nov mean C = 16.0 |
|||
|Oct_Precip_cm = |Oct_Precip_mm = 76.2 |
|||
|Dec mean C = 10.3 |
|||
|Nov_Precip_cm = |Nov_Precip_mm = 53.3 |
|||
|Jan low C = 5.7 |
|||
|Dec_Precip_cm = |Dec_Pr |
|||
|Feb low C = 8.0 |
|||
|Mar low C = 11.4 |
|||
|Apr low C = 16.9 |
|||
|May low C = 21.1 |
|||
|Jun low C = 24.3 |
|||
|Jul low C = 26.0 |
|||
|Aug low C = 25.5 |
|||
|Sep low C = 22.8 |
|||
|Oct low C = 17.9 |
|||
|Nov low C = 12.5 |
|||
|Dec low C = 7.0 |
|||
|Jan record low C = -6.0 |
|||
|Feb record low C = −4.4 |
|||
|Mar record low C = −0.3 |
|||
|Apr record low C = 4.2 |
|||
|May record low C = 11.1 |
|||
|Jun record low C = 15.6 |
|||
|Jul record low C = 19.1 |
|||
|Aug record low C = 19.7 |
|||
|Sep record low C = 13.1 |
|||
|Oct record low C = 5.2 |
|||
|Nov record low C = −0.4 |
|||
|Dec record low C = −3.8 |
|||
|precipitation colour = green |
|||
|Jan precipitation mm = 71.6 |
|||
|Feb precipitation mm = 96.2 |
|||
|Mar precipitation mm = 173.5 |
|||
|Apr precipitation mm = 161.6 |
|||
|May precipitation mm = 224.5 |
|||
|Jun precipitation mm = 205.4 |
|||
|Jul precipitation mm = 135.2 |
|||
|Aug precipitation mm = 154.3 |
|||
|Sep precipitation mm = 75.8 |
|||
|Oct precipitation mm = 48.7 |
|||
|Nov precipitation mm = 65.6 |
|||
|Dec precipitation mm = 50.9 |
|||
|Jan humidity = 76 |
|||
|Feb humidity = 76 |
|||
|Mar humidity = 79 |
|||
|Apr humidity = 76 |
|||
|May humidity = 76 |
|||
|Jun humidity = 76 |
|||
|Jul humidity = 69 |
|||
|Aug humidity = 72 |
|||
|Sep humidity = 73 |
|||
|Oct humidity = 70 |
|||
|Nov humidity = 73 |
|||
|Dec humidity = 73 |
|||
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
|||
|Jan precipitation days = 11.7 |
|||
|Feb precipitation days = 13.0 |
|||
|Mar precipitation days = 18.2 |
|||
|Apr precipitation days = 16.2 |
|||
|May precipitation days = 16.9 |
|||
|Jun precipitation days = 16.0 |
|||
|Jul precipitation days = 11.4 |
|||
|Aug precipitation days = 13.6 |
|||
|Sep precipitation days = 9.3 |
|||
|Oct precipitation days = 6.0 |
|||
|Nov precipitation days = 7.9 |
|||
|Dec precipitation days = 9.0 |
|||
|year precipitation days = |
|||
|Jan sun = 82.7 |
|||
|Feb sun = 84.0 |
|||
|Mar sun = 79.9 |
|||
|Apr sun = 114.4 |
|||
|May sun = 139.9 |
|||
|Jun sun = 162.6 |
|||
|Jul sun = 253.3 |
|||
|Aug sun = 223.0 |
|||
|Sep sun = 175.3 |
|||
|Oct sun = 168.0 |
|||
|Nov sun = 139.0 |
|||
|Dec sun = 124.4 |
|||
|year sun = |
|||
| Jan percentsun = 25 |
|||
| Feb percentsun = 26 |
|||
| Mar percentsun = 21 |
|||
| Apr percentsun = 30 |
|||
| May percentsun = 34 |
|||
| Jun percentsun = 40 |
|||
| Jul percentsun = 61 |
|||
| Aug percentsun = 56 |
|||
| Sep percentsun = 48 |
|||
| Oct percentsun = 47 |
|||
| Nov percentsun = 43 |
|||
| Dec percentsun = 38 |
|||
| year percentsun = |
|||
|Jan snow days = 1.3 |
|||
|Feb snow days = 1.0 |
|||
|Mar snow days = 0.1 |
|||
|Apr snow days = 0 |
|||
|May snow days = 0 |
|||
|Jun snow days = 0 |
|||
|Jul snow days = 0 |
|||
|Aug snow days = 0 |
|||
|Sep snow days = 0 |
|||
|Oct snow days = 0 |
|||
|Nov snow days = 0 |
|||
|Dec snow days = 0.4 |
|||
|year snow days = |
|||
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref><ref> |
|||
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =30 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=CMA>{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） |access-date=2010-05-04 |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language=zh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 }}</ref>}} |
|||
==Demographics== |
|||
Its population was 8,970,014 at the [[2020 Chinese census]] whom 2,588,060 in the built-up (''or metro'') area made of Zhanggong, Nankang, and Ganxian Districts. |
|||
