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{{Short description|A storeship of First Fleet}}
The '''''Borrowdale''''' was a [[First Fleet]] storeship of 272 tons, built in [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]] in 1785. She left [[Portsmouth]] on 13 May 1787, and arrived at [[Port Jackson]], [[Sydney, Australia]] on 26 January 1788. She left Port Jackson on 14 July 1788 to return to [[England]] via [[Cape Horn]]. The crew was so badly affected by [[scurvy]] that the [[master Mariner|master]], [[Hobson Reed]], took her to [[Rio de Janeiro]], where the harbour master and his men had to bring the ship to its berth. Five of the crew died on the homeward voyage.
{{other ships|Borrowdale (ship)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image=[[File:First Fleet stores ship Borrowdale.jpg|300px|''Borrowdale'', First Fleet, from three angles]]
| Ship caption=''Borrowdale'' from three angles
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header=
| Ship country=Great Britain
| Ship flag= {{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Great Britain|civil}}
| Ship name= ''Borrowdale''
| Ship namesake=[[Borrowdale]]
| Ship ordered=
| Ship builder=
| Ship laid down=
| Ship launched= 1785, [[Sunderland]]
| Ship acquired=
| Ship in service=
| Ship out of service=
| Ship struck=
| Ship reinstated=
| Ship homeport=
| Ship motto=
| Ship nickname=
| Ship honours=
| Ship fate= Sunk, 31 October 1789
| Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header=
| Header caption=<ref name="fellowshipfirstfleeters">{{cite web |url=http://www.fellowshipfirstfleeters.org.au/datum.html |title=The Ships of the First Fleet |work=Fellowship of First Fleeters |year=2011 |accessdate=20 June 2012}}</ref>
| Ship type= Storeship
| Ship tonnage=
| Ship displacement=
| Ship tons burthen= 272, or 340<ref>''[[Lloyd's Register]]'' (''LR'') [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015065522628?urlappend=%3Bseq=51 (''LR'') (1786), seq.№523.]</ref> ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
| Ship length= {{Convert|75|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam= {{Convert|22|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship draught=
| Ship propulsion=
| Ship sail plan=[[Full-rigged ship]]
| Ship speed=
| Ship range=
| Ship complement=22
| Ship armament= 4 guns
| Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''''Borrowdale''''' was a three-masted, [[square rig]]ged merchant ship, launched in 1785, that served as a storeship of the [[First Fleet]], a convoy of 11 ships taking settlers and convicts to establish the first European colony in Australia. She was wrecked in 1789.


==Career==
''Borrowdale'' was built in [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]] in 1785. She was one of three [[Collier (ship)|colliers]] (the others were {{ship||Golden Grove|1782 ship|2}} and {{ship||Fishburn|1780 ship|2}}) owned by George and William Leighton, coal shippers of Sunderland, that the British government contracted to carry stores and provisions to Australia.{{sfnp|Sturgess|1999|p=1}} Previously, the three vessels had carried coal from [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] to London.
Here are a few facts I just happen to know about Scurvy .
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans. The chemical name for vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is derived from the Latin name of scurvy, scorbutus, which also provides the adjective scorbutic ("of, characterized by or having to do with scurvy"). Scurvy leads to the formation of spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from the mucous membranes. The spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. In advanced scurvy there are open, suppurating wounds and loss of teeth.


''Borrowdale'' was one of 11 vessels that made up the First Fleet of settlers to [[Botany Bay]], departing Britain in 1787.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/37454867 |title=Storeship ''Borrowdale'' |work=[[National Library of Australia]] |year=2012 |access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref>
Scurvy was at one time common among sailors, pirates and others aboard ships at sea longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored (subsisting instead only on cured and salted meats and dried grains) and by soldiers similarly separated from these foods for extended periods. It was described by Hippocrates (c. 460 BC–c. 380 BC), and herbal cures for scurvy have been known in many native cultures since prehistory. Scurvy was one of the limiting factors of marine travel, often killing large numbers of the passengers and crew on long-distance voyages. This became a significant issue in Europe from the beginning of the modern era in the Age of Discovery in the 15th century, continuing to play a significant role through World War I in the 20th century.


