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Coordinates: 42°52′N 18°26′E / 42.867°N 18.433°E / 42.867; 18.433
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox Settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| image_skyline = File:Bilecko Jezero.jpg
|settlement_type =
| image_caption = Bileća lake
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name =[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Town]] and [[Municipalities of Republika Srpska|municipality]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 =
| subdivision_name = {{Nowrap|{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}}}
|subdivision_name1 =
| subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Entity]]
|subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name1 = {{Nowrap|{{Flag|Republika Srpska}}}}
|subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type2 = Geographical [[region]]
|timezone=[[Central European Time|CET]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Herzegovina]]
|utc_offset=+1
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
|utc_offset_DST = +2
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|unit_pref=
| utc_offset_DST = +2
|map_caption =Location of Bileća within Bosnia and Herzegovina
| unit_pref =
|latNS=N
| map_caption = Location of Bileća within Bosnia and Herzegovina
|longEW=E
| native_name = Билећа
|population_as_of= 1991
| official_name = Bileća
|native_name = Билећа
| other_name =
|official_name = Bileća
| image_flag = Flag of the Duchy of Saint Sava.svg
|other_name =
| image_map = Bileća municipality.svg
|image_flag = Flag of the Duchy of Herzegovina.svg
| area_blank1_title = Town
|image_seal =Grb bilece.jpg
| area_blank1_km2 =
|image_map = Bileća municipality.svg
| area_blank2_title = Municipality
|area_total_km2 = 633|population_blank1 = 15000|population_blank1_title=Municipality|
| area_blank2_km2 = 632.33
|population_total = 13,284
| population_as_of = 2013 census
||parts_type=Settlements|
| population_blank1_title = Town
parts = 61 (1991.)
| population_blank1 = 8220
|latd =|latm=
| population_density_blank1_km2 = auto
|longd=|longm=
| population_blank2_title = Municipality
|area_code = 59
| population_blank2 = 10807
|website = http://opstinabileca.org/
| population_density_blank2_km2 = auto
|footnotes =
| parts_type = Settlements
||leader_title=[[Mayor]]|
| parts = 61 (2013.)
leader_name = Miladin Samardžić ([[Serb Democratic Party|SDS]]) [http://www.izbori.ba/documents/Rezultati%20izbora%202004/Utvrdjeni/2004NacelniciRS.pdf]
| coordinates = {{coord|42|52|N|18|26|E|region:BA_type:city|display=inline, title}}
|leader_party =
| area_code = 59
|
| website = {{URL|opstinabileca.ba}}
|}}
| footnotes =
| leader_title = Municipal&nbsp;mayor
| leader_name = Miodrag Parežanin
| leader_party = [[Alliance of Independent Social Democrats|SNSD]]
| name =
| image_map1 = Bileća-naselja.PNG
| image_shield = Grb Bileca.png
}}


[[File:Bileca, rakousko-uherske mestanske domy.jpg|thumb|Architecture in the city centre]]
{{Copyedit|date=May 2009}}
[[File:Vidovdanska crkva (Bileća) 17.jpg|thumb|Serbian Orthodox Vidovdanska church]]
'''Bileća''' ([[Serbian Cyrillic]]: Билећа) is a town and municipality in the southeast of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in the entity of [[Republika Srpska]].
[[File:Bileca, katolicky vojensky kostel (bez veze).jpg|thumb|Catholic church]]

[[File:Bilećko jezero (Bileća) 05.jpg|thumb|Bileća lake]]
==Geography==
'''Bileća''' ({{lang-sr-cyrl|Билећа}}) is a town and municipality in [[Republika Srpska]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. As of 2013, the town has a population of 7,476 inhabitants, while the municipality has 10,807 inhabitants.
It is in eastern [[Herzegovina]] near the border with [[Montenegro]] and north of [[Trebinje]] and south of [[Gacko]]. Administratively, Bileća is part of the [[Trebinje Region]].


