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{{Infobox royalty|consort=yes
'''Wilhelmina ''Caroline'' of Denmark''' ({{lang-da|Vilhelmine'' Caroline}}'', {{lang-de|Wilhelmine'' Karoline}}'') (10 July 1747 in [[Christiansborg Palace]], [[Copenhagen]] – 14 January 1820 in [[Kassel]], was the Electress of [[Hesse-Kassel]] (or Hesse-Cassel).
| name = Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway
| image = Tischbein - Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark, Marburg.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Johann Heinrich Tischbein]]
| succession = [[Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel]]
| reign = 31 October 1785 – 1803
| succession1 = [[Electress consort of Hesse]]
| reign1 = 1803 – 14 January 1820
| spouse = {{marriage|[[William I, Elector of Hesse]]|1764}}
| issue = {{Plainlist|
*[[Marie Friederike of Hesse-Kassel|Maria Frederica, Duchess of Anhalt-Bernburg]]
*[[Princess Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel|Caroline Amalie, Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]
*Frederick
*[[William II, Elector of Hesse]]}}
| full name = {{langx|da|Vilhelmina Caroline}} <br> {{langx|de|Wilhelmina Karolina}}
| house = [[House of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]]
| father =[[Frederick V of Denmark]]
| mother =[[Louise of Great Britain]]
| birth_date ={{birth date|1747|7|10|df=y}}
| birth_place =[[Christiansborg Palace]], [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
| death_date ={{death date and age|1820|1|14|1747|7|10|df=y}}
| death_place =[[Kassel]], Germany
| religion = [[Lutheranism]]
}}
{{House of Oldenburg|frederick5}}


'''Princess Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway''' (''{{langx|da|Vilhelmina Karoline}}, {{langx|de|Wilhelmina Karolina}}'') (10 July 1747 in [[Christiansborg Palace]], [[Copenhagen]] – 14 January 1820 in [[Kassel]]), was the Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel and later the Electress of [[Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel|Hesse-Kassel]] by marriage to [[William I, Elector of Hesse]].
== Biography ==


== Life ==
She was one of the daughters of King [[Frederick V of Denmark]] (1723–1766), and his first wife [[Louise of Great Britain|Louise]] (1724–1751), daughter of King [[George II of Great Britain]].
=== Early life ===
[[File:Wilhelmine Carolina of Denmark, electress of Hesse-Kassel.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Princess Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark]]
Princess Wilhelmina Caroline was born on 10 July 1747 at [[Christiansborg Palace]], the recently completed principal residence of the [[Danish Monarchy]] on the island of [[Slotsholmen]] in central [[Copenhagen]]. She was the third child and second daughter of King [[Frederick V of Denmark]] (1723–1766), and his first spouse Queen [[Louise of Great Britain|Louise]] (1724–1751), daughter of King [[George II of Great Britain]]. She was born just under a year after her father had ascended the Danish throne.{{sfn|Bobé|1904|p=592}}


At birth, Wilhelmina Caroline had an elder sister, [[Sophia Magdalena of Denmark|Princess Sophia Magdalena]], and the family was joined by a son [[Christian VII of Denmark|Crown Prince Christian]] in 1749 and another daughter, [[Princess Louise of Denmark (1750–1831)|Princess Louise]] in 1750. In 1751, four years after Wilhelmina Caroline's birth, her mother Queen Louise died during her sixth pregnancy, just aged 27 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gravsted.dk/person.php?navn=dronninglouise5fr|title=Louise af Storbritannien|website=gravsted.dk|access-date=21 January 2022|language=da}}</ref> The following year, her father married Duchess [[Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], who gave birth to Wilhelmina Caroline's half-brother, [[Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark|Prince Frederick]] in 1753.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Holm|first=Edvard|title=Juliane Marie|url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/8/0614.html|year=1894 |journal=[[Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|Dansk biografisk Lexikon, tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537-1814]] |volume=8 |edition=1st |location=Copenhagen |publisher=Gyldendals Forlag |pages=612 |language=da }}</ref>
At [[Christiansborg Palace]] on 1 September 1764 she married [[William I, Elector of Hesse|Prince William of Hesse]], [[County of Hanau|Count of Hanau]], one of the wealthiest rulers of the period. Wilhelmina and William had grew up together and played together as children, as William had been evacuated to the Danish court during the Seven years war (1755-63), and was early decided that they should marry when they became adults. The couple settled in Hanau.


