Pop Goes the Weasel: Difference between revisions

"Pop! Goes the Weasel"
"Pop! Goes the Weasel"
	Piano arrangement, 1853
Instrumental
Genre	Jig
Songwriter(s)	Traditional

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"Pop! Goes the Weasel" (Roud 5249) is a traditional English and American song, a country dance, nursery rhyme, and singing game that emerged in the mid-19th century.^[1]^[2]^[3] It is commonly used in jack-in-the-box toys and for ice cream trucks.^[2]^[4]

Origin

In the early 1850s, Miller and Beacham of Baltimore published sheet music for "Pop goes the Weasel for Fun and Frolic".^[5]^[6] This is the oldest known source that pairs the name to this tune. Miller and Beacham's music was a variation of "The Haymakers", a tune dating back to the 1700s.^[5] Gow's Repository of the Dance Music of Scotland (1799 to 1820), included "The Haymakers" as a country dance or jig. One modern expert believes the tune, like most jigs, originated in the 1600s.^[5]

In June 1852, the boat Pop Goes The Weasel competed in the Durham Regatta.^[7] By December 1852, "Pop Goes The Weasel" was a popular social dance in England.^[8] A ball held in Ipswich on 13 December 1852 ended with "a country dance, entitled 'Pop Goes the Weasel', one of the most mirth inspiring dances which can well be imagined."^[8]

On 24 December 1852, an ad in the Birmingham Journal offered lessons in the "Pop Goes The Weasel" dance, described as a "highly fashionable Dance, recently introduced at her Majesty's and the Nobility's private soirees".^[9] On 28 December 1852, an advertisement in The Times promoted a publication that included "the new dance recently introduced with such distinguished success at the Court balls" and contained "the original music and a full explanation of the figures by Mons. E. Coulon".^[10] Eugene Coulton was a dance-master of international renown.^[3] In January 1853, the Bath Chronicle featured an advertisement from dance master, Mr. T. B. Moutrie, for "instruction in the highly fashionable dances" including "Pop Goes the Weasel".^[11]

Sheet music dated 1853 at the British Library describes it as "An Old English Dance, as performed at Her Majesty's & The Nobilities Balls, with the Original Music".^[12] Also In 1853, American sheet music referred to it as "an old English Dance lately revived".^[5]

Originally, the dance was an instrumental jig except for the refrain "pop goes the weasel" which was sung or shouted as one pair of dancers moved under the arms of the other dancers.^[1]^[5] The British Library's 1853 tune is very similar to that used today but the only lyrics are "pop goes the weasel".^[12] The Library of Congress has similar sheet music with an arrangement by James W. Porter in 1853.^[13] Like its British counterpart, its only lyrics are "pop goes the weasel". Porter's version also describes the dance as taught at Mr. Sheldon's Academy in Philadelphia:

FIGURES: Form in Two Lines – Top Couple Ballaneez, Four Bars – then Gallop down inside and back, Four Bars – take the next Lady, Hands Round Four Bars – then Two Bars back and (while all Sing Pop goes the Weasel) pass her under your arms to her Place – Repeat with the lady's Partner then Gallop down the inside and back, Four Bars – and down outside to the other end of the line, Four Bars, which finishes the Figure – The next couple follows, &c. &c.^[13]

By 1854, Louis S. D. Rees "changed completely" the arrangement with "easy & brilliant variations".^[3] A modern music historian notes, "This bravura version introduces the theme as a jig, as in the original, but the variations are in 2/4 and 4/4, much better for showing off fast fingerwork. No dancing to this one!"^[3]

The popular dance was performed on stage and in stage and dance halls.^[14]^[15]^[6] By late 1854, lyrics were added to the well-known tune, with the first singing performance possibly at the Grecian Theatre.^[16]^[17] In 1855, The National Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor in England and Wales wrote that the song, commonly played by hand–organs on the streets, had "senseless words".^[18] In their monthly newsletter, the society referred to the song as "street music" on the level of "negro tunes", saying it was "contagious and pestilent".^[18] In another newsletter, the society wrote, "Worst of all.. almost every species of ribaldry and low wit has been rendered into rhyme to suit it."^[19]

