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Frontiers of Medical progress : key words with 1st screen in search- copy in , <exclamation --- dashes> marks. See edit screen by clikcing edit this page tab above center
{{quotation|'' Frontiers of Medical progress : key words with 1st screen in search- copy in , < exclamation --- dashes> marks. See edit screen by clikcing edit this page tab above center.
[[Health administration]] '''follow links in ext links an see also for pointers, and repeat on page after page with leads for more info'''


'''''[[Health administration]] Click on Health administration '''follow links in ext links an see also for pointers, and repeat on page after page with leads for more info'''. This process will be the whole mark for study of the subject i.e. by shear diapedesis like amoeba. In between a new lead emerges or is thought of or comes from other source, this is then carried in process like above ad infinitum. Most of this page has been created with '''''More Substance than Art!'''''
'''''. '''Likewise, in addition to Ext links, See also links, and What links here ( tab is in left side 2nd box below the search box --- first line in tool box. What links has more links and idea points than other two above.'' }}
'''
*{{shortcut|WP:WIZARD|WP:WIZ}}
*{{shortcut|WP:WIZARD|WP:WIZ}}
'''Welcome to the Wikipedia Article Wizard!''' This wizard will help you through the process of submitting a new article to Wikipedia. There are 6 sections to step through, then you'll be taken to the editing page. As each section is completed, the next will become available. If you have questions at any point, you can go to the [[Wikipedia:New contributors' help page|New Contributors' Help Page]].
'''Welcome to the Wikipedia Article Wizard!''' This wizard will help you through the process of submitting a new article to Wikipedia. There are 6 sections to step through, then you'll be taken to the editing page. As each section is completed, the next will become available. If you have questions at any point, you can go to the [[Wikipedia:New contributors' help page|New Contributors' Help Page]].
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35 KB (5,148 words) - 21:58, 9 May 2010
35 KB (5,148 words) - 21:58, 9 May 2010
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<!--- {{quotation|'' ''}}--->

* A Passage to ponder at:

{{quotation|''Economic development has brought comfort and convenience to many people in the industrialized world, but in its wake are pollution, new health problems, blighted urban landscapes and social isolation. Growing numbers of the dispossessed are also being left on the sidelines as the disparity between rich and poor grows. In an effort to remedy these ills, people from disparate backgrounds in thousands of communities are joining together with government agencies under the Healthy Cities/Healthy Communities banner to improve the quality of life in their towns and cities.'' [[Alliance for Healthy Cities ]] }}

* {{quotation|''The New Rural Co-operative Medical Care System (NRCMCS) is a new 2005 initiative to overhaul the healthcare system, particularly intended to make it more affordable for the rural poor. Nowadays the permanent urban population (except migrants) take out medical insurance. But the poor, many of them in the countryside, go into debt to pay their medical bills or go without treatment. Many in the rural areas struggle to afford with the new burden of healthcare fees, a result of the collapse of the old state-funded health system which existed before China's program of economic reforms in the 1980s.<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-11/02/content_489869.htm New rural medical co-operatives under scrutiny] China Daily</ref>.The annual cost of medical cover under the NRCMCS is 50 yuan (US$7) per person. Of that, 20 yuan is paid in by the central government, 20 yuan by the provincial government and a contribution of 10 yuan is made by the patient. As of September 2007, around 80% of the whole rural population of China had signed up (about 685 million people). The system is tiered, depending on the location. If patients go to a small hospital or clinic in their local town, the scheme will cover from 70-80% of their bill. If they go to a county one, the percentage of the cost being covered falls to about 60%. And if they need specialist help in a large modern city hospital, they have to bear most of the cost themselves, the scheme would cover about 30% of the bill.<ref>The reform of the rural cooperative medical system in the People's Republic of China: interim experience in 14 pilot counties. Authors: Carrin G.1; Ron A.; Hui Y.; Hong W.; Tuohong Z.; Licheng Z.; Shuo Z.; Yide Y.; Jiaying C.; Qicheng J.; Zhaoyang Z.; Jun Y.; Xuesheng L. Source: Social Science and Medicine, Volume 48, Number 7, April 1999, pp.961-972(12) [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/02779536/1999/00000048/00000007/art00396]</ref>'' [[Healthcare reform in the People's Republic of China]]}}

{{quotation| Reasons for disparities in access to health care are many, but can include the following:

* '''Lack of [[insurance]] coverage'''. Without health insurance, patients are more likely to postpone medical care, more likely to go without needed medical care, and more likely to go without prescription medicines. Minority groups in the United States lack insurance coverage at higher rates than whites.<ref>Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured (KCMU), "The Uninsured and Their Access to Health Care" (December 2003).</ref>
* '''Lack of a regular source of care'''. Without access to a regular source of care, patients have greater difficulty obtaining care, fewer doctor visits, and more difficulty obtaining prescription drugs. Compared to whites, minority groups in the United States are less likely to have a doctor they go to on a regular basis and are more likely to use [[emergency rooms]] and [[clinics]] as their regular source of care.<ref>G. E. Fryer, S. M. Dovey, and L. A. Green, "The Importance of Having a Usual Source of Health Care," American Family Physician 62 (2000): 477.</ref>
* '''Lack of financial resources'''. Although the lack of financial resources is a barrier to health care access for many Americans, the impact on access appears to be greater for minority populations.<ref>Commonwealth Fund (CMWF), [http://www.commondreams.org/pressreleases/may99/051499a.htm "Analysis of Minority Health Reveals Persistent, Widespread Disparities,"] press release (May 14, 1999).</ref>
* '''[[Legal]] barriers'''. Access to medical care by low-income immigrant minorities can be hindered by legal barriers to public insurance programs. For example, in the United States federal law bars states from providing [[Medicaid]] coverage to [[immigrants]] who have been in the country fewer than five years.<ref>Goldberg, J., Hayes, W., and Huntley, J. "Understanding Health Disparities." Health Policy Institute of Ohio (November 2004), page 10.</ref>
* '''Structural barriers'''. These barriers include poor transportation, an inability to schedule appointments quickly or during convenient hours, and excessive time spent in the waiting room, all of which affect a person's ability and willingness to obtain needed care.<ref>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), "National Healthcare Disparities Report," U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (July 2003).</ref>
* '''The health care financing system'''. The [[Institute of Medicine]] in the United States says fragmentation of the U.S. health care delivery and financing system is a barrier to accessing care. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be enrolled in health insurance plans which place limits on covered services and offer a limited number of health care providers.<ref>Goldberg, J., Hayes, W., and Huntley, J. "Understanding Health Disparities." Health Policy Institute of Ohio (November 2004), page 10.</ref>
* '''Scarcity of providers'''. In inner cities, rural areas, and communities with high concentrations of minority populations, access to medical care can be limited due to the scarcity of primary care practitioners, specialists, and diagnostic facilities.<ref>K. Collins, D. Hughes, M. Doty, B. Ives, J. Edwards, and K. Tenney, "Diverse Communities, Common Concerns: Assessing Health Care Quality for Minority Americans," Commonwealth Fund (March 2002).</ref>
* '''Linguistic barriers'''. Language differences restrict access to medical care for minorities in the United States who are not [[English language|English]]-proficient.<ref>National Health Law Program and the Access Project (NHeLP), Language Services Action Kit: Interpreter Services in Health Care Settings for People With Limited English Proficiency (February 2004).</ref>
* '''Health [[literacy]].''' This is where patients have problems obtaining, processing, and understanding basic health information. For example, patients with a poor understanding of good health may not know when it is necessary to seek care for certain symptoms. While problems with health literacy are not limited to minority groups, the problem can be more pronounced in these groups than in whites due to socioeconomic and educational factors.<ref>K. Collins, D. Hughes, M. Doty, B. Ives, J. Edwards, and K. Tenney, "Diverse Communities, Common Concerns: Assessing Health Care Quality for Minority Americans," Commonwealth Fund (March 2002).</ref>
* '''Lack of [[Multiculturalism|diversity]] in the health care workforce'''. A major reason for disparities in access to care are the [[cultural]] differences between predominantly white health care providers and minority patients. Only 4% of physicians in the United States are African American, and Hispanics represent just 5%, even though these percentages are much less than their groups' proportion of the United States population.<ref>Goldberg, J., Hayes, W., and Huntley, J. "Understanding Health Disparities." Health Policy Institute of Ohio (November 2004), page 13.</ref>
*'''Age.''' Age can also be a factor in health disparities for a number of reasons. As many older Americans exist on fixed incomes which may make paying for health care expenses difficult. Additionally, they may face other barriers such as impaired mobility or lack of transportation which make accessing health care services challenging for them physically. Also, they may not have the opportunity to access health information via the internet as less than 15% of Americans over the age of 65 have access to the internet.<ref>Brodie M, Flournoy RE, Altman DE, et al. Health information, the Internet, and the digital divide. Health Affairs 2000; 19(6):255-65.</ref> This could put older individuals at a disadvantage in terms of accessing valuable information about their health and how to protect it. [[Health disparities ]] }}