Already during her childhood, it was decided that she should marry her first cousin [[William I, Elector of Hesse|Hereditary Prince William of Hesse-Kassel]] when they became adults. Prince William's mother [[Princess Mary of Great Britain|Mary of Great Britain]] and her mother Louise were sisters, and Wilhelmina Caroline and William grew up together from 1756, after Mary, who was estranged from her husband, Landgrave [[Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel]], moved to Denmark to take care of her deceased sister's children. She brought her three sons with her, who were brought up at the Danish court, and William was introduced to Louise as a playmate during their childhood.{{sfn|Bobé|1904|p=592}}
William succeeded in 1785 as Landgrave William IX of Hesse and in 1803 was raised to the rank of Elector of Hesse-Kassel as William I. The marriage was unhappy: her spouse was unfaithful and had many lovers, notably Countess Schlotheim, whom he had appointed Countess of Hessenstien. Caroline herself was described as beautiful, distant, kind and sympathetic; in 1804, she still spoke Danish without accent and had a strong attatchment to her birth country.


Wilhelmina Caroline and William married at the [[Christiansborg Palace Chapel|chapel]] of [[Christiansborg Palace]] on 1 September 1764. One month after their wedding, they left Denmark and settled in the [[county of Hanau-Münzenberg]] which had been separated from the [[landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel]] and assigned to William. Here they took up residence in the city of [[Hanau]], where they lived with their own court.{{sfn|Bobé|1904|p=592}}
She spent the duration of the [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] (1806–13) in exile, among other places in Schleswig and in Prague. In 1813, the spouses returned to Kassel.


[[File:The family of william i elector of hesse.JPG|thumb|William IX, Wilhelmine Caroline of Denmark, and their surviving children, Wilhelm, Friederika and Caroline. Painting by [[Wilhelm Böttner]], 1791]]
Children:

* Maria Frederica (1768–1839), married [[Alexius Frederick Christian, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg]]
===Life in Hesse===
* [[Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel|Caroline Amalie (1771–1848)]], married [[Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]

* Frederick (1772–1784)
During the first years of their marriage, the relationship between Wilhelmina Caroline and William was described as happy. In 1770, six years after their marriage, Wilhelmina Caroline was visited by her brother-in-law [[Gustav III of Sweden|Crown Prince Gustav of Sweden]] and his brother Prince Frederick, and at that occasion, the marriage between her and William was favorably compared to the marriage of her sister [[Sophia Magdalena of Denmark]] and Gustav of Sweden, and a suggestion was made for her and William to visit Sweden, with the unofficial thought that their example might have a good effect on her sister and royal brother-in-law. The courtier [[:sv:Gustaf Johan Ehrensvärd|Gustaf Johan Ehrensvärd]], a member of the Swedish entourage, described Wilhelmina Caroline and William on this occasion in 1770:
* [[William II, Elector of Hesse|William II]] (1777–1847)
:"She is the sister of our Crown Princess, but as soon as she opens her mouth, the words come out different. She is charming, energetic, worshiped by her court... when the couple are with each other, they play as children, and during their games they produce one new child each year... I believe that it is the fault of the husband, when a woman, who is not of bad character, neglects him ..."<ref>Gerd Ribbing (1958). Gustav III:s hustru. Sofia Magdalena. Stockholm: Alb. Bonniers Boktryckeri. sid 178-79 ISBN (Swedish)</ref>
However, this good relationship was not to last: five years later, William had his first mistress, [[Charlotte Christine Buissine]], and after this, the marriage deteriorated with William being constantly unfaithful and introducing a succession of official mistresses at court, with Buissine followed by [[Rosa Dorothea Ritter]] and [[Karoline von Schlotheim]] and William producing a great number of illegitimate children.

Wilhelmina Caroline herself was described as beautiful, distant, kind and sympathetic: in 1804, she still spoke Danish without accent and had a strong attachment to her birth country.{{sfn|Bobé|1904|p=592-593}}

William succeeded as Landgrave William IX of Hesse-Kassel in 1785, and in 1803 was raised to the rank of Elector of Hesse as William I.

