Brockton, Massachusetts: Difference between revisions
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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}} |
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{{Short description|City in Massachusetts, United States}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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|official_name = Brockton, Massachusetts |
| official_name = Brockton, Massachusetts |
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| settlement_type = [[City]] |
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| image_skyline = BrocktonCityHall.jpg |
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| imagesize = 250px |
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| image_caption = City Hall |
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| image_flag = |
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|image_seal |
| image_seal = Seal of Brockton, Massachusetts.svg |
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| nickname = The City of Champions |
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| motto = "Education, Industry, Progress" |
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| image_map = Plymouth County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Brockton highlighted.svg |
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|mapsize = 250px |
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| mapsize = 250px |
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| map_caption = Location in Plymouth County in Massachusetts |
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| pushpin_map = Massachusetts#USA#North America |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Massachusetts##Location within the United States##Location within North America |
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|map_caption1 = |
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| pushpin_relief = 1 |
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| pushpin_label = Brockton |
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|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] |
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| coordinates = {{coord|42|05|00|N|71|01|08|W|region:US-MA_type:city(106,000)|display=inline,title}} |
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|subdivision_name = [[United States]] |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{US}}}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |
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|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Massachusetts|County]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Massachusetts|County]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Massachusetts}} |
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|established_title = Settled |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Plymouth County, Massachusetts|Plymouth]] |
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|established_date = 1700 |
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| established_title = Settled |
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|established_title2 = [[Incorporation (municipal government)|Incorporated]] |
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| established_date = 1700 |
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| established_title2 = [[Incorporation (municipal government)|Incorporated]] (town) |
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|established_title3 = |
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| established_date2 = 1821 |
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| established_title3 = Incorporated (city) |
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|government_type = [[Mayor-council government|Mayor-council city]] |
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| established_date3 = 1881 |
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| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Strong mayor/council]] |
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| leader_title = Mayor |
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|leader_title1 = <!--Board of <br> Selectmen--> |
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| leader_name = Robert F. Sullivan |
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| unit_pref = Imperial |
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|area_total_km2 = 55. |
| area_total_km2 = 55.73 |
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|area_total_sq_mi = 21. |
| area_total_sq_mi = 21.52 |
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|area_land_km2 = 55. |
| area_land_km2 = 55.25 |
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|area_land_sq_mi = 21. |
| area_land_sq_mi = 21.33 |
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|area_water_km2 = 0. |
| area_water_km2 = 0.48 |
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|area_water_sq_mi = 0. |
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.18 |
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| elevation_m = 34 |
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| elevation_ft = 112 |
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|population_total = |
| population_total = 105643 |
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| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]] |
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|population_density_km2 = 1,674.3 |
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| population_density_km2 = 1912.05 |
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|population_density_sq_mi = 4,329.9 |
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| population_density_sq_mi = 4952.09 |
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| postal_code_type = ZIP Codes |
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| postal_code = 02301–02305 |
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| area_code = [[Area code 508|508]]/[[Area code 774|774]] |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.brockton.ma.us/}} |
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|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]] |
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| timezone = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]] |
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|utc_offset_DST = -4 |
