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{{short description|Musical group or choir group}}
[[Image:PostcardNorthfieldMNCarletonCollegeGleeClub1913.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Carleton College Glee Club, 1913]]
{{About|musical/choir group|other uses|Glee club (disambiguation)}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:1960_Cornell_University_Glee_Club.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The [[Cornell University]] [[Cornell University Glee Club|Glee Club]] in 1960.]] -->
{{use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Otheruses}}
{{use American English|date=July 2023}}
[[File:Miami University Men's Glee Club 1907.jpg|thumb|400px|The [[Miami University Glee Club]] in 1907]]
A '''glee club''' is a musical group or choir group, historically of male voices but also of female or mixed voices, which traditionally specializes in the singing of short songs by trios or quartets. In the late 19th century it was very popular in most schools and was made a tradition to have in American high schools from then on.


A '''glee club''' is a musical group, historically of male voices but also of girls or mixed voices, which traditionally specializes in the singing of short songs&mdash;[[Glee_(music)|glees]]&mdash;by trios or quartets. The first named Glee Club was founded in [[London]], [[UK]], in 1787.<ref name="firstgleeclub">{{cite journal
Glee clubs were named after a form of English [[part song]], called a [[Glee (music)|glee]], which they typically sang. The first named Glee Club held its initial meeting in the Newcastle Coffee House in [[London]] in 1787.<ref name="firstgleeclub">{{cite journal
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bbYPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA324&dq=history+of+%22glee+clubs%22&lr=&as_brr=1&client=firefox-a#PPA324,M1
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbYPAAAAYAAJ&q=history+of+%22glee+clubs%22&pg=PA324
|last=Bacon
|first=Richard Mackenzie
|author-link=Richard Mackenzie Bacon
|title=The Catch and Glee Clubs
|title=The Catch and Glee Clubs
|journal=The Quarterly musical magazine and review
|journal=The Quarterly Musical Magazine and Review
|volume=II
|volume=II |issue=VII
|pages=328ff |location=London |year=1820
|issue=VII
}}</ref> Glee clubs were very popular in Britain from then until the mid-1850s but by then they were gradually being superseded by larger choral societies. By the mid-20th century, proper ''glee'' clubs were no longer common.
|pages=328ff
|location=London
|date=1820
}}</ref> Glee clubs were very popular in the UK from then until the mid 1850s but by then they were gradually being superseded by choral societies. By the mid-20th century, proper glee clubs were no longer common. However the term remained (and remains) in use, primarily for [[choir]]s found in [[Japan]]ese and [[North America]]n [[college]]s and [[university|universities]] despite the fact that most American glee clubs are choruses in the standard sense and no longer perform glees. ''Glee'' in this context does not refer to the mood of the music or of its singers, but to a specific form of English part song popular between 1650 and 1900, the [[Glee (music)|glee]].


Testifying to the importance of glee clubs in 19th Century America, Henry Stone, a Union veteran of the [[American Civil War]], recalled that "A glee club came down from Chicago, bringing with them the new song, "We'll rally 'round the flag, boys" ([[Battle Cry of Freedom]]), and it ran through the camp like wildfire. The effect was little short of miraculous. It put as much spirit and cheer into the army as a victory."
The oldest glee clubs in the [[United States]] are the [[Harvard Glee Club]], founded in 1858;<ref>{{citeweb

The term remains in contemporary use, for [[show choir]]s established in [[North America]]n [[college]]s, [[university|universities]], and high schools, although most American glee clubs are choruses in the standard sense, and rarely perform ''glees''.

