Jabalpur: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|City in Madhya Pradesh, India}} |
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{{About|the municipality in Madhya Pradesh India|its namesake district|Jabalpur District}} |
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{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} |
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|native_name = Jabalpur |
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{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}} |
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|locator_position = left |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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|latd = 23 | latm = 9 | lats = 38 |
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| name = Jabalpur |
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| official_name = |
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|state_name = Madhya Pradesh |
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| native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> |
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|district = [[Jabalpur district|Jabalpur]] |
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| native_name_lang = Hindi |
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|leader_title = Mayor |
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| other_name = Jubbulpore |
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|leader_name = Prabhat Sahu |
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| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]] |
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|altitude = 411 |
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| image_skyline = {{Photo montage |
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|population_as_of = 2001 |
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| size=265 |
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|population_total = 1117200 |
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| color=transparent |
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|population_density = 110 |
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| photo1a=Marble Rocks - Jabalpur.jpg |
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|area_magnitude = |
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| photo2a=The Madan Mahal Fort Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh India DSC.00023.jpg |
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|area_total = 10000 |
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| photo2b=Dhuandhar Waterfalls.jpg |
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|area_telephone = 0761 |
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| photo3a=Jabalpur Engineering College (JEC)'s Admin Building.jpg |
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|postal_code = 482 00x |
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| photo3b=St. Aloysius Senior Secondary School.jpg |
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|vehicle_code_range = MP-20 |
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| photo4a=MP HIGH COURT JABALPUR - panoramio.jpg |
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|footnotes = |
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| photo5a=Jabalpur_Airport_New_Terminal.jpg |
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}} |
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| image_caption = ''(Colockwise from top to bottom):'' [[Bhedaghat]], [[Dhuandhar Falls]], [[St. Aloysius Senior Secondary School]], [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]], [[Jabalpur Airport]], [[Jabalpur Engineering College]], [[Madan Mahal|Madan Mahal Fort]]. |
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| nickname = |
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| map_caption = Location of Jabalpur in India |
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| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India |
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| pushpin_label_position = left |
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| coordinates = {{coord|23|10|N|79|56|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = State |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of Madhya Pradesh.svg|Emblem of Madhya Pradesh}} [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Jabalpur district|Jabalpur]] |
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| established_title = <!-- Established --> |
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| established_date = |
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| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]] |
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| governing_body = [[Jabalpur Municipal Corporation]] |
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| leader_title = Mayor |
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| leader_name = Jagat Bahadur Singh<ref>{{cite news |title=Jabalpur Nagar Nigam Result: कांग्रेस ने भेदा बीजेपी का किला, महापौर चुनाव में जगत बहादुर सिंह अन्नू की जीत |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/mp/jabalpur-nagar-nigam-nikay-chunav-result-jagat-bahadur-singh-annu-dr-jitendra-jamdar-apmp/1262171 |access-date=17 July 2022 |work=Zee News |date=17 July 2022 |language=hi}}</ref> |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
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| area_total_km2 = 263.49 |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name='Jabalpur City'>{{cite web|title=Jabalpur City|url=https://blog.mygov.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Final_Jabalpur-Smart-City-Proposal_Mygov.pdf|access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 412 |
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| population_total = 1,055,525 |
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| population_as_of = 2011 |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="census_city">{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2322_PART_B_DCHB_INDORE.pdf |title=District Census Handbook, Indore |access-date=23 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531083016/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2322_PART_B_DCHB_INDORE.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2334_PART_B_DCHB_JABALPUR.pdf |title=Jabalpur district |work=2011 Census of India |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114001414/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2334_PART_B_DCHB_JABALPUR.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="1Lakhandabove">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |page=3 |title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_metro = 1,267,564 |
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| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="census_metro">{{cite web |url=http://censusmp.nic.in/censusmp/All-PDF/Workshop%20at%20Admn.Academy%20-%2013%20Nov.%202014/04.%20Urban-data.ppt |title=Presentation on Towns and Urban Agglomerations |work=Census of India 2011 |access-date=13 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314015213/http://censusmp.nic.in/censusmp/All-PDF/Workshop%20at%20Admn.Academy%20-%2013%20Nov.%202014/04.%20Urban-data.ppt |archive-date=14 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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| population_rank = [[List of most populous cities in India|38th]] |
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| population_blank1_title = Metro rank |
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| population_blank1 = [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|38th]] |
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| population_demonyms = Jabalpurians, Jabalpuriya, Jabalpurites |
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| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |
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| utc_offset1 = +5:30 |
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| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] |
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| postal_code = 482001 to 482011 |
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| area_code = 0761 |
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| area_code_type = Telephone code |
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| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]] |
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| registration_plate = MP-20 |
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| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] |
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| blank1_info_sec1 = 929 [[female|♀]] / 1000 [[male|♂]] |
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| website = {{URL|https://jabalpur.nic.in}} |
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| footnotes = {{Reflist|group=upper-alpha}} |
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| leader_title3 = [[Municipal commissioner]] |
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| leader_name3 = Swapnil Wankhade IAS |
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| leader_title4 = MP |
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| leader_name4 = [[Ashish Dubey]] |
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| blank3_name = [[Languages of India|Official language]] |
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| blank3_info = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=25 May 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Literacy Rate|Average Literacy Rate]] |
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| blank2_info_sec1 = 82.13% |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Jabalpur''' ({{lang-hi|जबलपुर}}) is a city in the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in India. Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of [[Jabalpur district]] and [[Jabalpur division]]. Jabalpur is located in the [[Mahakaushal]] region in the geographic center of India. Jabalpur is one of the largest cities in Madhya Pradesh. Jabalpur was the 27th largest urban [[conurbation]] in India in 2001 (2001 Census)<ref name=autogenerated3>[http://des.delhigovt.nic.in/Census2001/urbanplus.htm List of Million Plus Urban Agglomerations Cities<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. On a global scale, Jabalpur was the 325th largest city or urban area in the world in 2006 <ref name=autogenerated2>http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_2006_4.html/</ref> and Jabalpur it is estimated to be 294th largest city in the world by 2020<ref name=autogenerated9>http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_2020_3.html/</ref>. Jabalpur stands 121st in term of the fastest growing cities and urban areas in the world in 2006<ref name=autogenerated5>http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth2.html/</ref>. Jabalpur is the first district in India to have obtained the comprehensive '''ISO-9001''' certificate. This came into force from April 1, 2007<ref name=autogenerated4>[http://jabalpur.nic.in/ISO.htm Government of India - Districts of Madhya Pradesh - Jabalpur - CM Anudan<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. |
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'''Jabalpur''', formerly '''Jubbulpore''', is a city situated on the banks of [[Narmada River]] in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. It is the 3rd-largest urban agglomeration of the state and the 38th-largest of the country. Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of the [[Jabalpur district]] and the [[Jabalpur division]]. It is the judicial capital of Madhya Pradesh with [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] being located in the city. It is generally accepted that the game of [[snooker]] originated in Jabalpur.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.titansports.co.uk/history/snooker.htm |title=The History of Snooker |publisher=Titansports.co.uk |access-date=1 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021217110948/http://www.titansports.co.uk/history/snooker.htm |archive-date=17 December 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jabalpur is also the railway headquarters of the [[West Central Railway]]. [[Jabalpur Cantonment]] is one of the largest cantonments in India and houses the army headquarters of five states ([[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Orissa]], [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]]). The city is known for the [[Marble Rocks|marble rocks]] on the river Narmada at [[Bhedaghat]]. It is also known as 'Sanskardhani' meaning 'The Cultural Capital' highlighting the city's rich cultural and historical heritage. The city of Jabalpur was among the first 7 smart cities selected for the [[Smart Cities Mission]]. |
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Jabalpur is one of the highest income tax paying cities in India since the headquarters of many important Central & State Departments are situated there and thousands of government employees are employed. |
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Jabalpur also houses the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]. It was called Sanskardhani by Vinoba Bhave. |
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== |
== Etymology == |
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According to a prevalent theory, Jabalpur was named after a sage named Jabali, who meditated on the banks of the Narmada river. Another theory suggests an [[Arabic]] origin of the word since {{lang|ar-Latn|jabal}} ({{lang|ar|جبل}}) in Arabic means granite boulders or huge boulders, which were common in the region. According to a fringe theory, the name refers to ''Jauli Pattala'', a sub-divisional unit, mentioned in [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri]] inscriptions. Jauli also refers to the [[Huna people|Huna]] queen of the Kalachuri king, Karna. It was spelled as ''Jubbulpore'' during British rule<ref>{{cite news |last=Chibber |first=Nanditta |date=27 November 2018 |title=MP Trail: When two Britishers disagreed on the name of Jabalpur |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/heritage/mp-trail-when-two-britishers-disagreed-on-the-name-of-jabalpur/cid/1676744 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=9 December 2019 }}</ref> |
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Jabalpur is located in the Mahakoshal region in the geographic center of India. Jabalpur is one of the largest city in Madhya Pradesh. It was the 27th largest urban conglomeration in India in 2001 (2001 Census)<ref name=autogenerated3 />. On a global scale, Jabalpur was the 325th largest city or urban area in the world in 2006 <ref name=autogenerated2 /> and Jabalpur it is estimated to be 294th largest city in the world by 2020<ref name=autogenerated9 /> . Jabalpur stands 120 in term of the fastest growing cities and urban areas in the world in 2006<ref name=autogenerated5 />. Jabalpur is the first district in India to have obtained the comprehensive '''ISO-9001''' certificate. This has come into force from April 1, 2007<ref name=autogenerated4 />. |
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In 2006, the Jabalpur Municipal Corporation renamed the city to Jabalpur.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Now-Indore-to-become-Indur-Bhopal-Bhojpal/articleshow/828162.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Now, Indore to become Indur, Bhopal Bhojpal |date=18 December 2006 |access-date=2 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028143807/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Now-Indore-to-become-Indur-Bhopal-Bhojpal/articleshow/828162.cms |archive-date=28 October 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Jabalpur also houses the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]].It is known as the judicial capital of Madhya Pradesh. The main bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court sits in Jabalpur. The numerous gorges in the neighbouring rocks surround the city with a series of lakes, which are shaded by trees and add much greenery to the suburbs. However, many of these lakes now have been encroached upon for the purpose of fishing or for building works, although the greenery still exists. |
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== History == |
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The city itself dates from the nineteenth century. It has a beautiful collection of [[Marble Rocks]] called [[Bhedaghat]] bordering the holy [[Narmada River]]<ref name=autogenerated11>[http://www.jabalpurcity.com/ JabalpurCity, Jabalpur city, Jabalpurcity.com, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, M.P. India<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. Many visitors every year come to visit Jabalpur because of this major attraction. Jabalpur is zonal headquarters for the western central division of Indian railways. |
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Mythology describes three [[Asura]]s (evil spirits) in the Jabalpur region, who were defeated by the Hindu god [[Shiva]]. [[Tripurasura]] being the main asura, gave the city its ''puranic'' name Tripur Tirth.<ref name="city">{{cite book |title=Jabalpur, City Guide |date=2008 |publisher=Goodearth Publications |isbn=978-81-87780-73-1 |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiOyJuxqZv4C&pg=PA8 |language=en}}</ref> [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Tripuri region]] corresponds to the ancient [[Chedi Kingdom]] of Mahabharata times, to which king [[Shishupala]] belongs. |
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[[Ashoka]]n relics dating to 300 BCE have been found in Rupnath, {{convert|84|km|mi}} north of the city, indicating the presence of the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan Empire]] (322 to 185 BCE) in the region.<ref name="city" /> When the empire fell, Jabalpur became a [[city-state]] before coming under the rule of the [[Satavahana dynasty]] (230 BCE to 220 CE). After their reign, the region was ruled locally by the Bodhis and the Senas, following which it became a [[vassal state]] of the [[Gupta Empire]] (320 to 550).<ref name="city"/> |
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Jabalpur has a big Defence and Military Centre - HQ of the [[MPBO]] Area, the headquarters of [[West Central Railway]] Zone<ref name=autogenerated11 />, the [[Madhya Pradesh]] State Electricity Board,<ref>[http://www.mp.nic.in/energy/mpseb/ Madhya Pradesh Portal<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and the Madhya Pradesh High Courts.<ref>[http://mphighcourt.nic.in/ High Court Of Madhya Pradesh : Jabalpur<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It is also known for housing spiritual leaders like [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] of [[Transcendental Meditation]] and [[Bhagwan Rajneesh]]<ref name=autogenerated11 />. |
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The region was conquered by the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri Dynasty]] in 875 CE. The best known Kalachuri ruler was Yuvaraja-Deva I ({{abbr|r.|reigned}} 915–945), who married Nohla Devi (a princess of the [[Chalukya dynasty]]).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mirashi |first1=V. V. |title=YUVARĀJADEVA I OF TRIPURI |journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |date=1930 |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=361–373 |jstor=41688193 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41688193 |issn=0378-1143}}</ref> One of the Kalachuri ministers, Golok Simha Kayastha, was instrumental in founding the [[Chausath Yogini Temple, Jabalpur|Chausath Yogini Temple]] near [[Bhedaghat]]. His descendants include Bhoj Simha, who was the [[Dewan]] to the Gond king [[Sangram Shah]] (1491–1543); Dewan Aadhar Singh Kayastha, who was the prime minister to [[Rani Durgavati]] (r. 1550–1564),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jāyasavāla |first1=Kalpanā |title=Rānī Durgāvatī aura unakā śāsanakāla |date=1998 |publisher=Nārdarna Buka Seṅṭara |isbn=978-81-7211-072-7 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_oduAAAAMAAJ |language=hi}}</ref> and Beohar Raghuvir Sinha, the last [[Jagir]]dar of Jabalpur who reigned until 1947.{{Citation needed span|text=|date=May 2022}} |