==History==
==History==
The first traces of civilization in Bileća date from the [[Neolithic period]], although archaeological sites are insufficiently explored.
The first traces of civilization in Bileća date from the Neolithic period, although archaeological sites are insufficiently explored. The first written documentation of Bileća as an inhabited place can be found in Dubrovnik documents dating from 1286, when it is mentioned under the name Bilechia. Bileća is mentioned in the 14th and 15th century as an important cross road town in caravan routes. A document dated 8th September 1388, mentions that the army of duke Vlatko Vuković defeated the Turkish army. In the period from 13th to 16th century in the history of this area is a large number of the "stećci" monolith markers which weigh up to 5 tons. Bileća was held by the Turks from 1466, although this was a rebellious area difficult to control. Nearby, there lies the town of Vučji Do, in which the [[Battle of Vučji Do]] took place in [[1876]] . The Berlin's Congress included Bileća in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which brought economic development to the region. The first primary school in Bileća was opened in 1880.

During the [[Middle Ages]], Bileća was located on the border with the [[župa]] of Vrm and the nearby [[Vlachs|Vlach]] [[necropolis]], and was often mentioned as an important crossroad location for caravans on the route from [[Dubrovnik]] to [[Nikšić]] and [[Ključ, Gacko|Ključ]], near Gacko.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ciobanu |first1=Octavian |title=The emergence of Vlach necropolises with petroglyphs in Western Balkans |journal=Revista de Etnologie şi Culturologie |date=2018 |volume=XXIV |page=7}}</ref><ref name="Detelić">{{cite book |last=Detelić |first=Mirjana |title=Epski gradovi. Leksikon |trans-title=Epic Cities. A lexicon |date=2007 |publisher=Balkanološkog instituta SANU |location=Belgrade |isbn=9788671790406 |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dk0WAQAAIAAJ}}</ref> The town became part of the [[Banate of Bosnia|Bosnian state]] for the first time in 1373, after the defeat of [[Nikola Altomanović]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ćirković|first=Sima|title=Živeti sa istorijom|publisher=Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji|year=2020|location=Belgrade|pages=218}}</ref> but the first mention of the town under its present name was from 25 January 1387, while it was also mentioned as ''Bilechia'' in 1438.<ref name="Detelić" /> A document dated from 8 September 1388 mentions that the army of the duke [[Vlatko Vuković]] defeated the [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish army]] at the [[Battle of Bileća]].

The period from the 13th to the 16th century was marked by the building of a large number of [[Stećak|stećci]]. There were 1724 [[stećak]] monoliths recorded in Bileća area during the 1970s, with later research suggesting a higher number.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Историја – Званична презентација општине Билећа |url=https://www.opstinabileca.ba/istorija/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> Grebenice-Bunčići site of stećak monuments near [[Baljci, Bileća|Baljci]] is included in the UNESCO World Heritage list.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Ste&#x107;ci Medieval Tombstone Graveyards |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1504/maps/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref>

Bileća was held by the Turks from 1466, although it was a rebellious area that was difficult to control. During [[Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)|Herzegovina Uprising]] one of the crucial battles occurred in July 1876 about 6km east of Bileća. Led by [[Nicholas I of Montenegro|Prince Nikola]], joint forces of Montenegrin and Herzegovian battalions defeated the Turks in the [[Battle of Vučji Do]], forcing them to withdraw towards [[Trebinje]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ipamonte |date=2016-07-30 |title=140 godina od bitke na Vučjem dolu |url=https://ipamontenegro.me/140-godina-od-bitke-na-vucjem-dolu/ |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=IPA Montenegro |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Congress of Berlin]] in 1878 included Bileća in the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]], which brought economic development to the region. The first primary school in Bileća was opened in 1880.<ref name=":0" />

