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{{Short description|Scottish clan chief}}
{{otherpeople2|Iain MacLeod (disambiguation)}}
{{other people||Iain MacLeod (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{ infobox person
{{ infobox person
| name = Iain Borb MacLeod
| name = Iain Borb MacLeod
| image = Escutcheon of the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan by Alexander Liptak.png
| image = Arms of "Le sire de bes" from the Armorial de Berry.jpg
| caption = [[coat of arms|Arms]] of MacLeod of Harris and Dunvegan, dating to the tenure of Iain Borb's chiefship.
| caption = [[coat of arms|Arms]] of MacLeod of Harris and Dunvegan, dating to the tenure of Iain Borb's chiefship.
| birth_date = 1392
| birth_date = 1392
| death_date = 1442
| death_date = 1442
| death_place = [[Pabbay, Harris]]
| death_place = [[Pabbay, Harris]]
| death_cause = Accidentally [[Bleed to death|bled to death]]
| resting_place = [[Iona]], Scotland
| resting_place = [[Iona]]
| known_for = The 6th [[Chief of Clan MacLeod]]
| predecessor = [[William Cleireach MacLeod|William Cleireach]] (father)
| predecessor = [[William Cleireach MacLeod|William Cleireach]] (father)
| successor = [[William Dubh MacLeod|William Dubh]] (second son)
| successor = [[William Dubh MacLeod|William Dubh]] (second son)
Line 14: Line 16:
| children = 2 sons, 2 daughters.
| children = 2 sons, 2 daughters.
}}
}}

'''Iain Borb MacLeod''' ([[Scottish Gaelic]]: '''Iain Borb MacLeòid'''; Anglicised as: '''John "the Turbulent" MacLeod''') (1392–1442) is considered to be the sixth [[Scottish clan chief|chief]] of [[Clan MacLeod]]. He is the first MacLeod chief to which [[heraldry]] can be assigned. Clan tradition states that he was a minor at the time of his father's death and for six years an incompetent guardian led the clan to its lowest point in clan history. After reaching the age of maturity, Iain Borb managed to acquire some of the clan's lost lands and led his clan and his kinsmen (the [[Clan MacLeod of Lewis|MacLeods of Lewis]]) in the [[Battle of Harlaw]], in 1411. Iain Borb was wounded in the head during the conflict; they wound never completely healed and confined him to his home on [[Pabbay, Harris|Pabbay]] for much of his life. Tradition states that he died when this wound re-opened during a fencing/wrestling match. There is some disagreement as to which of his son's were the eldest; however, his son [[William Dubh MacLeod|William Dubh]] was the one which finally succeeded to the chiefship, following his death in 1442.
'''Iain Borb MacLeod''' ([[Scottish Gaelic]]: '''Iain Borb MacLeòid'''; Anglicised as: '''John "the Turbulent" MacLeod''') (1392–1442) is considered to be the sixth [[Scottish clan chief|chief]] of [[Clan MacLeod]]. He is the first MacLeod chief to which [[heraldry]] can be assigned. Clan tradition states that he was a minor at the time of his father's death and for six years an incompetent guardian led the clan to its lowest point in clan history. After reaching the age of maturity, Iain Borb managed to acquire some of the clan's lost lands and led his clan and his kinsmen (the [[Clan MacLeod of Lewis|MacLeods of Lewis]]) in the [[Battle of Harlaw]], in 1411. Iain Borb was wounded in the head during the conflict; the wound never completely healed and confined him to his home on [[Pabbay, Harris|Pabbay]] for much of his life. Tradition states that he died when this wound re-opened during a fencing/wrestling match. There is some disagreement as to which of his sons was the eldest; however, his son [[William Dubh MacLeod|William Dubh]] was the one who finally succeeded to the chiefship, following his death in 1442.