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==History== |
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The name of the city Jabalpur comes from a combination of the Arabic word Jabal= Mountain and the Sanskrit word Pura = city. Jabal is also the root word in the name of Gibraltar which was originally called Jebel al Tariq (Tariq's Mountain). |
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It is believed that Jabalpur is the ''tapasya bhumi'' of a mythological figure known as sage Jabalie, from whom the name Jabalpur is derived. [[Ashoka]]n relics have been found. Later on it was the capital of the famous [[Tripuri kingdom]] in the (9th–10th centuries):- |
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=== Gondwana rule === |
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In AD 875, it was taken over by the [[Kalachuri]] dynasty who made Jabalpur their capital. In the 13th century, the [[Gond]]s seized it and made it their capital. Inscriptions record the existence during the 11th and 12th centuries of a local line of princes of the [[Haihai]] people who are closely connected with the history of [[Gondwana (India)|Gondwana]]. |
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[[File:Maharani Durgavati.jpg|thumb|Rani Durgavati preparing for the battle of Narrai; fresco by Beohar Rammanohar Sinha in Jabalpur's Shaheed-Smarak]] |
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Jabalpur was an important centre of power during the rule of the [[Gondi people|Gond]] kings of [[Garha-Mandla]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jabalpur.nic.in/en/history/|title=History | District Administration Jabalpur, Government of Madhya Pradesh | India}}</ref> |
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The ruler of [[Garha-Mandla]], Madan Shah, (1138–1157) built a watchtower and a small hilltop fort at [[Madan Mahal, Jabalpur|Madan Mahal]], an area in Jabalpur. In the 1500s, the Gond king, [[Sangram Shah]] held [[Singorgarh fort]]. [[Rani Durgawati]] was a princess of the [[Chandela dynasty#Descendants|Chandela Dynasty]] who was married to [[Dalpat Shah]] of the [[Garha-Mandla|Gond dynasty]]. She was well aware of the importance of water conservation, and hence she built more than 85 ponds in Jabalpur, mainly in Ranital, Haathital, Madhatal and Hanumantal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindujagruti.org/articles/84_rani-durgavati-gondwana.html|title=Gondwana rulers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171922/https://www.hindujagruti.org/articles/84_rani-durgavati-gondwana.html|archive-date=7 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The Gond king, [[Hridayshah|Hriday Shah]] (1634-1668), moved his court to the [[Ramnagar, Madhya Pradesh|Mandla]] fort. He secured water sources and built irrigation structures. The kingdom was invaded in 1742 by the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha]] [[peshwa]] (prime minister), [[Balaji Baji Rao]] along with Visaji Chandorkar, the [[Marathas of Saugor|Maratha governor of Sagar]], and made a tributary state of the [[Maratha Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Indian Dissertation Abstracts |date=1988 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yu8agexm5TUC&q=govind+pant+bundele+sagar |language=en}}</ref><ref name="seoni">{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |title=Madhya Pradesh: Seoni |date=1989 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyVuAAAAMAAJ&q=bakht+buland+shah |language=en}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Jabalpur, India - Madan Mahal, c.1865.jpg|thumb|Madan Mahal, the palace of [[Durgavati|Rani Durgavati]] in Jabalpur, c.1865.]]In the 16th century the [[Gond]] raja of [[Garha-Mandla]] extended his power over fifty-two districts, including the present Jabalpur. During the minority of his grandson, Asaf Khan, the viceroy of Kara Manikpur, conquered the Garha principality and held it at first as an independent chief. Eventually he submitted to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Akbar]]. From time to time, the Mughal rulers tried to overrun it. The legendary Gond Queen [[Durgavati|Rani Durgavati]] also died fighting the Mughal forces led by the great Mughal Emperor Akbar. |
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=== Maratha rule === |
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The Mughal Empire, however, enjoyed little more than a nominal supremacy; and the princes of Garha-Mandla maintained a practical independence until their subjugation by the [[Maratha]] governors of [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] in 1781. In 1798 the Maratha [[Peshwa]] granted the Narmada valley to the [[Bhonsle]] princes of [[Nagpur]], who continued to hold the district until the British occupied it in 1818 after defeating the Marathas. The British made Jabalpur the commission headquarters of the Narmada territories and established a cantonment here. |
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The [[Marathas of Saugor|Maratha rulers of Sagar]] finally annexed the weakened [[Garha Kingdom]] in 1781.<ref>Chatterton, Eyre (originally published in 1917) ''The Story of Gondwana'', p.98</ref> Around 1798, the Maratha [[Peshwa]] gave the [[Narmada River|Nerbuddah valley]] to the [[Nagpur Kingdom|Bhonsle kings of Nagpur]], who ruled the area until 1818, when it was seized by the [[British East India Company]] after the [[Battle of Sitabuldi]].<ref Name = "imperial">Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908). ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Volume 17. 1908-1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford.</ref> |
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=== British rule === |
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Under the British ''Raj'', Jabalpur, usually spelt Jubbulpore, became the capital of the [[Saugor and Nerbudda Territories]], which was part of the British [[North-Western Provinces]]. At that time it became infamous for the ''[[Thuggee]]'' murders, but made more famous by the man who suppressed thugee, Col. [[William Henry Sleeman|Sleeman]], who was also appointed commissioner at Jabalpur. The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories became part of the new [[Central Provinces]] in 1861 which in 1903 became the [[Central Provinces and Berar]]. By the early 20th Century Jabalpur was the headquarters of a brigade in the 5th division of the Southern Army. |
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The British made Jabalpur the commission headquarters of the Narmada territories and established a cantonment here. Under the British Raj, Jabalpur became the capital of the [[Saugor and Nerbudda Territories]], which was part of the British North-Western Province. The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories became part of the new [[Central Provinces]] in 1861 which in 1903 became the Central Provinces and [[Berar Division|Berar]]. By the early 20th Century Jabalpur was the headquarters of a brigade in the 5th division of the Southern Army. |
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A significant event was the Tripuri Congress session in 1939, led by [[Subhash Chandra Bose]]. Under the guidance of [[Lokmanya Tilak]], the [[Flag Satyagraha]] was successfully launched. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] visited Jabalpur four times. The Congress session in 1939, where Subhash Chandra Bose was elected president against Gandhi's wishes, was notable for its debates on strategies for India's independence. A memorial gate, Kamania Gate, was built in the city to commemorate these events. |
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An important landmark event was the holding of the Tripuri Congress session in 1939 that was presided over by [[Subhash Chandra Bose]]. |
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Politically under [[Lokmanya Tilak]]'s direction Jhanda Satyagraha was launched with success (who visited 3 times) [[Mahatma Gandhi]] visited 4 times and famous Congress session was held at Tripuri (Jabalpur) in 1939 when Subhash Chandra Bose was elected the Congress President against the wishes of Mahatma Gandhi. A memorial Kamania gate was erected in city. |
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After India's independence in 1947, the Central Provinces and Berar became the |
After India's independence in 1947, the [[Central Provinces and Berar]] became the state of Madhya Pradesh. |
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Under British rule, and among others in the works of [[Rudyard Kipling|Kipling]], the city name was spelled ''Jubbulpore''. |
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==Geography== |
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Jabalpur is located at {{Coord|23.17|N|79.95|E|}}.The central point of India is located in Jabalpur district<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Jabalpur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Jabalpur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 411 [[metre]]s (1348 [[foot (length)|feet]]). |
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The city's institutional buildings still showcase the [[British colonial architecture]]. |
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The map of Jabalpur can be seen here at <ref>[http://mapmyindia.com/index.html?app=&q%3Dmap%26addr%3Djabalpur%26sta%3DMP&x=-1111892&y=5575669&z=7&licKey=ed24f1c04c6562b128091ad1a7ec58e2 Jabalpur on MapmyIndia.com]</ref> |
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== |
==Geography== |
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=== Climate === |
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The exceptional [[Topography]] of Jabalpur with hills all around the city gives it a picturesque setting. Some Hindi movies like Jis desh main ganga behti hai, Ashoka etc. have been shot here. The picturesque setting though is a nightmare for town planners and developers. The [[Central Railways]] has constructed railway lines winding along these hills, somewhat akin to a horseshoe. The hills of Jabalpur, with varied mineral content are a popular destination for [[Geologists]] and [[Archaeologists]]. [[Palaeontologist]], with the finding of a fossilised [[Dinosaur]] in the area. |
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The topography of Jabalpur is unique. The city is surrounded by low, rocky, and barren hillocks. Some of which form a barrier for continuous development of urban form and restrict inter-links between various parts of the city. Kariapather hillock to the north-east, Sita Pahad and Kandhari hills to the east, Madan Mahal hills and rocks outcrops to the south-west. Railway line girding the city like a "horse shoe" had its due influence in the growth of urban form. The main water reservoir of Khandari and Pariyat are located to the north-east direction of the city. Recently water is also drawn from [[Narmada River]] by Public Health Dept. |
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The main crops are wheat, rice, pulses, oilseeds, maize etc. Nearby is Bargi Dam on the river Narmada for irrigation, water supply and power generation. The town is surrounded by several lakes and water tank used for culture in them and in rivers. Besides the area is rich in limestone, refractory clay, bauxite, iron ore, manganese and other deposits. Three Cement plants several fireclay refractories lime stone kilns and good industrial estates nearby. Beside defence factories like GCF, Vehicle factory, G.I.F. and Ordnance factory depot. |
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==Climate== |
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{{climate chart |
{{climate chart |
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|Jabalpur |
| Jabalpur |
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| 8|24|19 |
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| 11|28|16 |
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| 16|34|16 |
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| 21|39|5 |
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| 26|42|11 |
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| 26|38|169 |
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|24| |
| 24|31|382 |
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| 23|29|458 |
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|23| |
| 23|31|188 |
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| 19|32|39 |
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| 12|29|12 |
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| 9|25|11 |
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|source=[http://www. |
| source = [http://www.mausam.gov.in/WEBIMD/ClimatologicalAction.do?function=getStationDetails&actionParam=1¶m=2&station=Jabalpur IMD] |
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|float=right |
| float = right |
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|clear=none |
| clear = none |
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}} |
}} |
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Jabalpur has a |
Jabalpur has a [[humid subtropical climate]] typical of north-central India (Madhya Pradesh and southern [[Uttar Pradesh]]). Summer begins in late March, lasting until June. May is the hottest month, with an average temperature exceeding {{convert|40|°C}}. Summer is followed by the [[Monsoon|southwest monsoon]], which lasts until early October and produces {{convert|35|in|mm|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} of rain from July to September. The average annual precipitation is nearly {{convert|1386|mm|abbr=on}}. The Winter begins in late November and lasts until early March. January is the coldest month, with an average daily temperature near {{convert|15|°C}}. |
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{{Weather box |
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==Demographics== |
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| location = [[Jabalpur Airport]] (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present) |
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{{As of|2001}} India [[census]]<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref>, Jabalpur had a population of 1276853. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Jabalpur has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 70%. In Jabalpur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Jabalpur is among the cities having Million plus population in India according to the 2001 Census. |
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| width = auto |
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| metric first = yes |
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| single line = yes |
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| Jan record high C = 33.4 |
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| Feb record high C = 37.6 |
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| Mar record high C = 41.2 |
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| Apr record high C = 45.4 |
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| May record high C = 46.7 |
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| Jun record high C = 46.8 |
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| Jul record high C = 41.7 |
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| Aug record high C = 37.8 |
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| Sep record high C = 37.4 |
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| Oct record high C = 37.9 |
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| Nov record high C = 35.8 |
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| Dec record high C = 33.2 |
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| year record high C = 46.7 |
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| Jan high C = 24.3 |
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| Feb high C = 27.9 |
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| Mar high C = 33.3 |
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| Apr high C = 38.5 |
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| May high C = 41.3 |
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| Jun high C = 37.6 |
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| Jul high C = 31.3 |
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| Aug high C = 29.9 |
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| Sep high C = 31.3 |
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| Oct high C = 31.8 |
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| Nov high C = 29.1 |
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| Dec high C = 25.8 |
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| year high C = 31.8 |
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|Jan mean C = 17.1 |
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|Feb mean C = 20.7 |
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|Mar mean C = 25.9 |
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|Apr mean C = 31.0 |
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|May mean C = 34.6 |
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|Jun mean C = 31.8 |
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|Jul mean C = 27.4 |
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|Aug mean C = 26.6 |
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|Sep mean C = 27.3 |
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|Oct mean C = 25.9 |
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|Nov mean C = 21.9 |
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|Dec mean C = 18.0 |
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| Jan low C = 10.7 |
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| Feb low C = 13.6 |
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| Mar low C = 18.2 |
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| Apr low C = 23.3 |
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| May low C = 27.4 |
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| Jun low C = 27.0 |
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| Jul low C = 24.7 |
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| Aug low C = 24.1 |
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| Sep low C = 23.7 |
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| Oct low C = 20.3 |
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| Nov low C = 15.0 |
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| Dec low C = 11.0 |
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| year low C = 19.9 |
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| Jan record low C = 1.1 |
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| Feb record low C = 0.0 |
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| Mar record low C = 3.3 |
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| Apr record low C = 10.6 |
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| May record low C = 17.2 |
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| Jun record low C = 19.0 |
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| Jul record low C = 20.6 |
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| Aug record low C = 18.3 |
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| Sep record low C = 16.7 |
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| Oct record low C = 10.5 |
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| Nov record low C = 3.9 |
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| Dec record low C = 0.6 |
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| year record low C = 0.0 |
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| rain colour = green |
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| Jan rain mm = 17.6 |
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| Feb rain mm = 19.7 |
