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'''Kevin J. Tracey''' (b. 10 December 1957, [[Fort Wayne, IN]], USA) is Director of The [[Feinstein Institute for Medical Research]] and Professor and President of the Elmezzi Graduate School of [[Molecular Medicine]] in Manhasset, NY. Although trained as a [[neurosurgeon]], he is an [[Immunology|immunologist]] known for his physiological and molecular studies of [[inflammation]] and disease and, in particular, for investigating how the nervous system controls the responses of the [[immune system]] to a threat. |
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{{Infobox scientist |
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| name = Kevin J. Tracey |
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| image = Kevin J. Tracey Headshot.jpg |
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| image_size = |
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| caption = Tracey in 2019 |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1957|12|10}} |
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| birth_place = [[Fort Wayne, Indiana]] |
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| death_date = |
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| death_place = |
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| resting_place = |
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| resting_place_coordinates = |
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| residence = |
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| fields = [[Neurosurgery]], [[immunology]] |
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| known_for = Bioelectronic Medicine |
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| alma_mater = [[Boston University]] |
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| workplaces = [[Feinstein Institute for Medical Research]] |
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| website = {{URL|https://feinstein.northwell.edu/institutes-researchers/our-researchers/kevin-j-tracey-md}} |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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'''Kevin J. Tracey''', a neurosurgeon and inventor, is the president and CEO of the [[Feinstein Institute for Medical Research]], [[professor]] of neurosurgery and molecular medicine at the [[Zucker School of Medicine]], and president of the [[Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine]]<ref name="Elmezzi Graduate School">{{cite web |url=https://www.northwell.edu/elmezzi-graduate-school-of-molecular-medicine |title=Elmezzi Graduate School|date=23 May 2024 }}</ref> in [[Manhasset, New York|Manhasset]], New York. The Public Library of Science Magazine, PLOS Biology, recognized Tracey in 2019 as one of the most cited researchers in the world.<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/btchxktzyw/1 |title=Supplementary data tables for "A standardized citation metrics author database annotated for scientific field" (PLoS Biology 2019) |year=2019 |publisher= Mendeley|doi=10.17632/btchxktzyw.1 |access-date=29 September 2019|last1=Baas |first1=Jeroen |last2=Klavans |first2=Richard |last3=Boyack |first3=Kevin |last4=Ioannidis |first4=John P. A. |chapter=Bibliometrics |volume=1 }}</ref> |
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== Early life == |
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==Principle scientific contributions== |
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Tracey was born in [[Fort Wayne, Indiana]] on 10 December 1957. He received his B.S. in chemistry from [[Boston College]] in 1979 and his M.D. from [[Boston University]] in 1983. From 1983 to 1992 he trained in [[neurosurgery]] at the [[New York Hospital]]/[[Cornell University]]<ref name="Cornell Neurological Surgery Alumni">{{cite web |url=http://www.cornellneurosurgery.org/education/alu.html |title=Cornell Neurological Surgery Alumni|date=23 January 2013}}</ref> with Russel Patterson. During this time he was also a guest investigator at [[Rockefeller University]].<ref name="Lecturer Will Discuss Replacing Drugs with Electronic Devices">{{cite journal |url=https://www.kidneynews.org/view/journals/kidney-news/8/10/11/article-p31_21.xml|date=October 2016 |title=Lecturer Will Discuss Replacing Drugs with Electronic Devices |journal=Kidney News |volume=8 |issue=10/11 |pages=31 }}</ref> |
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== Academic appointments == |
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Tracey is widely known for his contributions that revealed the molecular basis of inflammation, and for discovering how immunity is controlled by neural reflexes. His 1986 paper in ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' <ref>Science 24;234(4775):470-4.</ref> described the direct inflammatory activities of TNF, and his 1987 paper in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' <ref>Nature 23;330(6149):662-4.</ref> showed that monoclonal antibodies against TNF can be used therapeutically to prevent inflammation and tissue injury. He continued to search for other molecules that could be therapeutically targeted, and in 1999 his team reported in ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' <ref>Science 285(5425):248-51.</ref> the discovery that [[HMGB1]], a protein previously known only as a transcription factor is an inflammatory mediator and drug target. HMGB1 is a mediator of infection-associated and sterile damage, which signals via TLRs to cause inflammation ''[[Nat Rev Immunol (journal)|Nat Rev Immunol]]'' <ref>Nat Rev Immunol 5;(4):331-42.</ref>. He is also known for his studies that applied neuroscience to immunology, leading to the discovery that immunity is controlled by neural reflexes which function by mechanisms that are analogous to the control of blood pressure and heart rate. His papers in Nature revealed that the vagus nerve regulates innate immunity through a molecular mechanism of signal transduction through the nicotininc alpha 7 acetylcholine receptor, which is expressed on innate and adpative immune cells to control the response to invasion ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' <ref>Nature 421;(6921):384-8.</ref> ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' <ref>Nature 420;(6917):853-9.</ref> ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' <ref>Nature 405;(6785):458-62.</ref>. This indicates that the immune system can no longer be regarded as autonomous, but rather its output is coordinated by physiological units of reflex action ''[[Nat Rev Immunol (journal)|Nat Rev Immunol]]'' <ref>Nat Rev Immunol 9(6):418-28.</ref>. |
