Peruvian diving petrel: Difference between revisions

Peruvian diving petrel
	fledgling
Conservation status
	; Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Procellariiformes
Family:	Procellariidae
Genus:	Pelecanoides
Species:	P. garnotii
Binomial name
	Pelecanoides garnotii; (Lesson, RP & Garnot, 1828)

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The Peruvian diving petrel (Pelecanoides garnotii) (local name in Peru: potoyunco) is a small seabird that feeds in offshore waters in the Humboldt Current off Peru and Chile.

Taxonomy

The Peruvian diving petrel was formally described in 1828 by the French naturalists René Lesson and Prosper Garnot under the binomial name Puffinuria garnotti. In his book Manuel d'ornithologie Lesson quotes the text of a description written by Garnot.^[2] The Peruvian diving petrel is now placed in the genus Pelecanoides was originally introduced in 1799 by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède for the common diving petrel.^[3]^[4] The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.^[4]

Description

Peruvian diving petrel is 20–24 cm (7.9–9.4 in) in overall length. Like the rest of the diving petrels it is a nondescript bird, with a dark back and pale belly, and blue feet, and can be separated from the rest of its family only by differences in its beak and nostrils.^[5]

Behaviour

Food and feeding

Unlike the common diving petrel and the South Georgia diving petrel it feeds in cold, offshore, often pelagic water, obtaining small fish larvae and planktonic crustaceans by pursuit diving. The main part of his food is made up by plankton organisms (85.3-91.1%). The remaining percentage of the Peruvian diving petrel's food is fish, mainly anchovies. Peruvian diving petrels can dive up to 83 metres (270 ft) deep but the average depth was recorded at around 30 metres (100 ft). It was long thought that the Peruvian diving petrel was rather bad in flying. However, great numbers of birds have been observed fishing regularly in the area between Asia Island and Pachacamac Island at a distance of 150-200 kilometres north of their Peruvian breeding grounds.

Conservation status

The Peruvian diving petrel has become locally extinct on many of its former colonies and now nests only on a few offshore islands. A total population of 12,216 breeding pairs was estimated for San Gallán and La Vieja Islands in Peru, with some small additional breeding colonies reported for Corcovado Island in Peru, as well as Pan de Azucar Island, Choros islands, Grande and Pajaros islands in Chile. They breed year round, laying a single egg in a burrow dug into guano.

Peruvian diving petrels are considered Near Threatened. They formerly numbered in the millions, but the pressures of guano extraction (which destroyed nests, eggs and chicks), and being directly taken for food by guano workers and introduced species (particularly foxes and feral cats), have caused the number to crash. Although all of the Peruvian breeding sites are located in protected areas (Paracas National Reserve and Guano Islands National Reserve) some guano extraction still continues and the reserves are ineffectively policed.

References

^ BirdLife International (2020). "Pelecanoides garnotii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22698280A179971538. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22698280A179971538.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
^ Lesson, René P. (1828). Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Roret. pp. 394–395.
^ Lacépède, Bernard Germain de (1799). "Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-division, ordres et genres des oiseux". Discours d'ouverture et de clôture du cours d'histoire naturelle (in French). Paris: Plassan. p. 13. Page numbering starts at one for each of the three sections.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Petrels, albatrosses". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
^ Carboneras, C. (1992). "Family Pelecanoididae (Diving-petrels)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 272–278 [278]. ISBN 84-87334-10-5.

Fernández, C.E.; Portflitt-Toro, M.; Miranda-Urbina, D.; Plaza, P.; Luna, N.; Luna-Jorquera, G. (2020). "Breeding abundance and population trend of the Peruvian diving-petrel Pelecanoides garnotii in Chile: Recovery of an endangered seabird?". Bird Conservation International. 30 (3): 423–433. doi:10.1017/S095927091900039X.
Jahncke, Jaime; Goya, Elisa (1998). "The status of the Peruvian diving-petrel population at its main breeding areas along the coast of Peru". Colonial Waterbirds. 21 (1): 94–97. doi:10.2307/1521739. JSTOR 1521739.
Jahncke, J.; García-Godos, A.; Goya, E. (1999). "The diet of the Peruvian diving-petrel at la Vieja and San Gallan, Perú (La Dieta de Pelecanoides garnotii a la Vieja y San Gallan, Perú)" (PDF). Journal of Field Ornithology. 70 (1): 71–79. JSTOR 4514384.
Romero, M. B. Valverde (2006). "First record of the endangered Peruvian diving petrel Pelecanoides garnotii breeding on Corcovado Island, Peru" (PDF). Marine Ornithology. 34: 75–76.

