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{{short description|Technical standard}}
{{Cleanup-jargon|date=April 2008}}


{{Multiple issues|
'''HSPA+''', also known as ''Evolved High-Speed Packet Access'' is a wireless broadband standard defined in [[3GPP]] release 7.
{{Technical|reason=Article uses jargon extensively without explanation||date=September 2017}}
{{Refimprove|date=April 2024}}
{{Copy edit|date=April 2024}}
}}


{{List of mobile phone generations}}
HSPA+ provides [[High-Speed Packet Access|HSPA]] data rates up to 56 Mbit/s on the downlink and 22 Mbit/s on the uplink with [[MIMO]] technologies and higher order modulation (64QAM). MIMO on [[CDMA]] based systems acts like virtual sectors to give extra capacity closer to the mast. The 56Mbit/s and 22Mbit/s represent theoretical peak sector speeds. The actual speed for a user will be lower. At cell edge and even at half the distance to the cell edge there may only be slight increase compared with 14.4 Mbit/s [[HSDPA]] unless a wider channel than 5&nbsp;MHz is used. Future revisions of HSPA+ support up to 168Mbps using multiple carriers<ref>http://www.ericsson.com/technology/research_papers/atsp/doc/multi-carrier_hspa_evolution.pdf</ref>.
[[File:HSPA plus logo Android Screenshot.jpg|thumbnail|250px|HSPA+ sign shown in notification bar on an Android-based smartphone.]]


'''Evolved High Speed Packet Access''', '''HSPA+''', '''HSPA''' ('''Plus''') or '''HSPAP''', is a [[technical standard]] for [[wireless broadband]] telecommunication. It is the second phase of [[High Speed Packet Access|HSPA]] which has been introduced in 3GPP release 7 and being further improved in later 3GPP releases. HSPA+ can achieve data rates of up to 42.2&nbsp;Mbit/s.<ref name=gsmworld>{{cite web|url=http://www.gsma.com/aboutus/gsm-technology/hspa|title=HSPA|work=About Us|access-date=2016-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709180358/https://www.gsma.com/aboutus/gsm-technology/hspa|archive-date=2017-07-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> It introduces antenna array technologies such as [[beamforming]] and [[multiple-input multiple-output communications]] (MIMO). Beamforming focuses the transmitted power of an antenna in a beam toward the user's direction. MIMO uses multiple antennas on the sending and receiving side. Further releases of the standard have introduced dual carrier operation, i.e. the simultaneous use of two 5&nbsp;MHz carriers. HSPA+ is an evolution of HSPA that upgrades the existing 3G network and provides a method for telecom operators to migrate towards 4G speeds that are more comparable to the initially available speeds of newer [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] networks without deploying a new radio interface. HSPA+ should not be confused with [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] though, which uses an air interface based on [[Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access|orthogonal frequency-division]] modulation and multiple access.<ref name="ericsson2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/publications/ericsson_review/2009/issue1/hspa.pdf|date=27 January 2009|title=Ericsson Review #1 2009 - Continued HSPA Evolution of mobile broadband|publisher=Ericsson.com|access-date=2014-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605052949/http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/publications/ericsson_review/2009/issue1/hspa.pdf|archive-date=5 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
HSPA+ also introduces an optional all-IP architecture for the network where base stations are directly connected to IP based backhaul and then to the ISP's edge routers. The technology also delivers significant battery life improvements and dramatically quicker wake-from-idle time - delivering a true always-on connection. HSPA+ should not be confused with [[3GPP Long Term Evolution|LTE]], which uses a new air interface.


Advanced HSPA+ is a further evolution of HSPA and provides [[Bit rate|data rate]]s up to 84.4 and 168&nbsp;[[megabits per second]] (Mbit/s) to the mobile device (downlink) and 22&nbsp;Mbit/s from the mobile device (uplink) under ideal signal conditions. Technically these are achieved through the use of a multiple-antenna technique known as [[MIMO]] (for "multiple-input and multiple-output") and higher [[modulation order|order modulation]] (64QAM) or combining multiple cells into one with a technique known as Dual-Cell HSDPA.
As of November 2009, there are 20 HSPA+ networks running in the world at 21Mbit/s and two are running at 28Mbit/s<ref>http://hspa.gsmworld.com</ref>. The first to launch was [[Telstra]] in [[Australia]] in late 2008, with Australia-wide access in February 2009 with speeds up to 21Mbit/sec.


==Downlink==
== Evolved HSPA specifies all-IP architecture ==
=== Evolved HSDPA (HSPA+) ===
[[File:Cellular network standards and generation timeline.svg|thumb|Cellular network standards and generation timeline.]]
An '''Evolved HSDPA''' network can theoretically support up to 28&nbsp;Mbit/s and 42&nbsp;Mbit/s with a single 5&nbsp;MHz carrier for Rel7 (MIMO with 16QAM) and Rel8 ([[64-QAM]] + [[MIMO]]), in good channel conditions with low correlation between transmit antennas. Although, real speeds are far lower. Besides the throughput gain from doubling the number of cells to be used, some diversity and joint scheduling gains can also be achieved.<ref>R1-081546, “Initial multi-carrier HSPA performance evaluation”, Ericsson, 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 #52bis, April, 2008</ref> The QoS (Quality of Service) can be particularly improved for end users in poor radio reception where they cannot benefit from the other WCDMA capacity improvements (MIMO and higher order modulations) due to poor radio signal quality. In 3GPP a study item was completed in June 2008. The outcome can be found in technical report 25.825.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25825.htm|title=3GPP specification: 25.825|work=3gpp.org}}</ref> An alternative method to double the data rates is to double the bandwidth to 10&nbsp;MHz (i.e. 2×5&nbsp;MHz) by using DC-HSDPA.


