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{{Short description|Indian independence activist and lawyer}}
<!-- Image with questionable fair-use claim removed: [[Image:1294.jpg|thumb|200px|Sarat Bose on an official postage stamp issued by Government of India.]] -->
{{Other uses|Sarat Chandra (disambiguation){{!}}Sarat Chandra}}
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'''Sarat Chandra Bose''' (September [[1889]] - February 20, 1950) was a [[barrister]] and [[Freedom fighters of India|Indian freedom fighter]]. He was the elder brother of [[Subhash Chandra Bose]].
{{EngvarB|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Sarat Chandra Bose.jpg
⚫
| name = Sarat Chandra Bose
| caption = Sarat Chandra Bose, {{circa|1940}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1889|09|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British India]]<br />{{small|(now [[Odisha]], [[India]])}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1950|2|20|1889|09|06|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Politician]]|[[barrister]]|[[freedom fighter]]}}
| spouse = {{Marriage|Bivabati Devi|1909}}
| father = [[Janakinath Bose]]
| mother = [[Prabhabati Bose (Dutt)|Prabhavati Dutt]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]<br>[[Lincoln's Inn]]
| known_for = [[Freedom fighters of India|Indian independence activist]]
| relatives = [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] (brother)
| office = [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee|President of West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]]
}}
⚫
'''Sarat Chandra Bose''' (6 September 1889 – 20 February 1950) was an Indian [[barrister]] and [[Freedom fighters of India|independence activist]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
He was born to [[Janakinath Bose]] (father) and [[Prabhabati Bose (Dutt)|Prabhabati Devi]] in [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]] on 6 September 1889. The family originally hailed from [[Kodalia]] (now [[Subhashgram]]), [[South 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]].<ref>''Subhash Chandra Bose: A Biography'', Chattopadhyaya, Gautam, National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi, 1997, p. 1</ref> He belonged to the [[Kulin Kayastha]] family. His father was descended from the Boses of Mahinagar ([[South 24 Parganas]]) while his mother [[Prabhabati Bose (Dutt)|Prabhabati Devi]] was part of the famous Dutta family of Hatkhola in north Kolkata.<ref>''An Indian Pilgrim: An Unfinished Autobiography And Collected Letters 1897-1921'', Subhas Chandra Bose, Asia Publishing House, London, 1965, p. 1</ref> She gave birth to fourteen children, six daughters and eight sons, among whom were leftist leader Sarat Chandra Bose, [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]] and distinguished cardiologist Dr. Sunil Chandra Bose. Sarat had two elder sisters. They were Pramilabala Mitra and Saralabala Dey. He had an elder brother, Satish Chandra Bose (1887 — 1948). He had six younger brothers, namely: Suresh Chandra Bose (1891 — 1972), Sudhir Chandra Bose (1892 — 10 February 1950), Dr. Sunil Chandra Bose (1894 — 17 November 1953), [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] (23 January 1897 — 18 August 1945), Shailesh Chandra Bose (1904 — 1984) and Santosh Chandra Bose. He had four younger sisters, they were Tarubala Roy, Malina Dutta, Pratibha Mitra, and Kanaklata Mitra.
Born to [[Janakinath Bose]] and [[Bibhabati Bose]] (née [[Dey]]) in Calcutta on 6 September 1889, Sarat Bose studied in [[Presidency College, Calcutta]] and then went to [[England]] in 1911 to become a [[Barrister]]. He began a successful legal practice upon his return to India, but later abandoned it to join the [[Indian independence movement]]. He joined the [[Indian National Congress]] and participated in the [[Non-Cooperation Movement]]. He was strongly influenced by the leadership of [[Chittaranjan Das]], a leading Bengali nationalist.

Sarat Bose studied in [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]], [[Scottish Church College]], then affiliated with the [[University of Calcutta]], and then went to England in 1911 to become a barrister. He was called to the bar at [[Lincoln's Inn]]. He began a successful legal practice upon his return to India, but later abandoned it to join the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>.winentrance.com/general_knowledge/arat-chandra-bose.html</ref>