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In 1992, Tracey moved to [[Northwell Health]],<ref name="Boston College Magazine">{{cite web |url=http://bcm.bc.edu/issues/winter_2016/features/the-generator.html |title=The Generator by Emily Anthes}}</ref> in Manhasset, New York, where he practiced neurosurgery and established the Laboratory of Biomedical Science (now the Center for Biomedical Science). In 2005 he was appointed president and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of the [[Feinstein Institute for Medical Research]], and professor at and president of the Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine (Manhasset, New York).<ref name="Elmezzi Graduate School"/> |
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== Research == |
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Tracey studies [[inflammation]]; he turned to immunological research and inflammation after training as a neurosurgeon, due to his puzzlement over what happened to an 11-month-old girl in his care who died of [[sepsis]].<ref name=Findings2010>{{cite news |last1=Carlson |first1=Emily |title=Up Close With: Kevin Tracey |url=https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/findings/Documents/FindingsMagazine-2010September.pdf#page=14 |work=Findings |publisher=Office of Communications and Public Liaison National Institute of General Medical Sciences |date=September 2010 |pages=9–16}}</ref> Training as both a neurosurgeon and immunologist merged in discovery of the mechanism by which neurons control the immune system.<ref>{{Cite journal |pmc = 4535331|year = 2009|last1 = Tracey|first1 = K. J.|title = Reflex control of immunity|journal = Nature Reviews. Immunology|volume = 9|issue = 6|pages = 418–428|pmid = 19461672|doi = 10.1038/nri2566}}</ref> |
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In the early 1980s, Tracey and colleagues described the inflammatory activity of [[TNF]] and other [[cytokine]]s as a cytokine capable of causing shock and tissue injury.<ref name="Science 1986">{{cite journal |last1=Tracey |first1=Kevin |title=Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.3764421 |journal=Science |date=24 October 1986 |volume=234 |issue=4775 |pages=470–474 |doi=10.1126/science.3764421 |pmid=3764421 |bibcode=1986Sci...234..470T |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> Because excessive TNF production damages tissues in the body, it was the basis for the discovery and development of [[disease-modifying antirheumatic drug]]s for arthritis and [[inflammatory bowel disease]].<ref name=Findings2010/> A subsequently expanding field of research confirmed that TNF is a mediator of septic shock, but not sepsis. This prompted Tracey to search for other mediators of sepsis, culminating in 1999 by discovering high mobility group box 1 ([[HMGB1]]), a protein previously known as a DNA-binding transcription factor, is an inflammatory mediator.<ref name="JongRohDong">{{cite journal |last1=Jong |first1=Roh |last2=Dong |first2=Sohn |title=Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Inflammatory Diseases |journal=Immune Network |date=13 August 2018 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=e27 |doi=10.4110/in.2018.18.e27 |pmid=30181915 |pmc=6117512 }}</ref> The discovery of HMGB1 as a damaged associated molecular pattern (DAMP) offered a mechanism for how sterile injury, which causes HMGB1 release, causes inflammation even in the absence of infection.<ref name="JongRohDong" /> |
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==Career== |
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In the 1990s an accidental result in the Tracey lab led to a discovery of how the brain normally inhibits the production of TNF.<ref name=Findings2010/> They had developed an anti-inflammatory named CNI-1493, or [[semapimod]].<ref name=Findings2010/> Unexpectedly, the CNI-1493 stimulated the vagus nerve to inhibit TNF production in the body.<ref name=Findings2010/> This discovery that the [[vagus nerve]] controls the immune system led him to study the effects of stimulating the vagus nerve with electrodes to alleviate inflammation, called "the inflammatory reflex".<ref name=Fox2017>{{cite journal |last1=Fox |first1=D |title=The shock tactics set to shake up immunology. |journal=Nature |date=3 May 2017 |volume=545 |issue=7652 |pages=20–22 |doi=10.1038/545020a |pmid=28470211|bibcode=2017Natur.545...20F |s2cid=4385501 |doi-access=free }} {{open access}}</ref><ref name="Can the Nervous System Be Hacked">{{cite news |last1=Behar |first1=Michael |title=Can the Nervous System Be Hacked? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/25/magazine/can-the-nervous-system-be-hacked.html |work=The New York Times |date=23 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="WSJ 2022">{{cite news |last1=Finley |first1=Allysia |title=Electricity Is the New Medical Miracle |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/electricity-is-the-new-medical-miracle-crohn-vagus-nerve-biotech-startup-trial-remission-treatment-11658512502 |website=The Wall Street Journal |date=22 July 2022 |access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref> |