In 1856, a letter to The Morning Post read, "For many months, everybody has been bored to death with the eternal grinding of this ditty on street."^[20] Since at least the late 19th century, the nursery rhyme was used with a British children's game similar to musical chairs.^[12] The players sing the first verse while dancing around rings.^[12] There is always one ring less than the number of players.^[12] When the "pop goes the weasel" line is reached, the players rush to secure a ring.^[12] The player that fails to secure a ring is eliminated as a "weasel".^[12] There are succeeding rounds until the winner secures the last ring.^[12]

In America, the tune became a standard in minstrel shows, featuring additional verses that frequently covered politics.^[3] Charley Twigg published his minstrel show arrangement in 1855 with the refrain "Pop goes de weasel.".^[3]^[21]

Eugène Coulon

On 24 December 1852, the newspaper, the Gloucester Journal reported "A new dance has been introduced by a Frenchman—it is called "Pop goes the Weasel", and from the title should be a comical affair". That Frenchman was probably either Eugené Coulon or Louis-Antoine Jullien, as four days later in The Times, London, music publishers Jullien & Co. advertised "Pop goes the Weasel: the new dance recently introduced ...is now published with the original music and a full explanation of the figures, by Mons. E. Coulon."^[22] In a later advertisement George Thompson is named as the arranger of the music.^[23]

Adding support to Coulon's role is an advertisement from a dance teacher, Madame Catarina St. Louin, offering lessons in the "latest and most fashionable dances, including "Pop goes the Weasel","La Tempéte", and "Coulon's Quadrille", by permission of M. Eugène Coulon, as lately introduced by him at Her Majesty's and the Nobility's Balls".^[24]

The Jullien & Co. publication with the original music arranged by George Thompson is the oldest known music for the dance. In it Coulon described Pop goes the Weasel "as a very old and a very animated English dance that has lately been revived among the higher classes of society", and as his instructions were soon copied by other music publishers, with and without attribution, he appears to have been the authority for the dance.

Lyrics

British version

The lyrics may have predated the dance as either a rhyme or the lyrics of another song dating to the 1600s.^[1]^[3] Regardless, there are many different versions of the lyrics.^[5] In England, most versions share the basic verse:

$\relative c'{ \time 6/8 c4 c8 d4 d8 e8 g8 e8 c4. c4 c8 d4 d8 e4. c8 r8 r8 c4 c8 d4 d8 e8 (g8) e8 c4. a'8 r8 r8 d,4 f8 e4. c8 r8 r8 } \addlyrics { Half4 a8 pound4 of8 | tup- pen- ny. rice,4. Half4 a8 pound4 of8 trea-4. cle.8 That's4 the8 way4 the8 mo-8 ney8 goes,4. Pop!4 Goes4 the8 wea- sel.4. }$

Half a pound of tuppenny rice,
Half a pound of treacle.
That's the way the money goes,
Pop! Goes the weasel.^[12]

The most common additional verses are:^[5]^[1]

Up and down the City Road,
In and out the Eagle,
That's the way the money goes,
Pop! Goes the weasel.

Every night when I go out,
The monkey's on the table,
Take a stick and knock it off,
Pop! Goes the weasel.

A penny for a spool of thread
A penny for a needle,
That's the way the money goes,
Pop! Goes the weasel.

All around the cobbler's bench
The monkey chased the weasel;
The monkey thought 'twas all in fun,
Pop! Goes the weasel.

American variations

When the song crossed the Atlantic in the 1850s, the British lyrics were still changing.^[1] In the United States, the most common lyrics are different and may have a separate origin.^[1] The following lyrics were printed in Boston in 1858:

All around the cobbler's house,
The monkey chased the people.
And after them in double haste,
Pop! goes the weasel.^[25]

The March 1860 issue of the Southern Literary Messenger published a new verse:

Queen Victoria's very sick,
Prince Albert's got the measles.
The children have the whooping cough,
And pop! Goes the weasel.^[5]

In New York in 1901, the opening lines were, "All around the chicken coop / The possum chased the weasel."^[25] By the mid-20th century, the standard United States version had replaced the "cobbler's bench" with a "mulberry bush":

All around the mulberry bush
The monkey chased the weasel;
The monkey thought it was all in fun...
Pop! goes the weasel.

Or the standard United States version had this line.