==Political career==
==Political career==
In 1936, Bose became the president of the Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee, and served as a member of the [[All India Congress Committee]] from 1936 to 1947. From 1946 to 1947, Bose would lead the Congress delegation to the [[Central Legislative Assembly]]. He strongly supported the formation of the [[Indian National Army]] by Subhash Bose, and actively participated in the [[Quit India movement]]. Following his brother's death in 1945, Bose would lead efforts to provide relief and aid to the families of INA soldiers through the [[INA Defence and Relief Committee]]. In 1946, he was appointed Member of the Interim Government for Works, Mines and Powers - the position of a minister in a national executive council led by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]], and presided over by the Viceroy of India.
In 1936, Bose became the President of the Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee, and served as a member of the [[All India Congress Committee]] from 1936 till 1947. Sarat Bose was arrested after the escape of Subhas the day before he was due to join as Cabinet Minister in the Fazlul Haq government. He was moved to jail in Mercara and then Coonoor where his health suffered. He was released in September 1945 after a 4 year prison sentence. From 1946 to 1947, Bose would lead the Congress delegation to the [[Central Legislative Assembly]]. He strongly supported the formation of the [[Indian National Army]] by [[Subhash Chandra Bose]] and actively participated in the [[Quit India movement]]. Following his brother's reported death in 1945, Bose led efforts to provide relief and aid to the families of INA soldiers through the [[INA Defence and Relief Committee]]. In 1946, he was appointed Member of the Interim Government for Works, Mines and Powers – the position of a minister in a national executive council led by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]], and presided over by the Viceroy of India.


==Bengal partition and later life==
==Bengal partition and later life==
However, Bose resigned from the AICC in disagreement over the [[1946 Cabinet Mission to India|Cabinet Mission Plan]]'s call to partition [[Bengal]] between [[West Bengal|Hindu-majority]] and [[East Bengal|Muslim-majority]] regions. He attempt to construct a bid for a united but independent Bengal with [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]], the Bengali [[Muslim League]] leader, but this received no support from the Congress or the League, nor the common public. After India's independence, Bose would lead his brother's [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]] and form the [[Socialist Republican Party (India)|Socialist Republican Party]], advocating a socialist system for Bengal and India. He died in 1950, in Calcutta.
However, Bose resigned from the AICC in disagreement over the [[1946 Cabinet Mission to India|Cabinet Mission Plan]]'s call to partition [[Bengal]] between [[West Bengal|Hindu-majority]] and [[East Bengal|Muslim-majority]] regions. He attempted to construct a bid for a [[United Bengal]] and which is [[United Bengal|united but independent Bengal]] and [[North East India|North-East]] with the Bengali [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] leaders [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]] and [[Abul Hashim]]. [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (President of the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]], who became Pakistan's founding father) supported it. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] also supported it. The [[Indian National Congress]] and the Hindu members of Indian Legislative Council from Bengal opposed it.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Bengal|author=R. C. Majumdar|author-link=R. C. Majumdar|date=1943|publisher =University of Dacca |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=0CsLAQAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Christophe Jaffrelot|title=A History of Pakistan and Its Origins|date=2004|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=9781843311492|page=42|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9sI_Y2CKAcC&pg=PA42|ref=scb1}}</ref><ref name=scb2>{{cite web|title=Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy : His Life|url=http://thedailynewnation.com/news/34685/huseyn-shaheed-suhrawardy--his-life.html|website=thedailynewnation.com|access-date=11 January 2015|archive-date=2 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902005915/http://thedailynewnation.com/news/34685/huseyn-shaheed-suhrawardy--his-life.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> After India's independence, Bose led his brother's [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]] and formed the Socialist Republican Party, advocating a socialist system for Bengal and India. He died on 20 February 1950, in Calcutta when he was 60 years old.


==Family==
==Family==
Sarat Bose married Bivabati Dey, the daughter of Akshoy Kumar Dey and Subala Dey, in 1909. The couple had eight children. Their children included [[Ashoke Nath Bose]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.makingindia.co/online-news-english/2017/01/17/history-netaji-subhash-chandra-bose-escaped-kolkata-this-day-1941/|title=How Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose escaped Kolkata this day 1941|access-date=27 October 2019}}</ref> a Doctorate in Chemistry from Germany and eminent engineer; [[Amiya Nath Bose]] who participated in the Quit India Movement, became a Member of Parliament, and was also the Indian ambassador to Burma; [[Sisir Kumar Bose]],<ref>Sisir Kumar Bose, ''Sarat Chandra Bose: Remembering My Father'', Netaji Research Bureau, Kolkata, 2014. {{ISBN|978-93-83098-50-7}}</ref> who became a pediatrician and Member of Legislative Assembly, and [[Subrata Bose]], who was an electrical engineer and also a Member of Parliament. His youngest daughter, Prof. Chitra Ghosh, is a distinguished academic, a social scientist, and also a member of the Parliament. His elder grandson, [[Sugata Bose]], is a Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs at [[Harvard University]] and a former member of the [[Lok Sabha]]. His younger grandson, [[Sumantra Bose]], is a Professor of Comparative Politics at the London School of Economics and Political Science.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/government/people/home.aspx|title=People|first=London School of Economics and Political|last=Science|website=London School of Economics and Political Science|access-date=27 October 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Statue of Sharat Bose.jpg|thumb|Statue of Sharat Chandra Bose in Kolkata]]