According to the official website<ref>http://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/gzgk/sqjs.aspx "Introduction of Ganzhou", People's Government of Ganzhou (Chinese)</ref>, there are 8,456,900 people living within prefecture limits. More than 99% are [[Han Chinese]], and 71,200 people belong to 41 minority ethnical groups (mainly [[She people|She]], [[Hui people|Hui]] and [[Yao people|Yao]]). Ganzhou also contains the largest [[Hakka people|Hakka]] community in Jiangxi. Almost all the people in Ganzhou speak [[Hakka (language)|Hakkanese]] except the urban area ([[Zhanggong District]]), which is considered as a [[Southwestern Mandarin|Southwestern-Mandarin]]-speaking "dialect island". |
|||
As of 2019, Ganzhou's [[birth rate]] is 12.96 per 1,000.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-11-16|script-title=zh:人口与民族|trans-title=Population and Ethnicity|url=https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-11/16/content_96cd5354a39144beb1673c91a0427933.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307190442/https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-11/16/content_96cd5354a39144beb1673c91a0427933.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-07|access-date=2021-03-07|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> |
|||
== Economy == |
|||
As of 2021, Ganzhou's [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) totaled ¥416.9 billion, an 9.5% increase from the previous year.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-16|script-title=zh:国民经济和社会发展（综合）|trans-title=National Economic and Social Development (Comprehensive)|url=https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_b32c53ab4e8f41e9a45b83760dad0a1e.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307201432/https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_b32c53ab4e8f41e9a45b83760dad0a1e.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-07|access-date=2021-03-07|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> Of this, ¥37.632 billion (10.83%) came from the city's [[Primary sector of the economy|primary sector]], ¥136.819 billion (39.38%) came from the city's [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]], and ¥172.983 billion came (49.79%) from the city's [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]].<ref name=":2" /> The city's GDP per capita totaled ¥35,341.74.<ref name=":2" /> |
|||
As of 2019, the [[per capita]] [[Disposable Income|disposable income]] of the Ganzhou's urban residents totaled ¥34,826, and the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's rural residents totaled ¥11,941.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-16|script-title=zh:国民经济和社会发展（人民生活与社会保障）|trans-title=National Economic and Social Development (People's Livelihoods and Social Security)|url=https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_f16848c5811a42a1a2b055dc66c4eb88.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307202513/https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_f16848c5811a42a1a2b055dc66c4eb88.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-07|access-date=2021-03-07|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> |
|||
In 2011, Ganzhou's gross domestic product totaled ¥133.598 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-02|script-title=zh:赣州市2011年全年主要经济指标|trans-title=Ganzhou 2011 Primary Economic Index|url=http://xxgk.ganzhou.gov.cn/gddt/tjsj/201202/t20120202_484380.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091216/http://xxgk.ganzhou.gov.cn/gddt/tjsj/201202/t20120202_484380.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2021-03-07|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> |
|||
==Tourism== |
==Tourism== |
||
[[Image:Bajing Pavilion.jpg|right|thumb|Bajing Pavilion in Ganzhou]] |
[[Image:Bajing Pavilion.jpg|right|thumb|Bajing Pavilion in Ganzhou]] |
||
Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gndaily.com/news/2010-05/25/content_271827.htm |script-title=zh:"世界橙乡"赣州创造脐橙销售奇迹 １１２万吨售空 |publisher=Jiangxi Times |date=2010-05-25 |language=zh-cn |access-date=2011-01-23 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726193119/http://www.gndaily.com/news/2010-05/25/content_271827.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/english/news/201001/t20100129_164781.htm |title=Contest Entry Notice for the Design of the Logo of "Ganzhou-World Capital of the Navel Orange" |publisher=Ganzhou Daily |date=2010-01-13 |access-date=2011-01-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926171857/http://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/english/news/201001/t20100129_164781.htm |archive-date=2010-09-26 |
|||
Ganzhou receives a small number of domestic tourists each year. Although it is encircled by mountain scenery, it is largely overshadowed by more famous attractions in Jiangxi, such as [[Lushan]] and [[Jingdezhen]] among others. Some of the places of interest in Ganzhou include: |
|||
}}</ref> as well as the "Tungsten Capital of the World".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-12/21/content_6338988.htm |title=Ganzhou the world's largest tungsten supplier |publisher=China Daily |date=2007-12-21 |access-date=2011-01-13}}</ref> The world's largest mechanical clock is located in Ganzhou called the Harmony Clock Tower,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gndaily.com/english/2010-07/14/content_231208.htm |title=Ganzhou World's Largest Mechanical Clock |publisher=Ganzhou Daily |date=2010-07-14 |access-date=2011-01-23 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726193155/http://www.gndaily.com/english/2010-07/14/content_231208.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> which was manufactured by UK-based clockmakers [[Smith of Derby Group]]. Though encircled by mountain scenery, other notable attractions in Jiangxi are [[Jingdezhen]], [[Nanchang]] and [[Mount Lu|Lushan]] among others. Some of the places of interest in Ganzhou include: |
|||
* [[Mount Jiulian]] (九连山), Longnan County |
|||
* [[ |
* [[Mount Jiulian]] ({{lang|zh-hans|九连山}}), Longnan County |
||
* [[ |
* [[Mei Pass]], Dayu County |
||
* [[Cuiwei Peak]] ({{lang|zh-hans|翠微峰}}), Ningdu County |
|||
* [[Hakka architecture]] (赣南客家围屋) Some of the most representative Hakka houses include Fort Xin 新围, Longnan 龙南; Fort Yanji 燕翼围, Yangcun 杨村; Fort Longguang 龙光围, Taojiang 桃江; Fort Dongsheng 东生围, Anyuan 安远 etc. |
|||
* [[Hakka architecture]]: Some of the most representative Hakka houses include Guanxi Xinwei ({{lang|zh-hans|关西新围}}) of [[Longnan County|Longnan]]; Yanji Wei ({{lang|zh-hans|燕翼围}}), of Yangcun ({{lang|zh-hans|杨村}}); Longguang Wei ({{lang|zh-hans|龙光围}}) of Taojiang ({{lang|zh|桃江}}); and Dongsheng Wei ({{lang|zh-hans|东生围}}) of [[Anyuan County|Anyuan]], etc. |
|||
* [[Yugu Pavilion]](郁孤台), Zhanggong District |
|||
* [[ |
* [[Yugu Pavilion]], Zhanggong District |
||
* [[Bajing Pavilion]], Zhanggong District |
|||
* [[Dongjin Bridge]] (东津桥): [[Pontoon bridge]]s have been constructed over the Zhang and Gong rivers since the Song Dynasty. One of the bridges, the Dongjin Bridge, can still be seen. It is 400 metres long, made up of wooden planks placed on around 100 wooden boats linked together with iron chains. |
|||
* [[Dongjin Bridge]]: [[Pontoon bridge]]s have been constructed over the Zhang and Gong rivers since the Song dynasty. The Dongjin Bridge is one that can still be seen. It is 400 metres long, made up of wooden planks placed on around 100 wooden boats linked together with iron chains. |
|||
* {{ill|Zao'er Alley|zh|灶儿巷}} ({{lang|zh-hans|灶儿巷}}), Zhanggong District: An alley dating to at least the [[Song dynasty]], with a length of {{convert|227.3|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Jiang |first1=Peiheng (江佩横) |url=http://news.sohu.com/20070922/n252295976.shtml|script-title=zh:皂儿巷之行(组图)-搜狐新闻 |script-work=zh:天津日报 |via=[[Sohu]] News}}</ref> |