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| utc_offset = −5 |
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|coordinates_display = inline,title |
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| timezone_DST = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]] |
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|coordinates_type = region:US_type:city |
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| utc_offset_DST = −4 |
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|latd = 42 |latm = 05 |lats = 00 |latNS = N |
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| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |
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|longd = 71 |longm = 01 |longs = 08 |longEW = W |
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| blank_info = 25-09000 |
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| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |
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|postal_code_type = ZIP code |
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| blank1_info = 0617571 |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_25.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 21, 2022}}</ref> |
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|area_code = [[Area code 508|508]] / [[Area code 774|774]] |
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| pop_est_as_of = |
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|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |
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| pop_est_footnotes = |
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|blank_info = 25-09000 |
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| population_est = |
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|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |
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| population_footnotes = |
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|blank1_info = 0617571 |
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|footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Brockton''' is a city in [[Plymouth County, Massachusetts|Plymouth County]], [[Massachusetts]], [[United States]]. The population size was recorded as 94,304 in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]. The city and [[Plymouth, Massachusetts|Plymouth]] are the [[county seat]]s of [[Plymouth County, Massachusetts|Plymouth County]].{{GR|6}} Brockton is the 6th largest city in Massachusetts and is sometimes referred to the "City of Champions", mainly due to the success of native boxers [[Rocky Marciano]] and [[Marvin Hagler]], as well as its successful [[Brockton High School]] sports programs. |
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'''Brockton''' is a city in [[Plymouth County, Massachusetts]], United States; the population was 105,643 at the 2020 United States census. Along with [[Plymouth, Massachusetts|Plymouth]], it is one of the two [[county seat]]s of [[Plymouth County, Massachusetts|Plymouth County]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web |url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=2011-05-31 }}</ref> It is the sixth-largest city in Massachusetts and is sometimes referred to as the "City of Champions", due to the success of native boxers [[Rocky Marciano]] and [[Marvin Hagler]], as well as its successful [[Brockton High School]] sports programs. Two villages within it are [[Montello (MBTA station)|Montello]] and [[Campello (MBTA station)|Campello]], both of which have [[MBTA Commuter Rail|MBTA Commuter Rail Stations]] and post offices. Campello is the smallest neighborhood, but also the most populous. Brockton hosts a baseball team, the [[Brockton Rox]]. It is the second-windiest city in the United States, with an average wind speed of {{Convert|14.3|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city-data.com/top2/c467.html |title=Top 101 cities with the highest average wind speeds (population 50,000+) |publisher=www.city-data.com}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In 1649, Ousamequin ([[Massasoit]]) sold the surrounding land, then known as Saughtucket, to [[Myles Standish]] as an addition to [[Duxbury]]. Brockton was part of this area, which the English renamed [[Bridgewater, Massachusetts|Bridgewater]], until 1821, when it became the town of North Bridgewater. Its name changed in 1874, after a contentious process finally decided on naming it after [[Isaac Brock]], after a local merchant heard of [[Brockville, Ontario]], on a trip to [[Niagara Falls]]. The town of Brockton became a city on April 9, 1881. During the [[American Civil War]], Brockton was America's largest producer of shoes, and until the latter parts of the 20th century Brockton had a large shoe and leather products industry. |
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In 1649, Ousamequin ([[Massasoit]]) sold the surrounding [[Wampanoag]] land—then known as Saughtucket—to [[Myles Standish]] as an addition to [[Duxbury, Massachusetts|Duxbury]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cline |first=Sara |title=Massasoit and Myles Standish signed it -- Bridgewater saved it |url=https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/news/2017/09/08/massasoit-myles-standish-signed-it/18853923007/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Enterprise News |language=en-US}}</ref> Brockton was part of this area, which [[Colonial history of the United States|the English]] renamed [[Bridgewater, Massachusetts|Bridgewater]]. On June 15, 1821, a portion of the then Bridgewater Township was established as North Bridgewater.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/388219-vital-records-of-bridgewater-massachusetts-to-the-year-1850-vol-1|title=Vital Records of Bridgewater, Massachusetts to the year 1850|publisher=New England Historic Genealogical Society|year=1916|editor-last=Scott|editor-first=Henry Edwards|volume=1 - Births|location=Boston, Massachusetts|pages=3|access-date=19 Nov 2021|url-access=registration}}</ref> Brockton is named after [[Isaac Brock]]. He was the British commanding general at [[Battle of Queenston Heights|Queenston Heights]]—the first major battle of the [[War of 1812]]—where invading American troops retreated in defeat. Because Brock was a [[Loyalism|loyalist]], naming the town after him was a subject of contention among its colonial residents. Ultimately, it was given the name Brockton in 1874, and officially became a [[city]] on April 9, 1881. |