All around the cobbler's bench
The monkey chased the weasel;
The monkey thought it was all in fun...
Pop! goes the weasel.^[2]

In 1994, the American Folklife Center documented a version of the song with sixteen verses.^[3]

Meaning and interpretations

Title

There has been much speculation about the meaning of the phrase and song title, "Pop Goes the Weasel".^[1]^[6] Some say a weasel is a tailor's flat iron, silver-plate dishes, a dead animal, a hatter's tool, or a spinner's weasel.^[1]^[26]^[17] One writer notes, "Weasels do pop their heads up when disturbed and it is quite plausible that this was the source of the name of the dance."^[1]

Just like the dancers to this jig, the spinner's weasel revolves, but to measure the thread or yarn produced on a spinning wheel.^[6] Forty revolutions of most weasels produce eighty yards (73 m) of yarn or a skein.^[27] The weasel's wooden gears are designed to make a popping sound after the 40th revolution to tell the spinner that the skein is completed.^[26]^[28]^[29]^[6]

Iona and Peter Opie observed that no one seemed to know what the phrase meant at the height of the dance craze in the 1850s.^[12] It may just be a nonsensical phrase.^[1] However, one further explanation links the lyrics of the popular nursery rhyme to the East London colloquial dialect of the 1800’s, known as “Cockney Rhyming Slang”.^[30] In this dialect “weasel” relates to “weasel and stoat”, or coat, and “pop” relates the “pop shop” or pawnbrokers shop. The rhyme describes someone running short of money purchasing rice and treacle (metaphor for life’s essentials); “that’s the way the money goes”. Subsequently, this forces them to sell (pop) their coat (weasel) to the pawnbroker (pop shop). Whilst speculative, this explanation does create a credible scenario that contextualises the peculiar phrase within a coherent narrative. Further, this would also relate the rhyme to day to day hardships of industrial Britain in a way that could be highly relatable and light hearted; running short of money and having to sell one’s coat.

First verse

The first verse refers to "tuppenny rice" and "treacle" which are food.^[6] At the time, one pound of rice pudding cost twopence (pronounced tuppence). Treacle is a delicious gooey syrup used as a topper to sweeten the rice pudding.^[31] A modern writer notes, it was "the cheapest and nastiest food" available to London's poor.^[6]

Some lyrics in the British version may originate with Cockney slang and rhyming slang.^[31]^[5]^[1] In the mid-19th century, "pop" was a well-known slang term for pawning something—and City Road had a well-known pawn establishment in the 1850s.^[5]^[1] In this Cockney interpretation, "weasel" is Cockney rhyming slang for "weasel and stoat" meaning "coat".^[31]^[5] Thus, to "pop the weasel" meant to pawn your coat.^[31] However, one author notes that the Cockney rhyming slang "weasel and stoat" was not used until the 1930s.^[1] Another early source says weasel was slang for silver-plate cups and dishes or anything of value that was pawnable.^[17]

In 1905, The London Globe and The New York Times published a story saying that a "weasel" was a coin purse made of weasel skin that closed with a "snap".^[17]

Second verse

The "Eagle" on City Road in the song's second verse may refer to a famous pub in London.^[32]^[33]^[5] The Eagle Tavern was on City Road, rebuilt as a music hall in 1825, and rebuilt in 1901 as a public house called The Eagle.^[34]^[35]^[5] As one writer concludes, "So the second verse says that visiting the Eagle causes one's money to vanish, necessitating a trip up the City Road to Uncle [the pawn shop] to raise some cash."^[5]

Today, The Eagle has the lyrics to this verse painted on a plaque on its façade.^[20]^[6]

Third verse

In the third verse, the monkey may relate to a drinking vessel.^[5] In the 19th century, sailors referred to the glazed jugs used in public houses as "monkey".^[5]^[6] A "stick" was a shot of alcohol such as rum or brandy.^[5] To "knock it off" meant to knock it back—or to drink it.^[5]^[6] The night out drinking used up all the money, conveyed in the lyrics "that's the way the money goes."^[6]

Fourth verse

The fourth verse relates to a tailor and clothing.^[5] Purchasing thread and needles may refer to paying for the items needed to work.^[6]

