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{{Unreferenced stub|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2015}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{{Infobox aircraft
|name= JF Duck
|name= JF Duck
|image= File:Grumman JF2 3.jpg
|image= File:Grumman JF2 3.jpg{{!}}border
|caption= Grumman JF-2 Duck in United States Coast Guard service.
|caption= Grumman JF-2 Duck in United States Coast Guard service
|type= [[Utility aircraft|Utility]] [[amphibious aircraft|amphibian]]
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
|national_origin= United States
|type= Utility amphibian
|manufacturer= [[Grumman]]
|manufacturer= [[Grumman]]
|designer=
|designer=
|first flight= 4 May 1933 (XJF-1 Prototype)
|first_flight= 24 April 1933
|introduction= 1935
|introduced= [[1935 in aviation|1935]]
|retired=
|retired=
|status=
|status=
|primary user= [[United States Navy]]
|primary_user= [[United States Navy]]
|more users= [[United States Coast Guard]]
|more_users= [[United States Marine Corps]] <br> [[Argentine Navy]] <br> [[United States Coast Guard]]
|produced=
|produced=
|number built= 48
|number_built= 48
|developed from =
|developed_from=
|variants with their own articles=
|variants= [[Grumman J2F Duck]]
|developed_into=
}}
}}
|}
The '''[[Grumman]] JF "Duck"''' was a single-engine [[amphibious aircraft|amphibious]] biplane. It first flew on 17 April 1934 and was produced from 1934 until 1936, when production switched to the [[Grumman J2F|J2F]]. The only obvious external clue to differ an JF from an early J2F is the deletion of the inter-aileron strut between the wings on the J2F.


The '''Grumman JF "Duck"''' was an American single-engine [[amphibious aircraft|amphibious]] [[biplane]] built by [[Grumman]] for the [[United States Navy]] during the 1930s. The [[Grumman J2F Duck|J2F Duck]] was an improved version of the JF, with its main difference being a longer [[Float (nautical)|float]].<ref name="Allen 49">Allen 1983, p. 49.</ref>
The Duck's main pontoon was part of the fuselage, making it a [[flying boat]], though it appears more like a standard aircraft with an added float.


==Design and development==
It set an amphibian speed record in December 1934, at 191&nbsp;mph (307&nbsp;km/h).
The Grumman JF Duck was manufactured from 1934 until 1936, when production switched to the [[Grumman J2F Duck|J2F Duck]] and later variants.<ref name=Jordan2>Jordan, Corey C. [http://www.planesandpilotsofww2.webs.com/Grumman2.html "Grumman's Ascendency: Chapter Two."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325044407/http://www.planesandpilotsofww2.webs.com/Grumman2.html |date=2012-03-25 }} ''Planes and Pilots Of World War Two,'' 2000. Retrieved: 22 July 2011.</ref> The more obvious external appearance clue to distinguish a JF from an early J2F is the deletion of the inter-[[aileron]] strut between the [[wing]]s on the J2F; less noticeable perhaps is the J2F's slightly longer rear [[fuselage]]/[[Float (nautical)|float]] joining fillet beneath the [[Empennage|tail]].<ref name=Jordan2/>

The Duck's main [[Float (nautical)|pontoon]] was part of the [[fuselage]], almost making it a [[flying boat]], although it appears more like a standard [[Fixed-wing aircraft|aircraft]] with an added float. The XJF-1 prototype first flew on 24 April 1933 piloted by Grumman test pilot Paul Hovgard.<ref name="Thruelson 77">Thruelson 'The Grumman Story' 1976, p. 77.</ref>

==Operational history==
{{Expand section|date=April 2017}}

The JF-1 that was first ordered had the same Pratt & Whitney R-1830-62 engine as the XJF-1 prototype. The US Navy ordered 27 JF-1s with the first Ducks delivered beginning in May 1934 to Norfolk NAS. These early production series had provisions for mounting a machine gun at the rear seat facing aft, as well as a single bomb rack mounted under each wing, capable of carrying a 100&nbsp;lb (45.4&nbsp;kg) bomb or depth charge on each. The main float was also a Grumman design (Grumman Model "A") and like the prototype, it included retractable main landing gear, making the Duck a true amphibian. Ducks served as general/utility amphibians for photographic, target-towing, scouting, and rescue work.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}