External links

Species factsheet - Mundo Azul
Species factsheet - BirdLife International

[iucn_status_20_November_2021-1] BirdLife International (2020). "Pelecanoides garnotii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22698280A179971538. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22698280A179971538.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.

[2] Lesson, René P. (1828). Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Roret. pp. 394–395.

[3] Lacépède, Bernard Germain de (1799). "Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-division, ordres et genres des oiseux". Discours d'ouverture et de clôture du cours d'histoire naturelle (in French). Paris: Plassan. p. 13. Page numbering starts at one for each of the three sections.

[ioc-4] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Petrels, albatrosses". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 February 2022.

[hbw-5] Carboneras, C. (1992). "Family Pelecanoididae (Diving-petrels)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 272–278 [278]. ISBN 84-87334-10-5.

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[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of bird}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{speciesbox
-| name = Peruvian Diving-petrel
-| status = EN | status_system = IUCN3.1
+| status = NT
+| status_system = IUCN3.1
+| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2020 |title=''Pelecanoides garnotii'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T22698280A179971538 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22698280A179971538.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
-| trend = down
-| image = Peruvian Diving Petrel Fledge.jpg
+| image = Pelecanoides-garnotii By Roar Johansen.jpg
+| image_caption = fledgling
-| image_width = 250px
+| genus = Pelecanoides
-| image_caption = Peruvian Diving-petrel fledgling
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| species = garnotii
+| authority = ([[Rene Primevere Lesson|Lesson, RP]] & [[Prosper Garnot|Garnot]], 1828)
-| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
+| range_map = Pelecanoides garnotii map.svg
-| classis = [[Aves]]
-| ordo = [[Procellariiformes]]
-| familia = [[Pelecanoididae]]
-| genus = ''[[Pelecanoides]]''
-| species = '''''P. garnotii'''''
-| binomial = ''Pelecanoides garnotii''
-| binomial_authority = ([[Rene Primevere Lesson|Lesson]], 1828)
 }}
+The '''Peruvian diving petrel''' ('''''Pelecanoides garnotii''''') (local name in Peru: potoyunco) is a small [[seabird]] that feeds in offshore waters in the [[Humboldt Current]] off [[Peru]] and [[Chile]].
-The '''Peruvian Diving-petrel''', ''Pelecanoides garnotii'' (local name in Peru = Potoyunco), is a small(7-12 inch)[[seabird]] that feeds in offshore waters in the [[Humboldt Current]] off [[Peru]] and [[Chile]]. Like the rest of the [[diving petrel]]s it is a nondescript bird, with a dark back and pale belly, and blue feet, and can be separated from the rest of its family only by differences in its beak and nostrils. Unlike the [[Common Diving-petrel]] and the [[South Georgia Diving-petrel]] it feeds in cold, offshore, often [[pelagic]] water, obtaining small [[fish]],squid,crabs, and [[plankton|planktonic]] [[crustacean]]s by pursuit [[dive|diving]]. The main part of its food is made up by plankton organisms (85.3 - 91.1%). The remaining percentage of the Peruvian diving petrels food is fish (mainly anchovies)small amphibians and baby sea turtles. Peruvian diving petrels can dive up to 83 meters deep but the average depth was recorded at around 30 meters. It was long thought, that the Peruvian diving petrel is rather bad in flying. However, great numbers of birds have been observed fishing regularly in the area between Asia Island and Pachacamac Island at a distance of 150-200 kilometers north of their Peruvian breeding grounds.
+==Taxonomy==
-The Peruvian diving petrel has become locally extinct on many of its former colonies and nests nowadays only on a few offshore islands. A total population of 12 216 breeding pairs was estimated for San Gallán and La Vieja Islands in Peru, with some small additional breeding colonies reported for Corcovado Island in Peru, as well as Pan de Azucar Island, Choros islands, Grande and Pajaros islands in Chile. They breed year round, laying a single egg in a burrow dug into [[guano]].