Fifth verse

The meaning of the fifth verse is more elusive.^[5] Here, "monkey" may refer to the slang use of the word for money worries, as in "monkey on your back".^{[citation needed]} To be chased by the monkey could mean having money troubles—one way out was to pawn your coat.^{[citation needed]} It also might refer to the actual animal, commonly associated with the organ grinders who played this jig.^[5]

Other interpretations

With some versions and interpretations of the lyrics, "pop goes the weasel" is said to be erotic or ribald, including a crude metaphor for sexual intercourse.^[18]^[36] In her autobiographical novel Little House in the Big Woods (1932), American author Laura Ingalls Wilder recalled her father singing these lyrics in 1873:

All around the cobbler's bench,
The monkey chased the weasel.
The preacher kissed the cobbler's wife—
Pop! goes the weasel!!^[37]

Modern recordings

AllMusic lists hundreds of recordings of "Pop Goes the Weasel."^[38] Some of the most notable recordings are included below:

In 1938, Clay Boland created the foxtrot song "Stop Beatin' Round the Mulberry Bush" using the basic melody of the nursery rhyme with lyrics by Bickley Reichner.^[39]^[40] That year, the Boland/Reichner/Traditional song was recorded by:
- Les Brown and His Orchestra^[41]
- Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra with singer Edythe Wright.^[40]
- Jack Hylton^[42]
- Nat Gonella and His Georgians^[43]
- The Merry Macs^[38]
- James Rushing with Count Basie^[39]
In 1946, Columbia Records released actor Gene Kelly's album for children, When We Were Very Young, which included a rendition of "Pop Goes the Weasel."^[44]
Bill Haley & His Comets recorded "Stop Beatin' Round the Mulberry Bush" in 1953.^[45]
Bing Crosby included "Pop Goes the Weasel" in a medley on his 1961 album 101 Gang Songs.^[46]
in 1961, British singer Anthony Newley reached number 12 on the UK singles chart with his version of the song.^[47]
The pop group 1910 Fruitgum Company released a version of the song in April 1968.^[48]
Ella Jenkins recorded a traditional version of the song for her 1982 album Early Early Childhood Songs on the Smithsonian Folkways label.^[49]
In their 1991 album Derelicts of Dialect, 3rd Bass included a rap version of "Pop Goes the Weasel" which was lyrically an attack on rapper Vanilla Ice.^[50]^[51]^[52]

Popular culture

Comedy recordings

In 1964, comedian singer Allan Sherman recorded "Pop Hates the Beatles", a novelty song to the tune of "Pop Goes the Weasel" that condemns The Beatles with lyrics such as, "Ringo is the one with the drums / The others all play with him / It shows you what a boy can become / without a sense of rhythm."^[53]
Singing "pop goes the weasel" was a punchline to a Robin Williams joke about putting a hamster in the microwave oven.^[54] Williams included this bit on his 1979 album, Reality...What a Concept.^[54]

Film

The Three Stooges film Punch Drunks (1934) Curley "goes berserk" whenever he hears "Pop Goes the Weasel" being played on a violin, which Moe and Larry exploit for a boxing match.^[55] The movie ends with the song playing.^[56]
The Three Stooges film Pop Goes the Easel (1935) uses "Pop Goes the Weasel" for its opening and closing tune.^[56]
The 1974 film, The Godfather Part II features a party where the band plays "Pop Goes the Weasel" when asked to play an unfamiliar tarantella.^[57]
In the 1999 biographical film Man on the Moon, a bartender tells Andy Kaufman, "I can't sell booze when you're singing 'Pop Goes the Weasel'" in response to the young comedian's act.^[58]
In the 2013 film Oz the Great and Powerful, a water fairy spits water in the Wizard's face after singing "Pop Goes the Weasel".^[59]

Literature

In 1924, Thomas William Hodgson Crosland published a novel called Pop Goes the Weasel.^[60]
Author James Patterson published a book called Pop Goes the Weasel in 2003.
M. J. Arlidge published the novel Pop Goes the Weasel in 2005^[61]
In Sidney Sheldon's 1998 novel, Tell Me Your Dreams, the American lead character had an English personality (MPD), Toni, that liked to sing the song.
The song appears twice in Wilbert Awdry’sThe Railway Series; first in the 1958 book Duck and the Diesel Engine as ‘Pop Goes The Diesel’ in the story of the same name, then in the 1969 book Oliver the Western Engine as ‘Pop Goes Old Ollie’ in the story Toad Stands By. Both times the song has been rewritten to fit the narrative.^[62]