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| Mar rain mm = 18.2 |
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| Apr rain mm = 6.8 |
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| May rain mm = 11.9 |
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| Jun rain mm = 164.2 |
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| Jul rain mm = 429.8 |
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| Aug rain mm = 443.0 |
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| Sep rain mm = 213.7 |
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| Oct rain mm = 30.0 |
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| Nov rain mm = 10.0 |
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| Dec rain mm = 2.9 |
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| year rain mm = 1367.8 |
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| Jan rain days = 1.4 |
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| Feb rain days = 1.7 |
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| Mar rain days = 1.6 |
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| Apr rain days = 0.8 |
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| May rain days = 1.1 |
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| Jun rain days = 7.5 |
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| Jul rain days = 15.6 |
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| Aug rain days = 15.5 |
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| Sep rain days = 9.5 |
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| Oct rain days = 2.0 |
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| Nov rain days = 0.7 |
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| Dec rain days = 0.4 |
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| year rain days = 57.7 |
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| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |
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| Jan humidity = 47 |
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| Feb humidity = 38 |
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| Mar humidity = 27 |
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| Apr humidity = 21 |
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| May humidity = 21 |
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| Jun humidity = 49 |
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| Jul humidity = 73 |
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| Aug humidity = 79 |
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| Sep humidity = 69 |
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| Oct humidity = 52 |
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| Nov humidity = 51 |
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| Dec humidity = 49 |
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| year humidity = 48 |
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|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDcityrainfall> |
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{{cite web |url=https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42867 |title=Nagpur(42867) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date = 9 August 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMDcityextremes2> |
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{{cite web |
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| url = https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230101061732/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf |
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| archive-date = 1 January 2023 |
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| title = Climatological Tables 1991-2020 |
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| publisher = India Meteorological Department |
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| access-date = 1 January 2023 |
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| page = 21}}</ref> |
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| source 2 =Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1> |
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{{cite web |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221201155746/https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42675 |
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| archive-date = 1 December 2022 |
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| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42675 |
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| title = Normals Data: Jabalpur - India Latitude: 23.20°N Longitude: 79.95°E Height: 397 (m) |
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| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency |
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| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref>}}Jabalpur has been ranked 2nd <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}</ref>best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' |
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== |
===Flora and fauna=== |
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====Extinct species==== |
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The city is considered{{Who|date=November 2009}} to be a base for higher education. This was true particularly in earlier years. In the fifties and sixties, the colleges were widely known and famous in Madhya Pradesh and outside. {{Citation needed|date=November 2009}} |
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A species of [[noasaurid]] [[theropod]] dinosaur named ''[[Laevisuchus indicus]]'' was discovered near Jabalpur in 1917 by [[Charles Alfred Matley]] and described by [[Friedrich von Huene]] and Matley in 1932.<ref name="Carrano">{{cite journal |last1=Carrano |first1=Matthew T. |last2=Wilson |first2=Jeffrey A. |last3=Barrett |first3=Paul M. |title=The history of dinosaur collecting in central India, 1828–1947 |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |date=January 2010 |volume=343 |issue=1 |pages=161–173 |doi=10.1144/SP343.9 |bibcode=2010GSLSP.343..161C |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/11273/paleo_Carrano_10.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref> Another small dinosaur discovered at that time by Friedrich von Huene and described by the team in 1932, named ''[[Jubbulpuria tenuis]]'', was categorised as [[junior synonym]] of ''Laevisuchus indicus'' in 2024.<ref name="Carrano"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mohabey |first1=Dhananjay M. |last2=Samant |first2=Bandana |last3=Vélez-Rosado |first3=Kevin I. |last4=Wilson Mantilla |first4=Jeffrey A. |title=A review of small-bodied theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of India, with description of new cranial remains of a noasaurid (Theropoda: Abelisauria) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |date=7 February 2024 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2288088 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2023.2288088 |language=en |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> |
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{{Main|List of educational institutions in Jabalpur}} |
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== |
== Demographics == |
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{{bar box |
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| title = Religions in Jabalpur city<ref name=census2011>{{cite web |title=Jabalpur District Religion Data - Census 2011 |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/318-jabalpur.html |website=www.census2011.co.in |access-date=13 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195556/http://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/318-jabalpur.html |archive-date=6 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| titlebar = #Fcd116 |
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| left1 = Religion |
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| right1 = Percent |
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| float = right |
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| bars = |
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{{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]] |orange|79.39}} |
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{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|green|15.03}} |
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{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]] |pink|2.26}} |
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{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]] | blue|1.59}} |
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{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]] | red|1.05}} |
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{{bar percent|No religion stated|grey|0.31}} |
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{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] | orange|0.34}} |
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{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.03}} |
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| caption = Distribution of religions |
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}} |
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{{Bar chart |
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Jabalpur district with River [[Narmada]] bringing in fresh water from the [[Vindyachal]] Ranges has developed into an [[agrarian]] economy. The land of the Narmada basin with its fertile [[alluvial]] soil gives good yields of sorghum, wheat, rice and millets in the villages around Jabalpur. The State of Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of Soybeans and the district of Jabalpur occupies a place of pride in agriculture production. |
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| title = Population Growth Since 2011 Census<ref>{{cite web |title=Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html?cityid=2983 |website=www.citypopulation.de |access-date=13 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913002502/http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html?cityid=2983 |archive-date=13 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| label_type = Year |
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| data_type = Population |
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| bar_width = 35 |
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| width_units = em |
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| data_max = 1500000 |
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| label1 = 2011 |
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| data1 = 1,268,848 |
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| label2 = 2012 |
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| data2 = 1,295,000 |
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| label3 = 2013 |
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| data3 = 1,320,000 |
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| label4 = 2014 |
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| data4 = 1,360,000 |
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| label5 = 2015 |
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| data5 = 1,385,000 |
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| label6 = 2016 |
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| data6 = 1,400,000 |
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| label7 = 2017 |
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| data7 = 1,440,000 |
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| label8 = 2018 |
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| data8 = 1,450,000 |
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}} |
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In the 2011 India census, the Jabalpur city (the area covered by the municipal corporation) recorded a population of 1,081,677.<ref name="census_2011" /> The Jabalpur metropolitan area (urban agglomeration) recorded a population of 1,268,848.<ref name="1Lakhandabove" /> |
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Important among commercial crops are pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugar cane and medicinal crops. The state is poised for a breakthrough in soybean cultivation. In the state [[Kharif]] crops occupy 60% and [[Rabi]] crops 40% area with 71.4% area under food grain production. Nearly 59% of landholders are marginal whereas small farmers share 18% of farmland. Low literacy (35.45%), undulating topography, large waste land (13.2%), under developed irrigation potential (23%), low ground water utilization, large proportion of rain fed agriculture (75%), practice of Kharif fallows (3.6%), low cropping intensity (131%), low fertilizer consumption (50 kg/ha), high proportion of low value crops, and high population of low productive live stock are the major constraints of the state. |
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[[File:Jabalpurheart.jpg|thumb|Bada Fuhara and Kamania Gate in the heart of old Jabalpur city]] |
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== Economy == |
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Jabalpur has a variety of Industries too. Most of these have their bases in mineral substances of economic value found in the district. Ready-made garments industry is one of the most popular and profitable business in Jabalpur. Bidi manufacturing, lime stone related industries, Electrical goods, Saw mills, Food Processing Industries are the major business areas in this region. Some other industries are Telephone Parts, Furniture, Building Materials, Ammunitions and glassware. |
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[[File:Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ)'s Matang Truck for the Indian Army.jpg|thumb|[[VFJ|Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ)]]'s Matang truck]] |
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===Agriculture=== |
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The Narmada river bringing in freshwater from the Vindyachal Ranges has developed Jabalpur district into an agrarian economy. The land of the Narmada basin with its fertile alluvial soil gives good yields of sorghum, wheat, rice, and millet in the villages around Jabalpur. |
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Important among commercial crops are pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugar cane, and medicinal crops. The state is poised for a breakthrough in soybean cultivation.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} In Kharif crops occupy 60% and Rabi crops 40% area with 71.4% area under food grain production. Nearly 59% of landholders are marginal whereas small farmed share 18% of farmland. |
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===Industries=== |
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The Defence establishments started in the early 20th century. Jabalpur has four Ordnance Factories. The [[Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur|Gun Carriage Factory]] was started in the year 1904 well equipped and manufacture gun parts, mounting, shells and a variety of the other product for war purpose. [[Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ)]]<ref name=autogenerated10>[http://ofbindia.gov.in/index.php?wh=ourunits Indian Ordnance Factories: Our Factories<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> was started as manufacturer of trucks named ''Shaktimann''. Other two are ''Grey Iron Foundry (GIF)'' and ''Ordnance Factory Khamaria (OFK)''<ref name=autogenerated10 />. |
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Jabalpur has a variety of industries largely based in mineral substances of economic value found in the district, although the ready-made garments industry is a substantial portion of production in Jabalpur. |
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Defence establishments started in the early 20th century. Jabalpur has [[Vehicle Factory Jabalpur]], Grey Iron Foundry, [[Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur]] and [[Ordnance Factory Khamaria]] which belong to the [[Ordnance Factories Board]] manufacturing various products for the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. The Gun Carriage Factory was started in the year 1904 is well equipped and manufacture gun parts, mounting, shells, and a variety of the other product for war purposes. Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ) was started as a manufacturer of trucks and other defence vehicles. The other two are Grey Iron Foundry (GIF) and Ordnance Factory Khamaria (OFK). |
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Armed forces make a large portion of the city and economy in this city. City has three regimental centres, Grenadiers, Jammu and Kashmir rifles and the Signals regiment. |
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Armed forces make up a large portion of the city and economy in this city. The city has three regimental centres: Grenadiers, Jammu and Kashmir rifles and the Signals regiment. Jabalpur is also the army headquarters of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Orissa. |
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Jabalpur also has Head quarter of [[Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board]], Homeguards and many other State and Central Government Offices. Telcom Factory, Telcom Training Centre, Survey of India are some important offices. |
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Jabalpur is an important divisional headquarters, having eight districts: Jabalpur, Seoni, Mandla, Chhindwara, Narsimhapur, Katni, Dindori, Balaghat. The Jabalpur District has been reconstituted on 25 May 1998. It now has four tehsils Jabalpur, Sihora, Patan, and Kundam. Jabalpur also has the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board, Homeguards, and many other state and central government offices. There are seven blocks in the district with 1449 inhabited villages, 60 uninhabited, 1209 revenue villages, and 4 forest villages. The presence of several industries in Jabalpur bolstered the industrial scenario of the city. However, the industrial growth of the area owes much to the defence establishments and the four ordnance factories. |
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The presence of the military base and the ordnance factories have improved the infrastructure of the city. This has boosted the industrial development of Jabalpur. |
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* '''Revenue Layout'''<ref>[http://jabalpur.nic.in/aboutus.htm#revenue Government of India - Districts of Madhya Pradesh - Jabalpur - About us<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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The important industries in Jabalpur are: |
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Jabalpur is an important Divisional Headquarters having 8 districts namely Jabalpur, [[Seoni]], [[Mandla]], [[Chhindwara]], [[Narsimhapur]], [[Katni]], [[Dindori, Madhya Pradesh|Dindori]], [[Balaghat]]. The Jabalpur District has been reconstituted on May 25, 1998. It now has four tehsils Jabalpur, [[Sihora]], Patan and Kundam. |
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{{Div col|colwidth=15em}} |
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*Readymade garments units |
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*Poultry/hatchery |
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*Electrical goods industry |
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*Sawmills |
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*Wood cutting industry |
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*Industries relating to limestone products |
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*Building materials |
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*Glassware |
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*Telephone parts |
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*Furniture making industry |
