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{{About|the capital of Sint Eustatius|the capital town of Aruba|Oranjestad, Aruba}} |
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Oranjestad is a small town of nearly 1,000 inhabitants, and is the capital of Sint Eustatius island in the Netherlands Antilles. Sint Eustatius is a pleasant, historical harbour town. It can be divided into two main sections, the Lower Town along the waterfront is the more historcial side of the town (with colonial-era ruins, the island's best beach and the still-functioning harbour), and the Upper Town up away from the seafront is Oranjestad's main commercial and residential centre. |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = Oranjestad |
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| settlement_type = [[Capital city]] |
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| image_skyline = Lower Town Sint Eustatius.jpg |
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| image_caption = Beach of Lower Town. |
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| image_map = Sint Eustatius travel map.png |
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| map_caption = Location on the island of [[Sint Eustatius]] |
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| coordinates = {{coord|17|29|N|62|59|W|region:NL|display=inline,title}} |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]] |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Public body (Netherlands)|Public body]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Sint Eustatius]] |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="pop">{{cite web|url=http://digitallibrary.cbs.cw/CBS0000228/00001 |title=Geodata 2001, Saba & Sint.Eustatius, Census 2001 |website=Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Netherlands Antilles|access-date=3 May 2021|year=2001|quote=Sum of Oranjestad Noord, Oranjestad Zuid, Concordia and Golden Rock}}</ref> |
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| population_as_of = 2001 |
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| population_total = 1,038 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| timezone1 = [[Atlantic Standard Time|AST]] |
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| utc_offset1 = -4 |
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| blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |
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| blank_info = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] |
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| module = {{Infobox lighthouse | qid = Q58206150 | embed = yes |
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| yearbuilt = 1893 (first) |
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| foundation = concrete base |
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| construction = metal skeletal tower |
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| shape = square pyramidal skeletal tower with balcony and light<ref>{{Cite rowlett|sab|accessdate=2017-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite ngall|110|2016|}}</ref> |
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| height = {{convert|20|m|ft}} |
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| focalheight = {{convert|40|m|ft}} |
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| range = {{convert|17|nmi}} |
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| characteristic = Fl (3) W 15s. |
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}}}} |
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'''Oranjestad''' ({{IPA|nl|oːˈrɑɲəstɑt}}; {{langx|en|[[Prince of Orange|Orange]]<ref>[[House of Orange-Nassau|The House of Orange-Nassau]] — [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: [[:nl:Monarchie in Nederland#Het Huis Oranje-Nassau|Het Huis Oranje-Nassau]] — read ''[[Prince of Orange]] ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: Prins van Oranje)'' and related articles for more.</ref> Town}}) is a small town of 1,038 inhabitants;<ref name="pop"/> it is the capital and largest town of the island of [[Sint Eustatius]] in the [[Caribbean Netherlands]]. It is not to be confused with the far larger [[Oranjestad, Aruba|Oranjestad]] in [[Aruba]]. |
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==Geography== |
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The main sight in Oranjestad is Fort Oranje, a well-kept 17th century fort site in the direct centre of the town, overlooking the waterfront. This cliffside fort has cannons, intact fortifications and a beautiful courtyard. Nearby is an excellent museum, a house containing collections of historical artifacts, the second oldest synagogue in the western hemisphere (abandoned), and a Jewish cemetery. The town's historical features also include an old Dutch reformed church built in 1755, which is partly ruined but still accessible (its tower can be climbed for outstanding views). The ruined buildings now submerged at the seafront can be explored by snorkelling, which is quite safe here. |
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Oranjestad is a historic harbour town which is divided into two main sections. Lower Town is a strip of buildings just [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] along the waterfront, which borders on the island's safest beach. Lower Town includes dive shops, numerous colonial-era ruins, and the harbour. Upper Town has a restored historic core, and is also the island's main commercial and residential centre. It is nestled between [[Quill/Boven National Park|Quill & Boven National Park]] |
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Neighborhoods of Oranjestad: |
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Oranjestad itself contains all the essential features of island life, such as grocery stores, a school, a clinic and administrative offices of the government. Sint Eustatius itself also boasts a fully functioning, highly reputable medical University with more than 100 students. |
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• Golden Rock |
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• Bay Brow |
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==History== |
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===Historical sites=== |
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[[File:Statia Fort Oranje 2012.jpg|thumb|left|Fort Oranje]] |
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[[File:Admin. Residence.jpg|thumb|left|The restored 'Gezaghebber House' on ''Kerkstraat'']] |