=== Dual-Carrier HSDPA (DC-HSDPA) ===
An all-IP architecture is an option within HSPA+. Base stations connect to the network via standard gigabit Ethernet to the ISP's edge routers connected to the internet or other ISP via peering arrangements. This makes the network faster, cheaper to deploy and operate.
'''Dual-Carrier HSDPA''', also known as Dual-Cell HSDPA, is part of [[3GPP]] Release 8 specification. It is the natural evolution of HSPA by means of [[carrier aggregation]] in the downlink. UMTS licenses are often issued as 5, 10, or 20&nbsp;MHz paired spectrum allocations. The basic idea of the multicarrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum efficiency by means of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the downlink carriers.<ref name="Nomor 1">{{cite web |url=http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/white-papers/dual-cell-hspa-and-its-future-evolution |title=Dual-Cell HSPA and its Future Evolution - Nomor Research |publisher=nomor |date=2010-10-10 |access-date=2016-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161319/http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/white-papers/dual-cell-hspa-and-its-future-evolution |archive-date=2014-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


New HSDPA [[High-Speed Downlink Packet Access#User Equipment (UE) categories|User Equipment categories 21-24]] have been introduced that support DC-HSDPA. DC-HSDPA can support up to 42.2&nbsp;Mbit/s, but unlike HSPA, it does not need to rely on MIMO transmission.
However the legacy architecture is still possible with the Evolved HSPA. This 'flat architecture' communicates 'user plane' IP directly from the base station to the [[GGSN]] IP router system, using any available link technology. It is defined in [ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/archive/25_series/25.999/ 3GPP TR25.999]. User IP data bypasses the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the [[SGSN]] of the previous 3GPP UMTS architecture versions. This is a major step towards the [[3GPP Long Term Evolution]] (LTE) flat architecture as defined in the 3GPP standard Rel-8. In essence the flat architecture turns the cellular base station into an IP router. It connects to the Internet with cost effective modern IP link layer technologies like Ethernet, and for user plane data it is not tied to the SONET/SDH infrastructure or T1/E1 lines anymore.


The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators deploying Release 7 MIMO to benefit from the DC-HSDPA functionality as defined in Release 8. While in Release 8 DC-HSDPA can only operate on adjacent carriers, Release 9 also allows that the paired cells can operate on two different frequency bands. Later releases allow the use of up to four carriers simultaneously.
'''Internet HSPA''' or '''I-HSPA''' is [[Nokia Siemens Networks]] product concept implementing Evolved HSPA.<ref>[http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/global/InnovationTechnology/SuccessStories.htm#InternetHigh-SpeedPacketAccess(I-HSPA) Internet High-Speed Packet Access (I-HSPA), Nokia Siemens Networks]</ref>


From Release 9 onwards it will be possible to use DC-HSDPA in combination with MIMO being used on both carriers. The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators even more capacity improvements within their network. This will allow the theoretical speed of up to 84.4&nbsp;Mbit/s.<ref name="Nomor 2">{{cite web |url=http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution |title=2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution - Nomor Research |publisher=nomor |date=2010-10-10 |access-date=2016-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161322/http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution |archive-date=2014-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/3g-hspa/dc-dual-carrier-hspa-hsdpa.php |title=Dual carrier HSPA: DC-HSPA, DC-HSPDA |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120055200/https://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/3g-hspa/dc-dual-carrier-hspa-hsdpa.php |archive-date=2018-11-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Deployment==
*On 10 June 2008 Australia's [[Telstra]] [[Next G]] network was the first to enable some features of HSPA+.<ref>[http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson/press/releases/20080610-1226569.shtml Ericsson world-first in delivering innovative 3G technology to Telstra - Press Release<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


=== User Equipment (UE) Categories ===
*On 5 December 2008, the first 21 Mbit/s (downlink) and 5.8 Mbit/s (uplink) data link was established on a commercial network (Telstra).<ref>[http://www.itwire.com/content/view/22150/127/ World’s first 21 Mbit/s eHSPA/HSPA+ data “call” made in Australia]</ref>
The following table is derived from table 5.1a of the release 11 of 3GPP TS 25.306<ref>3GPP TS 25.306 v11.0.0 http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25306.htm</ref> and shows maximum data rates of different device classes and by what combination of features they are achieved. The per-cell per-stream data rate is limited by the ''Maximum number of bits of an HS-DSCH transport block received within an HS-DSCH TTI'' and the ''Minimum inter-TTI interval''. The TTI is 2 ms. So for example Cat 10 can decode 27,952 bits/2 ms = 13.976&nbsp;Mbit/s (and not 14.4&nbsp;Mbit/s as often claimed incorrectly). Categories 1-4 and 11 have inter-TTI intervals of 2 or 3, which reduces the maximum data rate by that factor. Dual-Cell and MIMO 2x2 each multiply the maximum data rate by 2, because multiple independent transport blocks are transmitted over different carriers or spatial streams, respectively. The data rates given in the table are rounded to one decimal point.