+The Peruvian diving petrel was [[species description|formally described]] in 1828 by the French naturalists [[René Lesson]] and [[Prosper Garnot]] under the [[binomial name]] ''Puffinuria garnotti''. In his book ''Manuel d'ornithologie'' Lesson quotes the text of a description written by Garnot.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Lesson | first=René P. | date=1828 | author-link=René Lesson | title=Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux | volume=2 | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=Roret | pages=394–395 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53285907 }}</ref> The Peruvian diving petrel is now placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Pelecanoides]]'' was originally introduced in 1799 by the French naturalist [[Bernard Germain de Lacépède]] for the [[common diving petrel]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Lacépède | first=Bernard Germain de | author-link=Bernard Germain de Lacépède | year=1799 | title=Discours d'ouverture et de clôture du cours d'histoire naturelle | chapter=Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-division, ordres et genres des oiseux | language=French | publisher=Plassan | location=Paris | page=13 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA13 }} Page numbering starts at one for each of the three sections.<!--BHL appears not to have a scan--></ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2022 | title=Petrels, albatrosses | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/petrels/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=9 February 2022 }}</ref> The species is [[monotypic]]: no [[subspecies]] are recognised.<ref name=ioc/>
+==Description==
-Peruvian Diving-petrels are considered highly [[endangered species|endangered]]. They formerly numbered in the millions, but the pressures of guano extraction (which destroyed nests, eggs and chicks), being directly taken for food by guano workers and [[introduced species]] (particularly [[fox]]es and [[feral cat]]s) have caused the number to crash. Although all of the Peruvian breeding sites are located in protected areas (National Reserve of Paracas and National Reserve Guano islands) some guano extraction still continues and the reserves are ineffectively policed.
+Peruvian diving petrel is {{cvt|20|-|24|cm}} in overall length. Like the rest of the [[diving petrel]]s it is a nondescript bird, with a dark back and pale belly, and blue feet, and can be separated from the rest of its family only by differences in its beak and nostrils.<ref name=hbw>{{ cite book | last=Carboneras | first=C. | year=1992 | chapter=Family Pelecanoididae (Diving-petrels) | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | title=Handbook of the Birds of the World | volume=1: Ostrich to Ducks | location=Barcelona, Spain | publisher=Lynx Edicions | isbn=84-87334-10-5 | pages=272–278 [278] | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse/page/278/mode/1up | chapter-url-access=registration }}</ref>
+==Behaviour==
-The binomial of this species commemorates the French naturalist [[Prosper Garnot]].
+===Food and feeding===
+Unlike the [[common diving petrel]] and the [[South Georgia diving petrel]] it feeds in cold, offshore, often [[pelagic]] water, obtaining small [[fish]] larvae and [[plankton]]ic [[crustacean]]s by pursuit [[Underwater diving|diving]]. The main part of his food is made up by plankton organisms (85.3-91.1%). The remaining percentage of the Peruvian diving petrel's food is fish, mainly anchovies. Peruvian diving petrels can dive up to {{convert|83|m|ft|-1}} deep but the average depth was recorded at around {{convert|30|m|ft|-1}}. It was long thought that the Peruvian diving petrel was rather bad in flying. However, great numbers of birds have been observed fishing regularly in the area between Asia Island and Pachacamac Island at a distance of 150-200 kilometres north of their Peruvian breeding grounds.
+==Conservation status==
-==References==