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Tracey received his B.S. (Chemistry) from [[Boston College]] in 1979 and his M.D. from [[Boston University]] in 1983. From 1983 to 1992 he trained as a neurosurgeon at the [[New York Hospital]]/Cornell University Medical Center and was a guest investigator at [[Rockefeller University]], working in the laboratory of [[Anthony Cerami]]. In 1992, Tracey moved to [[North Shore University Hospital]], where he practiced neurosurgery while building the research program. In 2001, he was appointed the founding program director for the General Clinical Research Center<ref name="gcrc">[http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=7432915&p_grant_num=2M01RR018535-06&p_query=&ticket=82104007&p_audit_session_id=384683591&p_keywords=]</ref>, which received designation from the [[National Center for Research Resources]] (NCRR) of the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH). In 2005, Tracey was appointed Director of The [[Feinstein Institute for Medical Research]]. |
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In 2007 he co-founded a company called SetPoint Medical which aimed to develop [[vagus nerve stimulation]] devices to treat autoimmune diseases.<ref name=Fox2017/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Garde|first1=Damien|title=SetPoint Medical – 2013 Fierce 15|url=https://www.fiercebiotech.com/special-report/setpoint-medical-2013-fierce-15|work=FierceBiotech|date=2013|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Can the Nervous System Be Hacked"/> The company started clinical trials in 2011, and in 2016 published results for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis.<ref name=Fox2017/> Vagus nerve stimulation has successfully blocked inflammation in clinical trials of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.<ref name="Spectrum IEEE">{{cite web |last1=Waltz |first1=Emily |title=Battling Crohn's Disease with Vagus Nerve Stimulation |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/vagus-nerve-stimulation-takes-on-crohns-disease |website=Spectrum IEEE |date=14 June 2018 |access-date=23 February 2021}}</ref> |
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==Awards and honors== |
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The Tracey lab mapped the inflammatory reflex using genetic, immunological, and bioelectronic tools to define the molecular and neuroscience mechanisms.<ref name="JongRohDong" /> An unexpected finding from this work is the vagus nerve, a [[Parasympathetic nervous system|parasympathetic nerve]], controls the splenic nerve, a [[Sympathetic nervous system|sympathetic nerve]].<ref name="Ballina Rosas" /> Additionally in 2011, Tracey and colleagues discovered a memory T cell subset that secretes acetylcholine in the [[spleen]] when activated by signals arising in the vagus nerve, named "T ChAt" cells.<ref name="Ballina Rosas">Rosas-Ballina, M., et al. "Acetylcholine-Synthesizing T Cells Relay Neural Signals in a Vagus Nerve Circuit". Science, vol. 334, no. 6052, 2011, pp. 98–101., doi:10.1126/science.1209985.</ref> These regulatory T cells produce acetylcholine, the chemical signal to macrophages which turns off production of TNF and other inflammatory mediators.<ref name="Ballina Rosas" /> |
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In 2009, Tracey received an honorary doctoral degree from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. He was elected as a member of the Association of American Physicians in 2009. In 2007, he delivered the DeWitt Stetten lectureship from The National Institutes of Health, and the Annual Clinical Science Lectureship in 2002 from the [[Karolinska Institute]]. Other notable honors include invited lectureships at [[Harvard]], [[Yale]], The Rockefeller University, The Scripps Institute and the University of Texas Southwestern. He co-chaired the first international scientific congress addressing "The Inflammatory Reflex", a Nobel Symposium <ref>[http://www.ki.se/info/vp/vp30-04.html vp30<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> in 2004 of the Karolinska Institute and co-chaired the "First HMGB1 Cytokine World Congress" in 2003 in Saltsjobaden, Sweden. Tracey is Editor in Chief of [[Molecular Medicine (journal)|Molecular Medicine]], and Advisory Editor of the [[Journal of Experimental Medicine]]. The [[Institute for Scientific Information]] named him a "Highly Cited Researcher in Immunology", placing him in the top 0.5% of all publishing immunologists{{fact}}. Tracey is an elected member of the [[American Society of Clinical Investigation]] (2001). |
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In May 2018, Tracey's team was first to decode specific signals that the nervous system uses to communicate immune status and alert the brain to inflammation. Identifying these neural signals and what they're communicating about the body's health provides insight into diagnostic and therapeutic targets, and device development.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holme |first1=Frida |title=Scientists Wants to Decode Body-Brain Nerve Signals to Diagnose Illness|url=http://www.frontlinegenomics.com/news/22726/scientists-are-bound-on-decoding-body-brain-nerve-signals-to-diagnose-illness/|work=Frontline Genomics |date=May 2018}}</ref> In February 2019, Tracey along with a team led by [[Tak Mak]], PhD, and Maureen Cox, PhD, reported that T ChAt regulate the development of immunity during virus infections.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zeller |first1=Gregory |title=Tracey, Global Team Unearth New Bioelectronic Clue|url=http://www.innovateli.com/tracey-global-team-unearth-new-bioelectronic-clue/|work=InnovateLI |date=February 2019}}</ref> |
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He wrote a book ''Fatal Sequence: The Killer Within'', published by the Dana Press in 2005. In it, he recounts the hospital course of a young patient with sepsis who changed his life, and the series of remarkable events that shaped his research. |