|||
Zhanggong has a [[city wall]] dating to the Song dynasty, as well as a number of pavilions and [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and [[Taoism|Taoist]] temples from the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]]. Altogether there are some 17 [[Major Site to Be Protected for Its Historical and Cultural Value at the National Level|National Cultural Relic Protection Units]] in Ganzhou and 48 Provincial-level Cultural Relic Protection Units. |
|||
==Media== |
|||
Ganzhou Daily covers news about Ganzhou. |
|||
==Transportation== |
==Transportation== |
||
===Roads and highways=== |
===Roads and highways=== |
||
*China National Highways: [[China National Highway 105|G 105]], [[China National Highway 206|G 206]], [[China National Highway 319|G 319]], [[China National Highway 323|G 323]]. |
|||
*China National Highways: |
|||
*Expressways of China: [[G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway]] and [[G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway]]. |
|||
[[China National Highway 105|G 105]], [[China National Highway 206|G 206]], [[China National Highway 319|G 319]], [[China National Highway 323|G 323]]. |
|||
*Expressways of China: |
|||
[[Ganyue Expressway]] |
|||
===Railway=== |
===Railway=== |
||
[[File:Ganzhou Railway Station 2016.06.17 07-42-21.jpg|thumb|Ganzhou Railway Station.]] |
|||
The [[Beijing-Jiulong Railway]] goes through Ganzhou from north to south, and it meet the [[Ganzhou-Longyan Railway]](Ganlong line) at East Ganzhou Railway Station in Zhanggong Distrcit. |
|||
The [[Beijing-Jiulong Railway]] goes through Ganzhou from north to south, and it meets the [[Ganzhou–Longyan Railway]] (Ganlong line) at East Ganzhou Railway Station in Zhanggong District. [[Nanchang–Shenzhen high-speed railway]] is under construction. The [[Ganzhou–Shenzhen high-speed railway]] opened on 10 December 2021 and connects Ganzhou with [[Shenzhen]]. |
|||
Major railway stations in Ganzhou are: |
Major railway stations in Ganzhou are: |
||
*Ganzhou, Xingguo, Nankang, Xinfeng, Longnan and Dingnan (Beijing-Jiulong Railway) |
|||
* |
*Ganzhou, Xingguo, Nankang, Xinfeng, Longnan and Dingnan (Beijing-Jiulong Railway) |
||
*Ganxian, Yudu, Huichang, Ruijin (Ganzhou-Longyan Railway) |
|||
===Air=== |
===Air=== |
||
The new [[Ganzhou Huangjin Airport]] |
[[File:Ganzhou Huangjin Airport - Terminal Building.jpg|thumb|The terminal building of Ganzhou Huangjin Airport.]] |
||
The new [[Ganzhou Huangjin Airport]], located in [[Nankang, Jiangxi|Nankang]], was opened on March 26, 2008. Its name inherited from the ''old Huangjin Airport'' in Huangjin Town, [[Zhanggong District]], which was closed since it was too close to the expanding Ganzhou urban area. It has domestic routes to [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Nanchang]], [[Xiamen]], [[Nanjing]], [[Shanghai]], [[Nanning]], [[Chongqing]] and [[Beijing]]. |
|||
== |
==Notable people== |
||
*Nobel Laureate [[Gao Xingjian]] (Nobel Prize for literature in 2000) was born in Ganzhou. |
|||
== Notable residents == |
|||
*Artist [[Hu Zhiying]] was born November 12, 1959, in Ganzhou. |
|||
*Actress [[Zhu Xijuan]] was born in Ganzhou. |
|||
*Professor [[Li Peng (physiologist)|Li Peng]] was born in Ganzhou. |
|||
==Sister cities== |
|||
Nobel Laureate [[Gao Xingjian]] (Nobel Prize for literature in 2000) was born in Ganzhou. |
|||
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[McAllen, Texas]], United States, since 1994. |
|||
*{{flagdeco|France}} [[Roissy-en-France]], [[Val-d'Oise]], France, since 2008.<ref>http://www.aaecf.com/shownew.asp?id=543 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216065109/http://www.aaecf.com/shownew.asp?id=543 |date=2012-02-16 }} "Ganzhou and Roissy become sister cities", Association Amitié Euro-Chinoise (Chinese)</ref> |