+The Peruvian diving petrel has become locally extinct on many of its former colonies and now nests only on a few offshore islands. A total population of 12,216 breeding pairs was estimated for San Gallán and La Vieja Islands in Peru, with some small additional breeding colonies reported for Corcovado Island in Peru, as well as Pan de Azucar Island, Choros islands, Grande and Pajaros islands in Chile. They breed year round, laying a single egg in a burrow dug into [[guano]].
-* {{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2005|id=16485|title=Pelecanoides garnotii|downloaded=11 May 2006}} Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is endangered and the criteria used
-*del Hoyo, Josep, Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (1992). [[Handbook of Birds of the World]] Vol 1. Barcelona: [[Lynx Edicions]], ISBN 84-87334-10-5
-*Jahnke, J. + Goya, E.; 1998: "The status of the Peruvian diving petrel population at its main breeding areas along the coast of Peru"; Colonial Waterbirds; 21 (1) 94-97
-*Jahnke, J. et. al.: "The diet of the Peruvian diving petrel at La Vieja and San Gallan, Peru"; J. Field Ornithol: 70 (1) 71-97
-*Mundo Azul Species Factsheet: The Peruvian diving petrel
-*Valverde Romero, M.; 2006: "First record of the endangered Peruvian diving petrel Pelecanus garnotii breeding on Corcovado Island, Peru"; Marine Ornithology 34: 75–76
+Peruvian diving petrels are considered [[Near Threatened]]. They formerly numbered in the millions, but the pressures of guano extraction (which destroyed nests, eggs and chicks), and being directly taken for food by guano workers and [[introduced species]] (particularly [[fox]]es and [[feral cat]]s), have caused the number to crash. Although all of the Peruvian breeding sites are located in protected areas ([[Paracas National Reserve]] and Guano Islands National Reserve) some guano extraction still continues and the reserves are ineffectively policed.
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
+* {{Cite journal | last1=Fernández | first1=C.E. | last2=Portflitt-Toro | first2=M. | last3=Miranda-Urbina | first3=D. | last4=Plaza | first4=P. | last5=Luna | first5=N. | last6=Luna-Jorquera | first6=G. | date=2020 | title=Breeding abundance and population trend of the Peruvian diving-petrel ''Pelecanoides garnotii'' in Chile: Recovery of an endangered seabird? | journal=Bird Conservation International | volume=30 | issue=3 | pages=423–433 | doi=10.1017/S095927091900039X | doi-access= | ref=none }}
+*{{Cite journal | last1=Jahncke | first1=Jaime | last2=Goya | first2=Elisa | date=1998 | title=The status of the Peruvian diving-petrel population at its main breeding areas along the coast of Peru | journal=Colonial Waterbirds | jstor=1521739 | volume=21 | issue=1 | pages=94–97 | doi=10.2307/1521739 | ref=none}}
+*{{Cite journal | last1=Jahncke | first1=J. | last2=García-Godos | first2=A. | last3=Goya | first3=E. | date=1999 | title=The diet of the Peruvian diving-petrel at la Vieja and San Gallan, Perú (La Dieta de Pelecanoides garnotii a la Vieja y San Gallan, Perú) | journal=Journal of Field Ornithology | jstor=4514384 | volume=70 | issue=1 | pages=71–79 | url=https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/jfo/v070n01/p0071-p0079.pdf | ref=none }}
+*{{Cite journal | last=Romero | first=M. B. Valverde | date=2006 | title=First record of the endangered Peruvian diving petrel ''Pelecanoides garnotii'' breeding on Corcovado Island, Peru | journal=Marine Ornithology | volume=34 | pages=75–76 | url=http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/34_1/34_1_75-76.pdf | ref=none}}
 ==External links==
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190117125835/http://mundoazul.org/habitats-species/marine-birds/peruvian-diving-petrel/ Species factsheet] - Mundo Azul
-*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3948&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet.]
-*[http://mundoazul.org/habitats-species/marine-birds/peruvian-diving-petrel/ Mundo Azul Species Factsheet]
+*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3948&m=0 Species factsheet] - BirdLife International
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q1088841}}
-[[Category:Pelecanoididae]]
+[[Category:Pelecanoides|Peruvian diving petrel]]
-[[hu:Perui bukóhojsza]]
+[[Category:Birds of Peru]]
-[[fi:Perunmyrskysukeltaja]]
+[[Category:Birds of Chile]]
+[[Category:Birds described in 1828|Peruvian diving petrel]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by René Lesson]]