{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center"
*On 23 October 2008, the first wireless data devices for the HSPA+ standard were announced. The devices, developed by Sierra Wireless in collaboration with Netcomm,<ref>[http://www.sierrawireless.com/resources/documents/solutions/Netcomm_Final-Sierra_Wireless_3G_Empowered1.pdf Moving Beyond Borders]</ref> Telstra, Qualcomm, and Ericsson, offer peak download speeds of 21 Mbit/s over Telstra’s Next G network – three times faster than currently available HSPA modems.<ref>[http://www.sierrawireless.com/news_events/news.aspx?year=2008&contentid=6CA5123B-14ED-4FDD-9361-687313B9D5A4 Sierra Wireless developing world’s fastest mobile broadband device for Telstra’s Next G network - Press Release]</ref>
|-
!colspan="7"| Evolved HSDPA User Equipment (UE) categories
|-
! Category
! Release
! Max. number<br />of HS-DSCH<br />codes (per cell)
! Modulation <ref group="note">16-QAM implies QPSK support, 64-QAM implies 16-QAM and QPSK support.</ref>
! MIMO, Multi-Cell
! [[Code rate]]<br />at max. Data<br />Rate <ref group="note">The maximal code rate is not limited. A value close to 1 in this column indicates that the maximum data rate can be achieved only in ideal conditions. The device is therefore connected directly to the transmitter to demonstrate these data rates.</ref>
! Max. Downlink<br />Speed<br /><small>(Mbit/s)</small> <ref group="note">The maximum data rates given in the table are physical layer data rates. Application layer data rate is approximately 85% of that, due to the inclusion of IP headers ([[overhead information]]) etc.</ref>
|-
| 13
| 7
| 15
| [[64-QAM]]
|
| .82
| 17.6
|-
| 14
| 7
| 15
| 64-QAM
|
| .98
| 21.1
|-
| 15
| 7
| 15
| 16-QAM
| [[MIMO]] 2x2
| .81
| 23.4
|-
| 16
| 7
| 15
| 16-QAM
| MIMO 2x2
| .97
| 28.0
|-
| rowspan="2" | 17
| rowspan="2" | 7
| 15
| 64-QAM
|
| .82
| 17.6
|-
| 15
| 16-QAM
| MIMO 2x2
| .81
| 23.4
|-
| rowspan="2" | 18
| rowspan="2" | 7
| 15
| 64-QAM
|
| .98
| 21.1
|-
| 15
| 16-QAM
| MIMO 2x2
| .97
| 28.0
|-
| 19
| 8 <ref group="note">Category 19 was specified in Release 7 as "For further use". Not until Release 8 simultaneous use of 64QAM and MIMO were allowed to obtain the specified max. data rate.</ref>
| 15
| 64-QAM
| MIMO 2x2
| .82
| 35.3
|-
| 20
| 8 <ref group="note">Category 20 was specified in Release 7 as "For further use". Not until Release 8 simultaneous use of 64QAM and MIMO were allowed to obtain the specified max. data rate.</ref>
| 15
| 64-QAM
| MIMO 2x2
| .98
| 42.2
|-
| 21
| 8
| 15
| 16-QAM
| [[Dual-Cell HSDPA|Dual-Cell]]
| .81
| 23.4
|-
| 22
| 8
| 15
| 16-QAM
| Dual-Cell
| .97
| 28.0
|-
| 23
| 8
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Dual-Cell
| .82
| 35.3
|-
| 24
| 8
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Dual-Cell
| .98
| 42.2
|-
| 25
| 9
| 15
| 16-QAM
| Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2
| .81
| 46.7
|-
| 26
| 9
| 15
| 16-QAM
| Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2
| .97
| 55.9
|-
| 27
| 9
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2
| .82
| 70.6
|-
| 28
| 9
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2
| .98
| 84.4
|-
| 29
| 10
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Triple-Cell
| .98
| 63.3
|-
| 30
| 10
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Triple-Cell + MIMO 2x2
| .98
| 126.6
|-
| 31
| 10
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Quad-Cell
| .98
| 84.4
|-
| 32
| 10
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Quad-Cell + MIMO 2x2
| .98
| 168.8
|-
| 33
| 11
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Hexa-Cell
| .98
| 126.6
|-
| 34
| 11
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Hexa-Cell + MIMO 2x2
| .98
| 253.2
|-
| 35
| 11
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Octa-Cell
| .98
| 168.8
|-
| 36
| 11
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Octa-Cell + MIMO 2x2
| .98
| 337.5
|-
| 37
| 11
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Dual-Cell + MIMO 4x4
| .98
| 168.8
|-
| 38
| 11
| 15
| 64-QAM
| Quad-Cell + MIMO 4x4
| .98
| 337.5
|}
:'''Notes''':
{{Reflist| group=note}}


== Uplink ==
*New Zealand's [[2degrees]] Mobile network has announced it will use HSPA+..<ref>[http://www.2degreesmobile.co.nz/coverage 2degrees Mobile choice]</ref>
=== Dual-Carrier HSUPA (DC-HSUPA) ===
'''Dual-Carrier HSUPA''', also known as ''Dual-Cell HSUPA'', is a wireless broadband standard based on HSPA that is defined in [[3GPP]] [[Universal mobile telecommunications system|UMTS]] release 9.


Dual Cell (DC-)HSUPA is the natural evolution of HSPA by means of carrier aggregation in the uplink.<ref name="Nomor">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution |title=Nomor 3GPP Newsletter 2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161322/http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution |archive-date=2014-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> UMTS licenses are often issued as 10 or 15&nbsp;MHz paired spectrum allocations. The basic idea of the multicarrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum efficiency by means of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the uplink carriers.
*Telecom in [[New Zealand]] have also announced its use.<ref>[http://computerworld.co.nz/news.nsf/netw/3C4D4C555806E629CC2574E4006C62ED TUANZ praises Telecom's network investment choice]</ref>


Similar enhancements as introduced with [[Dual-Cell HSDPA]] in the downlink for 3GPP Release 8 were standardized for the uplink in 3GPP Release 9, called Dual-Cell HSUPA. The standardisation of Release 9 was completed in December 2009.<ref>[http://www.3gpp.org/releases 3GPP releases]</ref><ref name="DC-HSUPA">[http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution Nomor 3GPP Newsletter 2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161322/http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution |date=2014-02-01 }}, nomor.de</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/white-papers/dual-cell-hspa-and-its-future-evolution |title=Nomor Research White Paper: Dual-Cell HSDPA and its Evolution |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161319/http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/white-papers/dual-cell-hspa-and-its-future-evolution |archive-date=2014-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[AT&T Mobility]] has hinted at using HSPA+ as a bridge standard prior to launching [[3GPP Long Term Evolution]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telecoms.com/itmgcontent/tcoms/news/articles/20017502859.html|title=AT&T develops wireless broadband plans|accessdate=2008-08-25}}</ref>


=== User Equipment (UE) Categories ===
*On 2 December 2008, [[PCCW]], the largest telecommunications company in [[Hong Kong]] publicly demonstrated their "PCCW NextGen Network" based on HSPA+ technology. The company will market its new HSPA+ network together with next generation gigabit fiber landline internet service in a bundle, and products are scheduled to be released to the mass market in early 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hkheadline.com/digital/digital_content.asp?contid=25462&srctype=p|title=PCCW Demonstrate HSPA+ enabled NextGen network|accessdate=2008-12-08}}</ref>
The following table shows uplink speeds for the different categories of Evolved HSUPA.