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*Shaw Wallace Gelatin Factory |
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*Steel structures works |
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*Cement industries |
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*Commercial Engineers & Body Builders Co Limited [CEBBCO ] |
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*Tobacco business |
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*Retail business |
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*Food processing industry |
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*Vendors for Coca-Cola India & Parle |
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{{Div col end}} |
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The nominal GDP of Jabalpur District was estimated at Rs. 42,518 crores for the year 2020–21.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Records |first1=Official |title=Estimates of District Domestic Product Madhya Pradesh |url=http://des.mp.gov.in/Portals/0/ESTIMATES_DISTRICT_DOMESTIC_PRODUCTS_MP_2020-2021.pdf |website=Department of Planning, Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Madhya Pradesh |access-date=2 January 2023}}</ref> |
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=== Information technology and park === |
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There are 7 Blocks in the district with 1449 inhabited villages, 60 uninhabited, 1209 revenue villages and 4 forest villages. |
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M.P. State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd. has set up an I.T. park (Techno Park)<ref>{{cite web |title=M.P. State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd. |url=http://www.mpsedc.com/itparkscontent.aspx?page=IT%20Parks&number=140#four |website=MPSEDC }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> in Bargi Hills having total area of 60 acres, 22 km from the Jabalpur airport. [[Paytm]] started their operations at Jabalpur in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nai Duniya Newspaper |url=https://naidunia.jagran.com/madhya-pradesh/jabalpur-paytm-will-give-job-to-two-thousand-youths-in-jabalpur-city-1171612 |access-date=26 May 2017 |publisher=Nai Duniya Newspaper}}</ref> |
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== Government and public services == |
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==Culture== |
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{{Main|Jabalpur Municipal Corporation}} |
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The presence of the [[Narmada]] and the rule of [[Gond]] and [[Maratha]] dynasties has made Jabalpur a primarily Hindu dominated area. The [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule brought in a sizable [[Muslim]] population. The city has seen the worst form of Hindu Muslim riots in the 60s. The rise in the population of the city especially village folk migrating to the city are settling in slums on the outskirts of Jabalpur. The estimates are that by the year 2015, the population of the city will double to a whopping two million people. Moreover setting up of Central government units increased the population of the city and made it more cosmopolitan. |
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=== Civic administration === |
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[[Hindi]] is the first language of the state and spoken and understood in the city. The [[Mughals]] brought [[Urdu]] and the influence of Maratha rulers has given Marathi to the multilingual culture of Jabalpur. |
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Jabalpur covers an area of {{convert|263|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name='Jabalpur City'/> The [[Jabalpur Municipal Corporation]] (JMC), is charged with governance of the city's civic and infrastructural assets. The corporation has two wings: deliberative and executive. The head of the executive wing is a municipal commissioner who is responsible for the corporation's day-to-day operation and assists the deliberative wing in the decision-making process. The JMC council has one elected representative (corporate) from each ward. Council elections, by popular vote, are held every five years. A corporate from the majority party is selected as mayor. |
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Jabalpur contributes one member to the [[Lok Sabha]]. [[Ashish Dubey]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] had been elected as the [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] in the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Lok Sabha election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Jabalpur election results 2024 live updates: BJP's Ashish Dubey wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/jabalpur-election-results-2024-madhya-pradesh-jabalpur-lok-sabha-elections-poll-result-updates-ashish-dubey-bjp-dinesh-yadav-cong-rakesh-choudhary-bsp/articleshow/110645077.cms |work=The Times of India |date=7 June 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024}}</ref> The city sends eight members to the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|State Legislative Assembly]]: four from the city (Jabalpur Purba, Jabalpur Uttar, [[Jabalpur Cantonment]] and Jabalpur Paschim) and four from rural areas of the district. Jabalpur is divided into eight zones, each consisting of several wards. |
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The opening of a large departmental store and namesake South Avenue Mall<ref>http://www.sam.ideal.co.in</ref> gave Jabalpur its first so called mall and a decent multiplex.There are many new mega-malls coming in the city in next 3–4 months,namely Samdariya Moneymall,Oasis Mall and Multiplex,Treasure Island and Acropolis. |
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=== {{anchor|Divisional headquarters}}Division headquarters === |
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==Transportation== |
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Jabalpur is the [[Administrative divisions of India|divisional headquarters]] for eight districts: Jabalpur, [[Seoni district|Seoni]], [[Mandla district|Mandla]], [[Chhindwara district|Chhindwara]], [[Narsinghpur district|Narsinghpur]], [[Katni district|Katni]], [[Dindori district|Dindori]] and [[Balaghat district|Balaghat]]. The district, which was reconstituted on 25 May 1998, has seven ''[[tehsil]]s'': Jabalpur, [[Sihora]], [[Patan, Madhya Pradesh|Patan]], [[Majholi]], [[Shahpura, Jabalpur|Shahpura]], [[Panagar]] and [[Kundam]]. The city is the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board, the Home-guards and other state and central-government offices. |
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=== Military establishments === |
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Jabalpur is well connected by road, rail and has a single route air connectivity. |
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The Jabalpur Cantonment is one of the largest cantonments in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://canttboardjabalpur.org.in/|title=Jabalpur Cantonment Board|publisher=Jabalpur Cantonment Board|access-date=7 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408224930/http://canttboardjabalpur.org.in/|archive-date=8 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to the ordnance factories, other organisations present in the city include HQ Madhya Bharat Area, the [[Jammu & Kashmir Rifles]] Regimental Centre, [[the Grenadiers]] Regimental Centre, 1 Signal Training Centre, College of Material Management, Central Ordnance Depot, 506 Army Base Workshop, Military Hospital, HQ Chief Engineer Jabalpur Zone, Military Dairy Farm, and HQ Recruiting Zone. Civilian organisations which are part of the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] are the Cantonment Board, Controller of Defence Accounts, Defence Standardisation Cell and the [[Canteen Stores Department (India)|Canteen Stores Department]]. |
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== Culture == |
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=== Cuisine === |
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Jabalpur Airport (IATA Code: JLR) is known as DUMNA Airport and is about 20 km from city.Kingfisher airlines via its Kingfisher red service ATR aircraft is providing one daily service on Jabalpur-Delhi route.This flight also provides connection to other cities like Mumbai,Ahmedabad,Kolkata,Hyderabad,Banaglore,Chennai. |
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Sweets in Jabalpur's local delicacy include Doodh ka Halwa, Kalakand, Bhaji Wada, Dal Mangode, Aloo Vada, Khoye ki Jalebi,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.holidayiq.com/blog/7-must-have-dishes-from-madhya-pradesh-you-just-cannot-miss-1982.html|title=7 Must Have Dishes From Madhya Pradesh You Just Cannot Miss|work=HolidayIQ|access-date=18 October 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122644/http://www.holidayiq.com/blog/7-must-have-dishes-from-madhya-pradesh-you-just-cannot-miss-1982.html|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=खोया जलेबी |url=https://jabalpur.nic.in/culinary-delight/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80/ |website=जिला प्रशासन जबलपुर, मध्य प्रदेश शासन - भारत |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=hi-IN}}</ref> Mawa-Bati, Khoprapak, Shrikhand, Malpua, Imarti and Makkhanvada.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://mptravelogue.com/items/miss-foodies/|title=10 Sweets that You can't afford to miss while you're travelling around Madhya Pradesh! - MP Travelogue|work=MP Travelogue|access-date=18 October 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122527/http://mptravelogue.com/items/miss-foodies/|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Khoye ki Jalebi, which is quite popular in Madhya Pradesh,<ref name=":0" /> was invented by Harprasad Badkul in 1889 at his shop, Badkul Halwai.<ref>Siddhantacharya Phulachandra Shastri, Parwar Jain Samaj ka Itihas, 1990, Jabalpur, p. 418</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-sugar-rush-travelkhana-to-deliver-sweets-to-train-passengers-2190902 |title=Sugar rush: TravelKhana to deliver sweets to train passenger, DNA, 18 Mar 2016 |date=18 March 2016 |access-date=29 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324163843/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-sugar-rush-travelkhana-to-deliver-sweets-to-train-passengers-2190902 |archive-date=24 March 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/tasty-dishes-you-must-try-from-these-lesser-known-corners-of-india/ar-BBqe7Gj#page=1|title=Tasty dishes you must try from these lesser known corners of India|website=www.msn.com|language=en-IN|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122528/https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/tasty-dishes-you-must-try-from-these-lesser-known-corners-of-india/ar-BBqe7Gj#page=1|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Indian Airlines runs three days a week service on Delhi-Gwalior-Jabalpur route and provides connection to other cities via New Delhi. |
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== Tourism == |
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Kingfisher Red: Delhi. |
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{{Main|List of tourist attractions in Jabalpur}} |
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Indian Airlines: Delhi, Gwalior. |
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[[File:Marble-Art.JPG|thumb|left|[[Art marble|Marble-art]]]] |
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Jabalpur is an important tourism centre of Central India. Notable sites include [[Marble Rocks]] in [[Bhedaghat]], [[Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir]], [[Madan Mahal, Jabalpur|Madan Mahal]], [[Dhuandhar Falls]], Chausath-Yogini, Gwarighat, Balancing rock near Madan Mahal Fort and the Shiv Statue at Kachnar City. |
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The world-renowned tiger reserves like [[Kanha National Park]], [[Bandhavgarh National Park]], and [[Pench National Park]] can be easily visited via Jabalpur. The largest wildlife sanctuary by area, [[Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary]] is close to Jabalpur and can be easily visited. The recently notified [[Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve]], 7th tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh also lies in close vicinity to Jabalpur. |
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===Road=== |
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Jabalpur is well connected to [[Nagpur]], [[Bhopal]], [[Allahabad]] and [[Jaipur]] so you can travel easily by roads also.Jabalpur is well connected to Mandla for every ten minutes there is a state bus. The city is connected with three National Highways |
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* NH-7 ([[Varanasi]]-[[Kanyakumari (town)|Kanyakumari]])longest National Highway in India which goes from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh to the southernmost tip of India, Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.<ref>http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh7-driving-directions-map.html/</ref> |
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* NH-12 (Jabalpur-Jaipur)<ref>http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh12-driving-directions-map.html/</ref> |
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* NH-12A ([[Simga]], [[Chattisgarh]]-NH-26 near [[Jhansi]]),<ref>http://www.india9.com/i9show/National-Highway-12A-65031.htm/</ref> |
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Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir is a 17th-century Jain temple that appears like a fortress with numerous [[shikhara]]s. The temple has 22 shrines (vedis), making it the largest independent Jain temple in India. |
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===Railways=== |
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Jabalpur is the headquarters of [[Trains of WCR|West Central Railways]] and is well connected with mail and super-fast trains from [[Mumbai]], [[New Delhi]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Bhopal]], [[Kolkata]], [[Vadodara]], [[Patna]], [[Lucknow]], [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Nagpur]], [[Pune]], [[Jaipur]], [[Jammu]], [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], [[Varanasi]], and [[Goa]]. Apart from broad-gauge railways, Jabalpur is notable for having narrow-gauge railways (which connect with [[Gondia]]). Work to convert this Gondia-[[Nainpur]]-Jabalpur narrow gauge <!-- metre gauge ?? --> to broad gauge has been started under [[Unigauge|Project Unigauge]] <ref>[[Railway Gazette International]] Supplement December 2007 p7</ref> and will provide new opportunities as southern India will be reachable quickly. Gondia Jabalpur was the first of the trains started by British government. It passes through beautiful mountains, valleys and forests on its way. Many trains are offering services from [[Jabalpur Station]]. |
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Madan Mahal is a fort built by the Gond king Madan Shahi in 1116 which is situated atop a hill in Jabalpur. |
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===Local transport=== |
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Jabalpur, the city of marbles, is fast emerging as a center of trade and commerce in the state of Madhya Pradesh. In the context of rapid growth of the city, increasing mobility, high travel demand, increasing intensity of traffic, congestion, delays, accidents and other such problems, public mass transport system of the city stands out as the most critical issue. The intra-city public transport system is essentially road based with 110 private mini buses and 250 tempos and 10,000 auto rickshaws. Since there was no specialized and effective regulatory agency to monitor the system a special purpose vehicle in the form of public limited company ''Jabalpur City Transport Services Limited'' has been set up to operate and manage the public transport system in Jabalpur with PPP model to overcome financial constraints.Other than that ''Mini Buses'', ''Autos'', ''Tempos'' enable good and cheap transportation in the city. ''Cycle Rickshaws'' are also helpful in local routes which are quite cheap and eco-friendly and constitute the main source of transportation. |
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As the Jabalpur is growing very quickly and going to be a metro city now there is the metro bus facility is also available. |
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Kachnar city is known for a {{convert|76|ft|m|adj=mid|-high|order=flip}} [[Shiva]] statue housing a cavern with replicas of Shiva [[linga]]s from 12 shrines nationwide. |
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==Media== |
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Both the print media and the broadcast media are actively involved in the process of enlightening people on all matters of national as well as global importance.<ref>[http://www.mapsofindia.com/jabalpur/media/index.html Jabalpur Media<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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===Newspapers=== |
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The Jabalpur media houses employ journalists who provide a comprehensive coverage of all the important news. Although the popular English and Hindi newspapers of India are available in the city, the local Hindi newspapers record the maximum readership. The local newspapers issued, that have a large circulation include the following: |
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<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jabalpurtourismpc.com/Place_Kachnaar_city.aspx|title=Jabalpur|work=Jabalpur Tourism Promotion Council|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419223309/http://www.jabalpurtourismpc.com/Place_Kachnaar_city.aspx|archive-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref> The city also houses the [[Rani Durgawati Museum|Rangawati Museum]] which was built in 1964 to commemorate [[Rani Durgavati]]. The museum also hosts ancient relics, sculptures and a collection of items related to Mahatma Gandhi. |
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* [[Dainik Bhaskar]] |
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* Nai Duniya |
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* Raj Express |
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* Haribhumi |
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* The Hitwada |
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* Nav Bharat |
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* Daily Deshbandhu |
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* Patrika |
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* People Samachar |
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* Yash Samachar |
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[[Dumna Nature Reserve Park]] is an ecotourism site located near [[Jabalpur Airport]]. It houses Khandari Dam, a source of drinking water to the city. |
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===Radio=== |
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The radio channels available in Jabalpur include |
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The [[Bargi Dam]] Reservoir is known for boat rides. |
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* [[Akashvani]] 102.9 |
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* [[Gyan Vani]] 105.6 |
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* [[Radio Mirchi]] 98.3 FM |
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* [[Radio Dhamaal]] 106.4 FM |
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* [[Red FM]] 93.5 |
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* [[My FM]] 94.3 |