==Life==
==Life==
Iain Borb was the son, and successor of [[William Cleireach MacLeod|William Cleireach]], fifth [[Scottish clan chief|chief]] of [[Clan MacLeod]]. According to the ''[[Bannatyne manuscript (Clan MacLeod)|Bannatyne manuscript]]'', he was only ten years old at the time of his father's death. The manuscript relates how during his [[Minor (law)|minority]] a [[Legal guardian|guardian]] was chosen to lead the [[Scottish clan|clan]]. This man's name was Iain Mishealbhach ('John the Unlucky') who was a cousin of the young Iain Borb. During Iain Mishealbhach's tenure as guardian, the MacLeods of [[Isle of Harris|Harris]] and [[Dunvegan]] were at their lowest point in their history. Many of the clan opposed the selection of Iain Mishealbhach, favouring instead Tormod Coil who slew Alastair Cannoch at the Battle of Sligachan. Tormod Coil defied the guardian and seized part of the lands of [[Glenelg, Highland|Glenelg]].<ref name="MacLeodRC"/>
Iain Borb was the son, and successor of [[William Cleireach MacLeod|William Cleireach]], fifth [[Scottish clan chief|chief]] of [[Clan MacLeod]]. According to the ''[[Bannatyne manuscript (Clan MacLeod)|Bannatyne manuscript]]'', he was only ten years old at the time of his father's death. The manuscript relates how during his [[Minor (law)|minority]] a [[Legal guardian|guardian]] was chosen to lead the [[Scottish clan|clan]]. This man's name was Iain Mishealbhach ('John the Unlucky') who was a cousin of the young Iain Borb. During Iain Mishealbhach's tenure as guardian, the MacLeods of [[Isle of Harris|Harris]] and [[Dunvegan]] were at their lowest point in their history. Many of the clan opposed the selection of Iain Mishealbhach, favouring instead Tormod Coil who slew Alastair Cannoch at the Battle of Sligachan. Tormod Coil defied the guardian and seized part of the lands of [[Glenelg, Highland|Glenelg]].<ref name="MacLeodRC"/>


The manuscript continues that the during this era, the [[Clan Donald|MacDonalds]] took full advantage of the disorderedness of the MacLeods. A force of MacDonalds landed at [[Sleat]] and took possession of the castles of [[Dunscaith Castle|Dunscaith]] and [[Castle Camus|Camus]] and in the process drove the MacLeods out of Sleat. They also invaded [[North Uist]] and fought the MacLeods at Cailus, where the MacLeods were completely defeated and further lands were gained by the invaders. Following these victories, the MacDonalds besieged [[Dunvegan Castle]], where the widow of William Cleireach was living at the time. The chief of the MacLeods of [[Lewis]], however, came in force and relieved the castle, defeating the MacDonalds at Fiorlig. Torquil then took the family to Lewis where they remained until Iain Borb reached the age of maturity.<ref name="MacLeodRC"/>
The manuscript continues that the during this era, the [[Clan Donald|MacDonalds]] took full advantage of the disorderedness of the MacLeods. A force of MacDonalds landed at [[Sleat]] and took possession of the castles of [[Dunscaith Castle|Dunscaith]] and [[Castle Camus|Camus]] and in the process drove the MacLeods out of Sleat. They also invaded [[North Uist]] and fought the MacLeods at Cailus, where the MacLeods were completely defeated and further lands were gained by the invaders. Following these victories, the MacDonalds besieged [[Dunvegan Castle]], where the widow of William Cleireach was living at the time. The chief of the MacLeods of [[Isle of Lewis|Lewis]], however, came in force and relieved the castle, defeating the MacDonalds at Fiorlig. Torquil then took the family to Lewis where they remained until Iain Borb reached the age of maturity.<ref name="MacLeodRC"/>
[[File:Pabbay and boat.jpg|left|thumb|[[Pabbay, Harris]], where Iain Borb spent much of his life and where he died in 1442.]]
[[File:Pabbay and boat.jpg|left|thumb|[[Pabbay, Harris]], where Iain Borb spent much of his life and where he died in 1442.]]