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In November 2020, they reported that neurons in the brainstem dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) of the vagus nerve transmit signals to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglia in the abdomen. This experiment combined optogenetics, anatomical and functional mapping, and measurement of TNF production to show for the first time that parasympathetic vagus neurons control sympathetic splenic neurons, because the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems were believed to be independent.<ref name="PMN 2020">{{cite web |title=Researchers Discover Possible Pathway of Vagus Nerve's Inflammatory Response |url=https://www.painmedicinenews.com/Online-First/Article/11-20/Researchers-Discover-Possible-Pathway-of-Vagus-Nerve-s-Inflammatory-Response/61148 |website=Pain Medicine News |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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== Awards and honors == |
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* [http://www.dana.org/news/danapressbooks/detail.aspx?id=3388 Fatal Sequence: The Killer Within] |
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*Hans Wigzell Research Foundation's Science Prize, [https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20231102553265/en/Feinstein-Institutes%E2%80%99-Dr.-Kevin-J.-Tracey-receives-2023-Hans-Wigzell-Research-Foundations-Science-Prize 2023] |
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*Crain's Business New York "Most Notable Leaders in Healthcare, [https://www.crainsnewyork.com/awards/kevin-j-tracey-notable-leaders-health-care-2023 2023] |
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*Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, 2020<ref name="AIMBE">{{cite web |title=AIMBE College of Fellows Class of 2020 |url=https://aimbe.org/college-of-fellows/cof-5126/ |website=AIMBE |publisher=American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> |
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* Harvey Lecture Series, [http://www.harveysociety.org/The Harvey Society], 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.harveysociety.org/lectures/?series=113 |title=The Harvey Society: Lecture Series |publisher=The Harvey Society|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* Fellow, [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]], 2015 |
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* Grenvik lectureship, University of Pittsburgh, 2013<ref name="Grenvik lectureship">{{cite web |url=https://www.ccm.pitt.edu/grenvik-lecture |title=Grenvik lectureship}}</ref> |
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* Member, [https://aap-online.org/ Association of American Physicians], 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aap-online.org/ |title=The Association of American Physicians |publisher=The Association of American Physicians|access-date=12 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* Nancy Bucher lecture, Boston University School of Medicine, 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm-pathology/home/seminar-list/the-nancy-l-r-bucher-seminar-series/ |title=The Nancy L. R. Bucher Seminar Series |publisher=Boston University School of Medicine|access-date=12 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* Honorary doctorate from the [[Karolinska Institute]], 2009<ref>{{cite web|author=Maria Sjögren |url=http://ki.se/ki/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=3319&a=83880&l=en |title=Honorary doctors at Karolinska Institutet 2009 – Prizes and Awards – Karolinska Institutet |publisher=Ki.se |access-date=7 February 2013}}</ref> |
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* Highly Cited Researcher in Immunology.<ref name="ISI Highly Cited Researcher">{{cite web |url=http://isihighlycited.com |title=ISI Highly Cited Researchers}}</ref> |
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* DeWitt Stetten Jr. lectureship, National Institute of Health, 2007<ref>{{cite web |title=2007 Stetten Lecture – Physiology and Immunology of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway |url=https://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/meetings/pages/Stetten_2007.aspx |website=NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences |access-date=8 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* Member, [https://www.the-asci.org/ American Society of Clinical Investigation], 2001<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-asci.org/controllers/asci/AsciProfileController.php?pid=500224 |title=Member Directory |publisher=The American Society of Clinical Investigation|access-date=12 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* Recognized as one of the most cited researchers, listed among the top 1,000 worldwide, ''PLOS Biology'', [https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/ The Public Library of Science Magazine]<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/btchxktzyw/1 |title=Supplementary data tables for "A standardized citation metrics author database annotated for scientific field" (PLoS Biology 2019) |year=2019 |publisher=Mendeley|doi=10.17632/btchxktzyw.1 |access-date=29 September 2019|last1=Baas |first1=Jeroen |last2=Klavans |first2=Richard |last3=Boyack |first3=Kevin |last4=Ioannidis |first4=John P. A. |chapter=Bibliometrics |volume=1 }}</ref> |
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==Select publications== |
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==More Key Publications== |
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{{Incomplete list|date=March 2022}} |
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{| class=wikitable |
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!Year |
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!Title<ref name="Tracey KJ PubMed Publications">{{cite web |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tracey+KJ&cauthor_id=12490958 |title=Tracey KJ PubMed Publications|access-date=November 2, 2021}}</ref> |