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Tourist attractions in Jabalpur also include the boat rides along the Narmada river, which is {{convert|15|km}} away from the city, especially in moonlight. The journey through the river reveals the [[Marble Rocks]], where the river has carved the soft marble, creating a gorge of about 8 km in length, and the Dhuandhar falls, which is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Jabalpur.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Lamheta Ghat<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=48|title=Lamheta Ghat|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001821/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=48|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and Tilwara Ghat<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=1275|title=Tilwara Ghat|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019040910/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=1275|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> are well-known [[Ghat]]s on the banks of Narmada River.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} The Tilwadeshwar temple is located near the Tilwara Ghat and it is also the place where Gandhi's ashes were immersed. |
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==Tourism== |
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Other tourist destinations near the city include [[Paat Baba Mandir]], Gupteshwar Mandir, Bhadbhada falls,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=129|title=Bhadbhada Waterfall|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019040922/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=129|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Gughra Fall,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=132|title=Ghughra Fall|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001706/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=132|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Osho Amritdham,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=141|title=Osho Amritdham|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001811/https://jabalpurtourism.in/tourist?a=141|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pisanhari Ki Madiya]] which is a historic [[Jain]] pilgrimage near [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jabalpur.nic.in/tourism_pisanhari.htm|title=Pisanhari Ki Madiya|website=jabalpur.nic.in|publisher=Office of District Magistrate, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh|access-date=17 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120112341/http://jabalpur.nic.in/tourism_pisanhari.htm|archive-date=20 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and Nandishwardeep Jain temple. |
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[[Image:Dhuandhar Bhedaghat.JPG|thumb|250px|Dhuandhar waterfall near Jabalpur is a major tourist attraction.]] |
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*'''Bhedaghat - Marble Rocks'''.<ref name=autogenerated8>[http://www.travelmasti.com/domestic/mp/bhedaghat.htm Bhedaghat, Madhya Pradesh travel information guide, Dhuandhar Falls, places<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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[[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]]'s ashram in Karondi village is located about 90 kms from the city. Lying on the Tropic of Cancer, the location is claimed to be the geographical central point of India by Yogi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharishi Mahesh Yogi hopes to bring heaven to earth by building world's tallest building |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/religion/story/20011015-maharishi-mahesh-yogi-hopes-to-bring-heaven-to-earth-by-building-worlds-tallest-building-774400-2001-10-14 |access-date=22 June 2023 |work=India Today |date=15 October 2001 |language=en}}</ref> |
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This small village of Jabalpur district situated on the banks of river [[Narmada]] and widely famous for its marble rocks is at a distance about 25 km from Jabalpur by road. Soaring in glittering splendour, the marble rocks at [[Bhedaghat]] rise to a hundred feet on either side of the Narmada. The serene loveliness of the scene is one of cool quiet, the sunlight sparkling on the marble-white pinnacles and casting dappled shadows on the pellucid waters. In his Highlands of [[Central India]] Captain J. Forsyth speaks eloquently about the infinitely varied beauty of the rocks<ref>[http://www.jabalpur-travel-agents.com/bhedaghat.html] Information about Bhedaghat </ref>. |
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== Transport == |
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''The eye never wearies of the . . . effect produced by the broken and reflected sunlight, now glancing from a pinnacle of snow-white marble reared against the deep blue of the sky as from a point of silver, touching here and there with bright lights the prominence of the middle heights and again losing itself in the soft bluish grays of their recesses.....Here and there the white saccharine limestone is seamed by veins of dark green or black volcanic rock; a contrast which only enhances like a setting of jet, the purity of the surrounding marble''. |
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=== Air === |
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The famous Bheraghat and Dhuandhar has served as a beautiful site for shootings of movies like Jis Des Mein Ganga Bheti Hai, Asoka etc. |
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[[File:Jabalpur Airport, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh).jpg|alt=Long, low building with cars parked outside|left|thumb|262x262px|Jabalpur Airport Terminal Building]] |
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The [[Jabalpur Airport]] (JLR), also known as Dumna Airport, is about {{convert|20|km}} away from the city center. It is located near the [[Dumna Nature Reserve Park|Dumna Nature Reserve]]. It serves as the only airport in the eastern Madhya Pradesh also serving the districts of [[Narsinghpur district|Narsinghpur]], [[Chhindwara ]], [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]], [[Damoh]], [[Katni]], [[Mandla district|Mandla]], [[Balaghat district|Balaghat]], [[Seoni, Madhya Pradesh|Seoni]], [[Umaria district|Umaria]], [[Anuppur district|Anuppur]], [[Shahdol district|Shahdol]], [[Satna district|Satna]], [[Rewa district|Rewa]]. It is also the most convenient airport for visiting National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries which surround the city of Jabalpur. The airport has direct connectivity with major cities of New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Indore and Bilaspur. [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]], [[Indigo Air|Indigo]] and [[SpiceJet]] operate from here. |
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=== Rail {{anchor|Railways|Rapid Transit}} === |
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*'''Dhuandhar'''<ref name=autogenerated8 /> |
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[[File:Jabalpur Station.jpg|thumb|left|Railway Station]] |
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[[Jabalpur Junction railway station]], is one of the five major railway stations located in the city. [[Madan Mahal railway station]] is located in the heart of Jabalpur City. |
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[[File:Hq wcr pic.jpg|thumb|Office of the General Manager, West Central Railway, Jabalpur]] |
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Jabalpur city homes the Zonal Headquarters of [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railways]] (WCR). Jabalpur is also one of the three [[Jabalpur railway division|divisional headquarters]] in WCR. The boundaries of divisional headquarters extend up to [[Itarsi Junction railway station|Itarsi Junction]] in the south-west, [[Bina Junction]] station in the north, [[Manikpur Junction railway station|Manikpur Junction]] and [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]] station in the North East and [[Singrauli]] station in the east. All these railway lines are broad gauge lines. A [[narrow-gauge]] line existed between Jabalpur to [[Gondia]] station which has presently been converted to [[Broad-gauge railway|broad gauge]]. Now this line provides direct connectivity to [[Nagpur Junction railway station]] and [[Raipur Junction railway station]], via Gondia Junction. |
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Jabalpur Junction is well connected with Rail and has dedicated trains to [[New Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kolkata]], [[Lucknow]], [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|SVDK Katra]], [[Ajmer]], [[Somnath temple|Somnath]], [[Pune]], [[Bangalore]], [[Coimbatore]] etc. |
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The famous [[waterfall]] is located just 25 km from Jabalpur. The [[Narmada]] making its way through the Marble Rock's narrows down and then plunges in a waterfall known as ''Dhuandhar'' or the smoke casade. So powerful is the plunge that its roar is heard from a far distance. The falls and the breaking of the volume of water at the crest present an awesome spectacle of Nature's power unleashed. |
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=== Road {{anchor|Bus}} === |
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*'''Chausatyogini (Sixty Four female Yogis)'''.<ref name=autogenerated8 /> |
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Jabalpur has excellent road connectivity. A network of National Highways meet at Jabalpur. 4-lane NH 45 connects it to Bhopal, 4-lane NH 34 connects it to Nagpur, 4-lane NH 30 connects it to Varanasi and Mandla, NH 34 connects it to Damoh. Apart from this, Jabalpur also has good network of state highways. |
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114 Kms Ring Road is under construction around Jabalpur which will be second longest ring road in India after [[Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad|Hyderabad's ORR]]. Longest elevated corridor of Madhya Pradesh is also present in Jabalpur City which is nearing completion. This will be one of the longest elevated roads in India. |
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Situated atop a hill rock and approached by a long flight of steps,the Chausat Yogini Temple commands a singularly beautiful view of the [[Narmada]] flowing through the jagged gorge of Marble Rocks in [[Bhedaghat]]. Dedicated to Lord [[Shiva]], this 10th century temple has exquisitely carved stone figures of deities belonging to the ''Kalchuri'' period. According to a local legend, this ancient [[temple]] is connected to the Gond Queen ''Durgavati's'' palace through an underground passage. |
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== Education == |
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*'''Bargi Dam'''. |
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[[File:Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Jabalpur (LNCT Jabalpur)'s Main Building.jpg|thumb|[[:Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Jabalpur|LNCT Jabalpur]]]] |
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It is a multipurpose project on river [[Narmada]]. It's also a tourist spot, Local authorities have started a [[cruise]] boat which runs on the reservoir of Bargi dam. |
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[[File:St. Aloysius Senior Secondary School.jpg|thumb|left|[[St. Aloysius Senior Secondary School]], established in the year 1868, is among the oldest schools in India]] |
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{{Main|List of educational institutions in Jabalpur}} |
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Jabalpur became a centre of higher education by the end of the 19th century, with institutions such as the [[Hitkarini Sabha]], established by local citizens in 1868,<ref>Allen's Indian mail and register of intelligence for British and foreign India Published 1870</ref> and [[Robertson College Jabalpur|Robertson College]] (now bifurcated into the [[Government Science College, Jabalpur]], and Mahakoshal Arts & Commerce College) was established in Sagar in 1836 and moved to Jabalpur in 1873.<ref>Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages, edited by Shiri Ram Bakshi, S.R. Bakshi And O.P. Ralhan, p. 20</ref> [[Jabalpur Engineering College|Government Engineering College, Jabalpur]] was the first technical institution in [[Central India]] to be established by the British. [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur|IIITDM Jabalpur]] was founded in 2005. Scholars, authors and politicians such as [[Ravishankar Shukla]], [[Rajneesh]], [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] and [[Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh]] had been in Jabalpur for some time in their life. |
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Jabalpur is known for many universities such as [[Rani Durgavati University]] (also called the University of Jabalpur), [[Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University]], [[Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University]] and [[Dharmashastra National Law University, Jabalpur]], [[Indian Council of Medical Research]]-NIRTH. Other institutions like [[Tropical Forest Research Institute]], Jabalpur and MP [[State Forest Research Institute]], Jabalpur are very important forest research centers based in Jabalpur. |
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*'''Rani Durgavati Memorial and Museum'''. |
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Dedicated to the memory of the great Queen ''Durgavati'' is her memorial and a museum which houses a fine collection of [[Sculptures]], [[Inscriptions]] and Prehistoric Relics. |
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Jabalpur also hosts a Government Medical College named [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College]]. The largest Government Cancer Institute in Madhya Pradesh, the [[Madhya Pradesh State Cancer Institute]] will soon become functional in Jabalpur at the adjoining premises of the NSCB Medical College. The School of Excellence in Pulmonary Medicine is also a Government center of excellence in pulmonary medicine located in the premises of NSCB Medical College. |
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* '''Bandhavgarh National Park''' This nearby national reserve forest has the highest density of tigers in the world, making it a good place to see a tiger in its natural habitat. It is in this valley where the white tiger was discovered. For tourists, Nature Heritage, Bandhavgarh Meadows and Mapple Resorts etc are some good lodging options. There are many other resorts in Bandhavgarh as well. |
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== Media == |
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*'''Kanha National park''' |
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Several television news channels have branches in the city. Various cable operators operate digital cable TV system in city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/jabalpur/media/index.html |title=Jabalpur Media |publisher=Mapsofindia.com |access-date=1 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629020234/http://www.mapsofindia.com/jabalpur/media/index.html |archive-date=29 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Jabalpur is nearest big city to go to [[Kanha National Park]]<ref>[http://www.kanha-national-park.org.uk] Information about Kanha Tiger Reserve </ref> which is one of the biggest national parks in India and has the distinction of successfully implemented [[Project Tiger]], as tiger conservation program in India. Every year the park attracts large number of tourists for watching tigers from close proximity. The park is also the birth place of the [[Jungle Book]] by [[Rudyard Kipling]]. Jabalpur also has ''Bandhavgarh'' and ''Pench'' national reserve forest very close by, and well connected through road. |
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=== Newspapers === |
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*'''Madan Mahal Fort''' |
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National and local newspapers are published in Jabalpur in Hindi and English: |
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Built by the Gond ruler ''Raja Madan Shah'', in 1116 atop a rocky hill, the fort dominates the skyline and provides a panoramic view of the town and the country side around it. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|- |
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! Newspaper !! Language !! Founded |
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|- |
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| ''Naiduniya'' || rowspan="5" | [[Hindi]] || 1947 |
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|- |
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| ''Patrika'' || 2009 |
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|- |
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| ''[[Nava Bharat]]'' || 1934 |
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|- |
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| ''[[Deshbandhu (newspaper)|Deshbandhu]]'' || 1959 |
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|- |
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| ''[[Hari Bhoomi]]'' || 1996 |
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|- |
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| ''[[The Times of India]]'' || rowspan="2" | English || 1838 |
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|- |
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| ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' || 1924 |
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|- |
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| ''Hindustan'' || Hindi || |
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|- |
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| ''[[The Hitavada]]'' || English || 1911 |
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|- |
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| ''[[Business Standard]]'' || English, Hindi || 1975 |
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|- |
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| ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]'' || rowspan="2" | Hindi || 1958 |
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|- |
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| ''Yash Bharat'' || 2006 |
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|- |
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|} |
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=== Radio === |
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*'''Balancing Rocks''' |
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Radio stations in Jabalpur include: |
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Jabalpur is also famous for eroded volcanic rock formations called as ''Balancing Rocks'' of Jabalpur. This rock is situated near the base of Madan Mahal Fort, in Deotal in a place called Shailparna. <br>[[File:BSTONE.jpg]] |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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*'''Sangram Sagar and Bajnamath''' |
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| Name || Frequency (MHz) || Tagline |
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These medieval constructions were built by the famous Gond King ''Sangram Shah'' between 1480-1540. |
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|- |
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| [[Red FM (India)|Red FM]] || 93.5 || ''Bajaate raho'' |
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|- |
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| MY FM || 94.3 || ''Jiyo Dil Se!'' |
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|- |
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| [[Radio Mirchi]] || 98.3 || ''It's Hot!'' |
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|- |
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| Radio Orange || 106.4 || ''Kuch Khatta Kuch Meetha'' |
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|- |