Iain Borb's first act as chief, according to the manuscript, was to [[hanging|hang]] Iain Mishealbhach, [[Confiscation|confiscate]] the dead man's lands, and [[banish]] his family. Later, Iain Borb made an agreement with [[Domhnall, Lord of the Isles]], in which the MacDonalds gave back the lands they won from the MacLeods&mdash;except the lands on North Uist. Iain Borb swore his [[vassalage]] to the [[Lord of the Isles]] and in accordance to this agreement fought under the MacDonalds at the [[Battle of Harlaw]] in 1411. During the battle, Iain Borb commanded all the MacLeods (including the [[Clan MacLeod of Lewis|MacLeods of Lewis]]) and the manuscript states that the MacLeods had the honour of fighting on the right of Domhnall's forces.<ref name="MacLeodRC"/> Early 20th century [[Clan Donald]] historians A. and A. Macdonald, however, stated that both clans of MacLeods were in the main body of men commanded by Domhnall and that the right wing was made up of [[Clan MacLean|MacLeans]], commanded by [[Red Hector of the Battles Maclean|Hector MacLean of Duart]] (Red Hector of the Battles).<ref name="Macdonald">{{cite book|first1=Angus|last1=Macdonald|first2=Archibald|last2=Macdonald|title=The Clan Donald|year=1900|publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd|location=Inverness|volume=1|url=http://www.archive.org/details/clandonald01macd|pages=156, 160}}</ref> The manuscript states how Iain Borb was wounded in the head during the conflict. The wound never entirely healed and for the rest of his life it would bleed whenever he became agitated. For the most part, Iain Borb lived at his castle on [[Pabbay, Harris|Pabbay]], where he renovated and enlarged the fortress there. The manuscript tells how during a fencing match with his [[Fosterage|foster-brother]], Somerled MacConn, Iain Borb's wound began to bleed so profusely that he [[bleed to death|bled to death]].<ref name="MacLeodRC"/>
Iain Borb's first act as chief, according to the manuscript, was to [[hanging|hang]] Iain Mishealbhach, [[Confiscation|confiscate]] the dead man's lands, and [[banish]] his family. Later, Iain Borb made an agreement with [[Domhnall, Lord of the Isles]], in which the MacDonalds gave back the lands they won from the MacLeods&mdash;except the lands on North Uist. Iain Borb swore his [[vassalage]] to the [[Lord of the Isles]] and in accordance to this agreement fought under the MacDonalds at the [[Battle of Harlaw]] in 1411. During the battle, Iain Borb commanded all the MacLeods (including the [[Clan MacLeod of Lewis|MacLeods of Lewis]]) and the manuscript states that the MacLeods had the honour of fighting on the right of Domhnall's forces.<ref name="MacLeodRC"/> Early 20th century [[Clan Donald]] historians A. and A. Macdonald, however, stated that both clans of MacLeods were in the main body of men commanded by Domhnall and that the right wing was made up of [[Clan MacLean|MacLeans]], commanded by [[Red Hector of the Battles Maclean|Hector MacLean of Duart]] (Red Hector of the Battles).<ref name="Macdonald">{{cite book|first1=Angus|last1=Macdonald|first2=Archibald|last2=Macdonald|title=The Clan Donald|year=1900|publisher=The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd|location=Inverness|volume=1|url=https://archive.org/details/clandonald01macd|pages=[https://archive.org/details/clandonald01macd/page/156 156], 160}}</ref> The manuscript states how Iain Borb was wounded in the head during the conflict. The wound never entirely healed and for the rest of his life it would bleed whenever he became agitated. For the most part, Iain Borb lived at his castle on [[Pabbay, Harris|Pabbay]], where he renovated and enlarged the fortress there. The manuscript tells how during a fencing match with his [[Fosterage|foster-brother]], Somerled MacConn, Iain Borb's wound began to bleed so profusely that he [[bleed to death|bled to death]].<ref name="MacLeodRC"/>