<gallery class="center">
File:Bileća - panoramio (2).jpg|Necropolis of [[stećak]] tombstones in Bileća
File:Stara fortifikacijska utvrda Drakuljica kod Bilece - panoramio.jpg|Old fortification Drakuljica
File:Korička jama i spomenik korićkim žrtvama 11.jpg|A pit in which [[Ustaše]] threw killed Serb civilians from Bileća, a part of the wider [[Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia|Genocide of Serbs]]
File:Bilećki partizanski bataljon.jpg|[[Yugoslav Partisans]] from Bileća
File:Парк Народних хероја са костурницом, Билећа.jpg|Park of People's Hero
</gallery>

==Settlements==
Aside from the town of Bileća, the municipality includes the following settlements:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Baljci, Bileća|Baljci]]
* [[Bijela Rudina]]
* [[Bijeljani]]
* [[Bodenik]]
* [[Bogdašići, Bileća|Bogdašići]]
* [[Brestice, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Brestice]]
* [[Čepelica]]
* [[Deleuša]]
* [[Divin, Bileća|Divin]]
* [[Dlakoše]]
* [[Dola, Bileća|Dola]]
* [[Donja Meka Gruda]]
* [[Donji Davidovići]]
* [[Đeče]]
* [[Fatnica]]
* [[Golobrđe]]
* [[Gornja Meka Gruda]]
* [[Gornji Davidovići]]
* [[Granica, Bileća|Granica]]
* [[Hodžići, Bileća|Hodžići]]
* [[Kačanj]]
* [[Kalac, Bileća|Kalac]]
* [[Korita, Bileća|Korita]]
* [[Krivača, Bileća|Krivača]]
* [[Krstače]]
* [[Kukričje]]
* [[Kuti, Bileća|Kuti]]
* [[Lađevići, Bileća|Lađevići]]
* [[Milavići]]
* [[Mirilovići]]
* [[Miruše]]
* [[Mrežica, Bileća|Mrežica]]
* [[Narat]]
* [[Njeganovići]]
* [[Oblo Brdo]]
* [[Orah, Bileća|Orah]]
* [[Orahovice (Bileća)|Orahovice]]
* [[Pađeni]]
* [[Panik, Bileća|Panik]]
* [[Plana, Bileća|Plana]]
* [[Podgorje, Bileća|Podgorje]]
* [[Podosoje, Bileća|Podosoje]]
* [[Preraca]]
* [[Prijevor, Bileća|Prijevor]]
* [[Prisoje, Bileća|Prisoje]]
* [[Rioca]]
* [[Selišta, Bileća|Selišta]]
* [[Simijova]]
* [[Skrobotno]]
* [[Šobadine]]
* [[Todorići, Bileća|Todorići]]
* [[Torič]]
* [[Trnovica, Bileća|Trnovica]]
* [[Vlahinja, Bileća|Vlahinja]]
* [[Vranjska, Bileća|Vranjska]]
* [[Vrbica, Bileća|Vrbica]]
* [[Zasada]]
* [[Zaušje]]
* [[Zvijerina]]
* [[Žudojevići]]
{{div col end}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
In the estimate of 2005, the population of the Bileća municipality was at 12,000 residents, including:
*11,920 [[Serbs]] (99.3%)
*80 [[Bosniaks]] (0.7%)


=== Population ===
According to the 1910 census, the absolute majority in the Bileća municipality were Orthodox Christians (82.27%). According to the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] 1931 population census, the absolute majority was held by [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christians]] ''81.27%''.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="9" |Population of settlements – Bileća municipality
|-
|
|Settlement
|1948.
|1953.
|1961.
|1971.
|1981.
|1991.
|2013.
|-
|
|Total
|13,531
|14.026
|14,125
|13,444
|13,199
|13,284
|10,807
|-
|1
|Baljci
|
|
|
|
|
|417
|293
|-
|2
|'''Bileća'''
|1,270
|1,563
|2,491
|4,033
|5,763
|7,568
|7,476
|-
|3
|Podosoje
|
|
|
|
|
|971
|1,055
|}