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| [[All India Radio|Akashvani]] || 102.9 || |
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|} |
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[[All India Radio|Akashvani]] Jabalpur broadcasts on 801 kHz AM with a 200 kW transmitter. |
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*'''Tilwara Ghat''' |
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From where [[Mahatma Gandhi's]] ashes were immersed in the [[Narmada]], and venue of the open session of the ''Tripuri'' Congress in 1939. |
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== Sports == |
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*'''Water Works''' |
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The city has two stadiums: [[Ravishankar Shukla Stadium]] and Rani Tal Stadium. [[Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association Ground, Jabalpur|Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association Ground]] of MPSA is also located in Jabalpur where Ranji Trophy was held in 2012 .It is generally accepted that while serving at Jabalpur in 1875, [[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Colonel Sir Neville Chamberlain]] developed a new variation of [[black pool]] by introducing coloured balls into the game in the British Army officer's mess. This game was later dubbed [[snooker]].<ref name="auto"/> |
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Small wild life reserve and old dam on the way to Dumna airport. |
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== Notable people and residents == |
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*'''Kachnar City''' |
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<!--Only add if the individual has an article in English Wikipedia . Arranged by LAST NAME--> |
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It is a nickname for Vijayanagar a new posh locality in Jabalpur and is famous for about 70 feet high Lord Shiva statue which houses a cavern with replicas of Shivalingam from important holy shrines of Lord Shiva all over country. |
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Historical personalities |
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* [[Amedee Delalex]] (1826-1889) |
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* [[Rani Durgavati]] (1524–1564) |
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* [[Gokuldas Malpani]] (1839 – 1909) |
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* [[Abani Mukherji]] (1891–1937) |
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Movie and TV personalities |
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* [[Tom Alter]] |
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* [[Jaya Bachchan]] |
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* [[Jennifer Mistry Bansiwal]] |
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* [[Shaleen Bhanot]] |
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* [[Gurmeet Choudhary]] |
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* [[Kirron Kher]] |
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* [[Prem Nath]] |
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* [[Arjun Rampal]] |
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* [[Shalini Pandey]] |
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* [[Ashutosh Rana]] |
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* [[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]] |
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* [[Sharat Saxena]] |
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* [[Aadesh Shrivastava]] |
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* [[Raghubir Yadav]] |
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Armed forces officers |
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* Maj Gen [[G. D. Bakshi]] |
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* Admiral [[Jal Cursetji]] |
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* Lt Gen [[WAG Pinto]] |
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Civil servants and people holding high public office |
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* [[C. B. Bhave]], IAS |
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* [[Sudhir Kumar Mishra]] |
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* [[S Prakash Tiwari]] |
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Politicians |
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* [[Frank Anthony]] |
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* [[Lakhan Ghanghoriya]] |
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* [[Ashok Rohani]] |
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* [[Ishwardas Rohani]] |
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* [[Rakesh Singh (politician)|Rakesh Singh]] |
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* [[K. S. Sudarshan]] |
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* [[Vivek Tankha]] |
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* [[Captain B P Tiwari]] |
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* [[Shreegopal Vyas]] |
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* [[Sharad Yadav]] |
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Business |
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* [[Siddhartha Paul Tiwari]] |
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* [[Ajai Chowdhry]] |
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* [[Shyam Mardikar]] |
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Spiritual gurus |
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* [[Mahant Swami Maharaj]] |
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* [[Osho Rajneesh]] |
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* [[Maharshi Mahesh Yogi]] |
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Journalists |
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* [[Arnab Goswami]] |
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* [[Mazher Jabalpuri]] |
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Engineers |
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* [[S. P. Chakravarti]] |
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Doctors |
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*[[Yogesh Kumar Chawla]] |
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*[[Pradeep Chowbey]] |
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*[[Narmada Prasad Gupta]] |
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*[[Pukhraj Bafna]] |
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*[[Shashi Wadhwa]] |
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Authors and poets |
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* [[Subhadra Kumari Chauhan]] |
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* [[Kamta Prasad Guru]] |
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* [[Harishankar Parsai]] |
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* [[Nell St. John Montague]] |
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* [[Ram Kinkar Upadhyay]] |
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Sportspersons |
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*[[Madhu Yadav]] |
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== |
== See also == |
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* [[Jubbulpuria]] |
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* [[Jabalpur district]] |
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* [[Ordnance Factories Board|Indian Ordnance Factories]] |
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* [[Tropical Forest Research Institute]] |
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== References == |
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The game of [[Snooker]] was conceived in Jabalpur. Origins of the game of Snooker are generally regarded as being in the latter half of the 19th century. [[Billiards]] had been a popular activity amongst British army officers stationed in India who stole the idea from the Indian game [[Carrom]], and variations on the more traditional billiard games were devised. One variation was to add coloured balls in addition to the reds and black which were used for pyramid pool and life pool. This gave birth to the game of Snooker. Although snooker's origin is not recorded explicitly, it is generally held that a Colonel Sir Neville Chamberlain (no relation to the World War II Prime Minister) conceived the game in the British Army Officer's Mess in Jubbulpore, India, in 1875.<ref>[http://www.titansports.co.uk/history/snooker.htm The History of Snooker<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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==Famous Personalities== |
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* Rani Durgavati Queen Of Gondvana, at mandala ,Fought with Muslim invader of Mugal Dynasty |
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* Sharon Lazarus -- CEA, EXL Services. |
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*K.S.Sudarshan former RSS Sarsangh Chalak First batch Graduate of Electronics And Telecommunication Govt.Engg.College Jabalpur www.thehindu.com/fline/fl1706/17060330.htm |
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* [[Pt Bhawani Prasad Tiwari]] (Padmashree (1972 Art & Literature)), Ex Mayor & Rajya Sabha Member), ''Famous Writer,Poet & Social Reformer'' |
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* [[Osho]] (Rajneesh Chandra Mohan), ''Philoshopher & Spiritual Leader'' |
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* [[Prem Nath]], ''Famous Bollywood Actor'' |
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* Chandu Sarvate, Indian Test critcket player. |
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*Baburao Paranjape Former Parliamentarian. |
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* [[Harishankar Parsai]] (1924–1995), ''Hindi writer and satirist'' |
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* [[Arjun Rampal]], ''Famous Indian Model & Bollywood Actor''<ref>[http://www.surfindia.com/celebrities/bollywood/arjun-rampal.html Arjun Rampal,Arjun Rampal Picture,Arjun Rampal Biography<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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* [[Rajindernath]], ''Famous Bollywood Actor'' |
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* [[Raghuvir Yadav]], ''Famous Indian Television Actor of [[Mungerilal Ke Haseen Sapne]] fame'' |
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* [[Ashutosh Rana]], ''Bollywood Actor, Studied in Jabalpur'' |
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* [[Aadesh Shrivastava]], ''Bollywood Music Director, Brought up in Jabalpur'' |
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* [[Deepak Sareen]], ''Bollywood director of [[Aaina]] and [[Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai]] fame'' |
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* [[Ajai Chaudhary]], ''Co-founder HCL Technology'' |
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* [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]], ''Founder of Transcendental Meditation''<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi</ref> |
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* Dr. [[Ghulam Mustafa Khan]], ''Researcher, Author, Scholar of Urdu Literature & Linguistics, Educationists & Spiritual Leader of [[Pakistan]] <ref>[http://www.almustafatrust.org/FOUNDER.HTM Al Mustafa Trust<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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* [[Subhadra Kumari Chauhan]], ''Famous Hindi poet settled in the city after her marriage'' <ref>[http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/subhadra-kumari-chauhan.html Subhadra Kumari Chauhan - Subhadra Kumari Chauhan Biography, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan Life History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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* [[Madhu Yadav]], ''International women's Hokey Captain'' |
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* Prof. H. P. Dixit, Former Vice Chancellor of IGNOU |
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* [[Shaleen Bhanot]], Famous Television Actor |
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* [[Sharad Yadav]], Famous politician, Studied in Jabalpur |
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* Brajesh Mishra, Former National Security Advisor |
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* Pt. Kunjilal Dubey, Padma Bhushan, Ex speaker of MP assembly |
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* Jadugar Anand - President, All India Magic Federation, World Famous Magician |
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* Neha Uppal - MTV Speed Diva |
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* Kiron Kher - Famous Actress, Studied in Jabalpur, (St. Joseph's Convent) |
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* Shiv Khare, Executive Director, Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (AFPPD), Bangkok, Thailand |
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* Vivek Sharma Film Director of bollywood. (Bhootnath and Kal Kissne Dekha)<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1018908/bio</ref> |
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* Yunus Khan Announcer Radiojockey (vividh bharati)and Columnist (Dainik Bhaskar)<ref>http://www.radiovani.blogspot.com</ref> |
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* Pt. Vishwa Nath Dubey - Ex mayor of Jabalpur. NECC Vice President and Owner of Phoenix Group of Industries. |
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* M. Naseer Khan, Director, Elevate Institute, Famous motivational speaker |
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* Gurmeet Choudhary, Famous Actor, as Lord Rama in Ramayan (2008 TV series)NDTV Imagine,partcipant of reality show "Pati,Patni Aur Woh" in NDTV Imagine, studied in Jabalpur |
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Abbhas Joshi Singer |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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{{1911}} |
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{{Commons category|Jabalpur}} |
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{{Wikivoyage|Jabalpur}} |
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{{Wikiquote}} |
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* {{official website|http://www.jabalpur.nic.in/}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.jabalpur.nic.in/ Official Website] |
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* [http://www.jabalpurads.com/ Categorical Information about Jabalpur] |
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* [http://www.jabalpurwala.com/ information about Jabalpur] |
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* {{wikitravel}} |
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* [http://fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Jabalpur.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 410m] |
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{{Geographic location |
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<!--start of Navigation boxes--><br clear=all> |
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| Centre = Jabalpur |
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| North = [[Allahabad]] |
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| Northeast = [[Uttar Pradesh]] |
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| East = [[Jharkhand]] |
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| Southeast = [[Raipur]] |
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| South = [[Nagpur]] |
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| Southwest = [[Maharashtra]] |
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| West = [[Bhopal]] |
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| Northwest = [[Rajasthan]] |
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}} |
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{{City of Jabalpur}} |
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{{Jabalpur district}} |
{{Jabalpur district}} |
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{{Cities and towns of Mahakoshal}} |
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{{State of Madhya Pradesh}} |
{{State of Madhya Pradesh}} |
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{{Million-plus cities in India}} |
{{Million-plus cities in India}} |
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{{Jabalpur Division}} |
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<!--end of Navigation boxes--> |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Madhya Pradesh]] |
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[[Category:Jabalpur]] |
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[[Category:West Central Railway Zone]] |
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[[Category:Jabalpur railway division]] |
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[[Category:Divisions of Indian Railways]] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Railway stations in Madhya Pradesh]] |
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[[Category:Jabalpur| ]] |
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[[bn:জবলপুর]] |
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[[Category:Metropolitan cities in India]] |
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[[ca:Jabalpur]] |
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[[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011]] |
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[[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]] |
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[[es:Jabalpur]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Madhya Pradesh]] |
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[[fr:Jabalpur]] |
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[[Category:Smart cities in India]] |
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[[hi:जबलपुर]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:07, 3 January 2025
Jabalpur
Jubbulpore | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 23°10′N 79°56′E / 23.167°N 79.933°E | |
Country | India |
State | Madhya Pradesh |
District | Jabalpur |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor–Council |
• Body | Jabalpur Municipal Corporation |
• Mayor | Jagat Bahadur Singh[1] |
• Municipal commissioner | Swapnil Wankhade IAS |
• MP | Ashish Dubey |
Area | |
263.49 km2 (101.73 sq mi) | |
Elevation | 412 m (1,352 ft) |
Population | |
1,055,525 | |
• Rank | 38th |
• Density | 4,000/km2 (10,000/sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,267,564 |
• Metro rank | 38th |
Demonyms | Jabalpurians, Jabalpuriya, Jabalpurites |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 482001 to 482011 |
Telephone code | 0761 |
ISO 3166 code | IN-MP |
Vehicle registration | MP-20 |
Sex ratio | 929 ♀ / 1000 ♂ |
Average Literacy Rate | 82.13% |
Official language | Hindi[7] |
Website | jabalpur |
Jabalpur, formerly Jubbulpore, is a city situated on the banks of Narmada River in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the 3rd-largest urban agglomeration of the state and the 38th-largest of the country. Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of the Jabalpur district and the Jabalpur division. It is the judicial capital of Madhya Pradesh with Madhya Pradesh High Court being located in the city. It is generally accepted that the game of snooker originated in Jabalpur.[8] Jabalpur is also the railway headquarters of the West Central Railway. Jabalpur Cantonment is one of the largest cantonments in India and houses the army headquarters of five states (Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand). The city is known for the marble rocks on the river Narmada at Bhedaghat. It is also known as 'Sanskardhani' meaning 'The Cultural Capital' highlighting the city's rich cultural and historical heritage. The city of Jabalpur was among the first 7 smart cities selected for the Smart Cities Mission.
