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{{Short description|Organ system of the genitals and the urinary tract}}
{{Refimprove|date=April 2008}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2008}}
{{Infobox Anatomy |
{{Infobox anatomy
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
| Name = Genitourinary system
Latin = apparatus urogenitalis; systema urogenitale |
| Latin = apparatus urogenitalis, systema urogenitale
GraySubject = |
| Image = File:Female and male Organs.png
GrayPage = |
⚫
| Caption = Some components of the female and male genitourinary system
Image = Drill.jpg |
| Image2 =
⚫
Caption = Greg Simmons assembling the male genitourinary system |
Image2 = |
| Caption2 =
| Precursor =
Caption2 = |
Precursor = |
| System =
System = |
| Artery =
Artery = |
| Vein =
Vein = |
| Nerve =
Nerve = |
| Lymph =
Lymph = |
MeshName = |
MeshNumber = |
}}
}}
In [[anatomy]], the '''genitourinary system''' or '''cunt system''' is the [[organ system]] of the [[reproductive organ]]s and the [[urinary system]].<ref>{{DorlandsDict|eight/000105290|genitourinary system}}</ref> These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common [[embryology|embryological]] origin and the use of common pathways, like the [[male urethra]]. Also, because of their proximity, the systems are sometimes imaged together.<ref name="urlUC Davis Department of Radiology - Genitourinary Radiology">{{cite web |url=http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/radiology/specialties/genitourinary.html |title=UC Davis Department of Radiology - Genitourinary Radiology |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-16}}</ref>
The '''genitourinary system''', or '''urogenital system''', are the [[sex organs]] of the [[reproductive system]] and the [[organ (biology)|organs]] of the [[urinary system]].<ref>{{DorlandsDict|eight/000105290|genitourinary system}}</ref> These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, [[Development of the urinary and reproductive organs|their common embryological origin]] and the use of common pathways. Because of this, the systems are sometimes imaged together.<ref name="urlUC Davis Department of Radiology - Genitourinary Radiology">{{cite web |url=http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/radiology/specialties/genitourinary.html |title=UC Davis Department of Radiology - Genitourinary Radiology |access-date=2010-03-16}}</ref> In [[Placentalia|placental mammals]] (including humans), the male [[urethra]] goes through and opens into the [[penis]] while the female urethra and [[vagina]] empty through the [[vulva]].<ref name="Wake1992">{{cite book|author=Marvalee H. Wake|title=Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VKlWjdOkiMwC&pg=PA583|access-date=6 May 2013|date=15 September 1992|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-87013-7|page=583}}</ref>


The term "apparatus urogenitalis" is used in [[Nomina Anatomica]] (under [[Splanchnologia]]), but not in [[Terminologia Anatomica]].
The term "apparatus urogenitalis" was used in ''[[Nomina Anatomica]]'' (under [[splanchnologia]]) but is not used in the current ''[[Terminologia Anatomica]]''.


==Development==
==Development==
{{Main|Development of the urinary and reproductive organs}}
{{Main|Development of the urinary system |Development of the reproductive system}}
The urinary and reproductive organs are developed from the [[intermediate mesoderm]]. The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures that are purely embryonic, and that, with the exception of the ducts, disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life. These embryonic structures are on either side: the [[pronephros]], the [[mesonephros]] and the [[metanephros]] of the [[kidney]], and the [[Wolffian duct|Wolffian]] and [[Müllerian duct]]s of the [[sex organ]]. The pronephros disappears very early; the structural elements of the mesonephros mostly degenerate, but the [[gonad]] is developed in their place, with which the Wolffian duct remains as the duct in males, and the Müllerian as that of the female. Some of the tubules of the mesonephros form part of the permanent kidney.
The urinary and reproductive organs are developed from the [[intermediate mesoderm]]. The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures that are purely embryonic and that, with the exception of the ducts, disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life. These embryonic structures are on either side: the [[pronephros]], the [[mesonephros]] and the [[metanephros]] of the [[kidney]], and the [[Wolffian duct|Wolffian]] and [[Müllerian duct]]s of the [[sex organ]]. The pronephros disappears very early; the structural elements of the mesonephros mostly degenerate, but the [[gonad]] is developed in their place, with which the Wolffian duct remains as the duct in males, and the Müllerian as that of the female. Some of the tubules of the mesonephros form part of the permanent kidney.