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!Publication |
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!Author(s) |
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!Volume/Issue Citation |
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|- |
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|2022 |
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|Identification of a brainstem locus that inhibits tumor necrosis factor |
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|''PNAS'' |
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|Kressel AM, Tsaava T, Levine YA, Chang EH, Addorisio ME, Chang Q, Burbach BJ, Carnevale D, Lembo G, Zador AM, Andersson U, Pavlov VA, Chavan SS, Tracey KJ |
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|10.1073/pnas.2008213117 |
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|- |
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|2016 |
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|Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis |
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|''PNAS'' |
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|Koopman FA, Chavan SS, Miljko S, Grazio S, Sokolovic S, Schuurman PR, Mehta AD, Levine YA, Faltys M, Zitnik R, Tracey KJ, Tak PP |
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|10.1073/pnas.1605635113 |
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|- |
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|2011 |
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|Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit |
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|''Science'' |
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|Rosas-Ballina M, Olofsson PS, Ochani M, Valdés-Ferrer SI, Levine YA, Reardon C, Tusche MW, Pavlov VA, Andersson U, Chavan S, Mak TW, Tracey KJ |
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|10.1126/science.1209985 |
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|- |
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|2003 |
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|Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation |
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|''Nature'' |
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|Wang H, Yu M, Ochani M, Amella CA, Tanovic M, Susarla S, Li JH, Wang H, Yang H, Ulloa L, Al-Abed Y, Czura CJ, Tracey KJ |
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|10.1038/nature01339 |
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|- |
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|2002 |
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|The inflammatory reflex |
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|''Nature'' |
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|Tracey KJ |
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|10.1038/nature01321 |
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|- |
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|2000 |
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|Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin |
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|''Nature'' |
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|Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, Yang H, Botchkina GI, Watkins LR, Wang H, Abumrad N, Eaton JW, Tracey KJ |
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|10.1038/35013070 |
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|- |
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|1999 |
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|HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice |
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|''Science'' |
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|Wang H, Bloom O, Zhang M, Vishnubhakat JM, Ombrellino M, Che J, Frazier A, Yang H, Ivanova S, Borovikova L, Manogue KR, Faist E, Abraham E, Andersson J, Andersson U, Molina PE, Abumrad NN, Sama A, Tracey KJ |
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|10.1126/science.285.5425.248 |
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|} |
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== Book and editorial activities == |
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* {{Cite book |last=Tracey |first=K. J. |year=2005 |title=Fatal Sequence: The Killer Within |location=New York |publisher=Dana Press |isbn=978-1932594065}} |
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* Editor-in-chief, ''[https://bioelecmed.biomedcentral.com/ Bioelectronic Medicine]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bioelecmed.biomedcentral.com/ |title=Bioelectronic Medicine|publisher=Springer Nature|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* Advisory Editor, [http://jem.rupress.org/ ''Journal of Experimental Medicine'']<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jem.rupress.org/content/editors-and-staff |title=Journal of Experimental Medicine|publisher=Rockefeller University Press|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* Contributing Editor, [https://molmed.biomedcentral.com/ ''Molecular Medicine'']<ref>{{cite web|url=https://molmed.biomedcentral.com/about/editorial-board|title=Molecular Medicine Editorial Board|publisher=Springer Nature|access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* {{Official website|https://feinstein.northwell.edu/institutes-researchers/our-researchers/kevin-j-tracey-md}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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* Tracey KJ, Beutler B, Lowry SF, Merryweather J, Wolpe S, Milsark IW, Hariri RJ, Fahey III TJ, Zentella A, Albert JD, Shires GT, Cerami A (1986). Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin. Science 234:470 474. |