She first appeared in ''Lloyd's Register'' in 1786 with [Hobson] Reed, master, Leighton, owner, and trade London-Botany Bay.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015065522628?urlappend=%3Bseq=72 ''LR'' (1786), Seq.№523.]</ref>
Today scurvy is known to be caused by a nutritional deficiency, but until the isolation of vitamin C and its direct link to scurvy in 1932, numerous theories and treatments were proposed, often on little or no experimental data. This inconsistency is attributed to the lack of vitamin C as a distinct concept, the varying vitamin C content of different foods (notably present in fresh citrus, watercress, and organ meat), and how vitamin C can be destroyed by exposure to air and copper.


She left [[Portsmouth]] on 13 May 1787, and arrived at [[Botany Bay]], [[Sydney, Australia]], on 20 January 1788. Along with most other ships of the First Fleet, ''Borrowdale'' sailed on to Port Jackson arriving 26 January 1788, after the colonists found Botany Bay unsuitable for settlement.{{sfnp|Phillip|1789|}}
Treatment by fresh food, particularly citrus fruit, was periodically implemented, as it had been since antiquity, but the ultimate cause of scurvy was not known until 1932, and treatment was inconsistent, with many ineffective treatments used into the 20th century. It was a Scottish surgeon in the British Royal Navy, James Lind who first proved it could be treated with citrus fruit in experiments he described in his 1753 book, A Treatise of the Scurvy,[1] though his advice was not implemented by the Royal Navy for several decades.


She left Port Jackson on 14 July 1788 to return to [[England]] via [[Cape Horn]]. The crew was so badly affected by [[scurvy]] that the [[master Mariner|master]], (Readthorn) Hobson Reed, took her to [[Rio de Janeiro]], where the harbour master and his men had to bring the ship to its berth. Five of the crew died on the homeward voyage.<ref name="firstfleetfellowship">{{cite web |url= http://firstfleetfellowship.org.au/ships/hms-borrowdale/ |title=Borrowdale |work=First Fleet Fellowship Victoria Inc |year=2012 |access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref> One of the five was the captain's father, Joseph Reed, a former [[master mariner]] in the coal trade.{{sfnp|Sturgess|1999|pp=6 & 12}} ''Borrowdale'' arrived at Plymouth from Botany Bay on 25 March 1789.<ref>[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065522511;view=1up;seq=60 ''Lloyd's List'', № 2076.]</ref>
In infants, scurvy is sometimes referred to as Barlow's disease, named after Sir Thomas Barlow,[2] a British physician who described it. (N.B. Barlow's disease may also refer to mitral valve prolapse.) Other eponyms include Moeller's disease and Cheadle's disease.


==Career per ''Lloyd's Register''==
Scurvy does not occur in most animals because they can synthesize their own vitamin C, but humans, other primates, guinea pigs, and a few other species lack an enzyme necessary for such synthesis and must obtain vitamin C through their diet. Vitamin C is widespread in plant tissues, with particularly high concentrations occurring in citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits), tomatoes, potatoes, cabbages, and green peppers.
After returning to England ''Borrowdale'' served as a [[Collier (ship)|collier]].
=References==
{{Unreferenced|date=July 2008}}


Unfortunately, information is only as correct and up-to-date as the information vessel owners provided.
[[Category:Ships of the First Fleet]]
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Master
! Owner
! Trade
! Notes
|-
| 1787
| H. Reed
| Leighton
| London - Botany Bay
| 340 tons (bm)[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065522610;view=1up;seq=45]
|-
| 1788
|
|
|
| Not available on line
|-
| 1789
| H. Reed
| Leighton
| London - Botany Bay
| 340 tons (bm)[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065522511;view=1up;seq=60]
|-
|}


==Fate==
A violent storm developed off the coast of [[Norfolk]] on 30 October 1789 that damaged many vessels and sank some. On 31 October 1789 ''Borrowdale'' sank off [[Great Yarmouth]], taking Reed and all but one man of his crew with her.<ref>[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015008145776?urlappend=%3Bseq=185 ''Lloyd's List'', №2139.]</ref>


==Post-script==
{{ship-stub}}
An [[Urban Transit Authority]] [[First Fleet-class ferry|First Fleet ferry]] was named after ''Borrowdale'' in 1985.<ref>[http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/content/sydney-ferries-fleet-facts Sydney Ferries Fleet Facts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412182709/http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/content/sydney-ferries-fleet-facts |date=12 April 2015 }} Transport for NSW</ref>
''Borrowdale'' remains in operation and is run by Sydney Ferries to date (2022).