==Financing==
*{{Quotation|
There are generally five primary methods of funding health care systems:<ref name = "Eldis">Eldis.com. [http://www.eldis.org/healthsystems/shi/index.htm "Social Health Insurance."] Retrieved August 18, 2006.</ref><ref name = "WHO2">[http://www.searo.who.int/EN/Section1243/Section1382/Section1731.htm "Regional Overview of Social Health Insurance in South-East Asia], [[World Health Organization]]. And [http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Social_Health_Insurance_2.pdf Overview of Health Care Financing"]. Retrieved August 18, 2006.</ref>
#direct or [[Out-of-pocket expenses|out-of-pocket payments]],
#general [[taxation]] to the state, county or municipality,
#[[social health insurance]],
#voluntary or private [[health insurance]], and
#[[donation]]s or community health insurance.
Most countries' systems feature a mix of all five models. One study <ref>Glied, Sherry A. [http://papers.nber.org/papers/w13881 "Health Care Financing, Efficiency, and Equity."] ''National Bureau of Economic Research,'' March 2008. Accessed March 20th, 2008.</ref> based on data from the [[OECD]] concluded that all types of healthcare finance "are compatible with" an efficient health care system. The study also found no relationship between financing and cost control.
The term [[health insurance]] is generally used to describe a form of [[insurance]] that pays for medical expenses. It is sometimes used more broadly to include insurance covering [[Disability insurance|disability]] or [[Long term care insurance|long-term nursing or custodial care]] needs. It may be provided through a government-sponsored [[social insurance]] program, or from private insurance companies. It may be purchased on a group basis (e.g., by a firm to cover its employees) or purchased by individual consumers. In each case, the covered groups or individuals pay premiums or taxes to help protect themselves from high or unexpected health care expenses. Similar benefits paying for medical expenses may also be provided through schemes organized by the government and funded through contributions from users.

By estimating the overall cost of health care expenses, a routine finance structure (such as a monthly premium or annual tax) can be developed, ensuring that money is available to pay for the health care benefits specified in the insurance agreement. The benefit is administered by a central organization, most often either a government agency or a private or not-for-profit entity operating a health plan.<ref>[http://www.kff.org/insurance/upload/How-Private-Insurance-Works-A-Primer-Report.pdf How Private Insurance Works: A Primer] by Gary Claxton, Institution for Health Care Research and Policy, Georgetown University, on behalf of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation</ref>

Many forms of commercial health insurance control their costs by restricting the benefits that are paid by through [[deductible]]s, [[co-payment]]s, [[coinsurance]], policy exclusions, and total coverage limits and will severely restrict or refuse coverage of pre-existing conditions. Many government schemes also have co-payment schemes but exclusions are rare because of political pressure. The larger insurance schemes may also negotiate fees with providers.

Many forms of government insurance schemes control their costs by using the bargaining power of government to control costs in the health care delivery system. For example by negotiating drug prices directly with pharmaceutical companies, or negotiating standard fees with the medical profession. Government schemes sometimes feature contributions related to earnings as part of a scheme to deliver [[universal health care]], which may or may not also involve the use of commercial and non-commercial insurers. Essentially the more wealthy pay proportionately more into the scheme to cover the needs of the relatively poor who therefore contribute proportionately less. There are usually caps on the contributions of the wealthy and minimum payments that must be made by the insured (often in the form of a minimum contribution, similar to a deductible in commercial insurance models).
In health care delivery system (primary health care) there are also providers in different ways, for example Government, private, NGOs and traditional medicine.[[Healthcare Financing]]}}


*[[Dean (education)]]
*[[Dean (education)]]
*[[Healthcare in India]]
*[[Healthcare in India]]
*[[Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved ]]
*[[Primary health care ]]
*[[Alliance for Healthy Cities ]]
*[[Healthcare reform in the People's Republic of China ]]
*[[World Health Organization ]]
*[[Health care system ]] of the World
*[[Medical tourism ]]
*[[Medical tourism ]]