==Variants==
==Variants==
;XJF-1: Prototype with 700&nbsp;hp [[Pratt & Whitney R-1535|Pratt & Whitney R-1535-62]] engine, one built (BuNo 9218).
;XJF-1: Prototype with 700&nbsp;hp [[Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior|Pratt & Whitney R-1535-62]] engine, one built (BuNo 9218).
[[File:Grumman JF-1 Duck at NACA Langley Summer 1934.jpg|right|thumb|Grumman JF-1 Duck at Langley]]
;JF-1: Production variant with 700&nbsp;hp [[Pratt & Whitney R-1830|Pratt & Whitney R-1830-62]] Twin Wasp engine, 27 built (BuNos 9434-9455, 9523-9527).
;JF-1: Production variant with 700&nbsp;hp [[Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp|Pratt & Whitney R-1830-62]] Twin Wasp engine, 27 built (BuNos 9434-9455, 9523-9527).
;JF-2: Variant for the [[United States Coast Guard]] powered by a 750&nbsp;hp [[Wright R-1820|Wright R-1820-102]] Cyclone engine, 15 built (BuNo 0266, 00371-00372, 01647, USCG V141-V155).
;JF-2: Variant for the [[United States Coast Guard]] powered by a 750&nbsp;hp [[Wright R-1820|Wright R-1820-102]] Cyclone engine, 15 built (BuNo 0266, 00371-00372, 01647, USCG V141-V155).
;JF-3: JF-2 for the U.S. Navy, five built (BuNos 9835-9839).
;JF-3: JF-2 for the U.S. Navy, five built (BuNos 9835-9839).
;Grumman G-20:Armed version of the Grumman JF-2 for export to Argentina. Eight built.<ref name="ae23 p78">Allen ''Air Enthusiast'' Twenty-three, p.78.</ref>


==Operators==
==Operators==
{{USA}}
*[[U.S. Navy]]
*[[U.S. Coast Guard]]
*[[U.S. Marine Corps]] - Operated one JF-2
{{ARG}}
{{ARG}}
*[[Argentine Navy]] - Operated 8 JF-2s
* [[Argentine Navy]] – Operated eight G-20s.<ref name="ae23 p47-8">Allen ''Air Enthusiast'' Twenty-three, pp. 47–48.</ref>
;{{USA}}
* [[United States Navy]]
* [[United States Coast Guard]]
* [[United States Marine Corps]] – Operated one JF-2


==Specifications (JF-2)==

{{Aircraft specs
==Specifications (JF)==
|ref=<ref name="avwk437 p70">''Aviation'' April 1937, pp. 70–71</ref>
{{Aircraft specifications
|prime units?=imp
|plane or copter?=plane
<!-- General characteristics -->
|jet or prop?=prop
|crew=2–4
|ref=
|capacity=
|crew=one, pilot
|length ft=33
|capacity=
|length in=0
|payload main=
|payload alt=
|length note=
|span ft=39
|length main= 32 ft 7 in
|span in=0
|length alt= 9.93 m
|height ft=12
|span main= 39 ft 0 in
|height in=8
|span alt= 11.89 m
|wing area sqft=409.0
|height main= 15 ft 1 in
|empty weight kg=
|height alt=
|empty weight lb=4100
|area main= 409 sq ft
|empty weight note=
|area alt=
|gross weight kg=
|airfoil=
|empty weight main=
|gross weight lb=5760
|empty weight alt=
|gross weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|150|USgal|impgal L|abbr=on}}
|loaded weight main=
<!-- Powerplant -->
|loaded weight alt=
|eng1 number=1
|useful load main= 851 lb
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp]]
|useful load alt= 386 kg
|eng1 type=14-cyl two row air-cooled radial piston engine
|max takeoff weight main=
|eng1 hp=775
|max takeoff weight alt=
|more general=
|eng1 note=
<!-- Performance -->
|engine (prop)= [[Pratt & Whitney R-1830]]
|max speed mph=185
|type of prop=
|max speed note=at {{convert|7000|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|number of props=1
|cruise speed mph=155
|power main= 700 hp
|stall speed mph=63
|power alt= 522 kW
|range miles=620
|power original=
|ceiling ft=22000
|max speed main=
|climb rate ftmin=1600
|max speed alt=
|cruise speed main=
|cruise speed alt=
|stall speed main=
|stall speed alt=
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|range main=
|range alt=
|ceiling main= 21,500 ft
|ceiling alt= 6,550 m
|climb rate main=
|climb rate alt=
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=
|armament=
|avionics=
}}
}}
{{Aero specs missing}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Aircontent|
{{Aircontent
|related=
|related=
* [[Grumman J2F]]
* [[Grumman J2F Duck]]
|similar aircraft=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Loening O-19]]
* [[Loening OL]]
* [[Loening O-11]]
* [[Loening C-2]]
* [[Loening OA-1]]
* [[Bellanca XSOE]]
* [[Keystone-Loening C2H]]
|sequence=
|lists=
|lists=
|see also=
|see also=
}}
}}