|||
==Sister Cities== |
|||
*{{ |
*{{flagdeco|Sierra Leone}} [[Freetown]], Sierra Leone, since 2008. |
||
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Brunswick, Georgia]], United States, since 2008. |
|||
*{{flagicon|France}}[[Roissy-en-France]], [[France]];since 2008.<ref>http://www.aaecf.com/shownew.asp?id=543 "Ganzhou and Roissy become sister cities", Association Amitié Euro-Chinoise (Chinese)</ref> |
|||
*{{flagdeco|Greece}} [[Phocis]], Greece, since 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftodioikisi.gr/perifereies/perifereia_stereas_elladas/16093 |script-title=el:Μνημόνιο Φιλίας και Συνεργασίας μεταξύ της περιφερειακής ενότητας Φωκίδας και της περιοχής Ganzhou της Κίνας |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108124817/http://aftodioikisi.gr/perifereies/perifereia_stereas_elladas/16093 |archive-date=2012-01-08 |language=el |website=aftodioikisi.gr}}</ref> |
|||
*{{flagicon|Sierra Leone}}[[Freetown, Sierra Leone|Freetown]], [[Sierra Leone]];since 2008. |
|||
*{{ |
*{{flagdeco|Brazil}} [[Limeira, São Paulo]], Brazil, since 2013. |
||
==Notes== |
==Notes== |
||
{{ |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
{{ |
{{Commons category|Ganzhou}} |
||
* |
*[http://gz.jxcn.cn/ Ganzhou, Jiangxi (Chinese)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115175542/http://gz.jxcn.cn/ |date=2010-11-15 }} |
||
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Ganzhou}} |
|||
{{Jiangxi topics}} |
|||
{{Jiangxi}} |
{{Jiangxi}} |
||
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}} |
|||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
{{coord|25|52|N|114|56|E|display=title|source:frwiki}} |
|||
[[Category:Ganzhou| ]] |
[[Category:Ganzhou| ]] |
||
[[Category:Jiangxi]] |
[[Category:Cities in Jiangxi]] |
||
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Jiangxi]] |
|||
[[de:Ganzhou]] |
|||
[[eu:Ganzhou]] |
|||
[[fr:Ganzhou]] |
|||
[[gan:贛州]] |
|||
[[ko:간저우 시]] |
|||
[[he:גאנג'ואו]] |
|||
[[nl:Ganzhou]] |
|||
[[ja:カン州市]] |
|||
[[no:Ganzhou (Jiangxi)]] |
|||
[[pl:Ganzhou]] |
|||
[[tl:Ganzhou]] |
|||
[[vi:Cám Châu]] |
|||
[[zh:赣州市]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 03:52, 24 December 2024
Ganzhou
赣州市 Kanchow | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Location of Ganzhou City jurisdiction in Jiangxi | |
  Ganzhou | |
| Coordinates (Ganzhou municipal government): 25°49′52″N 114°55′59″E / 25.831°N 114.933°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jiangxi |
| Settled | 236 AD |
| Municipal seat | Zhanggong District |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (deputy) | Zeng Wenming |
| • Secretary | Li Bingjun |
| Area | |
| 39,379.64 km2 (15,204.56 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 5,316.8 km2 (2,052.8 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 5,316.8 km2 (2,052.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 107 m (351 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 8,970,014 | |
| • Density | 230/km2 (590/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,588,060 |
| • Urban density | 490/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,588,060 |
| • Metro density | 490/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 347.4 billion US$ 53.5 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 35,342 US$ 5,440 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 341000 |
| Area code | 0797 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-JX-07 |
| Vehicle registration plate prefixes | 赣B |
| Administrative division code | 360700 |
| Website | ganzhou |
Ganzhou (Chinese: 赣州; pinyin: Gànzhōu), alternately romanized as Kanchow, is a prefecture-level city in the south of Jiangxi province, China, bordering Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, and Hunan to the west. Its administrative seat is at Zhanggong District.