==Oldest United States collegiate glee clubs==
[[File:Hoover with Harvard Glee Club, 4-8-29 LCCN2016843635.tif|thumb| President [[Herbert Hoover]] with the [[Harvard Glee Club]] on April 8, 1929]]
The oldest [[List of collegiate glee clubs|collegiate glee clubs in the United States]] are, by year of foundation:
* 1858: [[Harvard Glee Club]]<ref>{{cite web
|title=History of the Harvard Glee Club
|title=History of the Harvard Glee Club
|url=http://www.harvardgleeclub.org/info/history/
|url=http://www.harvardgleeclub.org/info/history/
|accessdate=2009-10-15
|access-date=2009-10-15
}}</ref>
}}</ref> the [[University of Michigan Men's Glee Club]], founded in 1859; the [[Yale Glee Club]], founded in 1861; the [[Amherst College]] and [[The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club]], both founded in 1862;<ref>{{cite web
* 1859: [[University of Michigan Men's Glee Club]]
| url =https://www.amherst.edu/academiclife/departments/music/performances/glee_club
| title = Amherst Glee Club Website}}
* 1861: [[Yale Glee Club]]
* 1862: [[Wesleyan University|Wesleyan University Glee Club]]<ref>{{cite journal
</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.wesleyan.edu/communications/images/magazine_assets/10-2_musicalcampus.pdf
|title = A Remarkably Musical Campus
|author = Mark Slobin
|journal = Wesleyan
|issue = 11
|date = 2010
|pages = 32–35
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140506102246/http://www.wesleyan.edu/communications/images/magazine_assets/10-2_musicalcampus.pdf
|archive-date = 2014-05-06
}}
</ref>
* 1862: [[The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/genlhistory/timeline.html
| url = http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/genlhistory/timeline.html
| title = The University of Pennsylvania Archives}}
| title = The University of Pennsylvania Archives}}
</ref>
</ref> the [[Cornell University Glee Club]] founded in 1868;<ref>{{citeweb
* 1865: [[Amherst College Glee Club]]<ref>{{cite web
|title=Glee Club History
|url = https://www.amherst.edu/academiclife/departments/music/performances/glee_club
|url=http://www.gleeclub.com/about/history.php
|title = Amherst Glee Club Website
|accessdate=2009-12-13
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> and the [[Rutgers University Glee Club]] founded in 1872.<ref>{{citeweb
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110628181822/https://www.amherst.edu/academiclife/departments/music/performances/glee_club
|title=RU Glee Club History
|archive-date = 2011-06-28
|url=http://eden.rutgers.edu/~rugc/history.html
}}
|accessdate=2010-01-21
</ref>
* 1868: [[Cornell University Glee Club]]<ref>{{cite web
|title = Glee Club History
|url = http://www.gleeclub.com/about/history.php
|access-date = 2009-12-13
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090107054252/http://www.gleeclub.com/about/history.php
|archive-date = 2009-01-07
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* 1869: [[Dartmouth College student groups#Dartmouth College Glee Club|Dartmouth College Glee Club]]<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Jones |first1=Jeremy D. |title=The Development of Collegiate Male Glee Clubs in America: An Historical Overview |type=DMA document |publisher=University of Cincinnati |date=2010 |url=http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282049414 |language=en}}</ref>
* 1869: [[Union College Men's Glee Club]]
* 1869: Lehigh University Glee Club
* 1871: [[Virginia Glee Club]]<ref name="uvaiv">{{cite book
| last=Bruce | first=Philip Alexander | author-link=Philip Alexander Bruce | title=History of the University of Virginia, 1818-1919 |volume=IV | publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers (United States)|MacMillan]] | year=1921 | pages=127–128, 841
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ns0zAAAAIAAJ&q=%22cabell+house%22+virginia&pg=PA127
}}</ref>
* 1872: [[Rutgers University Glee Club]]<ref>{{cite web
|title = RU Glee Club History
|url = http://eden.rutgers.edu/~rugc/history.html
|access-date = 2010-01-21
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100717141631/http://eden.rutgers.edu/~rugc/history.html
|archive-date = 2010-07-17
}}</ref>
* 1873: [[Columbia University]] Glee Club<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glee Club |url=https://www.cc-seas.columbia.edu/student-group/glee-club |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Columbia College and Columbia Engineering |language=en |archive-date=June 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624203051/https://www.cc-seas.columbia.edu/student-group/glee-club |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1874: [[Princeton Glee Club]]
* 1874: Worcester Polytechnic Institute Men's Glee Club
* 1875: [[The Ohio State University Men's Glee Club]]<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://mgc.osu.edu/about/
|title=Official webpage of the Ohio State University Men's Glee Club
|access-date=2015-02-04
|date=2015-01-27
}}</ref>
* 1877: The [[Mount Holyoke College]] Glee Club<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/music/choral|title=Choral Ensembles|date=2016-11-15|work=Mount Holyoke College|access-date=2017-11-19|language=en|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122040040/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/music/choral|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 1886: The University of Illinois Varsity Men's Glee Club<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.illinois.edu/ensemble/varsity-mens-glee-club|title=Varsity Men's Glee Club {{!}} Music at Illinois|website=music.illinois.edu|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref>
* 1888: Penn State Glee Club<ref>
{{cite web
|title=Penn State Glee Club history
|url=http://www.pennstategleeclub.com/about/history-of-the-penn-state-glee-club/
|access-date=2015-08-08
}}</ref>
* 1890: [[Pitt Men's Glee Club]]
* 1890: The University of Kansas [https://web.archive.org/web/20170205183349/https://rockchalkcentral.ku.edu/organization/kumensglee Men's Glee Club]
* 1892: The [[Pomona College]] Men's Glee Club<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- none --> |first=<!-- none --> |date=<!-- none --> |title=The Men's Glee Club (1892–1982) |url=https://www.pomona.edu/choral/history/mens-glee-club-1892-1982 |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=Pomona College Choir and Glee Club |publisher=[[Pomona College]] |language=en}}</ref>
* 1892: Wabash College Glee Club<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wabash.edu/academics/music/ensembles|title=Academics|website=Wabash College|language=en|access-date=2017-09-04}}</ref>
* 1893: University of Michigan Women’s Glee Club<ref>{{cite web
|title = University of Michigan Women's Glee Club
|url=https://www.umwgc.org
|access-date=2018-02-28
}}</ref>
* 1893: [[Purdue Varsity Glee Club]]<ref>{{cite web
|title = Purdue Varsity Glee Club History
|url = https://www.purdue.edu/pmo/ensembles/purdue-varsity-glee-club/
|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref>
* 1893: [[Texas A&M Singing Cadets]]<ref>{{cite web
|title = The History of the Fightin' Texas Aggie Singing Cadets
|url = https://singingcadets.tamu.edu/history/overview/
|access-date = 2018-11-16
|archive-date = April 24, 2013
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130424041721/https://singingcadets.tamu.edu/history/overview/
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
*1897: Case Men's Glee Club (Case Institute of Technology and Western Reserve University)
*1901: The University of Oklahoma Men's Glee Club
*1902: The [[Pomona College]] Women's Glee Club <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- none --> |first=<!-- none --> |date=<!-- no date --> |title=The Women's Glee Club (1902–1982) |url=https://www.pomona.edu/choral/history/womens-glee-club-1902-1982 |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=Pomona College Choir and Glee Club |publisher=Pomona College |language=en}}</ref>
*1903: West Point Glee Club<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.westwebone.net/usma_glee/history.html
|title=The United States Military Academy Glee Club
|access-date= 2020-08-18
}}
</ref>
* 1906: [[Georgia Tech Glee Club]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://gleeclub.gatech.edu/about.html
|title=About the Georgia Tech Glee Club
|access-date=2020-04-17
|archive-date=August 1, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801031401/https://gleeclub.gatech.edu/about.html
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
* 1907: [[Wheaton College Men's Glee Club]],<ref>{{cite web
|title=Wheaton College Men's Glee Club
|url=http://www.wheaton.edu/Academics/Departments/Conservatory/Ensembles/Mens-Glee-Club
|access-date=2016-11-14
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114233610/http://www.wheaton.edu/Academics/Departments/Conservatory/Ensembles/Mens-Glee-Club
|archive-date=2016-11-14
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> [[Miami University Glee Club]]
* 1911: [[Morehouse College Glee Club]]<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://mcgclub.com/
|title=The Official Morehouse Glee Club Website
|access-date=2015-09-19
}}</ref>
* 1914: University of Pittsburgh Treble Choral Ensemble