==References==
{{USN utility aircraft}}
===Notes===
{{Grumman aircraft}}
{{Aviation lists}}
{{reflist}}


===Bibliography===
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jf Duck}}
* Allen, Francis J. "A Duck Without Feathers". ''[[Air Enthusiast]]'', Issue 23, December 1983 – March 1984, pp.&nbsp;46–55, 77–78. Bromley, Kent UK: Pilot Press, 1983.
[[Category:Seaplanes and flying boats]]
* [http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19370401/#!&pid=66 "Specifications of American Airplanes"]. ''[[Aviation Week & Space Technology|Aviation]]'', Volume 36, No. 4, April 1937, pp.&nbsp;66–71. (Registration required)
[[Category:United States military utility aircraft 1930-1939|JF1 Duck]]
*{{cite journal |last1=Lezon|first1=Ricardo Martin|last2=Stitt|first2=Robert M.|name-list-style=amp |title=Eyes of the Fleet: Seaplanes in Argentine Navy Service, Part 2|journal=Air Enthusiast |date=January–February 2004 |issue=109 |pages=46–59 |issn=0143-5450}}
[[Category:Grumman aircraft|J1F Duck]]
* Thruelsen, Richard. ''The Grumman Story''. New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1976. {{ISBN|0-275-54260-2}}.
* Treadwell, Terry. ''Ironworks: Grumman's Fighting Aeroplanes''. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishers, 1990. {{ISBN|1-85310-070-6}}.


==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Ginter |first= Steve |year=2009 |title=Grumman JF/J2F Duck |edition= First |publisher= Ginter Books |series=Naval Fighters |volume=Nº84 |url= http://www.ginterbooks.com/NAVAL/NF84.htm |isbn= 978-0-942612-84-4 |location= California, United States |access-date= 31 January 2015 }}
* {{cite book |last=Nuñez Padin |first=Jorge Félix |year=2002 |title=Grumman G.15, G.20 & J2F Duck |publisher= Museo de la Aviación Naval, Instituto Naval |series=Serie Aeronaval |volume=Nº15 |language=es |location= Buenos Aires, Argentina }}


==External links==
{{Aero-1930s-stub}}
{{commons category|Grumman JF Duck}}
* [http://www.aviation-history.com/grumman/j2f.html The Grumman J2F Duck]

{{Grumman aircraft}}
{{USN utility aircraft}}


[[de:Grumman JF]]
[[Category:Grumman aircraft|J01F Duck]]
[[Category:1930s United States military utility aircraft|Grumman J01F]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Floatplanes]]
[[Category:Amphibious aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1933]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear]]
[[Category:Single-engined piston aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 07:27, 4 December 2024

JF Duck
Grumman JF-2 Duck in United States Coast Guard service
General information
TypeUtility amphibian
National originUnited States
ManufacturerGrumman
Primary usersUnited States Navy
Number built48
History
Introduction date1935
First flight24 April 1933
VariantsGrumman J2F Duck

The Grumman JF "Duck" was an American single-engine amphibious biplane built by Grumman for the United States Navy during the 1930s. The J2F Duck was an improved version of the JF, with its main difference being a longer float.[1]

Design and development

[edit]

The Grumman JF Duck was manufactured from 1934 until 1936, when production switched to the J2F Duck and later variants.[2] The more obvious external appearance clue to distinguish a JF from an early J2F is the deletion of the inter-aileron strut between the wings on the J2F; less noticeable perhaps is the J2F's slightly longer rear fuselage/float joining fillet beneath the tail.[2]