History
[edit]Early settlement and administration
[edit]In 201 CE, Emperor Gaozu of Han established a county in the territory of modern Ganzhou.[citation needed] In 236 CE, during the Three Kingdoms period, the Luling Commandery was established in the area.[3] In the early years, Han Chinese settlement and authority in the area was minimal and largely restricted to the Gan River basin.[citation needed] The river, a tributary of the Yangtze via Poyang Lake, provided a route of communication from the north as well as irrigation for rice farming.[citation needed]
Sui dynasty
[edit]In 589 CE, during the Sui dynasty, the Nankang Commandery was abolished, and the area was reorganized as Qianzhou.[3] During the Song, immigration from the north bolstered the local population and drove local aboriginal tribes into admixing with the northerners.[citation needed] After the fall of the capital to the Jin in 1126 in the Jingkang Incident, immigration increased dramatically.[citation needed]
Song dynasty
[edit]In 1153, under the Southern Song, Qianzhou was abolished, and re-organized as Ganzhou, the same name as the present-day city.[3]
Yuan dynasty
[edit]In 1277, under the Yuan dynasty, the area was reorganized as Ganzhou Circuit.[3] Near the end of the Yuan dynasty, in 1365, Ganzhou Circuit was reorganized again as Ganzhou Fu, which it remained until 1912.[3]
Qing dynasty
[edit]During the late 1800s Ganzhou was opened as one of the southern treaty ports and became a minor base for foreign companies.[citation needed]
Republic of China
[edit]In 1912, the Republic of China abolished the area's dynasty-era subdivisions, replacing them all with counties administered by the provincial government of Jiangxi.[3] In 1914, the province of Jiangxi was divided into four circuits (Chinese: 道; pinyin: Dào), one of which being Gannan Circuit, which ruled the area of present-day Ganzhou.[3] In 1926, Gannan Circuit was abolished, and its counties were again directly administered by the Jiangxi provincial government.[3] In 1932, the province established Administrative Inspectorates, and the area of present-day Ganzhou was split between the 9th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Administrative Inspectorates.[3] In subsequent years, the area would be reorganized to be divided between various Administrative Inspectorates.[3]
Chinese Soviet Republic
[edit]Beginning in 1928, the Chinese Communist Party began operating in the area, and by June 1930, a local soviet had formed and began governing a number of counties in the region.[3] In November 1931, the Chinese Soviet Republic was proclaimed in Yeping, in the then-county of Ruijin.[3] During the subsequent years, Ganzhou was governed by the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet.[3] Beginning in February 1934, Communist Party forces in the area began to lose territory to Kuomintang forces (Fifth encirclement).[3] From then until March 1935, the Soviet gradually lost territory with only five northeastern counties left in Ganzhou as of early October 1934 until it collapsed.[3]
Gannan New Deal
[edit]
Between 1939 and 1945, Chiang Ching-kuo, son of Chiang Kai-shek, was appointed by the Government of the Republic of China as commissioner of Ganzhou Prefecture (mountain South), then the name of the surrounding regions of Ganzhou. There he banned opium smoking, gambling and prostitution, studied governmental management, allowed for economic expansion and a change in social outlook. His efforts were hailed as a miracle in the political war in China, then coined as the "Gannan New Deal" (Chinese: 贛南新政). During his time in Gannan, from 1940 he implemented a "public information desk" where ordinary people could visit him if they had problems, and according to records, Chiang Ching-kuo received a total of 1,023 people during such sessions in 1942. In regards to the ban on prostitution and closing of brothels, Chiang implemented a policy where former prostitutes became employed in factories. Due to the large number of refugees in Ganzhou as a result from the ongoing war, thousands of orphans lived on the street; in June 1942, Chiang Ching-kuo formally established the Chinese Children's Village (Chinese: 中華兒童新村) in the outskirts of Ganzhou, with facilities such as a nursery, kindergarten, primary school, hospital and gymnasium.[4][5]
People's Republic of China
[edit]On August 14, 1949, the People's Liberation Army established control of Gan County.[3] In June 1951, Ganzhou Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 赣州专区; traditional Chinese: 贛州專區) was established.[3]
In February 1999, Ganzhou was changed from a prefecture to a prefecture-level city.[3]
Administration
[edit]
Ganzhou has jurisdiction over 3 districts, 2 county-level cities, 13 counties:
- District
- Zhanggong District (章贡区)
- Nankang District (南康区)
- Ganxian District (赣县区)
- County-level cities
- Counties
- Yudu County (于都县)
- Xingguo County (兴国县)
- Ningdu County (宁都县)
- Shicheng County (石城县)
- Huichang County (会昌县)
- Xunwu County (寻乌县)
- Anyuan County (安远县)
- Dingnan County (定南县)
- Quannan County (全南县)
- Xinfeng County (信丰县)
- Dayu County (大余县)
- Chongyi County (崇义县)
- Shangyou County (上犹县)
| Map |
|---|
Geography
[edit]
Ganzhou is a large city covering the southern third of Jiangxi, with an area of 39,400 square kilometres (15,200 sq mi). More than 70% of its administrative area is forested, and over 83% is also mountainous. Several of the major tributaries of the Gan River, Ganzhou's namesake, join at a confluence in the center of the city. Bordering prefecture-level cities are:
- Chenzhou – west
Jiangxi:
Climate
[edit]Ganzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) affected by the East Asian monsoon, with long, humid, very hot summers and cool and drier winters with occasional cold snaps. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 8.2 °C (46.8 °F) in January to 29.5 °C (85.1 °F) in July, with an annual average of 19.57 °C (67.2 °F). The average annual precipitation is around 1,450 mm (57 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 20% in March to 62% in July, the city receives 1,778 hours of bright sunshine annually. Winter begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier; spring begins especially gloomy, and from March to June each of the months averages more than 170 mm (6.7 in) of rainfall. After the heavy rains subside in June, summer is especially sunny. Autumn is warm and relatively dry.