{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center"
*On 8 January 2009, [[StarHub]], a telecommunication provider in [[Singapore]], commenced the upgrade of its mobile broadband network to HSPA+, following a successful live demonstration of its capability to deliver 21 Mbit/s on the downlink. This is 1.5 times higher than its current network capacity of 14.4 Mbit/s. By 2Q-2009, StarHub’s mobile broadband network will be HSPA+ ready for commercial rollout nationwide.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.starhub.com/portal/site/Online/menuitem.935dac8c897c3fb7eaaf3b608324a5a0/?vgnextoid=01ed8bc76c040210VgnVCM100000464114acRCRD
|-
|title=StarHub HSPA+ Pilot Test|accessdate=2009-03-31}}</ref>
!colspan="4"| Evolved HSUPA User Equipment (UE) categories
|-
! HSUPA<br />Category
! Release
! Max.<br />Uplink<br />Speed<br /><small>(Mbit/s)</small>
! Modulation
|-
| 7
| 7
| 11.5
| QPSK & 16QAM
|-
| 8
| 9
| 11.5
| 2 ms, dual cell E-DCH operation, QPSK only;<br />(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g)
|-
| 9
| 9
| 22.9
| 2 ms, dual cell E-DCH operation, QPSK and 16QAM;<br />(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g)
|-
| 10
| 11
| 17.25
| 2 ms, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM;<br />(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g)
|-
| 11
| 11
| 22.9
| 2 ms, uplink MIMO, QPSK and 16QAM;<br />(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g)
|-
| 12
| 11
| 34.5
| 2 ms, uplink MIMO, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM;<br />(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g)
|}


== Multi-carrier HSPA (MC-HSPA) ==
*In June 2009, [[Telecom Italia Mobile]], the biggest Italian provider, plans to cover the city of [[Milano]] with HSPA+, with [[Ericsson]] as the technological partner.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson/press/releases/20090218-1291326.shtml|title=Ericsson to deploy 28 Mbit/s mobile broadband speeds in Telecom Italia's network|accessdate=2009-02-19}}</ref>
The aggregation of more than two carriers has been studied and [[3GPP]] Release 11 is scheduled to include 4-carrier HSPA. The standard was scheduled to be finalised in Q3&nbsp;2012 and first chipsets supporting MC-HSPA in late 2013. Release 11 specifies 8-carrier HSPA allowed in non-contiguous bands with 4&nbsp;×&nbsp;4&nbsp;[[MIMO]] offering peak transfer rates up to {{nowrap|672 Mbit/s.}}


The 168&nbsp;Mbit/s and 22&nbsp;Mbit/s represent theoretical peak speeds. The actual speed for a user will be lower. In general, HSPA+ offers higher bitrates only in very good radio conditions (very close to the cell tower) or if the terminal and network both support either [[MIMO]] or [[Dual-Cell HSDPA]], which effectively use two parallel transmit channels with different technical implementations.
*On 17 February 2009, during the [[Mobile World Congress]] in [[Barcelona]], [[O2 Germany]] unveiled the start of a HSPA+ trial in [[Munich, Germany]] in summer 2009. The friendly user test{{Clarify me|date=March 2009}} should provide 28 Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.76 Mbit/s on the uplink.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theunwired.net/?item=mwc09-live-o2-germany-to-trial-hsdpa-at-28-mbit|title=O2 Germany to trial HSDPA+ at 28 MBit|accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref>


The higher 168&nbsp;Mbit/s speeds are achieved by using multiple carriers with [[Dual-Cell HSDPA]] and 4-way [[MIMO]] together simultaneously.<ref name="ericsson">{{cite web|url=http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/atsp/multi-carrier_hspa_evolution.pdf|date=28 January 2009|title=Multi-Carrier HSPA Evolution|author1=Klas Johansson|author2=Johan Bergman|author3=Dirk Gerstenberger|author4=Mats Blomgren|author5=Anders Wallén|publisher=Ericsson.com|access-date=2014-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526034623/http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/atsp/multi-carrier_hspa_evolution.pdf|archive-date=26 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="nokiasiemensnetworks">{{cite web|url=http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/sites/default/files/document/HSPA_evolution_white_paper_low_res_141220.pdf|date=14 December 2010|title=White paper Long Term HSPA Evolution Mobile broadband evolution beyond 3GPP Release 10|publisher=Nokiaslemensnetworks.com|access-date=2014-06-01|archive-date=2012-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318061643/http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/sites/default/files/document/HSPA_evolution_white_paper_low_res_141220.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*On 23 March 2009, Austrian mobile operator A1 - [[mobilkom austria]] started a commercial HSPA+ Network in Europe.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mobilkomaustria.com/de/presse/20090323}}</ref>


== All-IP architecture ==
*On 30 March 2009, [[Hong Kong CSL Limited|CSL]] Limited, Hong Kong’s leading mobile operator, unveiled the first commercial launch of HSPA+ in Hong Kong, provided up to 21 Mbit/s on the downlink and offers the widest coverage providing unrivaled mobility and performance..<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hkcsl.com/en/pdf/2009/Press_releaseV7_Eng_.pdf|title=CSL launches NextG - The world’s fastest mobile broadband network comes to Hong Kong|accessdate=2009-03-31}}</ref>
A flattened all-IP architecture is an option for the network within HSPA+. In this architecture, the base stations connect to the network via IP (often Ethernet providing the transmission), bypassing legacy elements for the user's data connections. This makes the network faster and cheaper to deploy and operate. The legacy architecture is still permitted with the Evolved HSPA and is likely to exist for several years after adoption of the other aspects of HSPA+ (higher-order modulation, multiple streams, etc.).
*On 4 April 2009, [[Dialog Telekom]], Sri Lanka's largest current HSPA provider announced its update to HSPA+ will be completed soon. And now they are implemented a test network in [[Colombo]]