== Community Services ==
** ''Generally , not from links, just some thoughts''
* The Grateful Patient Program: Patient's Feedback appreciating medical care. Donation or Long term membership/ Relationship commitment, Volunterring
* Hospital Auxilliary: Retired/ seniors or students volunteering
* Hospital Volunteers' Services. This avenue is used for training allied professionals or visiting medical personnel. In hospital, a non employee cannot take part in care of patient. A volunteer designation help in this regard to legitimize presence of the non employee. A lincense where needed, still, has to be obtained.
* Express licensing for visiting Doctors/nurses/other health care prof ( requiring lic )procedure to be established. likewise acomodation advisory to be compiled.
* Camps
* Video link for remote consultation e.g. Secondary location to primary and all locations to any doctor with established video facility. all above, when needed can consult anywhere in the world.
*Health promotion and Prevention of Disorders
*Obesity
*Exercise
*Attractive exercise e.g. Dancing , esoteric in trend program e.g. Yoga
* Discounted & Promoted Gym Memberships -supported by govt/ insurance co /employers / value of electricity generated by workouts as membership credit and even payout
*Outreach to schools for health education .[http://chuckwarnockblog.wordpress.com/2008/11/24/101-outreach-ideas-for-small-churches/ 101 Outreach Ideas for Small Churches], [http://www.communicatejesus.com/2009/05/30-ideas-for-community-outreach-part-1/ 30 ideas for community outreach (1 of 3) ]

== Self Financing Medical Colleges in Kerala ==
== Self Financing Medical Colleges in Kerala ==







Line 99: Line 168:
#[[Karuna Institute Of Medical Sciences, Chittur, Vilayodi, Palakkad]]
#[[Karuna Institute Of Medical Sciences, Chittur, Vilayodi, Palakkad]]
#All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi,
#All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi,

== Discordance: Progress with Adherence to Frugality With Unintended Consequences ==

* Disposable Dilemma: With the advent of disposables with the efficiencies of handling, which is the main benefit at its core, the urge to frugality ruleth in entrepreneurial spirit. Re-use of these, being practiced in some quarters, albeit, with controlled environment and with government oversight; entrepreneurs with less than adequate knowledge of such matters, without recognising the wrong, partake in such ventures to the peril for the society at large.
* Salvage of all plastic items from the street is a common phenomenon in most developing locales; this, being done by street scavengers who fall pray to the ultimate culprits, the recyclers of medical products. Medical institution should safeguard against such diversion, which ultimately comes back to haunt the medical establishment. who fall prey to the ultimate culprits, the recyclers of medical products. Medical institution should safeguard against such diversion, which ultimately comes back to haunt the establishment.<ref>[http://www.issuesinmedicalethics.org/173ED120.html Editorial, Hepatitis B outbreak in Gujarat: a wake-up call, Sridevi Seetharam, Indian J Med Ethics.2009]</ref>

== Reference ==
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 110: Line 187:
* [http://www.oecd.org/health/reviews Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development - Reviews of health systems]
* [http://www.oecd.org/health/reviews Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development - Reviews of health systems]
* [http://www.who.int/management/mhswork/en/ World Health Organization - 'Making Health Systems Work' series]
* [http://www.who.int/management/mhswork/en/ World Health Organization - 'Making Health Systems Work' series]
* [Medical tourism Indian Clinical Reasearch Outpaces US]

*[http://www.imperial.ac.uk/college.asp?P=8100 What Does it Mean to be a Dean?]
*[http://www.imperial.ac.uk/college.asp?P=8100 What Does it Mean to be a Dean?]
* [http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/stulife/21.html Dean at Dartmouth ]
* [http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/stulife/21.html Dean at Dartmouth ]

Latest revision as of 11:03, 13 July 2019

Frontiers of Medical progress : key words with 1st screen in search- copy in , < exclamation --- dashes> marks. See edit screen by clikcing edit this page tab above center.

Health administration Click on Health administration follow links in ext links an see also for pointers, and repeat on page after page with leads for more info'. This process will be the whole mark for study of the subject i.e. by shear diapedesis like amoeba. In between a new lead emerges or is thought of or comes from other source, this is then carried in process like above ad infinitum. Most of this page has been created with More Substance than Art!

. Likewise, in addition to Ext links, See also links, and What links here ( tab is in left side 2nd box below the search box --- first line in tool box. What links has more links and idea points than other two above.