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The first colonist arrived between 1625 and 1629.{{sfn|Benjamins|Snelleman|1917|p=627}} Sint Eustatius produced sugar and cotton, but most importantly developed into a centre of the North American slave trade.{{sfn|Benjamins|Snelleman|1917|p=629}} In 1780, the island had an estimated population of 20,000 people including slaves. In 1781, during the [[Fourth Anglo-Dutch War]], the island was [[Capture of Sint Eustatius|captured and plundered]] by [[George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney|George Rodney]].{{sfn|Benjamins|Snelleman|1917|p=627}} During the capture, all archives were destroyed.{{sfn|Benjamins|Snelleman|1917|p=93}} In 1786, it was home to 7,600 people (3,000 white, 600 coloureds and 4,000 slaves). In 1829, the population had decreased to 2,273.{{sfn|Benjamins|Snelleman|1917|p=627}} |
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The main historical site in Oranjestad is [[Fort Oranje (Sint Eustatius)|Fort Oranje]], a well-maintained, 17th-century fort in the direct centre of the town, overlooking the waterfront. This cliff-side fort has [[cannon]]s, intact [[bastion]]s and a courtyard. Nearby is a museum, the ruins of one of the [[Oldest synagogues in the world#South America and Caribbean|oldest synagogues]] in the [[Western Hemisphere]], and a [[Jew]]ish cemetery.<ref name="groen"/> |
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The town's historical features also include a [[Dutch Reformed Church|Dutch Reformed church]] built in 1755,<ref name="groen">{{cite web|url=https://groenroodwit.nl/2020/10/sint-eustatius-fort-oranje-de-plek-waar-alles-samenkomt/ |title=Sint-Eustatius en alles wat reizen boeiend maakt.|website=Groen Rood Wit|date=19 October 2020 |access-date=4 May 2021|language=nl}}</ref> which is partly in ruins but still accessible (its tower can be climbed for long-distance views), various restored 18th-century merchants' residences – including the oldest one, the ''Gezaghebber'' House (former Lieutenant Governor's residence) on Kerkstraat – and restored wooden Caribbean-style houses. Snorkeling in Oranje Bay is also interesting because of the parts of 18th century buildings on the bay side that were swept into the sea.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://dbnl.nl/tekst/_jaa030200201_01/_jaa030200201_01_0021.php?q=Oranjestad%20eustatius#hl1 |title=Monumenten Boven de Wind |author=Peter van Dun |author2=Ben de Vries |magazine=Jaarboek Monumentenzorg|year=2002|language=nl| pages=139–140}}</ref> |
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== Facilities == |
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Oranjestad itself contains grocery stores, restaurants, bars, a library, schools, a clinic and the administrative offices of the government. {{Citation needed|date=April 2020}} |
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===Climate=== |
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{{Weather box|width=auto |
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|location = Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius, 1971-2000 normals |
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|metric first = y |
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|single line = y |
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|Jan high C = 28.3 |
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|Feb high C = 28.4 |
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|Mar high C = 28.8 |
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|Apr high C = 29.4 |
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|May high C = 30.1 |
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|Jun high C = 30.8 |
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|Jul high C = 31.1 |
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|Aug high C = 31.2 |
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|Sep high C = 31.0 |
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|Oct high C = 30.6 |
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|Nov high C = 29.8 |
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|Dec high C = 28.7 |
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|year high C = |
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|Jan mean C = 25.3 |
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|Feb mean C = 25.2 |
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|Mar mean C = 25.5 |
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|Apr mean C = 26.2 |
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|May mean C = 27.1 |
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|Jun mean C = 27.9 |
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|Jul mean C = 28.0 |
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|Aug mean C = 28.1 |
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|Sep mean C = 27.9 |
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|Oct mean C = 27.4 |
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|Nov mean C = 26.6 |
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|Dec mean C = 25.5 |
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|year mean C = |
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|Jan low C = 22.5 |
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|Feb low C = 22.3 |
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|Mar low C = 22.7 |
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|Apr low C = 23.3 |
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|May low C = 24.1 |
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|Jun low C = 25.0 |
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|Jul low C = 24.9 |
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|Aug low C = 25.0 |
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|Sep low C = 24.7 |
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|Oct low C = 24.4 |
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|Nov low C = 23.7 |
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|Dec low C = 23.1 |
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|year low C = |
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|Jan record high C = 31.0 |
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|Feb record high C = 31.3 |
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|Mar record high C = 31.7 |
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|Apr record high C = 33.1 |
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|May record high C = 32.9 |
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|Jun record high C = 33.5 |
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|Jul record high C = 33.6 |
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|Aug record high C = 33.9 |
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|Sep record high C = 33.7 |
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|Oct record high C = 34.3 |