| Climate data for Ganzhou (Ganxian District) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.7 (81.9) |
29.5 (85.1) |
32.2 (90.0) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.5 (97.7) |
38.4 (101.1) |
40.0 (104.0) |
41.2 (106.2) |
38.8 (101.8) |
36.6 (97.9) |
32.8 (91.0) |
29.1 (84.4) |
41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.6 (54.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
29.1 (84.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
34.7 (94.5) |
34.1 (93.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
11.0 (51.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.0 (84.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
19.9 (67.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.7 (42.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
7.0 (44.6) |
16.6 (61.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.0 (21.2) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
4.2 (39.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 71.6 (2.82) |
96.2 (3.79) |
173.5 (6.83) |
161.6 (6.36) |
224.5 (8.84) |
205.4 (8.09) |
135.2 (5.32) |
154.3 (6.07) |
75.8 (2.98) |
48.7 (1.92) |
65.6 (2.58) |
50.9 (2.00) |
1,463.3 (57.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.7 | 13.0 | 18.2 | 16.2 | 16.9 | 16.0 | 11.4 | 13.6 | 9.3 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 149.2 |
| Average snowy days | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 2.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76 | 76 | 79 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 69 | 72 | 73 | 70 | 73 | 73 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 82.7 | 84.0 | 79.9 | 114.4 | 139.9 | 162.6 | 253.3 | 223.0 | 175.3 | 168.0 | 139.0 | 124.4 | 1,746.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 25 | 26 | 21 | 30 | 34 | 40 | 61 | 56 | 48 | 47 | 43 | 38 | 39 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7][8] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]Its population was 8,970,014 at the 2020 Chinese census whom 2,588,060 in the built-up (or metro) area made of Zhanggong, Nankang, and Ganxian Districts.
As of 2019, Ganzhou's birth rate is 12.96 per 1,000.[9]
Economy
[edit]As of 2021, Ganzhou's gross domestic product (GDP) totaled ¥416.9 billion, an 9.5% increase from the previous year.[10] Of this, ¥37.632 billion (10.83%) came from the city's primary sector, ¥136.819 billion (39.38%) came from the city's secondary sector, and ¥172.983 billion came (49.79%) from the city's tertiary sector.[10] The city's GDP per capita totaled ¥35,341.74.[10]
As of 2019, the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's urban residents totaled ¥34,826, and the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's rural residents totaled ¥11,941.[11]
In 2011, Ganzhou's gross domestic product totaled ¥133.598 billion.[12]
Tourism
[edit]
Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World"[13][14] as well as the "Tungsten Capital of the World".[15] The world's largest mechanical clock is located in Ganzhou called the Harmony Clock Tower,[16] which was manufactured by UK-based clockmakers Smith of Derby Group. Though encircled by mountain scenery, other notable attractions in Jiangxi are Jingdezhen, Nanchang and Lushan among others. Some of the places of interest in Ganzhou include:
- Mount Jiulian (九连山), Longnan County
- Mei Pass, Dayu County
- Cuiwei Peak (翠微峰), Ningdu County
- Hakka architecture: Some of the most representative Hakka houses include Guanxi Xinwei (关西新围) of Longnan; Yanji Wei (燕翼围), of Yangcun (杨村); Longguang Wei (龙光围) of Taojiang (桃江); and Dongsheng Wei (东生围) of Anyuan, etc.
- Yugu Pavilion, Zhanggong District
- Bajing Pavilion, Zhanggong District
- Dongjin Bridge: Pontoon bridges have been constructed over the Zhang and Gong rivers since the Song dynasty. The Dongjin Bridge is one that can still be seen. It is 400 metres long, made up of wooden planks placed on around 100 wooden boats linked together with iron chains.