Welcome to the Wikipedia Article Wizard! This wizard will help you through the process of submitting a new article to Wikipedia. There are 6 sections to step through, then you'll be taken to the editing page. As each section is completed, the next will become available. If you have questions at any point, you can go to the New Contributors' Help Page.

Basics of editing

It's highly recommended that you try editing a few existing articles before you create your first article. We care deeply that our articles are right, and incorrectly formatted and unreferenced articles are often deleted. Learning a bit of our house style first increases your chances of success.

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  • A Passage to ponder at:

Economic development has brought comfort and convenience to many people in the industrialized world, but in its wake are pollution, new health problems, blighted urban landscapes and social isolation. Growing numbers of the dispossessed are also being left on the sidelines as the disparity between rich and poor grows. In an effort to remedy these ills, people from disparate backgrounds in thousands of communities are joining together with government agencies under the Healthy Cities/Healthy Communities banner to improve the quality of life in their towns and cities. Alliance for Healthy Cities

  • The New Rural Co-operative Medical Care System (NRCMCS) is a new 2005 initiative to overhaul the healthcare system, particularly intended to make it more affordable for the rural poor. Nowadays the permanent urban population (except migrants) take out medical insurance. But the poor, many of them in the countryside, go into debt to pay their medical bills or go without treatment. Many in the rural areas struggle to afford with the new burden of healthcare fees, a result of the collapse of the old state-funded health system which existed before China's program of economic reforms in the 1980s.[1].The annual cost of medical cover under the NRCMCS is 50 yuan (US$7) per person. Of that, 20 yuan is paid in by the central government, 20 yuan by the provincial government and a contribution of 10 yuan is made by the patient. As of September 2007, around 80% of the whole rural population of China had signed up (about 685 million people). The system is tiered, depending on the location. If patients go to a small hospital or clinic in their local town, the scheme will cover from 70-80% of their bill. If they go to a county one, the percentage of the cost being covered falls to about 60%. And if they need specialist help in a large modern city hospital, they have to bear most of the cost themselves, the scheme would cover about 30% of the bill.[2] Healthcare reform in the People's Republic of China

Reasons for disparities in access to health care are many, but can include the following:

  • Lack of insurance coverage. Without health insurance, patients are more likely to postpone medical care, more likely to go without needed medical care, and more likely to go without prescription medicines. Minority groups in the United States lack insurance coverage at higher rates than whites.[3]
  • Lack of a regular source of care. Without access to a regular source of care, patients have greater difficulty obtaining care, fewer doctor visits, and more difficulty obtaining prescription drugs. Compared to whites, minority groups in the United States are less likely to have a doctor they go to on a regular basis and are more likely to use emergency rooms and clinics as their regular source of care.[4]
  • Lack of financial resources. Although the lack of financial resources is a barrier to health care access for many Americans, the impact on access appears to be greater for minority populations.[5]
  • Legal barriers. Access to medical care by low-income immigrant minorities can be hindered by legal barriers to public insurance programs. For example, in the United States federal law bars states from providing Medicaid coverage to immigrants who have been in the country fewer than five years.[6]
  • Structural barriers. These barriers include poor transportation, an inability to schedule appointments quickly or during convenient hours, and excessive time spent in the waiting room, all of which affect a person's ability and willingness to obtain needed care.[7]
  • The health care financing system. The Institute of Medicine in the United States says fragmentation of the U.S. health care delivery and financing system is a barrier to accessing care. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be enrolled in health insurance plans which place limits on covered services and offer a limited number of health care providers.[8]
  • Scarcity of providers. In inner cities, rural areas, and communities with high concentrations of minority populations, access to medical care can be limited due to the scarcity of primary care practitioners, specialists, and diagnostic facilities.[9]
  • Linguistic barriers. Language differences restrict access to medical care for minorities in the United States who are not English-proficient.[10]
  • Health literacy. This is where patients have problems obtaining, processing, and understanding basic health information. For example, patients with a poor understanding of good health may not know when it is necessary to seek care for certain symptoms. While problems with health literacy are not limited to minority groups, the problem can be more pronounced in these groups than in whites due to socioeconomic and educational factors.[11]
  • Lack of diversity in the health care workforce. A major reason for disparities in access to care are the cultural differences between predominantly white health care providers and minority patients. Only 4% of physicians in the United States are African American, and Hispanics represent just 5%, even though these percentages are much less than their groups' proportion of the United States population.[12]
  • Age. Age can also be a factor in health disparities for a number of reasons. As many older Americans exist on fixed incomes which may make paying for health care expenses difficult. Additionally, they may face other barriers such as impaired mobility or lack of transportation which make accessing health care services challenging for them physically. Also, they may not have the opportunity to access health information via the internet as less than 15% of Americans over the age of 65 have access to the internet.[13] This could put older individuals at a disadvantage in terms of accessing valuable information about their health and how to protect it. Health disparities