===Later life===
In 1806, Hesse was occupied by France. Her spouse and son fled to her brother-in-law Charles of Hesse in Schleswig, but she remained until a French governor was installed, after which she moved to her daughter Amalie in Gotha.<ref>
{{cite book<!--2014-05-18: Inconsistent information:title stated both "VII" and "VIII". May indicate this citation is for a different volume than now listed. The diary start date stated in the cite was used to determine which volume to use to make this cite internally consistent.-->
| page =476
| year = 1936
| volume = VII 1800–1806
| orig-year = 1800–1806
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-AEoAQAAMAAJ
| editor-first = Cecilia
| editor-last = af Klercker
| translator = Cecilia af Klercker
| first = Hedvig Elisabeth
| last = Charlottas
| author-link = Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp
| title = Hedvig Elisabeth Charlottas dagbok
|trans-title=The diary of Hedvig Elizabeth Charlotte
| publisher = P.A. Norstedt & Söners förlag
| location = Stockholm
| oclc = 14111333 <!-- OCLC for entire series. -->
| language = sv
}} ([https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Hedvig+Elisabeth+Charlottas+Dagbok&qt=results_page search for all versions on WorldCat])
</ref>

She spent the duration of the [[Kingdom of Westphalia]] (1806–13) in exile, among other places in Schleswig and in Prague. In 1813, the spouses returned to Kassel.

==Issue==
* [[Marie Friederike of Hesse-Kassel|Landgravine Marie Friederike]] (1768–1839), married [[Alexius Frederick Christian, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg]]
* [[Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel|Landgravine Karoline Amalie (1771–1848)]], married [[Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]
* Frederick (1772–1784), died in childhood
* [[William II, Elector of Hesse|William II]] (1777–1847), Elector of Hesse


==Ancestry==
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel top|width=100%}}
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=<ref>{{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA6|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|page=6}}</ref>
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|1= 1. '''Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway'''
|1= 1. '''Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark'''
|2= 2. [[Frederick V of Denmark]]
|2= 2. [[Frederick V of Denmark]]
|3= 3. [[Louise of Great Britain]]
|3= 3. [[Louise of Great Britain]]

|4= 4. [[Christian VI of Denmark]]
|4= 4. [[Christian VI of Denmark]]
|5= 5. [[Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach]]
|5= 5. [[Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach|Sophie Magdalene of Kulmbach]]
|6= 6. [[George II of Great Britain]]
|6= 6. [[George II of Great Britain]]
|7= 7. [[Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]
|7= 7. [[Caroline of Ansbach]]

|8= 8. [[Frederick IV of Denmark]]
|8= 8. [[Frederick IV of Denmark]]
|9= 9. [[Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow]]
|9= 9. [[Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow]]
|10= 10. [[Christian Heinrich of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach|Margrave Christian Heinrich of Brandenburg-Kulmbach]]
|10= 10. [[Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach]]
|11= 11. [[Countess Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein]]
|11= 11. [[Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein]]
|12= 12. [[George I of Great Britain]]
|12= 12. [[George I of Great Britain]]
|13= 13. [[Sophia Dorothea of Celle]]
|13= 13. [[Sophia Dorothea of Celle]]
|14= 14. [[Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]
|14= 14. [[John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]
|15= 15. [[Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach|Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach]]
|15= 15. [[Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach|Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach]]
}}


== References ==
|16= 16. [[Christian V of Denmark]]
=== Citations ===
|17= 17. [[Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel]]
<references/>


=== Bibliography ===
|18= 18. Duke Gustav Adolf of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
* {{Cite encyclopedia |first=Louis |last=Bobé |title=Vilhelmine Caroline |url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/18/0594.html |year=1904 |encyclopedia=[[Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|Dansk biografisk Lexikon, tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537-1814]] |editor1-last=Bricka |editor1-first=Carl Frederik |editor-link=Carl Frederik Bricka |volume=18 |edition=1st |location=Copenhagen |publisher=Gyldendals forlag |pages=592–593 |language=da }}
|19= 19. Princess Magdalene Sibylle of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
* {{ cite encyclopedia | author-first=Harald | author-last=Jørgensen | title=Vilhelmine Caroline | url=http://www.rosekamp.dk/DBL_All/DBL_25_text.pdf | editor1=Povl Engelstoft | editor2=Svend Dahl | encyclopedia=[[Dansk Biografisk Leksikon]] | edition=2nd | pages=595–596 | volume=25 | location=[[København]] | publisher=J.H. Schultz Forlag | year=1943 }}


== External links ==
|20= 20. [[Georg Albrecht of Brandenburg-Bayreuth|Margrave Georg Albrecht of Brandenburg-Bayreuth]]
{{Commons category}}
|21= 21. Princess Marie Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sondenburg-Glücksburg


{{s-start}}
|24= 24. [[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover]]
|25= 25. [[Sophia of Hanover|Countess Palatine Sophia of Simmern]]

|26= 26. [[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
|27= 27. [[Eleonore Desmier d'Olbreuse]]

|28= 28. [[Albrecht V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]
|29= 29. [[Countess Sophia Margaret of Oettingen-Oettingen]]

|30= 30. [[John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach]]
|31= 31. [[Countess Johanetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein]]
}}</center>
{{ahnentafel bottom}}