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|Nov record high C = 33.5 |
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|Dec record high C = 31.4 |
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|Jan record low C = 19.0 |
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|Feb record low C = 18.9 |
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|Mar record low C = 18.4 |
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|Apr record low C = 19.4 |
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|May record low C = 19.1 |
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|Jun record low C = 21.6 |
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|Jul record low C = 21.0 |
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|Aug record low C = 21.0 |
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|Sep record low C = 21.0 |
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|Oct record low C = 18.8 |
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|Nov record low C = 19.3 |
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|Dec record low C = 18.7 |
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|Jan rain mm = 52.0 |
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|Feb rain mm = 50.5 |
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|Mar rain mm = 48.8 |
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|Apr rain mm = 55.7 |
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|May rain mm = 87.1 |
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|Jun rain mm = 60.6 |
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|Jul rain mm = 74.1 |
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|Aug rain mm = 106.9 |
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|Sep rain mm = 123.2 |
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|Oct rain mm = 106.5 |
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|Nov rain mm = 128.6 |
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|Dec rain mm = 74.6 |
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|rain colour = green |
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|year rain mm = 985.8 |
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|unit rain days = 1.0 mm |
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|Jan rain days = 11.1 |
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|Feb rain days = 8.9 |
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|Mar rain days = 7.6 |
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|Apr rain days = 7.4 |
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|May rain days = 9.5 |
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|Jun rain days = 7.4 |
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|Jul rain days = 11.2 |
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|Aug rain days = 12.1 |
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|Sep rain days = 12.2 |
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|Oct rain days = 11.2 |
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|Nov rain days = 13.3 |
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|Dec rain days = 12.6 |
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|year rain days = 125.4 |
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|source 1 = Meteo Curacao<ref>{{cite web |
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| url = https://www.meteo.cw/Data_www/Climate/documents/CLIM_SUM_Eus.pdf |
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| title = SUMMARY OF CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, PERIOD 1971 - 2000 |
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| publisher = Meteo Curacao |
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| access-date = February 6, 2021 |
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}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of lighthouses in Sint Eustatius]] |
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*[[F. D. Roosevelt Airport]] |
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*[[St. Eustatius Church (Oranjestad)|St. Eustatius Church]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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* {{cite book|url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/benj004ency01_01/ |last1=Benjamins |first1=Herman Daniël|last2=Snelleman |first2=Johannes |title=Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië|year=1917|website=Digital Library for Dutch Literature|language=nl|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|location=Leiden}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category|position=left|Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius}} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111212031315/http://www.steustatiushistory.org/ St. Eustatius Historical Foundation Museum] |
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{{Portal bar|Caribbean|Engineering}} |
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{{Dutch capital cities}} |
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{{List of North American capitals}} |
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{{Authority control | additional=Q58206150}} |
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[[Category:Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius| ]] |
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[[Category:Populated places in Sint Eustatius]] |
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[[Category:Capitals in the Caribbean]] |
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[[Category:Underwater ruins]] |
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[[Category:Lighthouses in Sint Eustatius]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:19, 9 December 2024
Oranjestad | |
|---|---|
 Beach of Lower Town. | |
 Location on the island of Sint Eustatius | |
| Coordinates: 17°29′N 62°59′W / 17.483°N 62.983°W | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Public body | Sint Eustatius |
| Population (2001)[1] | |
• Total | 1,038 |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| Climate | Aw |
| Oranjestad Lighthouse | |
| Constructed | 1893 (first) |
| Foundation | concrete base |
| Construction | metal skeletal tower |
| Height | 20 metres (66 ft) |
| Shape | square pyramidal skeletal tower with balcony and light[2][3] |
| Power source | solar power  |
| Focal height | 40 metres (130 ft) |
| Range | 17 nautical miles (31 km; 20 mi) |
| Characteristic | Fl (3) W 15s. |
Oranjestad (Dutch pronunciation: [oːˈrɑɲəstɑt]; English: Orange[4] Town) is a small town of 1,038 inhabitants;[1] it is the capital and largest town of the island of Sint Eustatius in the Caribbean Netherlands. It is not to be confused with the far larger Oranjestad in Aruba.