===Ethnic composition===
{| class=wikitable
According to the 1910 census, the absolute majority in the Bileća municipality were Orthodox Christians (82.27%). According to the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] 1931 population census, the majority was held by [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christians]] at ''81.27%''.
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
{| class="wikitable"
! year of census !! total !! [[Serbs]] !! [[Muslims]] !! [[Croats]] !! [[Yugoslavs]] !! others
! colspan="8" |Ethnic composition – Bileća town
|-
|-
|
|~1991~ || 13,284 || 10,628 (80.00%) || 1,947 (14.65%) || 39 (0.29%) || 222 (1.67%) || 448 (3.37%)
|2013.
|1991.
|1981.
|1971.
|-
|-
|Total
|~1981~ || 13,199 || 10,190 (77.20%) || 1,803 (13.66%) || 44 (0.33%) || 727 (5.50%) || 435 (3.29%)
|7,616 (100,0%)
|7,568 (100,0%)
|5,763 (100,0%)
|4,033 (100,0%)
|-
|-
|Serbs
|~1971~ || 13,444 || 2,079 (15.46%) || 10,880 (80.92%)|| 82 (0.60%) || 69 (0.51%) || 334 (2.51%)
|7,500 (98,5%)
|5,619 (74,25%)
|3,882 (67,36%)
|2,810 (69,68%)
|-
|Bosniaks
|7 (0,1%)
|1,290 (17,05%)
|841 (14,59%)
|828 (20,53%)
|-
|Others
|90 (1,2%)
|411 (5,431%)
|26 (0,451%)
|36 (0,893%)
|-
|Yugoslavs
|
|209 (2,762%)
|651 (11,30%)
|64 (1,587%)
|-
|Croats
|19 (0,2%)
|39 (0,515%)
|42 (0,729%)
|82 (2,033%)
|-
|Montenegrins
|
|
|286 (4,963%)
|190 (4,711%)
|-
|Macedonians
|
|
|23 (0,399%)
|14 (0,347%)
|-
|Albanians
|
|
|7 (0,121%)
|1 (0,025%)
|-
|Slovenes
|
|
|5 (0,087%)
|8 (0,198%)
|}
<br />
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="8" |Ethnic composition – Bileća municipality
|-
|
|2013.
|1991.
|1981.
|1971.
|-
|Total
|10,807 (100,0%)
|13,284 (100,0%)
|13,199 (100,0%)
|13,444 (100,0%)
|-
|Serbs
|10,646 (98,51%)
|10,628 (80,01%)
|10,190 (77,20%)
|10,880 (80,93%)
|-
|Others
|114 (1,055%)
|448 (3,372%)
|34 (0,258%)
|50 (0,372%)
|-
|Bosniaks
|26 (0,241%)
|1,947 (14,66%)
|1,803 (13,66%)
|2,079 (15,46%)
|-
|Croats
|21 (0,194%)
|39 (0,294%)
|44 (0,333%)
|82 (0,610%)
|-
|Yugoslavs
|
|222 (1,671%)
|773 (5,857%)
|69 (0,513%)
|-
|Montenegrins
|
|
|317 (2,402%)
|261 (1,941%)
|-
|Macedonians
|
|
|24 (0,182%)
|14 (0,104%)
|-
|Albanians
|
|
|8 (0,061%)
|1 (0,007%)
|-
|Slovenes
|
|
|6 (0,045%)
|8 (0,060%)
|}
|}