[[File:Iona Abbey - altar.jpg|thumb|The [[Choir (architecture)|choir]] of [[Iona Abbey]]. The stone said to represent a [[MacLeod]] is visible on the floor in the middle. The [[effigy]] on the left (north) is of a [[Mackinnon]], the one on the right is a [[Mackenzie]].<ref name="morrison"/>]]
[[File:Iona Abbey - altar.jpg|thumb|The [[Choir (architecture)|choir]] of [[Iona Abbey]]. The stone said to represent a [[MacLeod]] is visible on the floor in the middle. The [[effigy]] on the left (north) is of a [[Mackinnon]], the one on the right is a [[Clan Mackenzie|Mackenzie]].<ref name="morrison"/>]]


The ''Bannatyne manuscript'' states that the first seven chiefs of Clan MacLeod were buried at [[Iona]].<ref name="MacLeodRC-30"/> The [[Choir (architecture)|choir]] of [[Iona Abbey]], for the most part, dates from the early 16th century. Within the centre of the choir there is a large stone which once contained a [[monumental brass]], traditionally said to have been a MacLeod.<ref name="morrison">{{cite book |last=Morrison |first=John |title=Behold Iona |url=http://www.archive.org/details/beholdionaguides00morruoft |year=1947 |publisher=[[Iona Community]] |location=[[Glasgow]] |page=14 }}</ref> The stone formed a [[Matrix (printing)|matrix]] which at one time contained the [[brass]] inlay (tradition states it was a [[silver]] inlay). It is the largest carved stone on the island, measuring {{convert|7|ft|9.25|in|m|2}} by {{convert|3|ft|10|in|m|2}}.<ref name="MacMillan">{{cite book |last=MacMillan |first=Archibald |title=Iona: Its History and Antiquities |url=http://www.archive.org/details/ionaitshistoryan00macmuoft |year=1898 |publisher=Houlston & Sons |location=[[London]] |pages=82&ndash;83 }}</ref> R.C. MacLeod speculated that perhaps the clan's founder, [[Leod]], and five of his successors were buried beneath&mdash;however, in his opinion the fourth chief, [[Iain Ciar MacLeod|Iain Ciar]], was buried elsewhere.<ref name="MacLeodRC-30">{{cite book |last=MacLeod |first=Roderick Charles |title=The MacLeods of Dunvegan |url=http://www.archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl |year=1927 |publisher=Privately printed for the Clan MacLeod Society |location=[[Edinburgh]] |page=30 }}</ref>
The ''Bannatyne manuscript'' states that the first seven chiefs of Clan MacLeod were buried at [[Iona]].<ref name="MacLeodRC-30"/> Iona Abbey and church date from the 12th century when it was built by Somerled's son Ranald. The [[Choir (architecture)|choir]] of [[Iona Abbey]], may date from a later period. Within the centre of the choir there is a large stone which once contained a [[monumental brass]], traditionally said to have been a MacLeod.<ref name="morrison">{{cite book |last=Morrison |first=John |title=Behold Iona |url=https://archive.org/details/beholdionaguides00morruoft |year=1947 |publisher=[[Iona Community]] |location=[[Glasgow]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/beholdionaguides00morruoft/page/14 14] }}</ref> The stone formed a [[Matrix (printing)|matrix]] which at one time contained the [[brass]] inlay (tradition states it was a [[silver]] inlay). It is the largest carved stone on the island, measuring {{convert|7|ft|9.25|in|m|2}} by {{convert|3|ft|10|in|m|2}}.<ref name="MacMillan">{{cite book |last=MacMillan |first=Archibald |title=Iona: Its History and Antiquities |url=https://archive.org/details/ionaitshistoryan00macmuoft |year=1898 |publisher=Houlston & Sons |location=[[London]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ionaitshistoryan00macmuoft/page/82 82]&ndash;83 }}</ref> R.C. MacLeod speculated that perhaps the clan's founder, [[Leod]], and five of his successors were buried beneath&mdash;however, in his opinion the fourth chief, [[Iain Ciar MacLeod|Iain Ciar]], was buried elsewhere.<ref name="MacLeodRC-30">{{cite book |last=MacLeod |first=Roderick Charles |title=The MacLeods of Dunvegan |url=https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl |year=1927 |publisher=Privately printed for the Clan MacLeod Society |location=[[Edinburgh]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl/page/30 30] }}</ref>


==Issue==
==Issue==
The ''Bannatyne manuscript'' records that Iain Borb married a granddaughter of the [[Earl of Douglas]].<ref name="MacLeodRC"/> Several 20th century clan historians named her Margaret.<ref name="I14">{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0013/I14.html |title=John Iain Borb Macleod (VI Chief) |accessdate=10 January 2010 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org }}</ref> The couple had two sons, named ''William'' and ''Norman'', as well as two daughters. The manuscript maintains that Tormod was the elder of the brothers, but that he died young and left a young son who was too young to succeed to the chiefship.<ref name="MacLeodRC"/> In fact, [[William Dubh MacLeod|William Dubh]] succeeded Iain Borb as chief of the clan.<ref name="I14"/> R.C. MacLeod considered the fact that the clan considered William chief and not guardian was evidence that William was in fact the elder brother.<ref name="MacLeodRC"/> A. Morrison stated that Norman was probably an [[illegitimate]] son of Iain Borb and that he was considerably older than William, since Norman led the clan in battle in 1428. According to Morrison, Norman was killed in 1429 and that his [[posthumous]] son was the progenitor of the MacLeods of Waternish. D. MacKinnon stated that he led the MacLeods and was slain at the battle in [[Lochaber]] in 1429, supporting [[Alexander, Lord of the Isles]] against [[James I of Scotland|James I]]. MacKinnon stated that he married a daughter of Chisholm of Strathglass, and by her had his son, John.<ref name="I15"/>
The ''Bannatyne manuscript'' records that Iain Borb married a granddaughter of the [[Earl of Douglas]].<ref name="MacLeodRC"/> Several 20th-century clan historians named her Margaret.<ref name="I14">{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0013/I14.html |title=John Iain Borb Macleod (VI Chief) |accessdate=10 January 2010 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924094447/http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0013/I14.html |archivedate=24 September 2011 }}</ref> The couple had two sons, named ''William'' and ''Norman'' (''Tormod''), as well as two daughters. The manuscript maintains that Norman was the elder of the brothers, but that he died young and left a young son who was too young to succeed to the chiefship.<ref name="MacLeodRC"/> In fact, [[William Dubh MacLeod|William Dubh]] succeeded Iain Borb as chief of the clan.<ref name="I14"/> R.C. MacLeod considered the fact that the clan considered William chief and not guardian was evidence that William was in fact the elder brother.<ref name="MacLeodRC"/> A. Morrison stated that Norman was probably an [[illegitimate]] son of Iain Borb and that he was considerably older than William, since Norman led the clan in battle in 1428. According to Morrison, Norman was killed in 1429 and that his [[Posthumous birth|posthumous]] son was the progenitor of the MacLeods of Waternish. D. MacKinnon stated that he led the MacLeods and was slain at the battle in [[Lochaber]] in 1429, supporting [[Alexander, Lord of the Isles]] against [[James I of Scotland|James I]]. MacKinnon stated that he married a daughter of Chisholm of Strathglass, and by her had his son, John.<ref name="I15"/>