Etymology
[edit]According to a prevalent theory, Jabalpur was named after a sage named Jabali, who meditated on the banks of the Narmada river. Another theory suggests an Arabic origin of the word since jabal (جبل) in Arabic means granite boulders or huge boulders, which were common in the region. According to a fringe theory, the name refers to Jauli Pattala, a sub-divisional unit, mentioned in Kalachuri inscriptions. Jauli also refers to the Huna queen of the Kalachuri king, Karna. It was spelled as Jubbulpore during British rule[9]
In 2006, the Jabalpur Municipal Corporation renamed the city to Jabalpur.[10]
History
[edit]Mythology describes three Asuras (evil spirits) in the Jabalpur region, who were defeated by the Hindu god Shiva. Tripurasura being the main asura, gave the city its puranic name Tripur Tirth.[11] Tripuri region corresponds to the ancient Chedi Kingdom of Mahabharata times, to which king Shishupala belongs.
Ashokan relics dating to 300 BCE have been found in Rupnath, 84 kilometres (52 mi) north of the city, indicating the presence of the Mauryan Empire (322 to 185 BCE) in the region.[11] When the empire fell, Jabalpur became a city-state before coming under the rule of the Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE). After their reign, the region was ruled locally by the Bodhis and the Senas, following which it became a vassal state of the Gupta Empire (320 to 550).[11]
The region was conquered by the Kalachuri Dynasty in 875 CE. The best known Kalachuri ruler was Yuvaraja-Deva I (r. 915–945), who married Nohla Devi (a princess of the Chalukya dynasty).[12] One of the Kalachuri ministers, Golok Simha Kayastha, was instrumental in founding the Chausath Yogini Temple near Bhedaghat. His descendants include Bhoj Simha, who was the Dewan to the Gond king Sangram Shah (1491–1543); Dewan Aadhar Singh Kayastha, who was the prime minister to Rani Durgavati (r. 1550–1564),[13] and Beohar Raghuvir Sinha, the last Jagirdar of Jabalpur who reigned until 1947.[citation needed]
Gondwana rule
[edit]Jabalpur was an important centre of power during the rule of the Gond kings of Garha-Mandla.[14] The ruler of Garha-Mandla, Madan Shah, (1138–1157) built a watchtower and a small hilltop fort at Madan Mahal, an area in Jabalpur. In the 1500s, the Gond king, Sangram Shah held Singorgarh fort. Rani Durgawati was a princess of the Chandela Dynasty who was married to Dalpat Shah of the Gond dynasty. She was well aware of the importance of water conservation, and hence she built more than 85 ponds in Jabalpur, mainly in Ranital, Haathital, Madhatal and Hanumantal.[15]
The Gond king, Hriday Shah (1634-1668), moved his court to the Mandla fort. He secured water sources and built irrigation structures. The kingdom was invaded in 1742 by the Maratha peshwa (prime minister), Balaji Baji Rao along with Visaji Chandorkar, the Maratha governor of Sagar, and made a tributary state of the Maratha Empire.[16][17]
Maratha rule
[edit]The Maratha rulers of Sagar finally annexed the weakened Garha Kingdom in 1781.[18] Around 1798, the Maratha Peshwa gave the Nerbuddah valley to the Bhonsle kings of Nagpur, who ruled the area until 1818, when it was seized by the British East India Company after the Battle of Sitabuldi.[19]
British rule
[edit]The British made Jabalpur the commission headquarters of the Narmada territories and established a cantonment here. Under the British Raj, Jabalpur became the capital of the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories, which was part of the British North-Western Province. The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories became part of the new Central Provinces in 1861 which in 1903 became the Central Provinces and Berar. By the early 20th Century Jabalpur was the headquarters of a brigade in the 5th division of the Southern Army.
A significant event was the Tripuri Congress session in 1939, led by Subhash Chandra Bose. Under the guidance of Lokmanya Tilak, the Flag Satyagraha was successfully launched. Mahatma Gandhi visited Jabalpur four times. The Congress session in 1939, where Subhash Chandra Bose was elected president against Gandhi's wishes, was notable for its debates on strategies for India's independence. A memorial gate, Kamania Gate, was built in the city to commemorate these events.
After India's independence in 1947, the Central Provinces and Berar became the state of Madhya Pradesh.
Under British rule, and among others in the works of Kipling, the city name was spelled Jubbulpore.
The city's institutional buildings still showcase the British colonial architecture.
Geography
[edit]Climate
[edit]Jabalpur | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jabalpur has a humid subtropical climate typical of north-central India (Madhya Pradesh and southern Uttar Pradesh). Summer begins in late March, lasting until June. May is the hottest month, with an average temperature exceeding 40 °C (104 °F). Summer is followed by the southwest monsoon, which lasts until early October and produces 889 mm (35 in) of rain from July to September. The average annual precipitation is nearly 1,386 mm (54.6 in). The Winter begins in late November and lasts until early March. January is the coldest month, with an average daily temperature near 15 °C (59 °F).
Climate data for Jabalpur Airport (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 33.4 (92.1) |
37.6 (99.7) |
41.2 (106.2) |
45.4 (113.7) |
46.7 (116.1) |
46.8 (116.2) |
41.7 (107.1) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.4 (99.3) |
37.9 (100.2) |
35.8 (96.4) |
33.2 (91.8) |
46.7 (116.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.3 (75.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
38.5 (101.3) |
41.3 (106.3) |
37.6 (99.7) |
31.3 (88.3) |
29.9 (85.8) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.1 (84.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) |
20.7 (69.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
34.6 (94.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
27.3 (81.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
25.7 (78.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.7 (51.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.0 (59.0) |
11.0 (51.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
3.9 (39.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 17.6 (0.69) |
19.7 (0.78) |
18.2 (0.72) |
6.8 (0.27) |
11.9 (0.47) |
164.2 (6.46) |
429.8 (16.92) |
443.0 (17.44) |
213.7 (8.41) |
30.0 (1.18) |
10.0 (0.39) |
2.9 (0.11) |
1,367.8 (53.85) |
Average rainy days | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 7.5 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 9.5 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 57.7 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 47 | 38 | 27 | 21 | 21 | 49 | 73 | 79 | 69 | 52 | 51 | 49 | 48 |
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[20][21] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[22] |
Jabalpur has been ranked 2nd [23]best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results'
Flora and fauna
[edit]Extinct species
[edit]A species of noasaurid theropod dinosaur named Laevisuchus indicus was discovered near Jabalpur in 1917 by Charles Alfred Matley and described by Friedrich von Huene and Matley in 1932.[24] Another small dinosaur discovered at that time by Friedrich von Huene and described by the team in 1932, named Jubbulpuria tenuis, was categorised as junior synonym of Laevisuchus indicus in 2024.[24][25]
Demographics
[edit]Year | Population |
---|---|
2011 | |
2012 | |
2013 | |
2014 | |
2015 | |
2016 | |
2017 | |
2018 |
In the 2011 India census, the Jabalpur city (the area covered by the municipal corporation) recorded a population of 1,081,677.[4] The Jabalpur metropolitan area (urban agglomeration) recorded a population of 1,268,848.[5]
Economy
[edit]Agriculture
[edit]The Narmada river bringing in freshwater from the Vindyachal Ranges has developed Jabalpur district into an agrarian economy. The land of the Narmada basin with its fertile alluvial soil gives good yields of sorghum, wheat, rice, and millet in the villages around Jabalpur. Important among commercial crops are pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugar cane, and medicinal crops. The state is poised for a breakthrough in soybean cultivation.[citation needed] In Kharif crops occupy 60% and Rabi crops 40% area with 71.4% area under food grain production. Nearly 59% of landholders are marginal whereas small farmed share 18% of farmland.
Industries
[edit]Jabalpur has a variety of industries largely based in mineral substances of economic value found in the district, although the ready-made garments industry is a substantial portion of production in Jabalpur.
Defence establishments started in the early 20th century. Jabalpur has Vehicle Factory Jabalpur, Grey Iron Foundry, Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur and Ordnance Factory Khamaria which belong to the Ordnance Factories Board manufacturing various products for the Indian Armed Forces. The Gun Carriage Factory was started in the year 1904 is well equipped and manufacture gun parts, mounting, shells, and a variety of the other product for war purposes. Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ) was started as a manufacturer of trucks and other defence vehicles. The other two are Grey Iron Foundry (GIF) and Ordnance Factory Khamaria (OFK).
Armed forces make up a large portion of the city and economy in this city. The city has three regimental centres: Grenadiers, Jammu and Kashmir rifles and the Signals regiment. Jabalpur is also the army headquarters of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Orissa. Jabalpur is an important divisional headquarters, having eight districts: Jabalpur, Seoni, Mandla, Chhindwara, Narsimhapur, Katni, Dindori, Balaghat. The Jabalpur District has been reconstituted on 25 May 1998. It now has four tehsils Jabalpur, Sihora, Patan, and Kundam. Jabalpur also has the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board, Homeguards, and many other state and central government offices. There are seven blocks in the district with 1449 inhabited villages, 60 uninhabited, 1209 revenue villages, and 4 forest villages. The presence of several industries in Jabalpur bolstered the industrial scenario of the city. However, the industrial growth of the area owes much to the defence establishments and the four ordnance factories.
The presence of the military base and the ordnance factories have improved the infrastructure of the city. This has boosted the industrial development of Jabalpur. The important industries in Jabalpur are:
- Readymade garments units
- Poultry/hatchery
- Electrical goods industry
- Sawmills
- Wood cutting industry
- Industries relating to limestone products
- Building materials
- Glassware
- Telephone parts
- Furniture making industry
- Shaw Wallace Gelatin Factory
- Steel structures works
- Cement industries
- Commercial Engineers & Body Builders Co Limited [CEBBCO ]
- Tobacco business
- Retail business
- Food processing industry
- Vendors for Coca-Cola India & Parle
The nominal GDP of Jabalpur District was estimated at Rs. 42,518 crores for the year 2020–21.[28]
Information technology and park
[edit]M.P. State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd. has set up an I.T. park (Techno Park)[29] in Bargi Hills having total area of 60 acres, 22 km from the Jabalpur airport. Paytm started their operations at Jabalpur in 2018.[30]
Government and public services
[edit]Civic administration
[edit]Jabalpur covers an area of 263 square kilometres (102 sq mi).[2] The Jabalpur Municipal Corporation (JMC), is charged with governance of the city's civic and infrastructural assets. The corporation has two wings: deliberative and executive. The head of the executive wing is a municipal commissioner who is responsible for the corporation's day-to-day operation and assists the deliberative wing in the decision-making process. The JMC council has one elected representative (corporate) from each ward. Council elections, by popular vote, are held every five years. A corporate from the majority party is selected as mayor.