==Economy==
=== The town of Bileća===
[[File:Брана Клиње, Билећа.jpg|thumb|right|Dam on Klinje Lake]]
{| class=wikitable
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in professional fields per their core activity (as of 2018):<ref name="stats2018">{{cite web |title=Cities and Municipalities of Republika Srpska |url=http://www2.rzs.rs.ba/enwiki/static/uploads/bilteni/gradovi_i_opstine_republike_srpske/2019/Gradovi_I_Opstine_Republike_Srpske_2019_WEB.pdf |website=rzs.rs.ba |publisher=Republika Srspka Institute of Statistics |access-date=31 December 2019 |format=PDF |date=25 December 2019}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
! year of census !! total !![[Serbs]] !! [[Muslims]] !! [[Croats]] !! [[Yugoslavs]] !!
|-
|-
! Professional field
|~1978~ || 5,140 || 514 (90%) || 4626 (10%)|| 0 % || 0%
! Total
|-
|Agriculture, forestry and fishing||align="right"|2
|-
|Mining and quarrying||align="right"|1
|-
|Manufacturing||align="right"|377
|-
|Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply||align="right"|78
|-
|Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities||align="right"|107
|-
|Construction||align="right"|195
|-
|Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles||align="right"|267
|-
|Transportation and storage||align="right"|86
|-
|Accommodation and food services||align="right"|81
|-
|Information and communication||align="right"|25
|-
|Financial and insurance activities||align="right"|18
|-
|Real estate activities||align="right"|-
|-
|Professional, scientific and technical activities||align="right"|22
|-
|Administrative and support service activities||align="right"|4
|-
|Public administration and defense; compulsory social security||align="right"|225
|-
|Education||align="right"|193
|-
|Human health and social work activities||align="right"|80
|-
|Arts, entertainment and recreation||align="right"|42
|-
|Other service activities||align="right"|31
|- class="sortbottom"
|'''Total'''||align="right"|'''1,834'''
|}
|}


==Sports==
==Settlements in Bileća municipality, 1991.==
The local football club [[FK Hercegovac Bileća|FK Hercegovac]] has spent one season in the country's second tier — [[First League of the Republika Srpska]].
total: 61


==Climate==
Baljci, Bijela Rudina, Bijeljani, Bileća, Bodenik, Bogdašići, Brestice, Čepelica, Deleuša, Divin, Dječe, Dlakoše, Dola, Donja Meka Gruda, Donji Davidovići, Fatnica, Golobrđe, Gornja Meka Gruda, Gornji Davidovići, Granica, Hodžići, Kačanj, Kalac, Korita, Krivača, Krstače, Kukričje, Kuti, Lađevići, Milavići, Mirilovići, Miruše, Mrežica, Narat, Njeganovići, Oblo Brdo, Orah, Orahovice, Pađeni, Panik, Plana, Podgorje, Podosoje, Preraca, Prijevor, Prisoje, Rioca, Selišta, Simijova, Skrobotno, Šobadine, Todorići, Torić, Trnovica, Vlahinja, Vranjska, Vrbica, Zasada, Zaušje, Zvijerina and Žudojevići.
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| single line = yes
| metric first = yes
| location = Bileća (1991–2020)
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan high C = 8.9
| Feb high C = 10.2
| Mar high C = 14.3
| Apr high C = 16.7
| May high C = 21.1
| Jun high C = 26.7
| Jul high C = 28.1
| Aug high C = 30.6
| Sep high C = 25.6
| Oct high C = 17.6
| Nov high C = 13.8
| Dec high C = 9.1
| year high C = 18.6
| Jan mean C = 3.8
| Feb mean C = 4.9
| Mar mean C = 7.9
| Apr mean C = 11.4
| May mean C = 16.1
| Jun mean C = 20.8
| Jul mean C = 23.2
| Aug mean C = 23.2
| Sep mean C = 17.7
| Oct mean C = 13.3
| Nov mean C = 8.9
| Dec mean C = 4.8
| year mean C = 13.0
| Jan low C = -0.5
| Feb low C = -0.5
| Mar low C = 2.8
| Apr low C = 5.3
| May low C = 9.6
| Jun low C = 13.2
| Jul low C = 15.3
| Aug low C = 15.3
| Sep low C = 11.8
| Oct low C = 7.5
| Nov low C = 4.2
| Dec low C = 0.2
| year low C = 7.0
| Jan precipitation mm = 147.8
| Feb precipitation mm = 149.8
| Mar precipitation mm = 133.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 120.3
| May precipitation mm = 99.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 76.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 53.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 58.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 125.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 179.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 224.2
| Dec precipitation mm = 198.5
| year precipitation mm = 1566.3
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 9.8
| Feb precipitation days = 9.9
| Mar precipitation days = 9.5
| Apr precipitation days = 9.7
| May precipitation days = 9.5
| Jun precipitation days = 7.6
| Jul precipitation days = 5.1
| Aug precipitation days = 5.2
| Sep precipitation days = 8.0
| Oct precipitation days = 9.4
| Nov precipitation days = 11.1
| Dec precipitation days = 11.2
| year precipitation days = 106.2
|source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/BosniaAndHerzegovinaRepublicOfSrpska/CSV/Bileca_14667.csv
| title = Bileca Climate Normals 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 4 September 2023}}</ref>
}}