This 'flat architecture' connects the 'user plane' directly from the base station to the [[GGSN]] external gateway, using any available link technology supporting TCP/IP. The definition can be found in [http://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/archive/25_series/25.999/ 3GPP TR25.999]. The user's data flow bypasses the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the [[SGSN]] of the previous 3GPP UMTS architecture versions, thus simplifying the architecture, reducing costs and delays. This is nearly identical to the [[3GPP Long Term Evolution]] (LTE) flat architecture as defined in the 3GPP standard Rel-8. The changes allow cost-effective modern link layer technologies such as xDSL or Ethernet, and these technologies are no longer tied to the more expensive and rigid requirements of the older standard of SONET/SDH and E1/T1 infrastructure.
*On 20 May 2009, [[Cosmote]] in [[Greece]] announced that it started offering HSPA+ speeds up to 21Mbps in parts of its HSPA network in central [[Athens]] and [[Thessaloniki]] with other areas to be upgraded soon. Cosmote was also the launch market for [[ZTE]]'s new HSPA+ data card product. [http://www.cosmote.gr/cosmote/cosmote.portal?locale=el_GR&_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=press_releases&path=%2FSCSDevRepository%2Fcontent%2Fel%2Fsections%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressrelease%2F200509gr.xml&breadcrumbTitle=Η+COSMOTE+πρώτη+στην+ελληνική+αγορά+με+ταχύτητες+έως+21+Mbps+(HSPA%2B)]


There are no changes to the 'control plane'.
*On 29 May 2009, [[Alfa (Lebanon)|Alfa]]'s CEO and chairman announced that [[Lebanon]] is going to be among the first countries in the world to launch the HSPA plus technology by the end of the year. This would make the country the first in the [[Middle East]] to offer this advanced service.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidDS290509_dsart50/Lebanon%20To%20Launch%20HSPA%20Plus%20High-Speed%20Internet|title=Lebanon set to launch HSPA+ high-speed internet|accessdate=2009-07-09}}</ref>


[[Nokia Siemens Networks]] '''Internet HSPA''' ('''I-HSPA''') was the first commercial solution implementing the Evolved HSPA flattened all-IP architecture.<ref>[http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/products/mobile-broadband/internet-hspa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102060653/http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/products/mobile-broadband/internet-hspa|date=January 2, 2011}}</ref>
*On 4 June 2009, the president of [[DAVE Wireless]], a future wireless provider in Canada, revealed that the company would be deploying a HSPA+ network covering several major cities in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.itworldcanada.com/a/News/cde51543-1268-4c30-9b7d-8c117e8498e0.html|title=DAVE Wireless to have speedy network|accessdate=2009-06-07}}</ref>

*On 7 June 2009, [[Vodafone Greece]] announced that they are launching 21,6Mbps speeds in the downlink and 5,7Mbps speed in the downlink for the first time (sic) in the greek market. Those speeds are initially going to be available in Athens and coverage is going to be expanded continuously. [http://www.vodafone.gr/portal/client/news/pressReleaseClient!pressReleaseDetails.action?pressReleaseId=27501&dateFrom=&dateUntil=&request_locale=en]

*On 8 June 2009, [[EMOBILE Limited|E MOBILE]], providing HSPA network in [[Japan]], announced that E Mobile starts its upgrading to HSPA+ from early August 2009. [http://www.emobile.jp/cgi-bin/e_press.cgi?id=504]

*On 27 June 2009, Vodafone Portugal launched a HSPA 64QAM service at 21.6 Mbps. Two days later Optimus and TMN also launched the same service in Portugal

*On July 28, 2009, [[Rogers Wireless]] announced a national deployment of HSPA+ in Canada for 2009–2010, starting with [[Calgary]], [[Montreal]], [[Ottawa]], [[Toronto]], and [[Vancouver]] on September 14.

*On September 1, 2009, Zapp Romania announced a national deployment of HSPA+ in Romania. The service will be available starting October 2009 in major cities.

*On September 3, 2009, Vodafone Romania announced the launch of commercial HSPA+ service in Bucharest area with plans of extending the network in major cities throughout Romania.

*On September 4, 2009, Swiss telecom operator [[Swisscom]] announced the launch of commercial HSPA+ service with speeds of up to 28.8 Mbps in the [[Geneva]] area in October for the start of [[ITU]] with plans of extending the network to major cities throughout [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{cite new|url=http://www.swisscom.com/NR/rdonlyres/068BB562-2BED-468B-9E62-3063BB36AA8C/0/20090904_MM_Ausbau_mobiles_Datennetz_en.pdf|title=Another first for Swisscom’s mobile data network|accessdate=2010-03-13}}</ref>

*On September, 2009, [[Mobiltel]] announced a national deployment of HSPA+ in Sofia area with commercial launch on 17 September and plans of extending the network in major cities throughout Bulgaria.

*On 4 November 2009, [[Smartone-Vodafone]] in [[Hong Kong]] announced they have upgraded their [[3G]] network to HSPA+. Offering a theoretical downlink speed of 21 [[Mbps]].<ref>{{cite new|url=http://www.smartone-vodafone.com/about/media_centre/press_release/press/2009/11/2009_11_05_310.pdf|title=Smartone-Vodafone press release on their launch of their 21Mbps HSPA+ Network|accessdate=2009-11-04}}</ref>
*On November 4 and 5, 2009, Canadian providers [[Bell Mobility]] and [[Telus Mobility]] respectively launched their HSPA+ networks, running alongside their existing [[EVDO]] networks.<ref>{{cite new|url=http://www.electronista.com/articles/09/10/05/bells.early.hspa.launch.official/|title=Bell's 21Mbps HSPA+ due in Nov.; iPhone imminent?|accessdate=2009-10-07}}</ref>

*On November 4, 2009, Indonesia's largest mobile phone operator, [[Telkomsel]] launched their HSPA+ service to its post paid customers in the Greater [[Jakarta]] area called Next Gen Flash [http://www.telkomsel.com/web/nextgenflash].