Morrison stated that Iain Borb's daughters were both born in [[Marriage|wedlock]].<ref name="I15">{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0014/I15.html |title=Norman Macleod (of Arnisdale) |accessdate=10 January 2010 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org }}</ref> According to MacKinnon, one of the daughters, Margaret, married Roderick MacLeod of Lewis (6th clan chief).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0032/I231.html |title=Margaret Macleod |accessdate=10 January 2010 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org }}</ref> MacLeod stated that the other daughter married [[Lachlan Bronneach Maclean|Lachlan MacLean, of Duart]] (7th chief of [[Clan MacLean]]).<ref name="MacLeodRC">{{cite book |last=MacLeod |first=Roderick Charles |title=The MacLeods of Dunvegan |url=http://www.archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl |year=1927 |publisher=Privately printed for the Clan MacLeod Society |location=[[Edinburgh]] |pages=60&ndash;67 }}</ref> The late 19th century clan historian A.M. Sinclair stated that her name was ''Finvola'' and noted that the couple had two sons, Neil and [[John Garbh Maclean, 1st Laird of Coll|John Garbh]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sinclair |first=Alexander Maclean |title=The Clan Gillean |url=http://www.archive.org/details/clangillean00sincuoft |year=1899 |publisher=Haszard and Moore |location=[[Charlottetown]] |page=248 }}</ref> However, several years earlier another late 19th century Clan MacLean historian, [[John Patterson MacLean|J.P. MacLean]] named Lachlan's wife as "Fionnaghal, daughter of William MacLeod of Harris".<ref>{{cite book |last=MacLean |first=John Patterson |authorlink=John Patterson MacLean |title=A history of the Clan MacLean from its first settlement at Duard Castle, in the Isle of Mull, to the present period; including a genealogical account of some of the principal families together with their heraldry, legends, superstitions, etc |url=http://www.archive.org/details/historyofclanmac00macl |year=1889 |publisher=R. Clarke & Co. |location=[[Cincinnati]] |page=46 }}</ref>
Morrison stated that Iain Borb's daughters were both born in [[Marriage|wedlock]].<ref name="I15">{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0014/I15.html |title=Norman Macleod (of Arnisdale) |accessdate=10 January 2010 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org }}</ref> According to MacKinnon, one of the daughters, Margaret, married Roderick MacLeod of Lewis (6th clan chief).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0032/I231.html |title=Margaret Macleod |accessdate=10 January 2010 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org }}</ref> MacLeod stated that the other daughter married [[Lachlan Bronneach Maclean|Lachlan MacLean, of Duart]] (7th chief of [[Clan MacLean]]).<ref name="MacLeodRC">{{cite book |last=MacLeod |first=Roderick Charles |title=The MacLeods of Dunvegan |url=https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl |year=1927 |publisher=Privately printed for the Clan MacLeod Society |location=[[Edinburgh]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/macleodsofdunveg00macl/page/60 60]&ndash;67 }}</ref> The late 19th-century clan historian A.M. Sinclair stated that her name was ''Finvola'' and noted that the couple had two sons, Neil and [[John Garbh Maclean, 1st Laird of Coll|John Garbh]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sinclair |first=Alexander Maclean |title=The Clan Gillean |url=https://archive.org/details/clangillean00sincuoft |year=1899 |publisher=Haszard and Moore |location=[[Charlottetown]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/clangillean00sincuoft/page/248 248] }}</ref> However, several years earlier another late 19th century Clan MacLean historian, [[John Patterson MacLean|J.P. MacLean]] named Lachlan's wife as "Fionnaghal, daughter of William MacLeod of Harris".<ref>{{cite book |last=MacLean |first=John Patterson |authorlink=John Patterson MacLean |title=A history of the Clan MacLean from its first settlement at Duard Castle, in the Isle of Mull, to the present period; including a genealogical account of some of the principal families together with their heraldry, legends, superstitions, etc |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofclanmac00macl |year=1889 |publisher=R. Clarke & Co. |location=[[Cincinnati]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofclanmac00macl/page/46 46] }}</ref>