Geography
[edit]Oranjestad is a historic harbour town which is divided into two main sections. Lower Town is a strip of buildings just above sea level along the waterfront, which borders on the island's safest beach. Lower Town includes dive shops, numerous colonial-era ruins, and the harbour. Upper Town has a restored historic core, and is also the island's main commercial and residential centre. It is nestled between Quill & Boven National Park
Neighborhoods of Oranjestad:
• Golden Rock
• Bay Brow
History
[edit]Historical sites
[edit]
The first colonist arrived between 1625 and 1629.[5] Sint Eustatius produced sugar and cotton, but most importantly developed into a centre of the North American slave trade.[6] In 1780, the island had an estimated population of 20,000 people including slaves. In 1781, during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, the island was captured and plundered by George Rodney.[5] During the capture, all archives were destroyed.[7] In 1786, it was home to 7,600 people (3,000 white, 600 coloureds and 4,000 slaves). In 1829, the population had decreased to 2,273.[5]
The main historical site in Oranjestad is Fort Oranje, a well-maintained, 17th-century fort in the direct centre of the town, overlooking the waterfront. This cliff-side fort has cannons, intact bastions and a courtyard. Nearby is a museum, the ruins of one of the oldest synagogues in the Western Hemisphere, and a Jewish cemetery.[8]
The town's historical features also include a Dutch Reformed church built in 1755,[8] which is partly in ruins but still accessible (its tower can be climbed for long-distance views), various restored 18th-century merchants' residences – including the oldest one, the Gezaghebber House (former Lieutenant Governor's residence) on Kerkstraat – and restored wooden Caribbean-style houses. Snorkeling in Oranje Bay is also interesting because of the parts of 18th century buildings on the bay side that were swept into the sea.[9]
Facilities
[edit]Oranjestad itself contains grocery stores, restaurants, bars, a library, schools, a clinic and the administrative offices of the government. [citation needed]
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius, 1971-2000 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.0 (87.8) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.5 (92.3) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.9 (93.0) |
33.7 (92.7) |
34.3 (93.7) |
33.5 (92.3) |
31.4 (88.5) |
34.3 (93.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.3 (82.9) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.8 (85.6) |
28.7 (83.7) |
29.9 (85.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.3 (77.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.5 (77.9) |
26.2 (79.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.1 (82.6) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
26.7 (80.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.5 (72.5) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.7 (72.9) |
23.3 (73.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.4 (75.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.8 (74.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 52.0 (2.05) |
50.5 (1.99) |
48.8 (1.92) |
55.7 (2.19) |
87.1 (3.43) |
60.6 (2.39) |
74.1 (2.92) |
106.9 (4.21) |
123.2 (4.85) |
106.5 (4.19) |
128.6 (5.06) |
74.6 (2.94) |
985.8 (38.81) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.1 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 7.4 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 13.3 | 12.6 | 125.4 |
| Source: Meteo Curacao[10] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Geodata 2001, Saba & Sint.Eustatius, Census 2001". Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Netherlands Antilles. 2001. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
Sum of Oranjestad Noord, Oranjestad Zuid, Concordia and Golden Rock
- ^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Saba and Sint Eustatius". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
- ^ List of Lights, Pub. 110: Greenland, The East Coasts of North and South America (Excluding Continental U.S.A. Except the East Coast of Florida) and the West Indies (PDF). List of Lights. United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2016.
- ^ The House of Orange-Nassau — Dutch: Het Huis Oranje-Nassau — read Prince of Orange (Dutch: Prins van Oranje) and related articles for more.
- ^ a b c Benjamins & Snelleman 1917, p. 627.
- ^ Benjamins & Snelleman 1917, p. 629.
- ^ Benjamins & Snelleman 1917, p. 93.
- ^ a b "Sint-Eustatius en alles wat reizen boeiend maakt". Groen Rood Wit (in Dutch). 19 October 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
- ^ Peter van Dun; Ben de Vries (2002). "Monumenten Boven de Wind". Jaarboek Monumentenzorg (in Dutch). pp. 139–140.
- ^ "SUMMARY OF CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, PERIOD 1971 - 2000" (PDF). Meteo Curacao. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
Bibliography
[edit]- Benjamins, Herman Daniël; Snelleman, Johannes (1917). Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië (in Dutch). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help)
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Oranjestad Lighthouse | |