Financing

[edit]

There are generally five primary methods of funding health care systems:[14][15]

  1. direct or out-of-pocket payments,
  2. general taxation to the state, county or municipality,
  3. social health insurance,
  4. voluntary or private health insurance, and
  5. donations or community health insurance.

Most countries' systems feature a mix of all five models. One study [16] based on data from the OECD concluded that all types of healthcare finance "are compatible with" an efficient health care system. The study also found no relationship between financing and cost control. The term health insurance is generally used to describe a form of insurance that pays for medical expenses. It is sometimes used more broadly to include insurance covering disability or long-term nursing or custodial care needs. It may be provided through a government-sponsored social insurance program, or from private insurance companies. It may be purchased on a group basis (e.g., by a firm to cover its employees) or purchased by individual consumers. In each case, the covered groups or individuals pay premiums or taxes to help protect themselves from high or unexpected health care expenses. Similar benefits paying for medical expenses may also be provided through schemes organized by the government and funded through contributions from users.

By estimating the overall cost of health care expenses, a routine finance structure (such as a monthly premium or annual tax) can be developed, ensuring that money is available to pay for the health care benefits specified in the insurance agreement. The benefit is administered by a central organization, most often either a government agency or a private or not-for-profit entity operating a health plan.[17]

Many forms of commercial health insurance control their costs by restricting the benefits that are paid by through deductibles, co-payments, coinsurance, policy exclusions, and total coverage limits and will severely restrict or refuse coverage of pre-existing conditions. Many government schemes also have co-payment schemes but exclusions are rare because of political pressure. The larger insurance schemes may also negotiate fees with providers.

Many forms of government insurance schemes control their costs by using the bargaining power of government to control costs in the health care delivery system. For example by negotiating drug prices directly with pharmaceutical companies, or negotiating standard fees with the medical profession. Government schemes sometimes feature contributions related to earnings as part of a scheme to deliver universal health care, which may or may not also involve the use of commercial and non-commercial insurers. Essentially the more wealthy pay proportionately more into the scheme to cover the needs of the relatively poor who therefore contribute proportionately less. There are usually caps on the contributions of the wealthy and minimum payments that must be made by the insured (often in the form of a minimum contribution, similar to a deductible in commercial insurance models).

In health care delivery system (primary health care) there are also providers in different ways, for example Government, private, NGOs and traditional medicine.Healthcare Financing


Community Services

[edit]
    • Generally , not from links, just some thoughts
  • The Grateful Patient Program: Patient's Feedback appreciating medical care. Donation or Long term membership/ Relationship commitment, Volunterring
  • Hospital Auxilliary: Retired/ seniors or students volunteering
  • Hospital Volunteers' Services. This avenue is used for training allied professionals or visiting medical personnel. In hospital, a non employee cannot take part in care of patient. A volunteer designation help in this regard to legitimize presence of the non employee. A lincense where needed, still, has to be obtained.
  • Express licensing for visiting Doctors/nurses/other health care prof ( requiring lic )procedure to be established. likewise acomodation advisory to be compiled.
  • Camps
  • Video link for remote consultation e.g. Secondary location to primary and all locations to any doctor with established video facility. all above, when needed can consult anywhere in the world.
  • Health promotion and Prevention of Disorders
  • Obesity
  • Exercise
  • Attractive exercise e.g. Dancing , esoteric in trend program e.g. Yoga
  • Discounted & Promoted Gym Memberships -supported by govt/ insurance co /employers / value of electricity generated by workouts as membership credit and even payout
  • Outreach to schools for health education .101 Outreach Ideas for Small Churches, 30 ideas for community outreach (1 of 3)