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* Tracey KJ, Fong Y, Hesse DG, Manogue KR, Lee AT, Kuo GC, Lowry SF, Cerami A (1987). Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteremia in baboons. Nature 330:662-664. |
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* Wang H, Bloom O, Zhang M, Vishnubhakat JM, Ombrellino M, Che J, Frazier A, Yang H, Ivanova S, Borovikova L, Manogue KR, Faist, E, Abraham E, Andersson J, Andersson U, Molina PE, Abumrad NN, Sama A, Tracey KJ (1999). Identification of HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice. Science 285(5425):248-251. |
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* Andersson U, Wang H, Palmblad K, Aveberger AC, Bloom O, Erlander-Harris H, Janson A, Kokkola R, Zhang M, Yang H, Tracey KJ (2000). High mobility group 1 protein (HMG1) stimulates proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in human monocytes. J Exp Med 192(4):565-570. |
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* Yang H, Ochani M, Li J, Qiang X, Tanovic M, Harris HE, Susarla SM, Ulloa L, Wang H, DiRaimo R, Czura CJ, Wang H, Roth J Warren HS, Fink MP, Fenton MJ, Andersson U, Tracey KJ (2004). Reversing established sepsis with antagonists of endogenous high-mobility group box 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(1):296-301. |
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* Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, Yang H, Botchkina GI, Watkins LR, Wang H, Abumrad N, Eaton JW, Tracey KJ (2000). Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature 405:458-62. |
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* Bernik TR, Friedman ST, Ochani M, DiRaimo R, Ulloa L, Yang H, Sudan S, Czura CJ, Ivanova S, Tracey KJ (2002). Pharmacological stimulation of the Cholinergic Antiinflammatory Pathway. J Exp Med 195:781-788. |
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* Tracey KJ (2002) The Inflammatory Reflex. Nature 420:853-859. |
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* Wang H, Yu M, Amella CA, Ochani M, Tanovic M, Susarla S, Li JH, Wang H, Ulloa L, Al-Abed Y, Czura CJ, Tracey KJ (2003) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation. Nature 421:384-388. |
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* Wang H, Liao H, Ochani M, Justiniani M, Lin X, Yang L, Al-Abed Y, Wang H, Metz C, Miller EJ, Tracey KJ, Ulloa L (2004). Cholinergic agonists inhibit HMGB1 release and improve survival in experimental sepsis. Nat Med. 10:1216-21. |
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* Huston JM, Ochani M, Rosas-Ballina M, Liao H, Ochani K, Pavlov VA, Gallowitsch-Puerta M, Ashok M, Czura CJ, Foxwell B, Tracey KJ, Ulloa L (2006). Splenectomy inactivates the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway during lethal endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. J Exp Med. 203:1623-8. |
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* Pavlov VA, Ochani M, Gallowitsch-Puerta M, Ochani K, Huston JM, Czura CJ, Al-Abed Y, Tracey KJ (2006). Central muscarinic cholinergic regulation of the systemic inflammatory response during endotoxemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103:5219-23. |
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* Tracey KJ (2007). Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. J Clin Invest. 117:289-96. |
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* Rosas-Ballina M, Ochani M, Parrish WR, Ochani K, Harris YT, Huston JM, Chavan S,. Tracey KJ (2008). The splenic nerve is required for cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway control of TNF in endotoxemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., in press. |
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Latest revision as of 20:18, 1 August 2024
Kevin J. Tracey | |
|---|---|
 Tracey in 2019 | |
| Born | 10 December 1957 |
| Alma mater | Boston University |
| Known for | Bioelectronic Medicine |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Neurosurgery, immunology |
| Institutions | Feinstein Institute for Medical Research |
| Website | feinstein |
Kevin J. Tracey, a neurosurgeon and inventor, is the president and CEO of the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, professor of neurosurgery and molecular medicine at the Zucker School of Medicine, and president of the Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine[1] in Manhasset, New York. The Public Library of Science Magazine, PLOS Biology, recognized Tracey in 2019 as one of the most cited researchers in the world.[2]
Early life
[edit]Tracey was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana on 10 December 1957. He received his B.S. in chemistry from Boston College in 1979 and his M.D. from Boston University in 1983. From 1983 to 1992 he trained in neurosurgery at the New York Hospital/Cornell University[3] with Russel Patterson. During this time he was also a guest investigator at Rockefeller University.[4]
Academic appointments
[edit]In 1992, Tracey moved to Northwell Health,[5] in Manhasset, New York, where he practiced neurosurgery and established the Laboratory of Biomedical Science (now the Center for Biomedical Science). In 2005 he was appointed president and CEO of the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, and professor at and president of the Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine (Manhasset, New York).[1]
Research
[edit]Tracey studies inflammation; he turned to immunological research and inflammation after training as a neurosurgeon, due to his puzzlement over what happened to an 11-month-old girl in his care who died of sepsis.[6] Training as both a neurosurgeon and immunologist merged in discovery of the mechanism by which neurons control the immune system.[7]
