La Tour d'Argent: Difference between revisions
The landmark Tour d'Argent restaurant's orgins are not disputable, to claim otherwise is to to ignore written history. |
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{{Short description|Parisian restaurant}} |
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[[File:Blick aus Tour d`Argent.JPG|thumb|View from the restaurant of Notre Dame and the Seine]] |
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'''La Tour d'Argent''' ({{IPA|fr|la tuʁ daʁʒɑ̃}}, {{lit|The Silver Tower}}) is a historic restaurant in the [[5th arrondissement of Paris]], France. It is located at 15 Quai de la Tournelle. It has a rating of one star from the ''[[Guide Michelin]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viamichelin.com/web/Restaurant/Paris_05-75005-La_Tour_d_Argent-5908-41102|title=La Tour d'Argent|work=ViaMichelin|access-date=2015-06-10|archive-date=20 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120054635/https://www.viamichelin.com/web/Restaurant/Paris_05-75005-La_Tour_d_Argent-5908-41102|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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== History == |
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'''La Tour d'Argent''' (''The Silver Tower'') is a [[restaurant]] in [[Paris France]] that dates from [[1582]], and said to have been frequented by [[Henry IV of france|Henri IV]]. |
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{{Synthesis|section |date=April 2024}} |
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The restaurant claims that it was founded in 1582, and that it was frequented by [[Henry IV of france|Henri IV]], but offers no documentation to support these or other claims about its history.<ref>{{citation |url=https://tourdargent.com/en/history/|title=Tour d'Argent>Our History |access-date=2024-02-15 }}</ref> The [[Quai de la Tournelle]], where the restaurant stands, was not paved until 1650, before which it was "a slope, often flooded and almost always made inaccessible by mud".<ref>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NfVAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA177 |title=Dictionnaire Historique De La Ville De Paris Et De Ses Environs By Pierre-Thomas-Nicolas Hurtaut |access-date=2013-05-02|last1=Hurtaut |first1=Pierre-Thomas-Nicolas |year=1779 }}</ref> The restaurant today is at the corner of the {{ill|Rue du Cardinal-Lemoine|fr}}, which did not exist until the end of the eighteenth century. |
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The restaurant does not appear in an 1824 list of "The principal restaurants, who are distinguished by the elegance of the decoration of their salons and by the number and the care taken with the dishes found there...".<ref>The restaurants listed are: |
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[[Duck]], especially the [[pressed duck]], is the specialty ([[Canard à la presse, Caneton à la presse, Caneton Tour d'Argent]]). The restaurant has its own farm on which it raises its ducks. Diners ordering the duck receive a [[postcard]] with the [[serial number]] of the duck. The restaurant also has a [[wine]] cellar containing more than 450,000 bottles of wine, costing many millions of dollars. The wine cellar has to be [[guarded]] 24/7. The dining room features an excellent view of the river [[Seine]] and [[Notre Dame de Paris|Notre Dame]]. |
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* Beauvilliers , rue Richelieu, 26. |
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The restaurant is currently owned and operated by the [[Claude Terrail|Terrail]] family. André Terrail is owner and manager, having taken over from his father Claude who died in 2006, at the age of 88. Claude Terrail had been running the restaurant since inheriting it from his own father André in 1947. It has during recent years dropped from its 3-starred top position in the arbiter of fine dining, the [[Guide Michelin]], to 2 stars in 1996, and to a more modest one star in 2006. |
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* Bombarda , rue Rivoli, 10. |
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* Champeaux, rue des Filles Saint-Thomas, 13. |
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* Gonpy , boulevard du Temple , 36. |
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* Hardy, boulevard des Italiens, 12. |
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* Grignon, rue Neuve des-petits-Champs, 4. |
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* Nicolle, boulevard des Italiens, 11. |
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* Rosset, rue de Mondovi, 1, au coin de la rue Rivoli. |
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* Very, Palais-Royal, 83. |
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* Au Cadran bien , boulevard du Temple, 27. |