Self Financing Medical Colleges in Kerala

[edit]
  1. Dr.Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College, Karakonam PO, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 504
  2. Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur - 680555
  3. Co-operative Medical College, HMT Colony PO, Kalamassery, Kochi, Ernakulam - 683503
  4. MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna Palachod - 682311
  5. Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Pathanamthitta - 689101
  6. KMCT Medical College, Mukkam, Kozhikode
  7. Karuna Institute Of Medical Sciences, Chittur, Vilayodi, Palakkad
  8. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi,

Discordance: Progress with Adherence to Frugality With Unintended Consequences

[edit]
  • Disposable Dilemma: With the advent of disposables with the efficiencies of handling, which is the main benefit at its core, the urge to frugality ruleth in entrepreneurial spirit. Re-use of these, being practiced in some quarters, albeit, with controlled environment and with government oversight; entrepreneurs with less than adequate knowledge of such matters, without recognising the wrong, partake in such ventures to the peril for the society at large.
  • Salvage of all plastic items from the street is a common phenomenon in most developing locales; this, being done by street scavengers who fall pray to the ultimate culprits, the recyclers of medical products. Medical institution should safeguard against such diversion, which ultimately comes back to haunt the medical establishment. who fall prey to the ultimate culprits, the recyclers of medical products. Medical institution should safeguard against such diversion, which ultimately comes back to haunt the establishment.[18]

Reference

[edit]
  1. ^ New rural medical co-operatives under scrutiny China Daily
  2. ^ The reform of the rural cooperative medical system in the People's Republic of China: interim experience in 14 pilot counties. Authors: Carrin G.1; Ron A.; Hui Y.; Hong W.; Tuohong Z.; Licheng Z.; Shuo Z.; Yide Y.; Jiaying C.; Qicheng J.; Zhaoyang Z.; Jun Y.; Xuesheng L. Source: Social Science and Medicine, Volume 48, Number 7, April 1999, pp.961-972(12) [1]
  3. ^ Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured (KCMU), "The Uninsured and Their Access to Health Care" (December 2003).
  4. ^ G. E. Fryer, S. M. Dovey, and L. A. Green, "The Importance of Having a Usual Source of Health Care," American Family Physician 62 (2000): 477.
  5. ^ Commonwealth Fund (CMWF), "Analysis of Minority Health Reveals Persistent, Widespread Disparities," press release (May 14, 1999).
  6. ^ Goldberg, J., Hayes, W., and Huntley, J. "Understanding Health Disparities." Health Policy Institute of Ohio (November 2004), page 10.
  7. ^ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), "National Healthcare Disparities Report," U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (July 2003).
  8. ^ Goldberg, J., Hayes, W., and Huntley, J. "Understanding Health Disparities." Health Policy Institute of Ohio (November 2004), page 10.
  9. ^ K. Collins, D. Hughes, M. Doty, B. Ives, J. Edwards, and K. Tenney, "Diverse Communities, Common Concerns: Assessing Health Care Quality for Minority Americans," Commonwealth Fund (March 2002).
  10. ^ National Health Law Program and the Access Project (NHeLP), Language Services Action Kit: Interpreter Services in Health Care Settings for People With Limited English Proficiency (February 2004).
  11. ^ K. Collins, D. Hughes, M. Doty, B. Ives, J. Edwards, and K. Tenney, "Diverse Communities, Common Concerns: Assessing Health Care Quality for Minority Americans," Commonwealth Fund (March 2002).
  12. ^ Goldberg, J., Hayes, W., and Huntley, J. "Understanding Health Disparities." Health Policy Institute of Ohio (November 2004), page 13.
  13. ^ Brodie M, Flournoy RE, Altman DE, et al. Health information, the Internet, and the digital divide. Health Affairs 2000; 19(6):255-65.
  14. ^ Eldis.com. "Social Health Insurance." Retrieved August 18, 2006.
  15. ^ "Regional Overview of Social Health Insurance in South-East Asia, World Health Organization. And Overview of Health Care Financing". Retrieved August 18, 2006.
  16. ^ Glied, Sherry A. "Health Care Financing, Efficiency, and Equity." National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2008. Accessed March 20th, 2008.
  17. ^ How Private Insurance Works: A Primer by Gary Claxton, Institution for Health Care Research and Policy, Georgetown University, on behalf of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
  18. ^ Editorial, Hepatitis B outbreak in Gujarat: a wake-up call, Sridevi Seetharam, Indian J Med Ethics.2009
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