==Honours==
The Bose family has remained prominent in public life in Bengal. Sarat Bose married [[Bivabati Dey]] in 1910, who hailed from a prominent aristocratic family of North Kolkata. She was the grandniece of Shyama Charan Dey, a well known public figure of early 19th Century Bengal. Their marriage was attended by luminaries of the day, including Rabindranath Tagore, who also sang few songs on that occasion. They had a large family of eight children, including four sons and four daughters. Among his sons were Ashoke Nath Bose, who was a chemical engineer, Amiya Nath Bose, who was a barrister, [[Dr.]] [[Sisir Kumar Bose]], who was a well-known pediatrician and Member of Parliament, and Subrata Bose, who was an electrical engineer and is presently a Member of Parliament. All four brothers were actively involved in the national movement in the 1940s. Among his daughters are Mira Roy, Gita Biswas, Roma Roy Choudhury and [[Dr.]] [[Chitra Ghosh]], a political scientist, academician and social worker, who is married to [[Subimal Ghosh]], owner of a leading firm of builders and contractors.
A statue of Sarat Chandra Bose is situated beside Calcutta High Court.


In January 2014, Sarat Chandra Bose Memorial Lecture was instituted, and the maiden lecture was delivered by historian of International fame [[Leonard A. Gordon]] - who has penned a joint biography of [[Sarat Chandra Bose|Sarat]] and his younger brother [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Subhas]], titled ''Brothers Against The Raj''.<ref>{{cite web|title=History failed to recognize Sarat Chandra Bose: Leonard Gordon|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/01/history-failed-to-recognize-sarat-chandra-bose-leonard-gordon/|work=IANS|publisher=Biharprabha News|access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref>
Dr. Sisir Bose was a leading doctor and a freedom fighter, who is said to have driven his youngest uncle, Subhas Bose out of their house on Elgin Road and then out of the city in the family's Wanderer, which still stands as an exhibit at the Netaji Research Bureau. His wife, Prof. [[Krishna Bose]], a niece of the author [[Nirad Chaudhuri]], is an academic and was a Member of Parliament. His grandchildren are [[Sugata Bose]] and [[Sarmila Bose]], both well-known Indian historians, and [[Sumantra Bose]], who is a political scientist.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
*[http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/B_0594.htm Bose biography]

*[http://www.archives.lib.soton.ac.uk/mbindex/index291.shtml Brief note]
*[http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Issue%20Date/year/1988/month/9/SARAT%20CHANDRA%20BOSE?PHPSESSID=b5bd4fb0fbea197362b02cdf738d95b6 Bose stamp]
{{Subhas Chandra Bose}}
{{Subhas Chandra Bose}}
{{Bose family}}
{{Indian independence movement}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Bose, Sarat Chandra}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bose, Sarat Chandra}}
[[Category:Alumni of Presidency College, Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]
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[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Indian barristers]]
[[Category:Indian barristers]]
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
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[[Category:Bengali nationalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengalis]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Activists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:All India Forward Bloc politicians]]
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[[Category:United Bengal activists]]

Latest revision as of 20:32, 8 October 2024

For other uses, see Sarat Chandra.

Sarat Chandra Bose
Sarat Chandra Bose, c. 1940
Born(1889-09-06)6 September 1889
Cuttack, Bengal, British India
(now Odisha, India)
Died20 February 1950(1950-02-20) (aged 60)
Calcutta, West Bengal, India
Alma materUniversity of Calcutta
Lincoln's Inn
Occupations
Known forIndian independence activist
OfficePresident of West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee
Spouse
Bivabati Devi
​
(m. 1909)​
Parents
RelativesSubhas Chandra Bose (brother)

Sarat Chandra Bose (6 September 1889 – 20 February 1950) was an Indian barrister and independence activist.

Early life

[edit]

He was born to Janakinath Bose (father) and Prabhabati Devi in Cuttack, Odisha on 6 September 1889. The family originally hailed from Kodalia (now Subhashgram), South 24 Parganas, West Bengal.[1] He belonged to the Kulin Kayastha family. His father was descended from the Boses of Mahinagar (South 24 Parganas) while his mother Prabhabati Devi was part of the famous Dutta family of Hatkhola in north Kolkata.[2] She gave birth to fourteen children, six daughters and eight sons, among whom were leftist leader Sarat Chandra Bose, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and distinguished cardiologist Dr. Sunil Chandra Bose. Sarat had two elder sisters. They were Pramilabala Mitra and Saralabala Dey. He had an elder brother, Satish Chandra Bose (1887 — 1948). He had six younger brothers, namely: Suresh Chandra Bose (1891 — 1972), Sudhir Chandra Bose (1892 — 10 February 1950), Dr. Sunil Chandra Bose (1894 — 17 November 1953), Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 — 18 August 1945), Shailesh Chandra Bose (1904 — 1984) and Santosh Chandra Bose. He had four younger sisters, they were Tarubala Roy, Malina Dutta, Pratibha Mitra, and Kanaklata Mitra.