- Zao'er Alley (灶儿巷), Zhanggong District: An alley dating to at least the Song dynasty, with a length of 227.3 m (746 ft).[17]
Zhanggong has a city wall dating to the Song dynasty, as well as a number of pavilions and Buddhist and Taoist temples from the Ming and Qing. Altogether there are some 17 National Cultural Relic Protection Units in Ganzhou and 48 Provincial-level Cultural Relic Protection Units.
Media
[edit]Ganzhou Daily covers news about Ganzhou.
Transportation
[edit]Roads and highways
[edit]- China National Highways: G 105, G 206, G 319, G 323.
- Expressways of China: G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway and G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway.
Railway
[edit]
The Beijing-Jiulong Railway goes through Ganzhou from north to south, and it meets the Ganzhou–Longyan Railway (Ganlong line) at East Ganzhou Railway Station in Zhanggong District. Nanchang–Shenzhen high-speed railway is under construction. The Ganzhou–Shenzhen high-speed railway opened on 10 December 2021 and connects Ganzhou with Shenzhen.
Major railway stations in Ganzhou are:
- Ganzhou, Xingguo, Nankang, Xinfeng, Longnan and Dingnan (Beijing-Jiulong Railway)
- Ganxian, Yudu, Huichang, Ruijin (Ganzhou-Longyan Railway)
Air
[edit]
The new Ganzhou Huangjin Airport, located in Nankang, was opened on March 26, 2008. Its name inherited from the old Huangjin Airport in Huangjin Town, Zhanggong District, which was closed since it was too close to the expanding Ganzhou urban area. It has domestic routes to Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Nanchang, Xiamen, Nanjing, Shanghai, Nanning, Chongqing and Beijing.
Notable people
[edit]- Nobel Laureate Gao Xingjian (Nobel Prize for literature in 2000) was born in Ganzhou.
- Artist Hu Zhiying was born November 12, 1959, in Ganzhou.
- Actress Zhu Xijuan was born in Ganzhou.
- Professor Li Peng was born in Ganzhou.
Sister cities
[edit]
McAllen, Texas, United States, since 1994.
Roissy-en-France, Val-d'Oise, France, since 2008.[18]
Freetown, Sierra Leone, since 2008.- Brunswick, Georgia, United States, since 2008.
Phocis, Greece, since 2011.[19]
Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil, since 2013.
Notes
[edit]- ^ "China: Jiāngxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ 国民经济和社会发展（综合） (in Simplified Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r 建置沿革 [Organizational History] (in Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. 2020-11-16. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ "Diocese of Ganzhou". www.ucanews.com. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
- ^ "Chiang Ching-kuo and the Regional Planning of Gannan under the Influence of Soviet Experience (1941-1945)" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-05-13.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
- ^ 人口与民族 [Population and Ethnicity] (in Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. 2020-11-16. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ a b c 国民经济和社会发展（综合） [National Economic and Social Development (Comprehensive)] (in Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. 2020-09-16. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ 国民经济和社会发展（人民生活与社会保障） [National Economic and Social Development (People's Livelihoods and Social Security)] (in Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. 2020-09-16. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ 赣州市2011年全年主要经济指标 [Ganzhou 2011 Primary Economic Index] (in Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. 2012-02-02. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ "世界橙乡"赣州创造脐橙销售奇迹 １１２万吨售空 (in Chinese (China)). Jiangxi Times. 2010-05-25. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ^ "Contest Entry Notice for the Design of the Logo of "Ganzhou-World Capital of the Navel Orange"". Ganzhou Daily. 2010-01-13. Archived from the original on 2010-09-26. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ^ "Ganzhou the world's largest tungsten supplier". China Daily. 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2011-01-13.
- ^ "Ganzhou World's Largest Mechanical Clock". Ganzhou Daily. 2010-07-14. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ^ Jiang, Peiheng (江佩横). 皂儿巷之行(组图)-搜狐新闻. 天津日报 – via Sohu News.
- ^ http://www.aaecf.com/shownew.asp?id=543 Archived 2012-02-16 at the Wayback Machine "Ganzhou and Roissy become sister cities", Association Amitié Euro-Chinoise (Chinese)
- ^ Μνημόνιο Φιλίας και Συνεργασίας μεταξύ της περιφερειακής ενότητας Φωκίδας και της περιοχής Ganzhou της Κίνας. aftodioikisi.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 2012-01-08.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ganzhou.
- Ganzhou, Jiangxi (Chinese) Archived 2010-11-15 at the Wayback Machine
Ganzhou travel guide from Wikivoyage
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