== References ==
* http://runeberg.org/dbl/18/0594.html (in Danish)

==External links==
* [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/denmark.html Royal House of Denmark]
* [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/hesse.html Landgravial House of Hesse-Kassel]

{{start box}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Oldenburg]]|10 July|1747|14 January|1820|}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Oldenburg]]|10 July|1747|14 January|1820|}}
{{s-roy|de}}
{{s-roy|de}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Margravine Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt|Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel]]|years=31 October 1785 – 1803}}
{{s-non|reason=Title abolished}}
|-
|-
{{s-non|reason=Title created}}
{{s-non|reason=Title created}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Electress|Electress of Hesse]]|years=[[1803]] – 14 January 1820}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Electress|Electress consort of Hesse]]|years=1803 – 14 January 1820}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Augusta of Prussia]]}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Princess Augusta of Prussia|Augusta of Prussia]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel]]|years=31 October 1785 – [[1803]]}}
{{s-non|reason=Title abolished}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}
{{Danish princesses}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilhelmina Caroline Of Denmark And Norway, Princess}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilhelmina Caroline Of Denmark And Norway, Princess}}
[[Category:German nobility stubs]]
[[Category:1747 births]]
[[Category:1747 births]]
[[Category:1820 deaths]]
[[Category:1820 deaths]]
[[Category:House of Oldenburg]]
[[Category:Princesses of Denmark]]
[[Category:Danish princesses]]
[[Category:Norwegian princesses]]
[[Category:Norwegian princesses]]
[[Category:Hereditary princesses of Hesse-Kassel]]
[[Category:Landgravines of Hesse-Kassel]]
[[Category:House of Hesse-Kassel]]
[[Category:House of Hesse-Kassel]]
[[Category:People from Copenhagen]]
[[Category:Electresses of Hesse]]
[[Category:19th-century German people]]

[[Category:19th-century German women]]
[[da:Vilhelmine Caroline af Danmark]]
[[Category:18th-century German people]]
[[de:Wilhelmine Karoline von Dänemark und Norwegen]]
[[Category:18th-century German women]]
[[es:Carolina Guillermina de Dinamarca]]
[[Category:18th-century Danish people]]
[[nl:Wilhelmina Caroline van Denemarken]]
[[Category:18th-century Danish women]]
[[no:Vilhelmine Caroline av Danmark]]
[[Category:19th-century Danish people]]
[[sv:Karoline av Danmark]]
[[Category:19th-century Danish women]]
[[Category:Children of Frederick V of Denmark]]
[[Category:Daughters of kings]]
[[Category:Mothers of German monarchs]]
[[Category:Daughters of dukes]]
[[Category:Daughters of counts]]

Latest revision as of 10:04, 23 October 2024

Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway
Portrait by Johann Heinrich Tischbein
Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel
Tenure31 October 1785 – 1803
Electress consort of Hesse
Tenure1803 – 14 January 1820
Born(1747-07-10)10 July 1747
Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark
Died14 January 1820(1820-01-14) (aged 72)
Kassel, Germany
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1764)​
Issue
Names
Danish: Vilhelmina Caroline
German: Wilhelmina Karolina
HouseOldenburg
FatherFrederick V of Denmark
MotherLouise of Great Britain
ReligionLutheranism
Danish Royalty
House of Oldenburg
Main Line
Frederick V
Children
Prince Christian
Sophia Magdalena, Queen of Sweden
Wilhelmina Caroline, Electress of Hesse
Christian VII
Princess Louise
Hereditary Prince Frederick
Grandchildren
Princess Juliana Marie
Christian VIII
Princess Juliana Sophie
Princess Louise Charlotte
Hereditary Prince Ferdinand

Princess Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway (Danish: Vilhelmina Karoline, German: Wilhelmina Karolina) (10 July 1747 in Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen – 14 January 1820 in Kassel), was the Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel and later the Electress of Hesse-Kassel by marriage to William I, Elector of Hesse.