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* [[Au Rocher de Cancale]], rue Montorgneil, 61. |
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* Les Trois frères provenceaux, Palais-Royal, 98. |
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* Au Veau qui tette, place du Châtelet. |
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http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6381303q/f248.image.r=boulangers.langFR</ref> |
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In 1852, a metals dealer occupied number 15 Quai de la Tournelle, and a hairdresser and wood dealer number 17.<ref>{{citation |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63197984/f216.image.r=%22Tournelle%20%2019%22.langEN |title=Annuaire général du commerce, de l'industrie, de la magistrature et de l'administration: ou almanach des 500.000 adresses de Paris, des départements et des pays étrangers 279, 447, 217 |access-date=2013-10-02}}</ref> |
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[[Baedeker]]'s 1860 guide to Paris describes the establishment's current location as "out of the way", while mentioning a restaurant associated with a low-cost "Hotel of the Tour d'Argent": "Between Notre Dame and the jardin des Plantes, on the Quai de la Tournelle, facing the bridge of this name, there is a little hotel and the restaurant Lecoq; Hôtel de la Tour d'argent, a bit out of the way, it is true, but well kept and cheap (room, 2 francs, beefsteak, 1 franc). Facing a swimming school, which has the advantage of not yet being encumbered and imprisoned by all the filth of Paris."<ref>"Entre Notre-Dame et le jardin des Plantes, au quai de la Tournelle, vis-à-vis du pont de ce nom (pi. H, 7), il y a le petit hôtel et restaurant Lecoq; Hôtel de la Tour d'argent, un peu éloigné, il est vrai, mais bien tenu et bon marché (chambre, 2 fr., beefsteak, 1 fr.). En face d'une école de natation, qui a l'avantage de ne pas être encore encombrée et emprisonnée par toutes les ordures de Paris." {{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQY_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA9 |title=Paris, Guide pratique du voyageur By Karl Baedeker |access-date=2011-05-02|last1=Baedeker |first1=Karl |year=1860 }}</ref> |
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⚫ | The restaurant |
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The restaurant was owned in the 1890s and 1900s by Frédéric Delair, who began the tradition of presenting a numbered certificate to each person who ate the restaurant's signature dish, pressed duck. A dinner was held there for the [[Wright Brothers]] in 1906.<ref>McCullough, David, ''The Wright Brothers'', pg. 148</ref> In 1912, the Terrail family bought the restaurant. It was operated first by André Terrail, then by his son Claude, who died in 2006 at the age of 88, and then by Claude's son André.<ref name="NYT 6 June">{{cite news |first=Frank J. |last=Prial |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/07/world/europe/07terrail.html?ex=1307332800&en=5b6cfa83074578f3&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |title=Claude Terrail, 88, Model of a Restaurateur, Dies |work=The New York Times |date=7 June 2006 |access-date=2009-12-07}}</ref> |
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In 1984, a branch was opened in Tokyo, in the Hotel New Otani.<ref>[https://tourdargent.jp/en/about_us/history/ Tour d'Argent Tokyo - History]</ref> |
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Since 1986, La Tour d'Argent has been a recipient of the ''[[Wine Spectator]]'' Grand Award.<ref>{{cite news |title=La Tour d'Argent |url=http://www.winespectator.com/restaurants/show/source/search/id/75 |work=Wine Spectator |date=1 January 2015 |access-date=2015-08-19}}</ref> |
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Until 1996, the [[Guide Michelin]] awarded the restaurant three stars. The rating was reduced to two stars in 1996, and to one star in 2006.<ref name="NYT 6 June" /> |
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== Specialities == |
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[[File:La Tour d'Argent, Paris La Tour d'Argent (8751666453).jpg|thumb|Canard à la presse]] |
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[[File:La Tour d'Argent card with serial number issued on 22 dec 2017.jpg|thumb|La Tour d'Argent "Your Duck" serial number card issued on 22 December 2017]] |