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Brockton was a stop on the [[Underground Railroad]], a network of secret routes and safe houses that helped enslaved people escape to freedom in the North and Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Black history comes alive in the hands and voices of prominent Brocktonians |url=https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/news/history/2023/02/10/brockton-black-history-month-naacp-library-martin-luther-king-malcolm-x-kamala-harris-harriet-tubman/69873734007/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Enterprise News |language=en-US}}</ref> Famous [[Abolitionism|abolitionist]] [[Frederick Douglass]], spoke to a crowd at the Liberty Tree in Brockton during the pre-Civil War period.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saint-Ciel |first=Alisha |title=5 influential African Americans with ties to Brockton area |url=https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/news/local/2021/02/18/african-american-brockton-west-bridgewater-frederick-douglass-jacob-talbot-eugene-marrow-mary-baker/6781214002/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Enterprise News |language=en-US}}</ref> During the [[American Civil War]], Brockton was America's largest producer of shoes, and until the latter parts of the 20th century, Brockton had a large shoe and leather products industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wickedlocal.com/x1959832707/Once-known-as-Shoe-City-Brockton-loses-its-last-factory|title=Once known as 'Shoe City,' Brockton loses its last factory|first=Elaine|last=Allegrini}}</ref> |
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Since the company's 1898 founding, Brockton has been the headquarters city of [[office supplies]] retailer [[W.B. Mason]], itself founded to provide those supplies to the city's shoe industry. The city's economy was once based on the shoe industry, but it has since diversified to include other industries such as healthcare, education, and manufacturing. Brockton has faced a number of challenges, including poverty, crime, and regional and local racial segregation.<ref name=":0">[https://www.bostonindicators.org/-/media/indicators/boston-indicators-reports/report-files/changing-faces-2019/indicators-changing-facesf2web.pdf Boston Indicators Project, 2018, pp. 37-40]</ref> Despite these challenges, the city has made progress in recent years,<ref name=":0" /> particularly in the development of its downtown area, by highlighting its diversity and rich history, and working toward a more welcoming atmosphere for businesses and residents.<ref>{{Citation |last=CityBrockton |title=Brockton: Where Better Begins |date=2022-11-09 |url=https://vimeo.com/769246635 |access-date=2023-04-15}}</ref> |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:1906 Brockton station postcard.JPG|Brockton station on a 1906 postcard |
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Image:Oldest House in Brockton Heights, MA.jpg|Oldest house in 1910 |
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File:Oldest House in Brockton Heights, MA.jpg|Oldest house in 1910 |
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File:Main Street, Looking North From Crescent, Brockton, MA.jpg|Main Street {{circa|1910}} |
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File:Howard & Foster's Shoe Factory, Brockton, MA.jpg|Shoe factory in 1910 |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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===Historical firsts=== |
===Historical firsts=== |
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{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2010}} |
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;World firsts |
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* On October 1, 1883, Brockton became the first place in the world to have a three wire underground electrical system when [[Thomas Edison]] threw a switch to activate it. |
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* The City Theater opened on October 24, 1894, the first theater in the world to be tied into the three wire electrical system. |
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====World firsts==== |
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* On October 1, 1883, Brockton became the first place in the world to have a [[Three-phase electric power|three-wire]] underground electrical system when [[Thomas Edison]] threw a switch to activate it.<ref>[http://www.thomasedison.com/enlightened.html#brocktonbreak Edison's Fabulous Breakthrough in Brockton, Massachusetts], thomasedison.com; accessed April 16, 2014.</ref> |
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* The City Theater opened on October 24, 1894, the first theater in the world to be tied into the three-wire electrical system. |
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====US firsts==== |
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* On December 30, 1884, the first electrically operated fire station in the United States opened in Brockton. |
* On December 30, 1884, the first electrically operated fire station in the United States opened in Brockton. |
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* The department store [[Santa Claus]] |
* The department store [[Santa Claus]] appeared in Brockton in December 1890, when [[James Edgar (entrepreneur)|James Edgar]], of Edgar's Department Store, suited up for the first time.<ref>[http://1stdepartmentstoresanta.com/james-edgar.pdf Department Store Santa Tradition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707060442/http://1stdepartmentstoresanta.com/james-edgar.pdf |date=2011-07-07 }}; retrieved April 19, 2011</ref> |
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* Brockton became the first city in the country to abolish [[grade crossings]] in 1896. |
* Brockton became the first city in the country to abolish [[grade crossings]] in 1896. |
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* In 2020, Brockton became the first city in [[New England]] with a majority-Black population. Brockton's new majority-Black population is expected to have a positive impact on the city's culture, economy, and politics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berke |first=Ben |title=Brockton is now majority Black, for first time in city's history |url=https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/news/local/2020/10/23/brockton-is-now-majority-black-for-first-time-in-citys-139-year-history/114467122/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Enterprise News |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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====World records==== |