==Notes==
==Notable citizens==
* The [http://www.eparhija-zahumskohercegovacka.com/ Diocese of Zahumlje-Herzegovina and Littoral (official site in Serbian)], [http://www.spc.rs Serbian Orthodox Church (official site in English)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224183438/http://www.spc.rs/ |date=2011-02-24 }}
[[Karl Malden]] (his father, Petar Sekulović was born in Bileća)
* [http://www.ers.ba/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=79&lang=ba Hydroelectric power plants on the Trebisnjica River (near Bileća)]
* Lake Bileća (''Bilećko jezero'') is located south of the town.


==Features==
==Notable people==
[[File:Tijana Bošković in attack (team Serbia, 2017).jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Tijana Bošković]], world and European champion]]
* [http://www.eparhija-zahumskohercegovacka.com/ Diocese of Zahumlje-Herzegovina and Littoral - Serbian Orthodox Church (official site)]
[[File:Dušan Vukotić.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Director [[Dušan Vukotić]] won the [[Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film|Academy Award for Animated Short Film]] in 1961]]
* [[Safet Isović]], singer
* [[Beba Selimović]], singer
* [[Fadil Hadžić]], movie director and writer
* [[Dušan Vukotić]], Oscar for the best animated short in 1961 for [[Surogat]]
* [[Karlo Mijić]], painter
* [[Jevto Dedijer]], writer
* [[Nenad Mišanović]], basketball player
* [[Prokopije Čokorilo]], priest
* [[Ervin Eleskovic]], Swedish tennis player
* [[Tijana Bošković]], Serbian volleyball player, World and European champion, silver medalist at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]]


==See also==
The lake of Bileća (''Bilećko jezero'') is located south of the town.
* [[Municipalities of Republika Srpska]]


==References==
[[Image:Bilecko Jezero.jpg|thumb|center|350px|Bileća Lake]]
<references />
* [http://www.ers.ba/henatrebisnjici.htm Hydroelectric power station on Trebisnjica river (near Bileca)]


==See also==
==External links==
{{commons category|Bileća}}
*[[Municipalities of Republika Srpska]]
* [http://www.bilecainfo.com BILECA info site]
* {{official website|http://www.opstinabileca.ba/}}
* [http://www.bileca.org Portal Site www.bileca.org]
{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}


{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{coord|42|52|N|18|26|E|region:BA_type:city|display=title}}
{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Bileca}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bileca}}
[[Category:Bileća| ]]
[[Category:Bileća| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Bileća]]

[[bs:Bileća]]
[[bg:Билеча]]
[[cs:Bileća]]
[[de:Bileća]]
[[fr:Bileća]]
[[hr:Bileća]]
[[it:Bileća]]
[[he:בילצ'ה]]
[[nl:Bileća]]
[[pl:Bileća]]
[[sr:Билећа]]
[[sh:Bileća]]

Latest revision as of 16:52, 26 November 2024

Bileća
Билећа
Town and municipality
Bileća lake
Bileća lake
Flag of Bileća
Flag
Coat of arms of Bileća
Coat of arms
Location of Bileća within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Location of Bileća within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Location of Bileća
Coordinates: 42°52′N 18°26′E / 42.867°N 18.433°E / 42.867; 18.433
Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity Republika Srpska
Geographical regionHerzegovina
Settlements61 (2013.)
Government
 • Municipal mayorMiodrag Parežanin (SNSD)
 • Municipality632.33 km2 (244.14 sq mi)
Population
 (2013 census)
 • Town
8,220
 • Municipality
10,807
 • Municipality density17/km2 (44/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code59
Websiteopstinabileca.ba
Architecture in the city centre
Serbian Orthodox Vidovdanska church
Catholic church
Bileća lake

Bileća (Serbian Cyrillic: Билећа) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town has a population of 7,476 inhabitants, while the municipality has 10,807 inhabitants.