*On November 15, 2009, Telefonica Moviles announced a national deployment of HSPA+ in Spain, Argentina and Venezuela, for launching on 2010.

*On November, 2009, Cyfrowy Polsat with Sferia and Aero2 in Poland launched their HSPA+ network to its customers. The network uses UMTS850 and UMTS900 bands and is available in all major cities through the country and also in villages located in southern Poland.

*On 1 December 2009, Plus GSM - polish mobile phone operator launched own HSPA+ network in eleven Polish cities.

*On January 4 2010 - [[Etisalat]] [[UAE]] announced that their 3.5 G network was upgraded to support HSPA+, <ref>[http://etisalat.ae/index.jsp?lang=en&type=content&currentid=10c8e15c0b56a010VgnVCM1000000a0a0a0a____&contentid=47d604618e6e5210VgnVCM1000000c24a8c0RCRD&parentid=fa58800d1f52a010VgnVCM1000000a0a0a0a____|Etisalat’s HSPA+ peaks Burj Khalifa’s mobile broadband speed to the region’s highest]</ref>

* On January 10 2010, both [[Mobily]] and [[Saudi Telecom Company|STC]] announced their own HSPA+ networks in [[Saudi Arabia]]. As usual they cover 1 district in each of the biggest 3 cities [[Riyadh]], [[Dammam]] and [[Jeddah]] only, leaving the rest of the country with [[General Packet Radio Service|GPRS]]. Both companies announce HSPA+ while their already deployed HSDPA offerings barely reach speeds of 0.5 Mbps.

*on February 4 2010, Vodafone Hungary announced its commercial 21Mbps HSPA+ network. The service is available in [[Budapest]] <ref>[http://www.hwsw.hu/hirek/43896/vodafone-hspa-operator-internet-mobilinternet-hspa-3g.html HSPA+ launched in Budapest (hungarian)]</ref>.

*On February 10 2010, Viva Bahrain announced its 21Mbps HSPA+ network, very few details known about the network and it's implementation as Viva Bahrain didn't start it's services in Bahrain as of the announcement date <ref>http://www.viva.com.bh/</ref><ref>http://www.viva.com.bh/</ref>

*On February 2010, Etisalat Misr (Etisalat Egypt) launches its 21Mbps HSPA+ service. No exact details about coverage is published. The higher speed is provided for a (99 EGP ~18US$) extra fee on any of the available packages.<ref>http://etisalat.com.eg/portal/page?_pageid=42,1&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&siteAlias=etisalat&sitePath=Etisalat_Portal_En&kpAlias=smartnet&pageAlias=usb_modem</ref>

*On February 2010, Telstra - An Australian Telco Launched the worlds first 42 mbps network in the world.

*On March 2010, Orange - An Austrian Telco Launched the Austrians first 42 mbps network in Vienna Neustadt.

*On 15 April 2010, [[Vodafone Malta]] announced that they launched 14,4Mbps speeds in the downlink and 2Mbps speed in the uplink for the first time in the Maltese market. [http://www.vodafone.com.mt/pro-internet-key]

* [[T-Mobile USA]] has announced its network will support HSPA+ and most upgrades should be completed by the end of 2010. As of December 15, 2009, T-Mobile USA are testing in their [[Philadelphia]] market.

* BendBroadband, a small nationally recognized US cable operator, became the first production HSPA+ deployment in the United States<ref>[http://bendbroadband.com/press/BendBroadband%20Wireless%20Internet%20Launch.pdf|title=BendBroadband Press Statement]</ref>. The product has been demonstrated at speeds in excess of 15Mbps down and 6Mbps up.

* Mobitel, the mobile arm of Sri Lanka Telecom has announced its successful trial on HSPA+ on 20 December 2009. Mobitel is the 2nd Sri Lankan operator to trial HSPA+ after Dialog Telekom HSPA+ deplyment in April 2009.

*[[Cell C]] (South Africa) is planning a R5-billion (US$660 million) investment in a HSPA upgrade during 2010..<ref>http://www.cellular-news.com/story/41023.php</ref>

* Belarus has announced its first network in Belarus will support HSPA+. Download 19 mbit/s. Minsk, Gomel.

* velcom Belarus announces the commercial launch of 3G on the base of UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+ technology. Download speed 20,6 mbit/s. <ref>http://velcom.by/en/about/news/10058.htm</ref>

* On April 16th, 2010 Etisalat Egypt started offering 42 Mbps "the first in Africa and all the Middle East"
<ref>http://etisalat.com.eg/portal/page?_pageid=82,1&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&siteAlias=etisalat&sitePath=Etisalat_Portal_Ar&kpAlias=smartnet_ar&pageAlias=usb_modem_ar</ref>

* On April 26th, 2010 [[Indosat]], Indonesian mobile operator launched HSPA+ internet service with downlink speed 42 Mbps (claimed the first in Asia) and Uplink speed 11 Mbps. <ref>http://www.indosat.com/Indosat_35G_Broadband/Indosat_35G_Broadband_Up_Date/Akses_Internet_Tercepat_DCHSPA_42_Mbps</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Comparison of wireless data standards]]
* [[High Speed Packet Access]] HSPA main article
* [[High Speed Packet Access]]
* [[List of UMTS networks]]


== References ==
*HSPA+ Upgrade in Sri Lanka [http://www.cellular-news.com/story/37088.php]
{{Reflist|30em}}