Music

In 1855, new lyrics were published by The National Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor in England and Wales, turning it into a "School Song for Boys."^[63]
In 1855, the Liverpool School for the Deaf and Dumb published the lyrics for their School Song, sung to the tune of "Pop Goes the Weasel."^[64]
Sheet music published in 1857 provided an arrangement for the guitar, along with new political lyrics.^[3]
In the early 20th century, Henry F. Gilbert included "Pop Goes the Weasel" in his unfinished Uncle Remus opera.^[65]

Radio

The Beatles recorded a rock version of "Pop Goes The Weasel" as the theme music for the BBC Light Programme radio show Pop Go the Beatles^[66] that ran from 4 June to 24 September 1963. The British group recorded the jingle on 24 May 1963.^[67]

Television

From 1953 through 1981, the television show Romper Room's opening and ending featured "Pop Goes the Weasel" played on a Mattel's Jack-in-the-box.^[68]
In the golden age of the American Wrestling Association, The Crusher would bring a Jack-in-the-box to television interviews, winding the toy and singing "Pop Goes the Weasel" when the toy popped out of its box.^[69] The Crusher said the weasel was Bobby Heenan, a derisive nickname that stuck among Heenan's detractors.^[69]
In 1975, Saturday Night Live (season 1) episode 5, Andy Kaufman lip-syncs to a child's recording of the song.^[70]
In 1995's The Simpsons Season 6 episode "The PTA Disbands", music teacher Mr. Largo goes on strike allowing the students to play 'the forbidden music' which is "Pop Goes the Weasel"^[71]
In 1997's NYPD Blue (season 5), part of the plot of the episode "The Truth Is Out There" deals with the meaning of the song, "Pop Goes the Weasel."^[72]
Jamie Foxx and James Corden performed a "seductive" soul version of the song on The Late Late Show in 2017.^[73]
In the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode, "Encounter at Farpoint", Data is trying to whistle "Pop Goes the Weasel" when Will Riker meets him for the first time.^[74] The sixth episode of the third season of Star Trek: Picard includes actual footage of this scene.^[75]
In the November 3, 2013 episode of Masters of Sex, the character Libby gets drunk and sings "Pop Goes the Weasel" into her daiquiri.^[76]
During the end credits in season three of Star Trek: Picard, a set of musical notes appear on screen for a melody in the key of D Major in 6/8 time; it is "Pop Goes the Weasel".^[74]
During the opening theme of 1997 Cartoon Network's I Am Weasel, a parody of the melody "Pop Goes the Weasel" can be seen.".^[77]
In the original American dub of the anime Dragon Ball Z, the evil tyrant Frieza quotes the rhyme after killing the Earthling warrior Krillin.
In the TV Movie Camp Lazlo: Where's Lazlo, a weasel pushes a handcar - with Raj and Clam on board - up a big hill, mentioning how Lazlo used to chase him around the Mulberry Bush, in reference to the song. As the handcar rolls down the hill onto a track built like a roller coaster, the weasel recites the song's lyrics.

Video games

The Neverhood, a video game from 1996, has a sequence called "the weasel chase" that features the song.^[78]
The Call of Duty Black Ops 2 Zombies map Mob of the Dead features an Easter Egg that yielded a Pop Goes the Weasel Achievement Trophy when solved.^[79]
The 2019 video game Mortal Kombat 11 included an Easter egg associated with the Joker consisting of the letters "CCDDEGEC."^[80] These are the musical notes for the opening bar to "Pop Goes The Weasel."^[80]
In video game Five Nights at Freddy's 2, the music box will play "Pop! Goes the Weasel" when the Puppet is about to attack player after leaving the Music Box unwind.^[81]
In the video game Lethal Company, an enemy called Jester will play "Pop! Goes the Weasel" before it becomes hostile.^[82]
In the 2009 video game Plants vs. Zombies, the song can be heard when a Jack-in-the-Box Zombie is on the lawn, in which the song will stop playing when the zombie dies, its jack-in-the-box explodes, or gets taken away by a Magnet-shroom.^[83]
Zak McKracken and the Alien Mindbenders features the song as part of a puzzle where the player has to play a kazoo to wake up the bus driver.^[84]