History

[edit]

The first traces of civilization in Bileća date from the Neolithic period, although archaeological sites are insufficiently explored.

During the Middle Ages, Bileća was located on the border with the župa of Vrm and the nearby Vlach necropolis, and was often mentioned as an important crossroad location for caravans on the route from Dubrovnik to Nikšić and Ključ, near Gacko.[1][2] The town became part of the Bosnian state for the first time in 1373, after the defeat of Nikola Altomanović,[3] but the first mention of the town under its present name was from 25 January 1387, while it was also mentioned as Bilechia in 1438.[2] A document dated from 8 September 1388 mentions that the army of the duke Vlatko Vuković defeated the Turkish army at the Battle of Bileća.

The period from the 13th to the 16th century was marked by the building of a large number of stećci. There were 1724 stećak monoliths recorded in Bileća area during the 1970s, with later research suggesting a higher number.[4] Grebenice-Bunčići site of stećak monuments near Baljci is included in the UNESCO World Heritage list.[5]

Bileća was held by the Turks from 1466, although it was a rebellious area that was difficult to control. During Herzegovina Uprising one of the crucial battles occurred in July 1876 about 6km east of Bileća. Led by Prince Nikola, joint forces of Montenegrin and Herzegovian battalions defeated the Turks in the Battle of Vučji Do, forcing them to withdraw towards Trebinje.[6]

The Congress of Berlin in 1878 included Bileća in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which brought economic development to the region. The first primary school in Bileća was opened in 1880.[4]

Settlements

[edit]

Aside from the town of Bileća, the municipality includes the following settlements:

Demographics

[edit]

Population

[edit]
Population of settlements – Bileća municipality
Settlement 1948. 1953. 1961. 1971. 1981. 1991. 2013.
Total 13,531 14.026 14,125 13,444 13,199 13,284 10,807
1 Baljci 417 293
2 Bileća 1,270 1,563 2,491 4,033 5,763 7,568 7,476
3 Podosoje 971 1,055

Ethnic composition

[edit]

According to the 1910 census, the absolute majority in the Bileća municipality were Orthodox Christians (82.27%). According to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1931 population census, the majority was held by Orthodox Christians at 81.27%.

Ethnic composition – Bileća town
2013. 1991. 1981. 1971.
Total 7,616 (100,0%) 7,568 (100,0%) 5,763 (100,0%) 4,033 (100,0%)
Serbs 7,500 (98,5%) 5,619 (74,25%) 3,882 (67,36%) 2,810 (69,68%)
Bosniaks 7 (0,1%) 1,290 (17,05%) 841 (14,59%) 828 (20,53%)
Others 90 (1,2%) 411 (5,431%) 26 (0,451%) 36 (0,893%)
Yugoslavs 209 (2,762%) 651 (11,30%) 64 (1,587%)
Croats 19 (0,2%) 39 (0,515%) 42 (0,729%) 82 (2,033%)
Montenegrins 286 (4,963%) 190 (4,711%)
Macedonians 23 (0,399%) 14 (0,347%)
Albanians 7 (0,121%) 1 (0,025%)
Slovenes 5 (0,087%) 8 (0,198%)