Sarat Bose studied in Presidency College, Scottish Church College, then affiliated with the University of Calcutta, and then went to England in 1911 to become a barrister. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn. He began a successful legal practice upon his return to India, but later abandoned it to join the Indian independence movement.[3]

Political career

[edit]

In 1936, Bose became the President of the Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee, and served as a member of the All India Congress Committee from 1936 till 1947. Sarat Bose was arrested after the escape of Subhas the day before he was due to join as Cabinet Minister in the Fazlul Haq government. He was moved to jail in Mercara and then Coonoor where his health suffered. He was released in September 1945 after a 4 year prison sentence. From 1946 to 1947, Bose would lead the Congress delegation to the Central Legislative Assembly. He strongly supported the formation of the Indian National Army by Subhash Chandra Bose and actively participated in the Quit India movement. Following his brother's reported death in 1945, Bose led efforts to provide relief and aid to the families of INA soldiers through the INA Defence and Relief Committee. In 1946, he was appointed Member of the Interim Government for Works, Mines and Powers – the position of a minister in a national executive council led by Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and presided over by the Viceroy of India.

Bengal partition and later life

[edit]

However, Bose resigned from the AICC in disagreement over the Cabinet Mission Plan's call to partition Bengal between Hindu-majority and Muslim-majority regions. He attempted to construct a bid for a United Bengal and which is united but independent Bengal and North-East with the Bengali Muslim League leaders Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and Abul Hashim. Muhammad Ali Jinnah (President of the Muslim League, who became Pakistan's founding father) supported it. Mahatma Gandhi also supported it. The Indian National Congress and the Hindu members of Indian Legislative Council from Bengal opposed it.[4][5][6] After India's independence, Bose led his brother's Forward Bloc and formed the Socialist Republican Party, advocating a socialist system for Bengal and India. He died on 20 February 1950, in Calcutta when he was 60 years old.

Family

[edit]

Sarat Bose married Bivabati Dey, the daughter of Akshoy Kumar Dey and Subala Dey, in 1909. The couple had eight children. Their children included Ashoke Nath Bose,[7] a Doctorate in Chemistry from Germany and eminent engineer; Amiya Nath Bose who participated in the Quit India Movement, became a Member of Parliament, and was also the Indian ambassador to Burma; Sisir Kumar Bose,[8] who became a pediatrician and Member of Legislative Assembly, and Subrata Bose, who was an electrical engineer and also a Member of Parliament. His youngest daughter, Prof. Chitra Ghosh, is a distinguished academic, a social scientist, and also a member of the Parliament. His elder grandson, Sugata Bose, is a Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs at Harvard University and a former member of the Lok Sabha. His younger grandson, Sumantra Bose, is a Professor of Comparative Politics at the London School of Economics and Political Science.[9]

Statue of Sharat Chandra Bose in Kolkata

Honours

[edit]

A statue of Sarat Chandra Bose is situated beside Calcutta High Court.

In January 2014, Sarat Chandra Bose Memorial Lecture was instituted, and the maiden lecture was delivered by historian of International fame Leonard A. Gordon - who has penned a joint biography of Sarat and his younger brother Subhas, titled Brothers Against The Raj.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Subhash Chandra Bose: A Biography, Chattopadhyaya, Gautam, National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi, 1997, p. 1
  2. ^ An Indian Pilgrim: An Unfinished Autobiography And Collected Letters 1897-1921, Subhas Chandra Bose, Asia Publishing House, London, 1965, p. 1
  3. ^ .winentrance.com/general_knowledge/arat-chandra-bose.html
  4. ^ R. C. Majumdar (1943). History of Bengal. University of Dacca.
  5. ^ Christophe Jaffrelot (2004). A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. Anthem Press. p. 42. ISBN 9781843311492.
  6. ^ "Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy : His Life". thedailynewnation.com. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  7. ^ "How Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose escaped Kolkata this day 1941". Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  8. ^ Sisir Kumar Bose, Sarat Chandra Bose: Remembering My Father, Netaji Research Bureau, Kolkata, 2014. ISBN 978-93-83098-50-7
  9. ^ Science, London School of Economics and Political. "People". London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  10. ^ "History failed to recognize Sarat Chandra Bose: Leonard Gordon". IANS. Biharprabha News. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
[edit]

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