==Heraldry==
==Heraldry==
Iain Borb is the earliest MacLeod chief to which [[heraldry]] can be assigned.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/Research/APMacLeod.html |title=The Ancestry of Leod |last=MacLeod |first=Andrew P. |date=2000 |accessdate=10 January 2010 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org}}</ref> The [[coat of arms]] of the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan appear in the mid 15th century [[roll of arms]] ''Armorial de Berry'' (although the armorial actually lists the arms as those of "Le sire de bes").<ref>{{cite journal |last=Clouston |first=J. Storer |authorlink=Storer Clouston |date=1937&ndash;38 |title=The Armorial De Berry. (Scottish Section) |journal=[[Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]] |volume=72 |url=http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_072/72_084_114.pdf |format=[[pdf]] |pages=84&ndash;114}}</ref> The [[blazon]] is: ''[[azure]], a castle triple-towered [[argent]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heraldry-scotland.co.uk/Mitchell/berry.html |title=Armorial de Berry |accessdate=23 December 2009 |work=www.heraldry-scotland.co.uk}}</ref> The castle may represent the [[clan seat|seat]] of the chiefs&mdash;[[Dunvegan Castle]], located on [[Skye]].<ref name="ref-Sellar">{{cite web |url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/Research/Sellar.html |last=Sellar |first=William David Hamilton |authorlink=David Sellar |title=The Ancestry of the MacLeods Reconsidered |date=1998 |accessdate=8 December 2009 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org}}</ref>
Iain Borb is the earliest MacLeod chief to which [[heraldry]] can be assigned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/Research/APMacLeod.html |title=The Ancestry of Leod |last=MacLeod |first=Andrew P. |year=2000 |accessdate=10 January 2010 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727051958/http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/Research/APMacLeod.html |archivedate=27 July 2011 }}</ref> The [[coat of arms]] of the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan appear in the mid 15th century [[roll of arms]] ''Armorial de Berry'' (although the armorial actually lists the arms as those of "Le sire de bes").<ref>{{cite journal |last=Clouston |first=J. Storer |authorlink=Storer Clouston |date=1937–38 |title=The Armorial De Berry. (Scottish Section) |journal=[[Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]] |volume=72 |url=http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_072/72_084_114.pdf |pages=84&ndash;114|doi=10.9750/PSAS.072.84.114 |s2cid=167008260 }}</ref> The [[blazon]] is: ''[[Azure (heraldry)|azure]], a castle triple-towered [[argent]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldry-scotland.co.uk/Mitchell/berry.html |title=Armorial de Berry |accessdate=23 December 2009 |work=www.heraldry-scotland.co.uk |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219221642/http://heraldry-scotland.co.uk/Mitchell/berry.html |archivedate=February 19, 2009 }}</ref> The castle may represent the [[clan seat|seat]] of the chiefs&mdash;[[Dunvegan Castle]], located on [[Skye]].<ref name="ref-Sellar">{{cite web|url=http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/Research/Sellar.html |last=Sellar |first=William David Hamilton |authorlink=David Sellar |title=The Ancestry of the MacLeods Reconsidered |year=1998 |accessdate=8 December 2009 |work=www.macleodgenealogy.org |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513072921/http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/Research/Sellar.html |archivedate=13 May 2008 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


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{{Clan MacLeod}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Macleod, Iain Borb}}
[[Category:1392 births]]
[[Category:1392 births]]
[[Category:1442 deaths]]
[[Category:1442 deaths]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths]]
[[Category:Clan MacLeod Chiefs|Iain]]
[[Category:Clan MacLeod Chiefs]]
[[Category:Deaths from bleeding]]
[[Category:Deaths from bleeding]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in Scotland]]

[[Category:Burials at Iona Abbey]]
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{{Clan MacLeod}}

Latest revision as of 20:49, 1 April 2024

For other people with the same name, see Iain MacLeod (disambiguation).