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* On November 23, 2010, Brockton set the world record for the most Santa Hat wearers in one place at one time, with 872 people participating in the event.<ref>[http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/mass/most_Santa_hat_wearers_in_one_place_Brockton_sets_world_record_101979.html World Records Academy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515160211/http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/mass/most_Santa_hat_wearers_in_one_place_Brockton_sets_world_record_101979.html |date=2012-05-15 }}; accessed April 16, 2014.</ref> |
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* On November 20, 2011, Brockton doubled the city's Santa Claus hat-wearing record with 1792 people in downtown Brockton wearing Santa hats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/massachusetts/2011/11/20/sea-santas-stand-counted/orsfeGAv8F6guYbukoD53N/story.html|title=Brockton dons Santa hats, shatters its own record - the Boston Globe|website=[[The Boston Globe]]}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|21.6|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|21.5|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}} (0.56%) is water. Brockton is the 162nd largest city by land area in the Commonwealth, and the twelfth largest of the twenty-seven towns in Plymouth County. Bordered by [[Avon, Massachusetts|Avon]] to the north, [[Holbrook, Massachusetts|Holbrook]] to the northeast, [[Abington, Massachusetts|Abington]] to the northeast, [[Whitman, Massachusetts|Whitman]] and [[East Bridgewater, Massachusetts|East Bridgewater]] to the southeast, [[West Bridgewater, Massachusetts|West Bridgewater]] to the south, and [[Easton, Massachusetts|Easton]] to the west. Brockton is approximately 25 miles south of [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], and 30 miles northeast of [[Providence, Rhode Island]]. |
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Brockton is mostly an urban setting, lying along the Salisbury River, which once powered the many shoe factories of the city. To the northeast lies the Beaver Brook Conservation Land, attached to the southern end of the [[Ames Nowell State Park]] in Abington. There are several parks throughout the city, but the largest is D.W. Field Park, an [[Frederick Law Olmsted|Olmsted]]-inspired park which includes ponds, Waldo Lake and Brockton Reservoir in Avon, as well as a golf course. |
Brockton is mostly an urban setting, lying along the [[Salisbury Plain River]], which once powered the many shoe factories of the city. To the northeast lies the Beaver Brook Conservation Land, attached to the southern end of the [[Ames Nowell State Park]] in [[Abington, Massachusetts|Abington]]. There are several parks throughout the city, but the largest is [[D.W. Field Park]], an [[Frederick Law Olmsted|Olmsted]]-inspired park which includes ponds, Waldo Lake and Brockton Reservoir in Avon, as well as a golf course. |
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===Climate=== |
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According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Brockton has either a [[Humid continental climate#Hot summer subtype|hot-summer humid continental climate]] (abbreviated ''Dfa''), or a hot-summer [[Humid subtropical climate|humid sub-tropical climate]] (abbreviated ''Cfa''), depending on the isotherm used. |
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{{Weather box |
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|location = Brockton, Massachusetts, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1894–present |
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|single line = Yes |
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|Jan record high F = 71 |
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|Feb record high F = 72 |
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|Mar record high F = 88 |
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|Apr record high F = 95 |
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|May record high F = 97 |
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|Jun record high F = 101 |
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|Jul record high F = 103 |
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|Aug record high F = 104 |
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|Sep record high F = 100 |
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|Oct record high F = 89 |
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|Nov record high F = 82 |
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|Dec record high F = 78 |
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|Jan avg record high F = 59.7 |
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|Feb avg record high F = 59.3 |
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|Mar avg record high F = 67.8 |
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|Apr avg record high F = 79.9 |
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|May avg record high F = 88.7 |
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|Jun avg record high F = 92.4 |
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|Jul avg record high F = 95.1 |
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|Aug avg record high F = 93.4 |
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|Sep avg record high F = 88.7 |
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|Oct avg record high F = 79.9 |
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|Nov avg record high F = 70.6 |
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|Dec avg record high F = 62.4 |
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|year avg record high F = 97.0 |
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|Jan high F = 38.7 |
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|Feb high F = 40.8 |
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|Mar high F = 48.0 |
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|Apr high F = 59.0 |