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^ "'Pop Goes the Weasel', "La Templete," and 'Coulon Quadrille.'". Bath Chronicle. 27 January 1853.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j I. Opie and P. Opie, The Singing Game (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 216–18.
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^ 1853 newspaper ad: "CALDWELL's SOIREES DANSANTES ... where ... all the newest dances are danced, including 'Pop goes the Weasel' by 200 couples every evening ..." The Times (London, England), 20 June 1853, p. 13
^ "At the Theatre Royal, Haymarket." The Times, (London, England), 19 April 1853, p. 6
^ "When some bad boys endeavored to teach him the words of the popular air known as "Pop goes the Weasel", it is a fact that Master Jones couldn't be brought to do it to any other tune than that of "Evening Hymn"..." The Times (London, England), 12 September 1854, p. 6.
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^ ^a ^b Solomon, Jon (2001). The complete Three Stooges : the definitive source book for the Three Stooges; the official filmography and Three Stooges companion. Glendale, Calif.: Comedy III Productions. ISBN 978-0-9711868-0-4. OCLC 49392467.
^ Sragow, Michael (10 October 2008). "The rich and layered "Godfather II" raised the bar on movie sequels". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
^ Nichols, Peter M. (14 January 2000). "Taking the Children; His "Pop Goes the Weasel" Is as Wholesome as It Gets". The New York Times. pp. E-10. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
^ Abrams, Simon. "Oz the Great and Powerful movie review (2013)". Roger Ebert.com. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
^ Crosland, Thomas William Hodgson (1924). Pop Goes the Weasel. London: Fortune & Merriman – via Google Books.
^ Arlidge, M. J. (6 October 2015). Pop Goes the Weasel. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-698-19490-8.
^ Awdry, Wilbert (6 October 1996). Thomas the Tank Engine: The Complete Collection. Heinemann.
^ "School Song for Boys" The Monthly Paper of the National Society. 109: 253. December 1855 – via Google Books.
^ "School Song - Tune, 'Pop Goes the Weasel' . The Monthly Paper of the National Society. 108: 272. November 1855 – via Google Books.
^ Longyear, Rey M., and Katherine E. Longyear. "Henry F. Gilbert's Unfinished "Uncle Remus" Opera." Anuario Interamericano de Investigacion Musical 10 (1974): 55 and 58. via JSTOR. doi.org/10.2307/779838.
^ Wickman, Forrest (10 May 2013). "When the Beatles Had Their Own BBC Show, a Lot of People Hated It". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
^ Joe Goodden (12 August 2013). "The Beatles' BBC radio recordings". The Beatles Bible. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
^ Warren, Brian J. (2017). "Be a 'Do-Bee': Take a Magic Mirror Journey Inside Romper Room". Red Feather Journal. 8 (1): 28 – via The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.
^ ^a ^b Reusse, Patrick (18 September 2017). "Bobby Heenan: a self-taught genius who became AWA's wonderful weasel". Star Tribune. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
^ "Saturday Night Live | Saturday Night Live: Season 1: Episode 3". IMDB. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
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^ "The Truth is Out There | NYPD Blue: Season 5: Episode 4". Metacritic. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
^ Kreps, Daniel (6 January 2017). "Watch James Corden, Jamie Foxx Sing Seductive "Pop Goes The Weasel"". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
^ ^a ^b Roth, Dylan (16 February 2023). "Easter Eggs In Star Trek: Picard Season 3". Looper. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
^ Pascale, Anthony. "Recap/Review: 'Star Trek: Picard' Pulls Off A Caper In "The Bounty"". TrekMovie.com. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
^ Langmuir, Molly (4 November 2013). "Masters of Sex Recap: Pop Goes the Weasel". Vulture. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
^ Victor, João (2 October 2023). "Easter Eggs In I Am Weasel". Looper. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
^ The Neverhood: The Weasel Chase, retrieved 20 November 2022
^ Ng, Alan (2013). "'Mob of the Dead Zombies' Easter Egg: Pop Goes the Weasel Solved". Product Reviews. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
^ ^a ^b Murray, Sean (30 January 2020). "Mortal Kombat: Redditor Discovers Musical Easter Egg In Joker's Movelist". TheGamer. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
^ Pop Goes The Weasel - Five Nights at Freddy's 2 OST, retrieved 13 October 2023
^ Fama, Daphne (4 December 2023). "Lethal Company Bestiary: All Monsters Listed". Prima Games. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
^ Plants vs. Zombies HD - Level 4-1, retrieved 7 May 2009
^ Zak McCracken Complete, retrieved 11 August 2024