Iain Borb MacLeod
Arms of MacLeod of Harris and Dunvegan, dating to the tenure of Iain Borb's chiefship.
Born1392
Died1442
Pabbay, Harris
Resting placeIona, Scotland
Known forThe 6th Chief of Clan MacLeod
PredecessorWilliam Cleireach (father)
SuccessorWilliam Dubh (second son)
Spouse(s)Margaret, grddau. of the Earl of Douglas
Children2 sons, 2 daughters.

Iain Borb MacLeod (Scottish Gaelic: Iain Borb MacLeòid; Anglicised as: John "the Turbulent" MacLeod) (1392–1442) is considered to be the sixth chief of Clan MacLeod. He is the first MacLeod chief to which heraldry can be assigned. Clan tradition states that he was a minor at the time of his father's death and for six years an incompetent guardian led the clan to its lowest point in clan history. After reaching the age of maturity, Iain Borb managed to acquire some of the clan's lost lands and led his clan and his kinsmen (the MacLeods of Lewis) in the Battle of Harlaw, in 1411. Iain Borb was wounded in the head during the conflict; the wound never completely healed and confined him to his home on Pabbay for much of his life. Tradition states that he died when this wound re-opened during a fencing/wrestling match. There is some disagreement as to which of his sons was the eldest; however, his son William Dubh was the one who finally succeeded to the chiefship, following his death in 1442.

Life

[edit]

Iain Borb was the son, and successor of William Cleireach, fifth chief of Clan MacLeod. According to the Bannatyne manuscript, he was only ten years old at the time of his father's death. The manuscript relates how during his minority a guardian was chosen to lead the clan. This man's name was Iain Mishealbhach ('John the Unlucky') who was a cousin of the young Iain Borb. During Iain Mishealbhach's tenure as guardian, the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan were at their lowest point in their history. Many of the clan opposed the selection of Iain Mishealbhach, favouring instead Tormod Coil who slew Alastair Cannoch at the Battle of Sligachan. Tormod Coil defied the guardian and seized part of the lands of Glenelg.[1]

The manuscript continues that the during this era, the MacDonalds took full advantage of the disorderedness of the MacLeods. A force of MacDonalds landed at Sleat and took possession of the castles of Dunscaith and Camus and in the process drove the MacLeods out of Sleat. They also invaded North Uist and fought the MacLeods at Cailus, where the MacLeods were completely defeated and further lands were gained by the invaders. Following these victories, the MacDonalds besieged Dunvegan Castle, where the widow of William Cleireach was living at the time. The chief of the MacLeods of Lewis, however, came in force and relieved the castle, defeating the MacDonalds at Fiorlig. Torquil then took the family to Lewis where they remained until Iain Borb reached the age of maturity.[1]

Pabbay, Harris, where Iain Borb spent much of his life and where he died in 1442.

Iain Borb's first act as chief, according to the manuscript, was to hang Iain Mishealbhach, confiscate the dead man's lands, and banish his family. Later, Iain Borb made an agreement with Domhnall, Lord of the Isles, in which the MacDonalds gave back the lands they won from the MacLeods—except the lands on North Uist. Iain Borb swore his vassalage to the Lord of the Isles and in accordance to this agreement fought under the MacDonalds at the Battle of Harlaw in 1411. During the battle, Iain Borb commanded all the MacLeods (including the MacLeods of Lewis) and the manuscript states that the MacLeods had the honour of fighting on the right of Domhnall's forces.[1] Early 20th century Clan Donald historians A. and A. Macdonald, however, stated that both clans of MacLeods were in the main body of men commanded by Domhnall and that the right wing was made up of MacLeans, commanded by Hector MacLean of Duart (Red Hector of the Battles).[2] The manuscript states how Iain Borb was wounded in the head during the conflict. The wound never entirely healed and for the rest of his life it would bleed whenever he became agitated. For the most part, Iain Borb lived at his castle on Pabbay, where he renovated and enlarged the fortress there. The manuscript tells how during a fencing match with his foster-brother, Somerled MacConn, Iain Borb's wound began to bleed so profusely that he bled to death.[1]

The choir of Iona Abbey. The stone said to represent a MacLeod is visible on the floor in the middle. The effigy on the left (north) is of a Mackinnon, the one on the right is a Mackenzie.[3]