In the early 1980s, Tracey and colleagues described the inflammatory activity of TNF and other cytokines as a cytokine capable of causing shock and tissue injury.[8] Because excessive TNF production damages tissues in the body, it was the basis for the discovery and development of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.[6] A subsequently expanding field of research confirmed that TNF is a mediator of septic shock, but not sepsis. This prompted Tracey to search for other mediators of sepsis, culminating in 1999 by discovering high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a protein previously known as a DNA-binding transcription factor, is an inflammatory mediator.[9] The discovery of HMGB1 as a damaged associated molecular pattern (DAMP) offered a mechanism for how sterile injury, which causes HMGB1 release, causes inflammation even in the absence of infection.[9]
In the 1990s an accidental result in the Tracey lab led to a discovery of how the brain normally inhibits the production of TNF.[6] They had developed an anti-inflammatory named CNI-1493, or semapimod.[6] Unexpectedly, the CNI-1493 stimulated the vagus nerve to inhibit TNF production in the body.[6] This discovery that the vagus nerve controls the immune system led him to study the effects of stimulating the vagus nerve with electrodes to alleviate inflammation, called "the inflammatory reflex".[10][11][12]
In 2007 he co-founded a company called SetPoint Medical which aimed to develop vagus nerve stimulation devices to treat autoimmune diseases.[10][13][11] The company started clinical trials in 2011, and in 2016 published results for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis.[10] Vagus nerve stimulation has successfully blocked inflammation in clinical trials of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.[14]
The Tracey lab mapped the inflammatory reflex using genetic, immunological, and bioelectronic tools to define the molecular and neuroscience mechanisms.[9] An unexpected finding from this work is the vagus nerve, a parasympathetic nerve, controls the splenic nerve, a sympathetic nerve.[15] Additionally in 2011, Tracey and colleagues discovered a memory T cell subset that secretes acetylcholine in the spleen when activated by signals arising in the vagus nerve, named "T ChAt" cells.[15] These regulatory T cells produce acetylcholine, the chemical signal to macrophages which turns off production of TNF and other inflammatory mediators.[15]
In May 2018, Tracey's team was first to decode specific signals that the nervous system uses to communicate immune status and alert the brain to inflammation. Identifying these neural signals and what they're communicating about the body's health provides insight into diagnostic and therapeutic targets, and device development.[16] In February 2019, Tracey along with a team led by Tak Mak, PhD, and Maureen Cox, PhD, reported that T ChAt regulate the development of immunity during virus infections.[17]
In November 2020, they reported that neurons in the brainstem dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) of the vagus nerve transmit signals to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglia in the abdomen. This experiment combined optogenetics, anatomical and functional mapping, and measurement of TNF production to show for the first time that parasympathetic vagus neurons control sympathetic splenic neurons, because the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems were believed to be independent.[18]
Awards and honors
[edit]- Hans Wigzell Research Foundation's Science Prize, 2023
- Crain's Business New York "Most Notable Leaders in Healthcare, 2023
- Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, 2020[19]
- Harvey Lecture Series, Harvey Society, 2018[20]
- Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2015
- Grenvik lectureship, University of Pittsburgh, 2013[21]
- Member, Association of American Physicians, 2009[22]
- Nancy Bucher lecture, Boston University School of Medicine, 2009[23]
- Honorary doctorate from the Karolinska Institute, 2009[24]
- Highly Cited Researcher in Immunology.[25]
- DeWitt Stetten Jr. lectureship, National Institute of Health, 2007[26]
- Member, American Society of Clinical Investigation, 2001[27]
- Recognized as one of the most cited researchers, listed among the top 1,000 worldwide, PLOS Biology, The Public Library of Science Magazine[28]
Select publications
[edit] |
| Year | Title[29] | Publication | Author(s) | Volume/Issue Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Identification of a brainstem locus that inhibits tumor necrosis factor | PNAS | Kressel AM, Tsaava T, Levine YA, Chang EH, Addorisio ME, Chang Q, Burbach BJ, Carnevale D, Lembo G, Zador AM, Andersson U, Pavlov VA, Chavan SS, Tracey KJ | 10.1073/pnas.2008213117 |
| 2016 | Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis | PNAS | Koopman FA, Chavan SS, Miljko S, Grazio S, Sokolovic S, Schuurman PR, Mehta AD, Levine YA, Faltys M, Zitnik R, Tracey KJ, Tak PP | 10.1073/pnas.1605635113 |
| 2011 | Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit | Science | Rosas-Ballina M, Olofsson PS, Ochani M, Valdés-Ferrer SI, Levine YA, Reardon C, Tusche MW, Pavlov VA, Andersson U, Chavan S, Mak TW, Tracey KJ | 10.1126/science.1209985 |
| 2003 | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation | Nature | Wang H, Yu M, Ochani M, Amella CA, Tanovic M, Susarla S, Li JH, Wang H, Yang H, Ulloa L, Al-Abed Y, Czura CJ, Tracey KJ | 10.1038/nature01339 |
| 2002 | The inflammatory reflex | Nature | Tracey KJ | 10.1038/nature01321 |
| 2000 | Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin | Nature | Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, Yang H, Botchkina GI, Watkins LR, Wang H, Abumrad N, Eaton JW, Tracey KJ | 10.1038/35013070 |
| 1999 | HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice | Science | Wang H, Bloom O, Zhang M, Vishnubhakat JM, Ombrellino M, Che J, Frazier A, Yang H, Ivanova S, Borovikova L, Manogue KR, Faist E, Abraham E, Andersson J, Andersson U, Molina PE, Abumrad NN, Sama A, Tracey KJ | 10.1126/science.285.5425.248 |
Book and editorial activities
[edit]- Tracey, K. J. (2005). Fatal Sequence: The Killer Within. New York: Dana Press. ISBN 978-1932594065.