The Duck's main pontoon was part of the fuselage, almost making it a flying boat, although it appears more like a standard aircraft with an added float. The XJF-1 prototype first flew on 24 April 1933 piloted by Grumman test pilot Paul Hovgard.[3]

Operational history

[edit]

The JF-1 that was first ordered had the same Pratt & Whitney R-1830-62 engine as the XJF-1 prototype. The US Navy ordered 27 JF-1s with the first Ducks delivered beginning in May 1934 to Norfolk NAS. These early production series had provisions for mounting a machine gun at the rear seat facing aft, as well as a single bomb rack mounted under each wing, capable of carrying a 100 lb (45.4 kg) bomb or depth charge on each. The main float was also a Grumman design (Grumman Model "A") and like the prototype, it included retractable main landing gear, making the Duck a true amphibian. Ducks served as general/utility amphibians for photographic, target-towing, scouting, and rescue work.[citation needed]

Variants

[edit]
XJF-1
Prototype with 700 hp Pratt & Whitney R-1535-62 engine, one built (BuNo 9218).
Grumman JF-1 Duck at Langley
JF-1
Production variant with 700 hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830-62 Twin Wasp engine, 27 built (BuNos 9434-9455, 9523-9527).
JF-2
Variant for the United States Coast Guard powered by a 750 hp Wright R-1820-102 Cyclone engine, 15 built (BuNo 0266, 00371-00372, 01647, USCG V141-V155).
JF-3
JF-2 for the U.S. Navy, five built (BuNos 9835-9839).
Grumman G-20
Armed version of the Grumman JF-2 for export to Argentina. Eight built.[4]

Operators

[edit]

 Argentina

 United States

Specifications (JF-2)

[edit]

Data from [6]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2–4
  • Length: 33 ft 0 in (10.06 m)
  • Wingspan: 39 ft 0 in (11.89 m)
  • Height: 12 ft 8 in (3.86 m)
  • Wing area: 409.0 sq ft (38.00 m2)
  • Empty weight: 4,100 lb (1,860 kg)
  • Gross weight: 5,760 lb (2,613 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 150 US gal (120 imp gal; 570 L)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp 14-cyl two row air-cooled radial piston engine, 775 hp (578 kW)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 185 mph (298 km/h, 161 kn) at 7,000 ft (2,100 m)
  • Cruise speed: 155 mph (249 km/h, 135 kn)
  • Stall speed: 63 mph (101 km/h, 55 kn)
  • Range: 620 mi (1,000 km, 540 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 22,000 ft (6,700 m)
  • Rate of climb: 1,600 ft/min (8.1 m/s)

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Allen 1983, p. 49.
  2. ^ a b Jordan, Corey C. "Grumman's Ascendency: Chapter Two." Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine Planes and Pilots Of World War Two, 2000. Retrieved: 22 July 2011.
  3. ^ Thruelson 'The Grumman Story' 1976, p. 77.
  4. ^ Allen Air Enthusiast Twenty-three, p.78.
  5. ^ Allen Air Enthusiast Twenty-three, pp. 47–48.
  6. ^ Aviation April 1937, pp. 70–71

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Allen, Francis J. "A Duck Without Feathers". Air Enthusiast, Issue 23, December 1983 – March 1984, pp. 46–55, 77–78. Bromley, Kent UK: Pilot Press, 1983.
  • "Specifications of American Airplanes". Aviation, Volume 36, No. 4, April 1937, pp. 66–71. (Registration required)
  • Lezon, Ricardo Martin & Stitt, Robert M. (January–February 2004). "Eyes of the Fleet: Seaplanes in Argentine Navy Service, Part 2". Air Enthusiast (109): 46–59. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Thruelsen, Richard. The Grumman Story. New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1976. ISBN 0-275-54260-2.
  • Treadwell, Terry. Ironworks: Grumman's Fighting Aeroplanes. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishers, 1990. ISBN 1-85310-070-6.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Ginter, Steve (2009). Grumman JF/J2F Duck. Naval Fighters. Vol. Nº84 (First ed.). California, United States: Ginter Books. ISBN 978-0-942612-84-4. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  • Nuñez Padin, Jorge Félix (2002). Grumman G.15, G.20 & J2F Duck. Serie Aeronaval (in Spanish). Vol. Nº15. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Museo de la Aviación Naval, Instituto Naval.
[edit]
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