Life

[edit]

Early life

[edit]
Princess Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark

Princess Wilhelmina Caroline was born on 10 July 1747 at Christiansborg Palace, the recently completed principal residence of the Danish Monarchy on the island of Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen. She was the third child and second daughter of King Frederick V of Denmark (1723–1766), and his first spouse Queen Louise (1724–1751), daughter of King George II of Great Britain. She was born just under a year after her father had ascended the Danish throne.[1]

At birth, Wilhelmina Caroline had an elder sister, Princess Sophia Magdalena, and the family was joined by a son Crown Prince Christian in 1749 and another daughter, Princess Louise in 1750. In 1751, four years after Wilhelmina Caroline's birth, her mother Queen Louise died during her sixth pregnancy, just aged 27 years.[2] The following year, her father married Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who gave birth to Wilhelmina Caroline's half-brother, Prince Frederick in 1753.[3]

Already during her childhood, it was decided that she should marry her first cousin Hereditary Prince William of Hesse-Kassel when they became adults. Prince William's mother Mary of Great Britain and her mother Louise were sisters, and Wilhelmina Caroline and William grew up together from 1756, after Mary, who was estranged from her husband, Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel, moved to Denmark to take care of her deceased sister's children. She brought her three sons with her, who were brought up at the Danish court, and William was introduced to Louise as a playmate during their childhood.[1]

Wilhelmina Caroline and William married at the chapel of Christiansborg Palace on 1 September 1764. One month after their wedding, they left Denmark and settled in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg which had been separated from the landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel and assigned to William. Here they took up residence in the city of Hanau, where they lived with their own court.[1]

William IX, Wilhelmine Caroline of Denmark, and their surviving children, Wilhelm, Friederika and Caroline. Painting by Wilhelm Böttner, 1791

Life in Hesse

[edit]

During the first years of their marriage, the relationship between Wilhelmina Caroline and William was described as happy. In 1770, six years after their marriage, Wilhelmina Caroline was visited by her brother-in-law Crown Prince Gustav of Sweden and his brother Prince Frederick, and at that occasion, the marriage between her and William was favorably compared to the marriage of her sister Sophia Magdalena of Denmark and Gustav of Sweden, and a suggestion was made for her and William to visit Sweden, with the unofficial thought that their example might have a good effect on her sister and royal brother-in-law. The courtier Gustaf Johan Ehrensvärd, a member of the Swedish entourage, described Wilhelmina Caroline and William on this occasion in 1770:

"She is the sister of our Crown Princess, but as soon as she opens her mouth, the words come out different. She is charming, energetic, worshiped by her court... when the couple are with each other, they play as children, and during their games they produce one new child each year... I believe that it is the fault of the husband, when a woman, who is not of bad character, neglects him ..."[4]

However, this good relationship was not to last: five years later, William had his first mistress, Charlotte Christine Buissine, and after this, the marriage deteriorated with William being constantly unfaithful and introducing a succession of official mistresses at court, with Buissine followed by Rosa Dorothea Ritter and Karoline von Schlotheim and William producing a great number of illegitimate children.

Wilhelmina Caroline herself was described as beautiful, distant, kind and sympathetic: in 1804, she still spoke Danish without accent and had a strong attachment to her birth country.[5]

William succeeded as Landgrave William IX of Hesse-Kassel in 1785, and in 1803 was raised to the rank of Elector of Hesse as William I.

Later life

[edit]

In 1806, Hesse was occupied by France. Her spouse and son fled to her brother-in-law Charles of Hesse in Schleswig, but she remained until a French governor was installed, after which she moved to her daughter Amalie in Gotha.[6]

She spent the duration of the Kingdom of Westphalia (1806–13) in exile, among other places in Schleswig and in Prague. In 1813, the spouses returned to Kassel.

Issue

[edit]

Ancestry

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Bobé 1904, p. 592.
  2. ^ "Louise af Storbritannien". gravsted.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  3. ^ Holm, Edvard (1894). "Juliane Marie". Dansk biografisk Lexikon, tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537-1814 (in Danish). 8 (1st ed.). Copenhagen: Gyldendals Forlag: 612.
  4. ^ Gerd Ribbing (1958). Gustav III:s hustru. Sofia Magdalena. Stockholm: Alb. Bonniers Boktryckeri. sid 178-79 ISBN (Swedish)
  5. ^ Bobé 1904, p. 592-593.
  6. ^ Charlottas, Hedvig Elisabeth (1936) [1800–1806]. af Klercker, Cecilia (ed.). Hedvig Elisabeth Charlottas dagbok [The diary of Hedvig Elizabeth Charlotte] (in Swedish). Vol. VII 1800–1806. Translated by Cecilia af Klercker. Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Söners förlag. p. 476. OCLC 14111333. (search for all versions on WorldCat)
  7. ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 6.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark.
Princess Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark
Born: 10 July 1747 Died: 14 January 1820
German royalty
Preceded by Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel
31 October 1785 – 1803 		Title abolished
Title created Electress consort of Hesse
1803 – 14 January 1820 		Vacant
Title next held by
Augusta of Prussia
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