External links

Jas. W. Porter. (arrangement). "Pop Goes the Weasel." Philadelphia: J. W. Porter, 1853.(via Library of Congress)
Eugene Coulon (dance), John C. Scherpf (arrangement) "Pop Goes the Weasel, The New Dance". New York: Saml. C. Jollie, 1853. (via Library of Dance).
"Pop Goes the Weasel", an animated BBC version featuring different British lyrics

[TRE-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Martin, Gary. "'Pop goes the weasel' - the meaning and origin of this phrase". The Phrase Finder. Retrieved 16 September 2022.

[:6-2] Uitti, Jacob (8 August 2022). "Behind the Meaning of the Joyous Nursery Rhyme, "Pop! Goes the Weasel"". American Songwriter. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

[:11-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Padua, Pat (29 July 2016). "Sheet Music Spotlight: Pop Goes the Weasel | The Muse". Library of Congress. Retrieved 18 September 2022.

[4] Soergel, Matt. "Jacksonville ice-cream man delivers treats, nostalgia". The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

[:7-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Quinion, Michael (4 June 2004). "Pop Goes the Weasel". World Wide Words. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

[:8-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Jack, Albert (29 September 2009). Pop Goes the Weasel: The Secret Meanings of Nursery Rhymes. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-16296-5.

[7] "Durham Regatta". Newcastle Courant (9263): 5. 18 June 1852.

[:3-8] "Mr. Bowles's Balls". Suffolk Chronicle (2226). Ipswich: 2. 18 December 1852.

[9] "The New Dance 'Pop Goes the Weasel'". The Birmingham Journal. xxviii (1443). Birmingham, England: 8. 25 December 1852 – via Newspapers.com.

[10] "Pop Goes The Weasel [advertisement]". The Times (21310). London: 10. 28 December 1852.

[11] "'Pop Goes the Weasel', "La Templete," and 'Coulon Quadrille.'". Bath Chronicle. 27 January 1853.

[Opie1985-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j I. Opie and P. Opie, The Singing Game (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 216–18.

[:0-13] Porter, James W. (arr.) (1853). Pop Goes the Weasel. Philadelphia: J. W. Porter.

[14] 1853 newspaper ad: "CALDWELL's SOIREES DANSANTES ... where ... all the newest dances are danced, including 'Pop goes the Weasel' by 200 couples every evening ..." The Times (London, England), 20 June 1853, p. 13

[15] "At the Theatre Royal, Haymarket." The Times, (London, England), 19 April 1853, p. 6

[16] "When some bad boys endeavored to teach him the words of the popular air known as "Pop goes the Weasel", it is a fact that Master Jones couldn't be brought to do it to any other tune than that of "Evening Hymn"..." The Times (London, England), 12 September 1854, p. 6.

[:13-17] "Anent "Pop Goes the Weasel."" (PDF). The New York Times. 18 July 1905. p. 6. Retrieved 18 September 2022.

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[22] The Times London, Greater London, Dec 28, 1852, Page 10, Advertisement

[23] Banbury Guardian, 3 February 1853

[24] Gateshead Observer - Saturday 05 February 1853

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[D._Volo,_2006_p._264-26] D. D. Volo, Family Life in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-century America (Greenwood, 2006), p. 264.

[27] "Antiques & Collectibles: A weasel isn't always what you'd expect". NewsTimes. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

[28] Martin, Gary. "'Pop goes the weasel' - the meaning and origin of this phrase". Phrasefinder. Retrieved 16 September 2022.

[29] Brown, Rachel, The Weaving, Spinning, and Dyeing Book. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978. p. 240. ISBN 9780394733838

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[33] Kemp, David (12 January 1992). The Pleasures and Treasures of Britain: A Discerning Traveller's Companion. Dundurn. ISBN 978-1-55002-159-2.