==See also==
[[simple:Borrowdale (ship)]]
*[[First Fleet]]
*[[Journals of the First Fleet]]

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite web |url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks/e00101.txt|title=The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay|year=1789|first=Arthur|last=Phillip}}
* {{cite journal |last=Sturgess |first=Gary L. |date=1999 |title=Success to the ''Borrowdale'' |journal=The Great Circle |volume=41 |number=2}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url = http://dictionaryofsydney.org/artefact/borrowdale | title = Borrowdale | accessdate = 2 October 2015 | author = Penny Edwell | date = 2015 | work=[[Dictionary of Sydney]]}} <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Creative Commons license|CC-By-SA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>

[[Category:1785 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Wear]]
[[Category:Ships of the First Fleet]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1789]]

Latest revision as of 18:25, 24 September 2022

For other ships with the same name, see Borrowdale (ship).

Borrowdale, First Fleet, from three angles
Borrowdale from three angles
History
Great Britain
NameBorrowdale
NamesakeBorrowdale
Launched1785, Sunderland
FateSunk, 31 October 1789
General characteristics [1]
TypeStoreship
Tons burthen272, or 340[2] (bm)
Length75 ft (23 m)
Beam22 ft (6.7 m)
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Complement22
Armament4 guns

Borrowdale was a three-masted, square rigged merchant ship, launched in 1785, that served as a storeship of the First Fleet, a convoy of 11 ships taking settlers and convicts to establish the first European colony in Australia. She was wrecked in 1789.

Career

[edit]

Borrowdale was built in Sunderland in 1785. She was one of three colliers (the others were Golden Grove and Fishburn) owned by George and William Leighton, coal shippers of Sunderland, that the British government contracted to carry stores and provisions to Australia.[3] Previously, the three vessels had carried coal from Newcastle to London.

Borrowdale was one of 11 vessels that made up the First Fleet of settlers to Botany Bay, departing Britain in 1787.[4]

She first appeared in Lloyd's Register in 1786 with [Hobson] Reed, master, Leighton, owner, and trade London-Botany Bay.[5]

She left Portsmouth on 13 May 1787, and arrived at Botany Bay, Sydney, Australia, on 20 January 1788. Along with most other ships of the First Fleet, Borrowdale sailed on to Port Jackson arriving 26 January 1788, after the colonists found Botany Bay unsuitable for settlement.[6]

She left Port Jackson on 14 July 1788 to return to England via Cape Horn. The crew was so badly affected by scurvy that the master, (Readthorn) Hobson Reed, took her to Rio de Janeiro, where the harbour master and his men had to bring the ship to its berth. Five of the crew died on the homeward voyage.[7] One of the five was the captain's father, Joseph Reed, a former master mariner in the coal trade.[8] Borrowdale arrived at Plymouth from Botany Bay on 25 March 1789.[9]

Career per Lloyd's Register

[edit]

After returning to England Borrowdale served as a collier.

Unfortunately, information is only as correct and up-to-date as the information vessel owners provided.

Year Master Owner Trade Notes
1787 H. Reed Leighton London - Botany Bay 340 tons (bm)[1]
1788 Not available on line
1789 H. Reed Leighton London - Botany Bay 340 tons (bm)[2]

Fate

[edit]

A violent storm developed off the coast of Norfolk on 30 October 1789 that damaged many vessels and sank some. On 31 October 1789 Borrowdale sank off Great Yarmouth, taking Reed and all but one man of his crew with her.[10]

Post-script

[edit]

An Urban Transit Authority First Fleet ferry was named after Borrowdale in 1985.[11] Borrowdale remains in operation and is run by Sydney Ferries to date (2022).

See also

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "The Ships of the First Fleet". Fellowship of First Fleeters. 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  2. ^ Lloyd's Register (LR) (LR) (1786), seq.№523.
  3. ^ Sturgess (1999), p. 1.
  4. ^ "Storeship Borrowdale". National Library of Australia. 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  5. ^ LR (1786), Seq.№523.
  6. ^ Phillip (1789).
  7. ^ "Borrowdale". First Fleet Fellowship Victoria Inc. 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  8. ^ Sturgess (1999), pp. 6 & 12.
  9. ^ Lloyd's List, № 2076.
  10. ^ Lloyd's List, №2139.
  11. ^ Sydney Ferries Fleet Facts Archived 12 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Transport for NSW

References

[edit]
[edit]
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