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|May high F = 69.7 |
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|Jun high F = 78.3 |
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|Jul high F = 84.2 |
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|Aug high F = 82.9 |
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|Sep high F = 75.3 |
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|Oct high F = 64.0 |
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|Nov high F = 53.5 |
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|Dec high F = 43.7 |
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|year high F = |
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|Jan mean F = 29.6 |
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|Feb mean F = 31.4 |
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|Mar mean F = 38.3 |
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|Apr mean F = 48.5 |
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|May mean F = 58.5 |
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|Jun mean F = 67.7 |
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|Jul mean F = 73.8 |
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|Aug mean F = 72.4 |
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|Sep mean F = 64.8 |
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|Oct mean F = 53.5 |
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|Nov mean F = 43.8 |
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|Dec mean F = 35.0 |
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|year mean F = |
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|Jan low F = 20.6 |
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|Feb low F = 22.0 |
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|Mar low F = 28.7 |
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|Apr low F = 38.0 |
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|May low F = 47.4 |
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|Jun low F = 57.1 |
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|Jul low F = 63.4 |
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|Aug low F = 62.0 |
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|Sep low F = 54.2 |
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|Oct low F = 43.0 |
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|Nov low F = 34.2 |
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|Dec low F = 26.4 |
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|year low F = |
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|Jan avg record low F = 0.2 |
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|Feb avg record low F = 3.8 |
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|Mar avg record low F = 11.2 |
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|Apr avg record low F = 25.2 |
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|May avg record low F = 33.7 |
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|Jun avg record low F = 43.5 |
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|Jul avg record low F = 51.4 |
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|Aug avg record low F = 49.2 |
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|Sep avg record low F = 38.1 |
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|Oct avg record low F = 27.6 |
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|Nov avg record low F = 18.7 |
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|Dec avg record low F = 8.9 |
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|year avg record low F = -1.8 |
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|Jan record low F = -18 |
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|Feb record low F = -19 |
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|Mar record low F = -5 |
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|Apr record low F = 13 |
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|May record low F = 25 |
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|Jun record low F = 35 |
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|Jul record low F = 40 |
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|Aug record low F = 37 |
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|Sep record low F = 27 |
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|Oct record low F = 13 |
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|Nov record low F = 3 |
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|Dec record low F = -16 |
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|precipitation colour = green |
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|Jan precipitation inch = 4.02 |
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|Feb precipitation inch = 3.62 |
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|Mar precipitation inch = 5.23 |
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|Apr precipitation inch = 4.53 |
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|May precipitation inch = 3.44 |
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|Jun precipitation inch = 4.13 |
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|Jul precipitation inch = 3.17 |
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|Aug precipitation inch = 3.60 |
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|Sep precipitation inch = 4.08 |
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|Oct precipitation inch = 4.96 |
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|Nov precipitation inch = 4.39 |
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|Dec precipitation inch = 5.06 |
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|year precipitation inch = |
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|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |
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|Jan precipitation days = 11.0 |
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|Feb precipitation days = 10.7 |
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|Mar precipitation days = 12.0 |
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|Apr precipitation days = 12.3 |
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|May precipitation days = 12.8 |
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|Jun precipitation days = 11.4 |
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|Jul precipitation days = 9.7 |