== External links ==
*Sri Lanka; Local 28.8 Mbps downlink HSPA trial a 'success'[http://www.sundaytimes.lk/091220/BusinessTimes/bt12.html]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081026202407/http://www.3gpp.org/specs/specs.htm 3GPP Specifications Home Page]

* [http://webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp ETSI GSM UMTS 3GPP Numbering Cross Reference]
==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.3gpp.org/ 3GPP]
*Free download of 3GPP standards available at
**[http://www.3gpp.org/specs/specs.htm 3GPP Specifications Home Page]
**[http://webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp ETSI GSM UMTS 3GPP Numbering Cross Reference]
* [http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1888232 Public HSPA Discussion Forum]
*[http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/Operators/Downloads/Nokia_Radio_Access_Networks/Nokia%20HSPA%20Solution.pdf Nokia HSPA]
*[http://www.3gamericas.org/documents/2006_Rysavy_Data_Paper_FINAL_09.15.06.pdf EDGE, HSPA & LTE]
*[http://www.qualcomm.com/press/releases/2007/070212_deliver_28_mbps.html QUALCOMM to Deliver 28 Mbps Mobile Broadband with HSPA+]
* [http://www.huawei.com/radio_access_network/hspa/HSPA.do?card=1 Huawei HSPA+]
</br>


{{Mobile telecommunications standards}}
{{Mobile telecommunications standards}}


[[Category:3GPP standards]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Evolved Hspa}}
[[Category:3rd Generation Partnership Project standards]]
[[Category:UMTS]]
[[Category:Universal Mobile Telecommunications System]]
[[Category:Year of introduction missing]]

[[et:HSPA+]]
[[it:HSPA evoluto]]
[[pt:HSPA Desenvolvido]]
[[su:HSPA+]]
[[fi:HSPA+]]
[[sv:Evolved HSPA]]
[[zh:HSPA+]]

Latest revision as of 03:40, 1 December 2024

Part of a series on the
Wireless network technologies
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Mobile telecommunications
HSPA+ sign shown in notification bar on an Android-based smartphone.

Evolved High Speed Packet Access, HSPA+, HSPA (Plus) or HSPAP, is a technical standard for wireless broadband telecommunication. It is the second phase of HSPA which has been introduced in 3GPP release 7 and being further improved in later 3GPP releases. HSPA+ can achieve data rates of up to 42.2 Mbit/s.[1] It introduces antenna array technologies such as beamforming and multiple-input multiple-output communications (MIMO). Beamforming focuses the transmitted power of an antenna in a beam toward the user's direction. MIMO uses multiple antennas on the sending and receiving side. Further releases of the standard have introduced dual carrier operation, i.e. the simultaneous use of two 5 MHz carriers. HSPA+ is an evolution of HSPA that upgrades the existing 3G network and provides a method for telecom operators to migrate towards 4G speeds that are more comparable to the initially available speeds of newer LTE networks without deploying a new radio interface. HSPA+ should not be confused with LTE though, which uses an air interface based on orthogonal frequency-division modulation and multiple access.[2]

Advanced HSPA+ is a further evolution of HSPA and provides data rates up to 84.4 and 168 megabits per second (Mbit/s) to the mobile device (downlink) and 22 Mbit/s from the mobile device (uplink) under ideal signal conditions. Technically these are achieved through the use of a multiple-antenna technique known as MIMO (for "multiple-input and multiple-output") and higher order modulation (64QAM) or combining multiple cells into one with a technique known as Dual-Cell HSDPA.

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Evolved HSDPA (HSPA+)

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Cellular network standards and generation timeline.

An Evolved HSDPA network can theoretically support up to 28 Mbit/s and 42 Mbit/s with a single 5 MHz carrier for Rel7 (MIMO with 16QAM) and Rel8 (64-QAM + MIMO), in good channel conditions with low correlation between transmit antennas. Although, real speeds are far lower. Besides the throughput gain from doubling the number of cells to be used, some diversity and joint scheduling gains can also be achieved.[3] The QoS (Quality of Service) can be particularly improved for end users in poor radio reception where they cannot benefit from the other WCDMA capacity improvements (MIMO and higher order modulations) due to poor radio signal quality. In 3GPP a study item was completed in June 2008. The outcome can be found in technical report 25.825.[4] An alternative method to double the data rates is to double the bandwidth to 10 MHz (i.e. 2×5 MHz) by using DC-HSDPA.

Dual-Carrier HSDPA (DC-HSDPA)

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Dual-Carrier HSDPA, also known as Dual-Cell HSDPA, is part of 3GPP Release 8 specification. It is the natural evolution of HSPA by means of carrier aggregation in the downlink. UMTS licenses are often issued as 5, 10, or 20 MHz paired spectrum allocations. The basic idea of the multicarrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum efficiency by means of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the downlink carriers.[5]

New HSDPA User Equipment categories 21-24 have been introduced that support DC-HSDPA. DC-HSDPA can support up to 42.2 Mbit/s, but unlike HSPA, it does not need to rely on MIMO transmission.

The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators deploying Release 7 MIMO to benefit from the DC-HSDPA functionality as defined in Release 8. While in Release 8 DC-HSDPA can only operate on adjacent carriers, Release 9 also allows that the paired cells can operate on two different frequency bands. Later releases allow the use of up to four carriers simultaneously.

From Release 9 onwards it will be possible to use DC-HSDPA in combination with MIMO being used on both carriers. The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators even more capacity improvements within their network. This will allow the theoretical speed of up to 84.4 Mbit/s.[6][7]

User Equipment (UE) Categories

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The following table is derived from table 5.1a of the release 11 of 3GPP TS 25.306[8] and shows maximum data rates of different device classes and by what combination of features they are achieved. The per-cell per-stream data rate is limited by the Maximum number of bits of an HS-DSCH transport block received within an HS-DSCH TTI and the Minimum inter-TTI interval. The TTI is 2 ms. So for example Cat 10 can decode 27,952 bits/2 ms = 13.976 Mbit/s (and not 14.4 Mbit/s as often claimed incorrectly). Categories 1-4 and 11 have inter-TTI intervals of 2 or 3, which reduces the maximum data rate by that factor. Dual-Cell and MIMO 2x2 each multiply the maximum data rate by 2, because multiple independent transport blocks are transmitted over different carriers or spatial streams, respectively. The data rates given in the table are rounded to one decimal point.