==Pathology==
== Structures ==

⚫
Pathology of the urinary system includes a range of disorders from those that are asymptomatic to those that manifest an array of signs and symptoms. Causes for these disorders include congenital anomalies, infectious diseases, trauma, or conditions that secondarily involve the urinary structure.
=== Urethra ===

==== Female Urethra ====
The urethra of an adult human female is 3-4 cm long.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Abelson |first=Benjamin |date=22 October 2018 |title=Sex differences in lower urinary tract biology and physiology |journal=Biology of Sex Differences |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=45 |doi=10.1186/s13293-018-0204-8 |doi-access=free |pmid=30343668 |pmc=6196569 }}</ref>The female urethra is located between the bladder neck to the external urethral orifice and is behind the symphysis pubis.<ref name=":0" />The urethral wall is composed of an inner epithelial lining, a sub-mucosa layer containing vascular supply, a thin fascial layer, and two layers of smooth muscle.<ref name=":0" />

==== Male Urethra ====
The urethra of an adult human male is 18-20 cm long. <ref name=":0" />It has a diameter of 8-9 mm.<ref name=":0" />The male urethra is divided into two sections.

==Disorders==
{{Further|Female genital disease|Male genital disease|Urologic disease}}
[[File:Genitourinary diseases world map-Deaths per million persons-WHO2012.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Deaths due to genitourinary diseases per million persons in 2012 {{Div col|small=yes|colwidth=10em}}{{legend|#ffff20|22-87}}{{legend|#ffe820|88-106}}{{legend|#ffd820|107-123}}{{legend|#ffc020|124-137}}{{legend|#ffa020|138-148}}{{legend|#ff9a20|149-164}}{{legend|#f08015|165-177}}{{legend|#e06815|178-214}}{{legend|#d85010|215-255}}{{legend|#d02010|256-382}}{{div col end}}]]
⚫
Disorders of the genitourinary system includes a range of disorders from those that are asymptomatic to those that manifest an array of signs and symptoms. Causes for these disorders include congenital anomalies, infectious diseases, [[Genitourinary tract injury|trauma]], or conditions that secondarily involve the urinary structure.


To gain access to the body, [[pathogen]]s can penetrate mucous membranes lining the genitourinary tract.
To gain access to the body, [[pathogen]]s can penetrate mucous membranes lining the genitourinary tract.


==See also==
=== Malformations ===
Urogenital malformations include:
*[[Reproductive organ]]s
*[[Urinary system]]
*[[Hypospadias]]
*[[Urogenital triangle]]
*[[Epispadias]]
*[[Labial fusion]]
*[[Varicocele]]

As a medical specialty, '''genitourinary pathology''' is the subspecialty of [[surgical pathology]] which deals with the [[diagnosis]] and characterization of [[neoplasia|neoplastic]] and non-neoplastic [[disease]]s of the [[urinary tract]], male genital tract and testes. However, medical disorders of the kidneys are generally within the expertise of [[renal pathology|renal pathologists]]. Genitourinary [[pathology|pathologists]] generally work closely with [[urology|urologic surgeons]].