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[[Duck as food|Duck]], especially the [[pressed duck]], is the speciality (Canard à la presse, Caneton à la presse, Caneton Tour d'Argent, and recently renamed “Caneton de Frédéric Delair”).<ref>[https://www.winespectator.com/articles/restaurant-talk-andre-terrail-tour-argent] Tour d'Argent signature dish name change</ref> The restaurant raises its ducks on its own farm. Diners who order the duck receive a [[postcard]] with the bird's [[serial number]], now well over 1 million.<ref>{{cite news |first=Frank J. |last=Prial |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/14/dining/14tour.html?_r=2&8dpc&oref=slogin |title=Paris Landmark Has Much Experience in Carrying On |work=The New York Times |date=14 June 2006 |access-date=2009-12-07}}</ref> (Serial number #112,151 went to U.S. President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], #203,728 went to [[Marlene Dietrich]], and #253,652 went to [[Charlie Chaplin]]).<ref>[http://waterfallfacts.blogspot.com/ http://waterfallfacts.blogspot.com/]</ref> |
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The restaurant's [[wine cellar]], guarded around the clock{{fact|date=February 2024}}, contains more than 450,000 bottles whose value was estimated in 2009 at 25 million [[euro]]s (£22.5 million). Some 15,000 wines are offered to diners on a 400-page list.<ref name="BBC 9 Dec">{{cite news |title=Paris restaurant auctions wine from famed cellar |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8398879.stm |work=BBC News |date=7 December 2009 |access-date=2009-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Henry |last=Samuel |title=Tour d'Argent holds one of France's largest ever wine auctions |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/6743148/Tour-dArgent-holds-one-of-Frances-largest-ever-wine-auctions.html |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=7 December 2009 |access-date=2009-12-07 |location=London}}</ref> During a routine [[inventory control]] in 2024, wine worth more than €1.5m was found to be missing from the wine cellar.<ref name="Ruth Comerford">{{cite news |last1=Comerford |first1=Ruth |title=Paris' 'Ratatouille restaurant' loses £1.3m-worth of wine |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68130127 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=January 30, 2024}}</ref> |
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The dining room has an excellent view of the river [[Seine]] and [[Notre Dame de Paris|Notre Dame]]. |
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== Cultural references == |
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In ''[[Accidental Agent, A thrilling account of underground warfare in France]]'', [[John G. Goldsmith|John Goldsmith]], agent of the British Special Operations Executive, tells how after escaping his German SS captors at Hotel Continentale in the Rue de Rivoli, he was hidden in an upper-floor flat in the Tour d'Argent building that was occupied by Rumanian actress Madame Tantzy.<ref>{{cite book|author=John Goldsmith|title=Accidental Agent, A thrilling account of underground warfare in France|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons, NewYork|year=1971|page=113}}</ref> |
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In ''[[A Moveable Feast]]'', [[Ernest Hemingway]] says that the Tour d'Argent rented some rooms and gave its lodgers discounts on the meals; also that a valet there used to sell English books left by the tenants.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOFSAgAAQBAJ&q=inauthor%3Ahemingway%20intitle%3Afeast%20argent&pg=PT47|title=Moveable Feast: The Restored Edition|last=Hemingway|first=Ernest|date=2014|publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9781476770420|orig-year=1964|access-date=2015-06-27}}</ref> |
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[[Marcel Proust]] mentions the restaurant three times in his novel ''À la recherche du temps perdu'' (''[[In Search of Lost Time]]''). For example, the haughty Mme Verdurin sniffs "The Tour d'Argent is not nearly as good as they make out".<ref name=proust>{{cite book|author=Proust|title=In Search of Lost Time, Vol. IV, Sodom and Gomorrah|translator1=Moncrieff|translator2=Kilmartin|publisher=Random House|year=2003|page=448}}</ref> |
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In a scene in the 1960 novel ''[[The Centurions (Lartéguy novel)|The Centurions]]'' where French prisoners of war are discussing the kinds of meals and cars they plan to buy with their backpay, an officer named Captain Verdier mentions that [[Lapérouse (restaurant)|Lapérouse]] has been surpassed by Tour d'Argent in quality, a fact that he finds "most annoying".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lartéguy |first1=Jean |translator-last1=Fielding |translator-first1=Xan |title=Les Centurions |trans-title=The Centurions |date=1960 |publisher=E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc. |location=New York |page=129}}</ref> |
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⚫ | The restaurant inspired scenes in the 2007 [[Pixar]] movie ''[[Ratatouille (film)|Ratatouille]],'' and received an "unexpected boost" from the film.<ref name=economist>{{cite news|title=Travel spotlight |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/cities/briefing.cfm?city_id=PAR |access-date=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629191551/http://www.economist.com/cities/briefing.cfm?city_id=PAR |archive-date=2007-06-29 }}</ref> |