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[55] "PUNCH DRUNKS (1934)". threestooges.net. Retrieved 18 September 2022.

[:17-56] Solomon, Jon (2001). The complete Three Stooges : the definitive source book for the Three Stooges; the official filmography and Three Stooges companion. Glendale, Calif.: Comedy III Productions. ISBN 978-0-9711868-0-4. OCLC 49392467.

[57] Sragow, Michael (10 October 2008). "The rich and layered "Godfather II" raised the bar on movie sequels". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 20 November 2022.

[58] Nichols, Peter M. (14 January 2000). "Taking the Children; His "Pop Goes the Weasel" Is as Wholesome as It Gets". The New York Times. pp. E-10. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 September 2022.

[59] Abrams, Simon. "Oz the Great and Powerful movie review (2013)". Roger Ebert.com. Retrieved 10 December 2022.

[60] Crosland, Thomas William Hodgson (1924). Pop Goes the Weasel. London: Fortune & Merriman – via Google Books.

[61] Arlidge, M. J. (6 October 2015). Pop Goes the Weasel. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-698-19490-8.

[62] Awdry, Wilbert (6 October 1996). Thomas the Tank Engine: The Complete Collection. Heinemann.

[63] "School Song for Boys" The Monthly Paper of the National Society. 109: 253. December 1855 – via Google Books.

[64] "School Song - Tune, 'Pop Goes the Weasel' . The Monthly Paper of the National Society. 108: 272. November 1855 – via Google Books.

[65] Longyear, Rey M., and Katherine E. Longyear. "Henry F. Gilbert's Unfinished "Uncle Remus" Opera." Anuario Interamericano de Investigacion Musical 10 (1974): 55 and 58. via JSTOR. doi.org/10.2307/779838.

[66] Wickman, Forrest (10 May 2013). "When the Beatles Had Their Own BBC Show, a Lot of People Hated It". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

[Goodden-67] Joe Goodden (12 August 2013). "The Beatles' BBC radio recordings". The Beatles Bible. Retrieved 18 June 2018.

[68] Warren, Brian J. (2017). "Be a 'Do-Bee': Take a Magic Mirror Journey Inside Romper Room". Red Feather Journal. 8 (1): 28 – via The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.

[:10-69] Reusse, Patrick (18 September 2017). "Bobby Heenan: a self-taught genius who became AWA's wonderful weasel". Star Tribune. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

[70] "Saturday Night Live | Saturday Night Live: Season 1: Episode 3". IMDB. Retrieved 6 February 2023.

[71] "The PTA Disbands | The Simpsons: Season 6: Episode 21". Simpsons Archive. Retrieved 13 June 2023.

[72] "The Truth is Out There | NYPD Blue: Season 5: Episode 4". Metacritic. Retrieved 20 November 2022.

[73] Kreps, Daniel (6 January 2017). "Watch James Corden, Jamie Foxx Sing Seductive "Pop Goes The Weasel"". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 18 September 2022.

[:18-74] Roth, Dylan (16 February 2023). "Easter Eggs In Star Trek: Picard Season 3". Looper. Retrieved 18 February 2023.

[75] Pascale, Anthony. "Recap/Review: 'Star Trek: Picard' Pulls Off A Caper In "The Bounty"". TrekMovie.com. Retrieved 26 March 2023.

[76] Langmuir, Molly (4 November 2013). "Masters of Sex Recap: Pop Goes the Weasel". Vulture. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

[77] Victor, João (2 October 2023). "Easter Eggs In I Am Weasel". Looper. Retrieved 2 October 2023.

[78] The Neverhood: The Weasel Chase, retrieved 20 November 2022

[79] Ng, Alan (2013). "'Mob of the Dead Zombies' Easter Egg: Pop Goes the Weasel Solved". Product Reviews. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

[:12-80] Murray, Sean (30 January 2020). "Mortal Kombat: Redditor Discovers Musical Easter Egg In Joker's Movelist". TheGamer. Retrieved 18 September 2022.

[81] Pop Goes The Weasel - Five Nights at Freddy's 2 OST, retrieved 13 October 2023

[82] Fama, Daphne (4 December 2023). "Lethal Company Bestiary: All Monsters Listed". Prima Games. Retrieved 9 December 2023.

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