The Bannatyne manuscript states that the first seven chiefs of Clan MacLeod were buried at Iona.[4] Iona Abbey and church date from the 12th century when it was built by Somerled's son Ranald. The choir of Iona Abbey, may date from a later period. Within the centre of the choir there is a large stone which once contained a monumental brass, traditionally said to have been a MacLeod.[3] The stone formed a matrix which at one time contained the brass inlay (tradition states it was a silver inlay). It is the largest carved stone on the island, measuring 7 feet 9.25 inches (2.37 m) by 3 feet 10 inches (1.17 m).[5] R.C. MacLeod speculated that perhaps the clan's founder, Leod, and five of his successors were buried beneath—however, in his opinion the fourth chief, Iain Ciar, was buried elsewhere.[4]

Issue

[edit]

The Bannatyne manuscript records that Iain Borb married a granddaughter of the Earl of Douglas.[1] Several 20th-century clan historians named her Margaret.[6] The couple had two sons, named William and Norman (Tormod), as well as two daughters. The manuscript maintains that Norman was the elder of the brothers, but that he died young and left a young son who was too young to succeed to the chiefship.[1] In fact, William Dubh succeeded Iain Borb as chief of the clan.[6] R.C. MacLeod considered the fact that the clan considered William chief and not guardian was evidence that William was in fact the elder brother.[1] A. Morrison stated that Norman was probably an illegitimate son of Iain Borb and that he was considerably older than William, since Norman led the clan in battle in 1428. According to Morrison, Norman was killed in 1429 and that his posthumous son was the progenitor of the MacLeods of Waternish. D. MacKinnon stated that he led the MacLeods and was slain at the battle in Lochaber in 1429, supporting Alexander, Lord of the Isles against James I. MacKinnon stated that he married a daughter of Chisholm of Strathglass, and by her had his son, John.[7]

Morrison stated that Iain Borb's daughters were both born in wedlock.[7] According to MacKinnon, one of the daughters, Margaret, married Roderick MacLeod of Lewis (6th clan chief).[8] MacLeod stated that the other daughter married Lachlan MacLean, of Duart (7th chief of Clan MacLean).[1] The late 19th-century clan historian A.M. Sinclair stated that her name was Finvola and noted that the couple had two sons, Neil and John Garbh.[9] However, several years earlier another late 19th century Clan MacLean historian, J.P. MacLean named Lachlan's wife as "Fionnaghal, daughter of William MacLeod of Harris".[10]

Heraldry

[edit]

Iain Borb is the earliest MacLeod chief to which heraldry can be assigned.[11] The coat of arms of the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan appear in the mid 15th century roll of arms Armorial de Berry (although the armorial actually lists the arms as those of "Le sire de bes").[12] The blazon is: azure, a castle triple-towered argent.[13] The castle may represent the seat of the chiefs—Dunvegan Castle, located on Skye.[14]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h MacLeod, Roderick Charles (1927). The MacLeods of Dunvegan. Edinburgh: Privately printed for the Clan MacLeod Society. pp. 60–67.
  2. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1900). The Clan Donald. Vol. 1. Inverness: The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd. pp. 156, 160.
  3. ^ a b Morrison, John (1947). Behold Iona. Glasgow: Iona Community. p. 14.
  4. ^ a b MacLeod, Roderick Charles (1927). The MacLeods of Dunvegan. Edinburgh: Privately printed for the Clan MacLeod Society. p. 30.
  5. ^ MacMillan, Archibald (1898). Iona: Its History and Antiquities. London: Houlston & Sons. pp. 82–83.
  6. ^ a b "John Iain Borb Macleod (VI Chief)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  7. ^ a b "Norman Macleod (of Arnisdale)". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  8. ^ "Margaret Macleod". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  9. ^ Sinclair, Alexander Maclean (1899). The Clan Gillean. Charlottetown: Haszard and Moore. p. 248.
  10. ^ MacLean, John Patterson (1889). A history of the Clan MacLean from its first settlement at Duard Castle, in the Isle of Mull, to the present period; including a genealogical account of some of the principal families together with their heraldry, legends, superstitions, etc. Cincinnati: R. Clarke & Co. p. 46.
  11. ^ MacLeod, Andrew P. (2000). "The Ancestry of Leod". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  12. ^ Clouston, J. Storer (1937–38). "The Armorial De Berry. (Scottish Section)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 72: 84–114. doi:10.9750/PSAS.072.84.114. S2CID 167008260.
  13. ^ "Armorial de Berry". www.heraldry-scotland.co.uk. Archived from the original on 19 February 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  14. ^ Sellar, William David Hamilton (1998). "The Ancestry of the MacLeods Reconsidered". www.macleodgenealogy.org. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
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