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Four episodes of [[Fuji TV]]'s ''[[Iron Chef]]'' had chefs from the Paris and Tokyo branches as challengers. From the Paris branch, Bernard Leprince faced Iron Chef Japanese [[Komei Nakamura]] twice, with either chef winning once (Leprince won the initial meeting on the French Special at [[Chateau de Brissac]] with salmon as the theme, while Nakamura won the rematch in Tokyo with duck as the theme). Meanwhile, from the Tokyo branch, Tadaaki Shimizu bested Iron Chef French [[Hiroyuki Sakai]] with lobster as the theme, while Dominique Corby was the 300th challenger and battled Iron Chef Chinese [[Chen Kenichi]] to a draw with foie gras as the regulation theme and asparagus as the overtime theme. |
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One episode of ''Root into Europe'' (British comedy starring George Cole) was filmed in the hotel, and the duck being pressed is shown and served to the actors. Claude Terrail appeared as himself. |
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The restaurant was visited in the Paris episode of ''Remarkable Places to Eat'' (presented by [[Fred Sirieix]], with [[Michel Roux Jr.]] as the guide), featuring the duck being pressed at their table, and a visit to the wine cellar.<ref name=RemarkablePlacesToEat>{{cite news|title=Remarkable Places to Eat|work=BBC Two|access-date=2019-08-01|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p07g3dfz}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[List of oldest companies]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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*[http://www.tourdargent.com/ La Tour d'Argent official homepage] |
*[http://www.tourdargent.com/ La Tour d'Argent official homepage] |
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*[http://fxcuisine.com/default.asp?Display=13 Step-by-step illustrated pressed duck at La Tour d'Argent] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110711062135/http://fxcuisine.com/default.asp?Display=13 Step-by-step illustrated pressed duck at La Tour d'Argent] |
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*[http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/118/article_5530.asp Tour d'argent in million-euro wine sale, Radio France Internationale in English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824003408/http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/118/article_5530.asp |date=24 August 2019 }} |
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*[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/14/dining/14tour.html?_r=1&8dpc&oref=slogin from NY Times: A Paris Landmark] |
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*[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/07/world/europe/07terrail.html?ex=1307332800&en=5b6cfa83074578f3&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Claude Terrail, 88, Model of a Restaurateur, Dies] |
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{{coord|48|50|59.58|N|2|21|17.60|E|region:FR_type:landmark|display=title}} |
{{coord|48|50|59.58|N|2|21|17.60|E|region:FR_type:landmark|display=title}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Restaurants in Paris}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tour d'Argent, la}} |
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[[Category:Restaurants in Paris]] |
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[[de:Tour d’Argent]] |
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[[fr:La Tour d'Argent]] |
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[[he:לה טור דארז'אן]] |
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[[ja:トゥール・ダルジャン]] |
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[[pt:La Tour d'Argent]] |
Latest revision as of 01:03, 4 December 2024
La Tour d'Argent (French pronunciation: [la tuʁ daʁʒɑ̃], lit. 'The Silver Tower') is a historic restaurant in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is located at 15 Quai de la Tournelle. It has a rating of one star from the Guide Michelin.[1]
History
[edit]This section possibly contains synthesis of material that does not verifiably mention or relate to the main topic. (April 2024) |
The restaurant claims that it was founded in 1582, and that it was frequented by Henri IV, but offers no documentation to support these or other claims about its history.[2] The Quai de la Tournelle, where the restaurant stands, was not paved until 1650, before which it was "a slope, often flooded and almost always made inaccessible by mud".[3] The restaurant today is at the corner of the Rue du Cardinal-Lemoine , which did not exist until the end of the eighteenth century.