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|Aug precipitation days = 9.3 |
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|Sep precipitation days = 9.4 |
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|Oct precipitation days = 11.4 |
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|Nov precipitation days = 11.0 |
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|Dec precipitation days = 12.3 |
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|Jan snow inch = 9.1 |
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|Feb snow inch = 12.8 |
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|Mar snow inch = 6.9 |
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|Apr snow inch = 0.7 |
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|May snow inch = 0.0 |
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|Jun snow inch = 0.0 |
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|Jul snow inch = 0.0 |
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|Aug snow inch = 0.0 |
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|Sep snow inch = 0.0 |
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|Oct snow inch = 0.1 |
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|Nov snow inch = 0.2 |
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|Dec snow inch = 4.5 |
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|year snow inch = |
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|unit snow days = 0.1 in |
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|Jan snow days = 2.2 |
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|Feb snow days = 2.3 |
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|Mar snow days = 1.5 |
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|Apr snow days = 0.2 |
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|May snow days = 0.0 |
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|Jun snow days = 0.0 |
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|Jul snow days = 0.0 |
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|Aug snow days = 0.0 |
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|Sep snow days = 0.0 |
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|Oct snow days = 0.0 |
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|Nov snow days = 0.1 |
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|Dec snow days = 1.4 |
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|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA> |
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{{cite web |
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|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00190860&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |
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|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
|||
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Brockton, MA |
|||
|access-date = June 16, 2023 |
|||
}} |
|||
</ref> |
|||
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData> |
|||
{{cite web |
|||
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=box |
|||
|publisher = National Weather Service |
|||
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Boston |
|||
|access-date = June 16, 2023 |
|||
}} |
|||
</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
||
{{Historical populations |
|||
{{USCensusPop |
|||
|type= USA |
|||
|1830=1953 |
|||
|1830|1953 |
|||
|1840=2616 |
|||
|1840|2616 |
|||
|1850=3939 |
|||
|1850|3939 |
|||
|1860=6584 |
|||
|1860|6584 |
|||
|1870=8007 |
|||
|1870|8007 |
|||
|1880=13608 |
|||
|1880|13608 |
|||
|1890=27294 |
|||
|1890|27294 |
|||
|1900=40063 |
|||
|1900|40063 |
|||
|1910=56878 |
|||
|1910|56878 |
|||
|1920=66254 |
|||
|1920|66254 |
|||
|1930=63797 |
|||
|1930|63797 |
|||
|1940=62343 |
|||
|1940|62343 |
|||
|1950=62860 |
|||
|1950|62860 |
|||
|1960=62628 |
|||
| |
|1960|72813 |
||
|1970|89040 |
|||
|1980=95172 |
|||
|1980|95172 |
|||
|1990=92788 |
|||
|1990|92788 |
|||
|2000=94304 |
|||
|2000|94304 |
|||
|estyear=2007 |
|||
|2010|93810 |
|||
|estimate=93092 |
|||
|2020|105643 |
|||
|2023*|104890 |
|||
|source={{center|U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>}} |
|||
|footnote=* = population estimate. {{Historical populations/Massachusetts municipalities references}}<ref name="1950_Census_Urban_populations_since_1790">{{cite journal|title=1950 Census of Population|volume=1: Number of Inhabitants|at=Section 6, pp. 21-7 through 21-09, Massachusetts Table 4. Population of Urban Places of 10,000 or more from Earliest Census to 1920|publisher=Bureau of the Census|access-date=July 12, 2011|year=1952|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/23761117v1ch06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609073753/http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/23761117v1ch06.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-09 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date=November 23, 2023 | url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
}} |
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As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 94,304 people, 33,675 households, and 22,764 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 4,392.8 people per square mile (1,695.9/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 34,837 housing units at an average density of 1,622.8/mi<sup>2</sup> (626.5/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 61.49% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 17.83% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.36% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.19% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 10.32% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 7.78% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 8.01% of the population. |
|||
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2020 Brockton, MA.png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Brockton, 2020 U.S. census. Each dot is one person: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(115, 178, 255)|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(159, 212, 0)|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(255, 0, 0)|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(255, 170, 0)|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(140, 81, 181)|Multiracial}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=rgb(153, 102, 51)|Native American/Other}}]] |