Jabalpur contributes one member to the Lok Sabha. Ashish Dubey of Bharatiya Janata Party had been elected as the Member of Parliament in the 2024 Lok Sabha election.[31] The city sends eight members to the State Legislative Assembly: four from the city (Jabalpur Purba, Jabalpur Uttar, Jabalpur Cantonment and Jabalpur Paschim) and four from rural areas of the district. Jabalpur is divided into eight zones, each consisting of several wards.
Division headquarters
[edit]Jabalpur is the divisional headquarters for eight districts: Jabalpur, Seoni, Mandla, Chhindwara, Narsinghpur, Katni, Dindori and Balaghat. The district, which was reconstituted on 25 May 1998, has seven tehsils: Jabalpur, Sihora, Patan, Majholi, Shahpura, Panagar and Kundam. The city is the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board, the Home-guards and other state and central-government offices.
Military establishments
[edit]The Jabalpur Cantonment is one of the largest cantonments in India.[32] In addition to the ordnance factories, other organisations present in the city include HQ Madhya Bharat Area, the Jammu & Kashmir Rifles Regimental Centre, the Grenadiers Regimental Centre, 1 Signal Training Centre, College of Material Management, Central Ordnance Depot, 506 Army Base Workshop, Military Hospital, HQ Chief Engineer Jabalpur Zone, Military Dairy Farm, and HQ Recruiting Zone. Civilian organisations which are part of the Ministry of Defence are the Cantonment Board, Controller of Defence Accounts, Defence Standardisation Cell and the Canteen Stores Department.
Culture
[edit]Cuisine
[edit]Sweets in Jabalpur's local delicacy include Doodh ka Halwa, Kalakand, Bhaji Wada, Dal Mangode, Aloo Vada, Khoye ki Jalebi,[33][34] Mawa-Bati, Khoprapak, Shrikhand, Malpua, Imarti and Makkhanvada.[35] Khoye ki Jalebi, which is quite popular in Madhya Pradesh,[35] was invented by Harprasad Badkul in 1889 at his shop, Badkul Halwai.[36][37][38]
Tourism
[edit]Jabalpur is an important tourism centre of Central India. Notable sites include Marble Rocks in Bhedaghat, Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir, Madan Mahal, Dhuandhar Falls, Chausath-Yogini, Gwarighat, Balancing rock near Madan Mahal Fort and the Shiv Statue at Kachnar City.
The world-renowned tiger reserves like Kanha National Park, Bandhavgarh National Park, and Pench National Park can be easily visited via Jabalpur. The largest wildlife sanctuary by area, Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary is close to Jabalpur and can be easily visited. The recently notified Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve, 7th tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh also lies in close vicinity to Jabalpur.
Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir is a 17th-century Jain temple that appears like a fortress with numerous shikharas. The temple has 22 shrines (vedis), making it the largest independent Jain temple in India.
Madan Mahal is a fort built by the Gond king Madan Shahi in 1116 which is situated atop a hill in Jabalpur.
Kachnar city is known for a 23-metre-high (76 ft) Shiva statue housing a cavern with replicas of Shiva lingas from 12 shrines nationwide.
[39] The city also houses the Rangawati Museum which was built in 1964 to commemorate Rani Durgavati. The museum also hosts ancient relics, sculptures and a collection of items related to Mahatma Gandhi.
Dumna Nature Reserve Park is an ecotourism site located near Jabalpur Airport. It houses Khandari Dam, a source of drinking water to the city.
The Bargi Dam Reservoir is known for boat rides.
Tourist attractions in Jabalpur also include the boat rides along the Narmada river, which is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away from the city, especially in moonlight. The journey through the river reveals the Marble Rocks, where the river has carved the soft marble, creating a gorge of about 8 km in length, and the Dhuandhar falls, which is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Jabalpur.[citation needed] Lamheta Ghat[40] and Tilwara Ghat[41] are well-known Ghats on the banks of Narmada River.[citation needed] The Tilwadeshwar temple is located near the Tilwara Ghat and it is also the place where Gandhi's ashes were immersed.
Other tourist destinations near the city include Paat Baba Mandir, Gupteshwar Mandir, Bhadbhada falls,[42] Gughra Fall,[43] Osho Amritdham,[44] Pisanhari Ki Madiya which is a historic Jain pilgrimage near Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College,[45] and Nandishwardeep Jain temple.
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's ashram in Karondi village is located about 90 kms from the city. Lying on the Tropic of Cancer, the location is claimed to be the geographical central point of India by Yogi.[46]
Transport
[edit]Air
[edit]The Jabalpur Airport (JLR), also known as Dumna Airport, is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) away from the city center. It is located near the Dumna Nature Reserve. It serves as the only airport in the eastern Madhya Pradesh also serving the districts of Narsinghpur, Chhindwara , Sagar, Damoh, Katni, Mandla, Balaghat, Seoni, Umaria, Anuppur, Shahdol, Satna, Rewa. It is also the most convenient airport for visiting National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries which surround the city of Jabalpur. The airport has direct connectivity with major cities of New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Indore and Bilaspur. Alliance Air, Indigo and SpiceJet operate from here.
Rail
[edit]Jabalpur Junction railway station, is one of the five major railway stations located in the city. Madan Mahal railway station is located in the heart of Jabalpur City.
Jabalpur city homes the Zonal Headquarters of West Central Railways (WCR). Jabalpur is also one of the three divisional headquarters in WCR. The boundaries of divisional headquarters extend up to Itarsi Junction in the south-west, Bina Junction station in the north, Manikpur Junction and Rewa station in the North East and Singrauli station in the east. All these railway lines are broad gauge lines. A narrow-gauge line existed between Jabalpur to Gondia station which has presently been converted to broad gauge. Now this line provides direct connectivity to Nagpur Junction railway station and Raipur Junction railway station, via Gondia Junction.
Jabalpur Junction is well connected with Rail and has dedicated trains to New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Lucknow, SVDK Katra, Ajmer, Somnath, Pune, Bangalore, Coimbatore etc.
Road
[edit]Jabalpur has excellent road connectivity. A network of National Highways meet at Jabalpur. 4-lane NH 45 connects it to Bhopal, 4-lane NH 34 connects it to Nagpur, 4-lane NH 30 connects it to Varanasi and Mandla, NH 34 connects it to Damoh. Apart from this, Jabalpur also has good network of state highways.
114 Kms Ring Road is under construction around Jabalpur which will be second longest ring road in India after Hyderabad's ORR. Longest elevated corridor of Madhya Pradesh is also present in Jabalpur City which is nearing completion. This will be one of the longest elevated roads in India.
Education
[edit]Jabalpur became a centre of higher education by the end of the 19th century, with institutions such as the Hitkarini Sabha, established by local citizens in 1868,[47] and Robertson College (now bifurcated into the Government Science College, Jabalpur, and Mahakoshal Arts & Commerce College) was established in Sagar in 1836 and moved to Jabalpur in 1873.[48] Government Engineering College, Jabalpur was the first technical institution in Central India to be established by the British. IIITDM Jabalpur was founded in 2005. Scholars, authors and politicians such as Ravishankar Shukla, Rajneesh, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh had been in Jabalpur for some time in their life.
Jabalpur is known for many universities such as Rani Durgavati University (also called the University of Jabalpur), Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University and Dharmashastra National Law University, Jabalpur, Indian Council of Medical Research-NIRTH. Other institutions like Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur and MP State Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur are very important forest research centers based in Jabalpur.
Jabalpur also hosts a Government Medical College named Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College. The largest Government Cancer Institute in Madhya Pradesh, the Madhya Pradesh State Cancer Institute will soon become functional in Jabalpur at the adjoining premises of the NSCB Medical College. The School of Excellence in Pulmonary Medicine is also a Government center of excellence in pulmonary medicine located in the premises of NSCB Medical College.
Media
[edit]Several television news channels have branches in the city. Various cable operators operate digital cable TV system in city.[49]
Newspapers
[edit]National and local newspapers are published in Jabalpur in Hindi and English:
Newspaper | Language | Founded |
---|---|---|
Naiduniya | Hindi | 1947 |
Patrika | 2009 | |
Nava Bharat | 1934 | |
Deshbandhu | 1959 | |
Hari Bhoomi | 1996 | |
The Times of India | English | 1838 |
Hindustan Times | 1924 | |
Hindustan | Hindi | |
The Hitavada | English | 1911 |
Business Standard | English, Hindi | 1975 |
Dainik Bhaskar | Hindi | 1958 |
Yash Bharat | 2006 |
Radio
[edit]Radio stations in Jabalpur include:
Name | Frequency (MHz) | Tagline |
Red FM | 93.5 | Bajaate raho |
MY FM | 94.3 | Jiyo Dil Se! |
Radio Mirchi | 98.3 | It's Hot! |
Radio Orange | 106.4 | Kuch Khatta Kuch Meetha |
Akashvani | 102.9 |
Akashvani Jabalpur broadcasts on 801 kHz AM with a 200 kW transmitter.
Sports
[edit]The city has two stadiums: Ravishankar Shukla Stadium and Rani Tal Stadium. Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association Ground of MPSA is also located in Jabalpur where Ranji Trophy was held in 2012 .It is generally accepted that while serving at Jabalpur in 1875, Colonel Sir Neville Chamberlain developed a new variation of black pool by introducing coloured balls into the game in the British Army officer's mess. This game was later dubbed snooker.[8]
Notable people and residents
[edit]Historical personalities
- Amedee Delalex (1826-1889)
- Rani Durgavati (1524–1564)
- Gokuldas Malpani (1839 – 1909)
- Abani Mukherji (1891–1937)
Movie and TV personalities
- Tom Alter
- Jaya Bachchan
- Jennifer Mistry Bansiwal
- Shaleen Bhanot
- Gurmeet Choudhary
- Kirron Kher
- Prem Nath
- Arjun Rampal
- Shalini Pandey
- Ashutosh Rana
- Pradeep Rawat
- Sharat Saxena
- Aadesh Shrivastava
- Raghubir Yadav
Armed forces officers
- Maj Gen G. D. Bakshi
- Admiral Jal Cursetji
- Lt Gen WAG Pinto
Civil servants and people holding high public office
Politicians
- Frank Anthony
- Lakhan Ghanghoriya
- Ashok Rohani
- Ishwardas Rohani
- Rakesh Singh
- K. S. Sudarshan
- Vivek Tankha
- Captain B P Tiwari
- Shreegopal Vyas
- Sharad Yadav
Business
Spiritual gurus
Journalists
Engineers
Doctors
Authors and poets
- Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
- Kamta Prasad Guru
- Harishankar Parsai
- Nell St. John Montague
- Ram Kinkar Upadhyay
Sportspersons
See also
[edit]References
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- ^ a b "Jabalpur City" (PDF). Retrieved 21 November 2020.
- ^ "District Census Handbook, Indore" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Jabalpur district" (PDF). 2011 Census of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ^ a b "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
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- ^ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- ^ a b "The History of Snooker". Titansports.co.uk. Archived from the original on 17 December 2002. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
- ^ Chibber, Nanditta (27 November 2018). "MP Trail: When two Britishers disagreed on the name of Jabalpur". The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ "Now, Indore to become Indur, Bhopal Bhojpal". The Times of India. 18 December 2006. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- ^ a b c Jabalpur, City Guide. Goodearth Publications. 2008. p. 8. ISBN 978-81-87780-73-1.
- ^ Mirashi, V. V. (1930). "YUVARĀJADEVA I OF TRIPURI". Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. 11 (4): 361–373. ISSN 0378-1143. JSTOR 41688193.
- ^ Jāyasavāla, Kalpanā (1998). Rānī Durgāvatī aura unakā śāsanakāla (in Hindi). Nārdarna Buka Seṅṭara. p. 107. ISBN 978-81-7211-072-7.
- ^ "History | District Administration Jabalpur, Government of Madhya Pradesh | India".
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- ^ Chatterton, Eyre (originally published in 1917) The Story of Gondwana, p.98
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- ^ "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024" (PDF). Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024. 7 September 2024.
- ^ a b Carrano, Matthew T.; Wilson, Jeffrey A.; Barrett, Paul M. (January 2010). "The history of dinosaur collecting in central India, 1828–1947" (PDF). Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 343 (1): 161–173. Bibcode:2010GSLSP.343..161C. doi:10.1144/SP343.9.
- ^ Mohabey, Dhananjay M.; Samant, Bandana; Vélez-Rosado, Kevin I.; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A. (7 February 2024). "A review of small-bodied theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of India, with description of new cranial remains of a noasaurid (Theropoda: Abelisauria)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2288088. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ "Jabalpur District Religion Data - Census 2011". www.census2011.co.in. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
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- ^ Records, Official. "Estimates of District Domestic Product Madhya Pradesh" (PDF). Department of Planning, Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Madhya Pradesh. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
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- ^ "Maharishi Mahesh Yogi hopes to bring heaven to earth by building world's tallest building". India Today. 15 October 2001. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ Allen's Indian mail and register of intelligence for British and foreign India Published 1870
- ^ Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages, edited by Shiri Ram Bakshi, S.R. Bakshi And O.P. Ralhan, p. 20
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