- Editor-in-chief, Bioelectronic Medicine[30]
- Advisory Editor, Journal of Experimental Medicine[31]
- Contributing Editor, Molecular Medicine[32]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Elmezzi Graduate School". 23 May 2024.
- ^ Baas, Jeroen; Klavans, Richard; Boyack, Kevin; Ioannidis, John P. A. (2019). "Bibliometrics". Supplementary data tables for "A standardized citation metrics author database annotated for scientific field" (PLoS Biology 2019). Vol. 1. Mendeley. doi:10.17632/btchxktzyw.1. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
- ^ "Cornell Neurological Surgery Alumni". 23 January 2013.
- ^ "Lecturer Will Discuss Replacing Drugs with Electronic Devices". Kidney News. 8 (10/11): 31. October 2016.
- ^ "The Generator by Emily Anthes".
- ^ a b c d e Carlson, Emily (September 2010). "Up Close With: Kevin Tracey" (PDF). Findings. Office of Communications and Public Liaison National Institute of General Medical Sciences. pp. 9–16.
- ^ Tracey, K. J. (2009). "Reflex control of immunity". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 9 (6): 418–428. doi:10.1038/nri2566. PMC 4535331. PMID 19461672.
- ^ Tracey, Kevin (24 October 1986). "Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin". Science. 234 (4775): 470–474. Bibcode:1986Sci...234..470T. doi:10.1126/science.3764421. PMID 3764421. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ a b c Jong, Roh; Dong, Sohn (13 August 2018). "Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Inflammatory Diseases". Immune Network. 18 (4): e27. doi:10.4110/in.2018.18.e27. PMC 6117512. PMID 30181915.
- ^ a b c Fox, D (3 May 2017). "The shock tactics set to shake up immunology". Nature. 545 (7652): 20–22. Bibcode:2017Natur.545...20F. doi:10.1038/545020a. PMID 28470211. S2CID 4385501.
- ^ a b Behar, Michael (23 May 2014). "Can the Nervous System Be Hacked?". The New York Times.
- ^ Finley, Allysia (22 July 2022). "Electricity Is the New Medical Miracle". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ Garde, Damien (2013). "SetPoint Medical – 2013 Fierce 15". FierceBiotech.
- ^ Waltz, Emily (14 June 2018). "Battling Crohn's Disease with Vagus Nerve Stimulation". Spectrum IEEE. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ a b c Rosas-Ballina, M., et al. "Acetylcholine-Synthesizing T Cells Relay Neural Signals in a Vagus Nerve Circuit". Science, vol. 334, no. 6052, 2011, pp. 98–101., doi:10.1126/science.1209985.
- ^ Holme, Frida (May 2018). "Scientists Wants to Decode Body-Brain Nerve Signals to Diagnose Illness". Frontline Genomics.
- ^ Zeller, Gregory (February 2019). "Tracey, Global Team Unearth New Bioelectronic Clue". InnovateLI.
- ^ "Researchers Discover Possible Pathway of Vagus Nerve's Inflammatory Response". Pain Medicine News. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ "AIMBE College of Fellows Class of 2020". AIMBE. American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ "The Harvey Society: Lecture Series". The Harvey Society. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
- ^ "Grenvik lectureship".
- ^ "The Association of American Physicians". The Association of American Physicians. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- ^ "The Nancy L. R. Bucher Seminar Series". Boston University School of Medicine. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- ^ Maria Sjögren. "Honorary doctors at Karolinska Institutet 2009 – Prizes and Awards – Karolinska Institutet". Ki.se. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
- ^ "ISI Highly Cited Researchers".
- ^ "2007 Stetten Lecture – Physiology and Immunology of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway". NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ "Member Directory". The American Society of Clinical Investigation. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- ^ Baas, Jeroen; Klavans, Richard; Boyack, Kevin; Ioannidis, John P. A. (2019). "Bibliometrics". Supplementary data tables for "A standardized citation metrics author database annotated for scientific field" (PLoS Biology 2019). Vol. 1. Mendeley. doi:10.17632/btchxktzyw.1. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
- ^ "Tracey KJ PubMed Publications". Retrieved 2 November 2021.
- ^ "Bioelectronic Medicine". Springer Nature. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
- ^ "Journal of Experimental Medicine". Rockefeller University Press. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
- ^ "Molecular Medicine Editorial Board". Springer Nature. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