The restaurant does not appear in an 1824 list of "The principal restaurants, who are distinguished by the elegance of the decoration of their salons and by the number and the care taken with the dishes found there...".[4] In 1852, a metals dealer occupied number 15 Quai de la Tournelle, and a hairdresser and wood dealer number 17.[5]
Baedeker's 1860 guide to Paris describes the establishment's current location as "out of the way", while mentioning a restaurant associated with a low-cost "Hotel of the Tour d'Argent": "Between Notre Dame and the jardin des Plantes, on the Quai de la Tournelle, facing the bridge of this name, there is a little hotel and the restaurant Lecoq; Hôtel de la Tour d'argent, a bit out of the way, it is true, but well kept and cheap (room, 2 francs, beefsteak, 1 franc). Facing a swimming school, which has the advantage of not yet being encumbered and imprisoned by all the filth of Paris."[6]
The restaurant was owned in the 1890s and 1900s by Frédéric Delair, who began the tradition of presenting a numbered certificate to each person who ate the restaurant's signature dish, pressed duck. A dinner was held there for the Wright Brothers in 1906.[7] In 1912, the Terrail family bought the restaurant. It was operated first by André Terrail, then by his son Claude, who died in 2006 at the age of 88, and then by Claude's son André.[8]
In 1984, a branch was opened in Tokyo, in the Hotel New Otani.[9]
Since 1986, La Tour d'Argent has been a recipient of the Wine Spectator Grand Award.[10]
Until 1996, the Guide Michelin awarded the restaurant three stars. The rating was reduced to two stars in 1996, and to one star in 2006.[8]
Specialities
[edit]Duck, especially the pressed duck, is the speciality (Canard à la presse, Caneton à la presse, Caneton Tour d'Argent, and recently renamed “Caneton de Frédéric Delair”).[11] The restaurant raises its ducks on its own farm. Diners who order the duck receive a postcard with the bird's serial number, now well over 1 million.[12] (Serial number #112,151 went to U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, #203,728 went to Marlene Dietrich, and #253,652 went to Charlie Chaplin).[13]
The restaurant's wine cellar, guarded around the clock[citation needed], contains more than 450,000 bottles whose value was estimated in 2009 at 25 million euros (£22.5 million). Some 15,000 wines are offered to diners on a 400-page list.[14][15] During a routine inventory control in 2024, wine worth more than €1.5m was found to be missing from the wine cellar.[16]
The dining room has an excellent view of the river Seine and Notre Dame.
Cultural references
[edit]In Accidental Agent, A thrilling account of underground warfare in France, John Goldsmith, agent of the British Special Operations Executive, tells how after escaping his German SS captors at Hotel Continentale in the Rue de Rivoli, he was hidden in an upper-floor flat in the Tour d'Argent building that was occupied by Rumanian actress Madame Tantzy.[17]
In A Moveable Feast, Ernest Hemingway says that the Tour d'Argent rented some rooms and gave its lodgers discounts on the meals; also that a valet there used to sell English books left by the tenants.[18]
Marcel Proust mentions the restaurant three times in his novel À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time). For example, the haughty Mme Verdurin sniffs "The Tour d'Argent is not nearly as good as they make out".[19]
In a scene in the 1960 novel The Centurions where French prisoners of war are discussing the kinds of meals and cars they plan to buy with their backpay, an officer named Captain Verdier mentions that Lapérouse has been surpassed by Tour d'Argent in quality, a fact that he finds "most annoying".[20]
The restaurant inspired scenes in the 2007 Pixar movie Ratatouille, and received an "unexpected boost" from the film.[21]
Four episodes of Fuji TV's Iron Chef had chefs from the Paris and Tokyo branches as challengers. From the Paris branch, Bernard Leprince faced Iron Chef Japanese Komei Nakamura twice, with either chef winning once (Leprince won the initial meeting on the French Special at Chateau de Brissac with salmon as the theme, while Nakamura won the rematch in Tokyo with duck as the theme). Meanwhile, from the Tokyo branch, Tadaaki Shimizu bested Iron Chef French Hiroyuki Sakai with lobster as the theme, while Dominique Corby was the 300th challenger and battled Iron Chef Chinese Chen Kenichi to a draw with foie gras as the regulation theme and asparagus as the overtime theme.