*1915: University of Notre Dame Glee Club
*1916: Tiger Glee Club ([[LSU School of Music|Louisiana State University]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Choir at LSU|url=https://www.lsu.edu/cmda/music/resources/student/ensembles/choir.php|access-date=3 December 2020}}</ref>


The oldest non-collegiate glee club in the United States is the [[Mendelssohn Glee Club]], founded in 1866.<ref name="mgc-papers">{{cite web |url=http://www.nypl.org/sites/default/files/archivalcollections/pdf/musmende.pdf |title=Mendelssohn Club Papers |author=New York Library for the Performing Arts |access-date=2011-02-25}}</ref>
The American TV series ''[[Glee (TV series)|Glee]]'' focuses around a high school glee club.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Glee (TV series)|''Glee'' (TV series)]]
*[[List of collegiate glee clubs]]
*[[List of collegiate glee clubs]]
*[[Glee (TV series)]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
[[Category:Glee clubs|*]]
*J. Lloyd Winstead (2013) ''When Colleges Sang: The Story of Singing in American College Life'' University of Alabama Press {{ISBN|978-0-8173-1790-4}}
[[Category:Musical groups]]
[[Category:Student societies]]


[[it:Glee club]]
[[Category:Glee clubs]]
[[Category:Types of musical groups]]
[[ja:グリークラブ]]
[[Category:Student organizations]]

Latest revision as of 03:43, 10 December 2024

This article is about musical/choir group. For other uses, see Glee club (disambiguation).