Notes:
  1. ^ 16-QAM implies QPSK support, 64-QAM implies 16-QAM and QPSK support.
  2. ^ The maximal code rate is not limited. A value close to 1 in this column indicates that the maximum data rate can be achieved only in ideal conditions. The device is therefore connected directly to the transmitter to demonstrate these data rates.
  3. ^ The maximum data rates given in the table are physical layer data rates. Application layer data rate is approximately 85% of that, due to the inclusion of IP headers (overhead information) etc.
  4. ^ Category 19 was specified in Release 7 as "For further use". Not until Release 8 simultaneous use of 64QAM and MIMO were allowed to obtain the specified max. data rate.
  5. ^ Category 20 was specified in Release 7 as "For further use". Not until Release 8 simultaneous use of 64QAM and MIMO were allowed to obtain the specified max. data rate.
[edit]

Dual-Carrier HSUPA (DC-HSUPA)

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Dual-Carrier HSUPA, also known as Dual-Cell HSUPA, is a wireless broadband standard based on HSPA that is defined in 3GPP UMTS release 9.

Dual Cell (DC-)HSUPA is the natural evolution of HSPA by means of carrier aggregation in the uplink.[9] UMTS licenses are often issued as 10 or 15 MHz paired spectrum allocations. The basic idea of the multicarrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum efficiency by means of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the uplink carriers.

Similar enhancements as introduced with Dual-Cell HSDPA in the downlink for 3GPP Release 8 were standardized for the uplink in 3GPP Release 9, called Dual-Cell HSUPA. The standardisation of Release 9 was completed in December 2009.[10][11][12]

User Equipment (UE) Categories

[edit]

The following table shows uplink speeds for the different categories of Evolved HSUPA.

Multi-carrier HSPA (MC-HSPA)

[edit]

The aggregation of more than two carriers has been studied and 3GPP Release 11 is scheduled to include 4-carrier HSPA. The standard was scheduled to be finalised in Q3 2012 and first chipsets supporting MC-HSPA in late 2013. Release 11 specifies 8-carrier HSPA allowed in non-contiguous bands with 4 × 4 MIMO offering peak transfer rates up to 672 Mbit/s.

The 168 Mbit/s and 22 Mbit/s represent theoretical peak speeds. The actual speed for a user will be lower. In general, HSPA+ offers higher bitrates only in very good radio conditions (very close to the cell tower) or if the terminal and network both support either MIMO or Dual-Cell HSDPA, which effectively use two parallel transmit channels with different technical implementations.

The higher 168 Mbit/s speeds are achieved by using multiple carriers with Dual-Cell HSDPA and 4-way MIMO together simultaneously.[13][14]

All-IP architecture

[edit]

A flattened all-IP architecture is an option for the network within HSPA+. In this architecture, the base stations connect to the network via IP (often Ethernet providing the transmission), bypassing legacy elements for the user's data connections. This makes the network faster and cheaper to deploy and operate. The legacy architecture is still permitted with the Evolved HSPA and is likely to exist for several years after adoption of the other aspects of HSPA+ (higher-order modulation, multiple streams, etc.).

This 'flat architecture' connects the 'user plane' directly from the base station to the GGSN external gateway, using any available link technology supporting TCP/IP. The definition can be found in 3GPP TR25.999. The user's data flow bypasses the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the SGSN of the previous 3GPP UMTS architecture versions, thus simplifying the architecture, reducing costs and delays. This is nearly identical to the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) flat architecture as defined in the 3GPP standard Rel-8. The changes allow cost-effective modern link layer technologies such as xDSL or Ethernet, and these technologies are no longer tied to the more expensive and rigid requirements of the older standard of SONET/SDH and E1/T1 infrastructure.

There are no changes to the 'control plane'.

Nokia Siemens Networks Internet HSPA (I-HSPA) was the first commercial solution implementing the Evolved HSPA flattened all-IP architecture.[15]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "HSPA". About Us. Archived from the original on 2017-07-09. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
  2. ^ "Ericsson Review #1 2009 - Continued HSPA Evolution of mobile broadband" (PDF). Ericsson.com. 27 January 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-01.
  3. ^ R1-081546, “Initial multi-carrier HSPA performance evaluation”, Ericsson, 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 #52bis, April, 2008
  4. ^ "3GPP specification: 25.825". 3gpp.org.
  5. ^ "Dual-Cell HSPA and its Future Evolution - Nomor Research". nomor. 2010-10-10. Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
  6. ^ "2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution - Nomor Research". nomor. 2010-10-10. Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
  7. ^ "Dual carrier HSPA: DC-HSPA, DC-HSPDA". Archived from the original on 2018-11-20. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
  8. ^ 3GPP TS 25.306 v11.0.0 http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25306.htm
  9. ^ "Nomor 3GPP Newsletter 2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution". Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
  10. ^ 3GPP releases
  11. ^ Nomor 3GPP Newsletter 2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, nomor.de
  12. ^ "Nomor Research White Paper: Dual-Cell HSDPA and its Evolution". Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
  13. ^ Klas Johansson; Johan Bergman; Dirk Gerstenberger; Mats Blomgren; Anders Wallén (28 January 2009). "Multi-Carrier HSPA Evolution" (PDF). Ericsson.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 2014-06-01.
  14. ^ "White paper Long Term HSPA Evolution Mobile broadband evolution beyond 3GPP Release 10" (PDF). Nokiaslemensnetworks.com. 14 December 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2014-06-01.
  15. ^ [1] Archived January 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
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