One episode of Root into Europe (British comedy starring George Cole) was filmed in the hotel, and the duck being pressed is shown and served to the actors. Claude Terrail appeared as himself.
The restaurant was visited in the Paris episode of Remarkable Places to Eat (presented by Fred Sirieix, with Michel Roux Jr. as the guide), featuring the duck being pressed at their table, and a visit to the wine cellar.[22]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "La Tour d'Argent". ViaMichelin. Archived from the original on 20 November 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
- ^ Tour d'Argent>Our History, retrieved 15 February 2024
- ^ Hurtaut, Pierre-Thomas-Nicolas (1779), Dictionnaire Historique De La Ville De Paris Et De Ses Environs By Pierre-Thomas-Nicolas Hurtaut, retrieved 2 May 2013
- ^ The restaurants listed are:
- Beauvilliers , rue Richelieu, 26.
- Bombarda , rue Rivoli, 10.
- Champeaux, rue des Filles Saint-Thomas, 13.
- Gonpy , boulevard du Temple , 36.
- Hardy, boulevard des Italiens, 12.
- Grignon, rue Neuve des-petits-Champs, 4.
- Nicolle, boulevard des Italiens, 11.
- Rosset, rue de Mondovi, 1, au coin de la rue Rivoli.
- Very, Palais-Royal, 83.
- Au Cadran bien , boulevard du Temple, 27.
- Au Rocher de Cancale, rue Montorgneil, 61.
- Les Trois frères provenceaux, Palais-Royal, 98.
- Au Veau qui tette, place du Châtelet.
- ^ Annuaire général du commerce, de l'industrie, de la magistrature et de l'administration: ou almanach des 500.000 adresses de Paris, des départements et des pays étrangers 279, 447, 217, retrieved 2 October 2013
- ^ "Entre Notre-Dame et le jardin des Plantes, au quai de la Tournelle, vis-à-vis du pont de ce nom (pi. H, 7), il y a le petit hôtel et restaurant Lecoq; Hôtel de la Tour d'argent, un peu éloigné, il est vrai, mais bien tenu et bon marché (chambre, 2 fr., beefsteak, 1 fr.). En face d'une école de natation, qui a l'avantage de ne pas être encore encombrée et emprisonnée par toutes les ordures de Paris." Baedeker, Karl (1860), Paris, Guide pratique du voyageur By Karl Baedeker, retrieved 2 May 2011
- ^ McCullough, David, The Wright Brothers, pg. 148
- ^ a b Prial, Frank J. (7 June 2006). "Claude Terrail, 88, Model of a Restaurateur, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
- ^ Tour d'Argent Tokyo - History
- ^ "La Tour d'Argent". Wine Spectator. 1 January 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ [1] Tour d'Argent signature dish name change
- ^ Prial, Frank J. (14 June 2006). "Paris Landmark Has Much Experience in Carrying On". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
- ^ http://waterfallfacts.blogspot.com/
- ^ "Paris restaurant auctions wine from famed cellar". BBC News. 7 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
- ^ Samuel, Henry (7 December 2009). "Tour d'Argent holds one of France's largest ever wine auctions". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
- ^ Comerford, Ruth (30 January 2024). "Paris' 'Ratatouille restaurant' loses £1.3m-worth of wine". BBC News. BBC.
- ^ John Goldsmith (1971). Accidental Agent, A thrilling account of underground warfare in France. Charles Scribner's Sons, NewYork. p. 113.
- ^ Hemingway, Ernest (2014) [1964]. Moveable Feast: The Restored Edition. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781476770420. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- ^ Proust (2003). In Search of Lost Time, Vol. IV, Sodom and Gomorrah. Translated by Moncrieff; Kilmartin. Random House. p. 448.
- ^ Lartéguy, Jean (1960). Les Centurions [The Centurions]. Translated by Fielding, Xan. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc. p. 129.
- ^ "Travel spotlight". The Economist. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
- ^ "Remarkable Places to Eat". BBC Two. Retrieved 1 August 2019.