Ethnic composition – Bileća municipality
2013. 1991. 1981. 1971.
Total 10,807 (100,0%) 13,284 (100,0%) 13,199 (100,0%) 13,444 (100,0%)
Serbs 10,646 (98,51%) 10,628 (80,01%) 10,190 (77,20%) 10,880 (80,93%)
Others 114 (1,055%) 448 (3,372%) 34 (0,258%) 50 (0,372%)
Bosniaks 26 (0,241%) 1,947 (14,66%) 1,803 (13,66%) 2,079 (15,46%)
Croats 21 (0,194%) 39 (0,294%) 44 (0,333%) 82 (0,610%)
Yugoslavs 222 (1,671%) 773 (5,857%) 69 (0,513%)
Montenegrins 317 (2,402%) 261 (1,941%)
Macedonians 24 (0,182%) 14 (0,104%)
Albanians 8 (0,061%) 1 (0,007%)
Slovenes 6 (0,045%) 8 (0,060%)

Economy

[edit]
Dam on Klinje Lake

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in professional fields per their core activity (as of 2018):[7]

Professional field Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2
Mining and quarrying 1
Manufacturing 377
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 78
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 107
Construction 195
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 267
Transportation and storage 86
Accommodation and food services 81
Information and communication 25
Financial and insurance activities 18
Real estate activities -
Professional, scientific and technical activities 22
Administrative and support service activities 4
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 225
Education 193
Human health and social work activities 80
Arts, entertainment and recreation 42
Other service activities 31
Total 1,834

Sports

[edit]

The local football club FK Hercegovac has spent one season in the country's second tier — First League of the Republika Srpska.

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Bileća (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.9
(48.0) 		10.2
(50.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		16.7
(62.1) 		21.1
(70.0) 		26.7
(80.1) 		28.1
(82.6) 		30.6
(87.1) 		25.6
(78.1) 		17.6
(63.7) 		13.8
(56.8) 		9.1
(48.4) 		18.6
(65.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8) 		4.9
(40.8) 		7.9
(46.2) 		11.4
(52.5) 		16.1
(61.0) 		20.8
(69.4) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.2
(73.8) 		17.7
(63.9) 		13.3
(55.9) 		8.9
(48.0) 		4.8
(40.6) 		13.0
(55.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.5
(31.1) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		2.8
(37.0) 		5.3
(41.5) 		9.6
(49.3) 		13.2
(55.8) 		15.3
(59.5) 		15.3
(59.5) 		11.8
(53.2) 		7.5
(45.5) 		4.2
(39.6) 		0.2
(32.4) 		7.0
(44.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 147.8
(5.82) 		149.8
(5.90) 		133.5
(5.26) 		120.3
(4.74) 		99.8
(3.93) 		76.8
(3.02) 		53.5
(2.11) 		58.1
(2.29) 		125.1
(4.93) 		179.0
(7.05) 		224.2
(8.83) 		198.5
(7.81) 		1,566.3
(61.67)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9.8 9.9 9.5 9.7 9.5 7.6 5.1 5.2 8.0 9.4 11.1 11.2 106.2
Source: NOAA[8]

Notes

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]
Tijana Bošković, world and European champion
Director Dušan Vukotić won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film in 1961

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ciobanu, Octavian (2018). "The emergence of Vlach necropolises with petroglyphs in Western Balkans". Revista de Etnologie şi Culturologie. XXIV: 7.
  2. ^ a b Detelić, Mirjana (2007). Epski gradovi. Leksikon [Epic Cities. A lexicon]. Belgrade: Balkanološkog instituta SANU. p. 53. ISBN 9788671790406.
  3. ^ Ćirković, Sima (2020). Živeti sa istorijom. Belgrade: Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji. p. 218.
  4. ^ a b "Историја – Званична презентација општине Билећа". Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  5. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Stećci Medieval Tombstone Graveyards". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2024-08-22.
  6. ^ ipamonte (2016-07-30). "140 godina od bitke na Vučjem dolu". IPA Montenegro. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  7. ^ "Cities and Municipalities of Republika Srpska" (PDF). rzs.rs.ba. Republika Srspka Institute of Statistics. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  8. ^ "Bileca Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
[edit]
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