==References==
==References==
Line 40: Line 53:


==External links==
==External links==
* Male urogenital development 3D animation: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UMli4xpm8c]
* {{YouTube|-UMli4xpm8c|Male urogenital development 3D animation}}
* Female urogenital development 3D animation: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIdQjHHXF4I]
* {{YouTube|BIdQjHHXF4I|Female urogenital development 3D animation}}


{{genitourinary-stub}}
{{Organ systems}}
{{Organ systems}}
{{Dosage forms}}
{{Dosage forms}}
{{Routes of administration}}


{{Authority control}}
⚫
[[Category:Genitourinary system| ]]
[[Category:Routes of administration]]


⚫
[[Category:Genitourinary system| ]]
[[bg:Пикочно-полова система]]
[[ca:Sistema genitourinari]]
[[de:Harn- und Geschlechtsapparat]]
[[es:Sistema genitourinario]]
[[eo:Urina kaj reprodukta sistemo]]
[[nl:Urogenitaal stelsel]]
[[pl:Układ moczowo-płciowy]]
[[ru:Мочеполовая система]]
[[sk:Močopohlavná sústava]]
[[sr:Урогенитални систем]]
[[sv:Urogenitala systemet]]
[[uk:Сечостатева система]]

Latest revision as of 22:22, 30 December 2024

Genitourinary system
Some components of the female and male genitourinary system
Details
Identifiers
Latinapparatus urogenitalis, systema urogenitale
MeSHD014566
Anatomical terminology

The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the sex organs of the reproductive system and the organs of the urinary system.[1] These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways. Because of this, the systems are sometimes imaged together.[2] In placental mammals (including humans), the male urethra goes through and opens into the penis while the female urethra and vagina empty through the vulva.[3]

The term "apparatus urogenitalis" was used in Nomina Anatomica (under splanchnologia) but is not used in the current Terminologia Anatomica.

Development

[edit]
Main articles: Development of the urinary system and Development of the reproductive system

The urinary and reproductive organs are developed from the intermediate mesoderm. The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures that are purely embryonic and that, with the exception of the ducts, disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life. These embryonic structures are on either side: the pronephros, the mesonephros and the metanephros of the kidney, and the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts of the sex organ. The pronephros disappears very early; the structural elements of the mesonephros mostly degenerate, but the gonad is developed in their place, with which the Wolffian duct remains as the duct in males, and the Müllerian as that of the female. Some of the tubules of the mesonephros form part of the permanent kidney.

Structures

[edit]

Urethra

[edit]

Female Urethra

[edit]

The urethra of an adult human female is 3-4 cm long.[4]The female urethra is located between the bladder neck to the external urethral orifice and is behind the symphysis pubis.[4]The urethral wall is composed of an inner epithelial lining, a sub-mucosa layer containing vascular supply, a thin fascial layer, and two layers of smooth muscle.[4]

Male Urethra

[edit]

The urethra of an adult human male is 18-20 cm long. [4]It has a diameter of 8-9 mm.[4]The male urethra is divided into two sections.

Disorders

[edit]
Further information: Female genital disease, Male genital disease, and Urologic disease
Deaths due to genitourinary diseases per million persons in 2012
  22-87
  88-106
  107-123
  124-137
  138-148
  149-164
  165-177
  178-214
  215-255
  256-382

Disorders of the genitourinary system includes a range of disorders from those that are asymptomatic to those that manifest an array of signs and symptoms. Causes for these disorders include congenital anomalies, infectious diseases, trauma, or conditions that secondarily involve the urinary structure.

To gain access to the body, pathogens can penetrate mucous membranes lining the genitourinary tract.

Malformations

[edit]

Urogenital malformations include:

As a medical specialty, genitourinary pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the urinary tract, male genital tract and testes. However, medical disorders of the kidneys are generally within the expertise of renal pathologists. Genitourinary pathologists generally work closely with urologic surgeons.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "genitourinary system" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  2. ^ "UC Davis Department of Radiology - Genitourinary Radiology". Retrieved 2010-03-16.
  3. ^ Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0-226-87013-7. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e Abelson, Benjamin (22 October 2018). "Sex differences in lower urinary tract biology and physiology". Biology of Sex Differences. 9 (1): 45. doi:10.1186/s13293-018-0204-8. PMC 6196569. PMID 30343668.
[edit]
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