The Miami University Glee Club in 1907

A glee club is a musical group or choir group, historically of male voices but also of female or mixed voices, which traditionally specializes in the singing of short songs by trios or quartets. In the late 19th century it was very popular in most schools and was made a tradition to have in American high schools from then on.

Glee clubs were named after a form of English part song, called a glee, which they typically sang. The first named Glee Club held its initial meeting in the Newcastle Coffee House in London in 1787.[1] Glee clubs were very popular in Britain from then until the mid-1850s but by then they were gradually being superseded by larger choral societies. By the mid-20th century, proper glee clubs were no longer common.

Testifying to the importance of glee clubs in 19th Century America, Henry Stone, a Union veteran of the American Civil War, recalled that "A glee club came down from Chicago, bringing with them the new song, "We'll rally 'round the flag, boys" (Battle Cry of Freedom), and it ran through the camp like wildfire. The effect was little short of miraculous. It put as much spirit and cheer into the army as a victory."

The term remains in contemporary use, for show choirs established in North American colleges, universities, and high schools, although most American glee clubs are choruses in the standard sense, and rarely perform glees.

Oldest United States collegiate glee clubs

[edit]
President Herbert Hoover with the Harvard Glee Club on April 8, 1929

The oldest collegiate glee clubs in the United States are, by year of foundation:

The oldest non-collegiate glee club in the United States is the Mendelssohn Glee Club, founded in 1866.[26]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Bacon, Richard Mackenzie (1820). "The Catch and Glee Clubs". The Quarterly Musical Magazine and Review. II (VII). London: 328ff.
  2. ^ "History of the Harvard Glee Club". Retrieved October 15, 2009.
  3. ^ Mark Slobin (2010). "A Remarkably Musical Campus" (PDF). Wesleyan (11): 32–35. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 6, 2014.
  4. ^ "The University of Pennsylvania Archives".
  5. ^ "Amherst Glee Club Website". Archived from the original on June 28, 2011.
  6. ^ "Glee Club History". Archived from the original on January 7, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
  7. ^ Jones, Jeremy D. (2010). The Development of Collegiate Male Glee Clubs in America: An Historical Overview (DMA document). University of Cincinnati.
  8. ^ Bruce, Philip Alexander (1921). History of the University of Virginia, 1818-1919. Vol. IV. MacMillan. pp. 127–128, 841.
  9. ^ "RU Glee Club History". Archived from the original on July 17, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  10. ^ "Glee Club". Columbia College and Columbia Engineering. Archived from the original on June 24, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  11. ^ "Official webpage of the Ohio State University Men's Glee Club". January 27, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  12. ^ "Choral Ensembles". Mount Holyoke College. November 15, 2016. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
  13. ^ "Varsity Men's Glee Club | Music at Illinois". music.illinois.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  14. ^ "Penn State Glee Club history". Retrieved August 8, 2015.
  15. ^ "The Men's Glee Club (1892–1982)". Pomona College Choir and Glee Club. Pomona College. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  16. ^ "Academics". Wabash College. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  17. ^ "University of Michigan Women's Glee Club". Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  18. ^ "Purdue Varsity Glee Club History". Retrieved February 15, 2017.
  19. ^ "The History of the Fightin' Texas Aggie Singing Cadets". Archived from the original on April 24, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  20. ^ "The Women's Glee Club (1902–1982)". Pomona College Choir and Glee Club. Pomona College. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  21. ^ "The United States Military Academy Glee Club". Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  22. ^ "About the Georgia Tech Glee Club". Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  23. ^ "Wheaton College Men's Glee Club". Archived from the original on November 14, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  24. ^ "The Official Morehouse Glee Club Website". Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  25. ^ "Choir at LSU". Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  26. ^ New York Library for the Performing Arts. "Mendelssohn Club Papers" (PDF). Retrieved February 25, 2011.

Further reading

[edit]
  • J. Lloyd Winstead (2013) When Colleges Sang: The Story of Singing in American College Life University of Alabama Press ISBN 978-0-8173-1790-4
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