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Brockton has experienced dramatic demographic change in the past six years. Its population continues to boom, as does the rest of Southeastern Massachusetts, which is Massachusetts's fasting growing region. The African-American population in Brockton has nearly doubled in the last six years. |
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===2020 census=== |
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2006 estimates state Brockton's demographics as: 49.8% [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|White]], 32.7% [[African American]], 0.2% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 2.9% [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Asian]], 0% [[Pacific Islander]], 10.3% from [[other races]], 4.1% from two or more races. [[Hispanic]] or [[Latino]] of any race were 10.0% of the population.<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=01000US&_geoContext=01000US&_street=&_county=Brockton&_cityTown=Brockton&_state=04000US25&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2006_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null®=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry= Brockton city, Massachusetts - Fact Sheet - American FactFinder<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
|||
|+'''Brockton, Massachusetts – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small> |
|||
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small> |
|||
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Brockton city, Massachusetts|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=160XX00US2509000|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> |
|||
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Brockton city, Massachusetts|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2509000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau ]]|access-date=}}</ref> |
|||
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Brockton city, Massachusetts|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2509000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau ]]|access-date=}}</ref> |
|||
!% 2000 |
|||
!% 2010 |
|||
!{{partial|% 2020}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH) |
|||
|54,902 |
|||
|40,268 |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |29,392 |
|||
|58.22% |
|||
|42.93% |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |27.82% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH) |
|||
|15,913 |
|||
|27,939 |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |35,656 |
|||
|16.87% |
|||
|29.78% |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |33.75% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH) |
|||
|276 |
|||
|253 |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |232 |
|||
|0.29% |
|||
|0.27% |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.22% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH) |
|||
|2,044 |
|||
|2,131 |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,243 |
|||
|2.17% |
|||
|2.27% |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.12% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]] (NH) |
|||
|27 |
|||
|37 |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |28 |
|||
|0.03% |
|||
|0.04% |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.03% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Other races (U.S. Census)|Some other race]] (NH) |
|||
|6,971 |
|||
|8,329 |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |7,315 |
|||
|7.39% |
|||
|8.88% |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6.92% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH) |
|||
|6,619 |
|||
|5,496 |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |18,015 |
|||
|7.02% |
|||
|5.86% |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |17.05% |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race) |
|||
|7,552 |
|||
|9,357 |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |12,762 |
|||
|8.01% |
|||
|9.97% |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |12.08% |
|||
|- |
|||
|'''Total''' |
|||
|'''94,304''' |
|||
|'''93,810''' |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''105,643''' |
|||
|'''100.00%''' |
|||
|'''100.00%''' |
|||
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
As of the [[United States Census|census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|last=Jones|first=Jarred|date=2020-10-21|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=brockton,%20ma%20&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=false|access-date=2020-10-21|website=U.S. Census website|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> of 2020, there were 105,643 people, 31,440 households, and about 3.04 people living in each household, and about an average family size of 3.59. The [[population density]] was 4,486.3 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city treating Hispanics as if a separate race was 27.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 33.8% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 6.9% other race; 17.1% Mixed race or Multiracial, and 12.1% [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race. The African-American population in Brockton has grown significantly since the beginning of the early 2000s. |
|||
Brockton has the largest population of Cape Verdean ancestry in the United States, with 9.0% of its population reporting this ancestry.<ref>[http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Cape-Verdean.html Cape Verdean ancestry by city - ePodunk<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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Brockton has one of the largest population of [[Demographics of Cape Verde|Cape Verdean]] ancestry in the United States. Per the 2023 [[American Community Survey]] five-year estimates, the [[Cape Verdean American]] population was 16,753 or approximately 16% of the population.<ref name=B04006-2022>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B04006?t=Ancestry&g=160XX00US2509000|title=B04006 People Reporting Ancestry – Brockton, Massachusetts – 2023 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|date=July 1, 2023|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 13, 2024}}</ref> Brockton also has a significant [[Angolan American]] community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8599845.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025033251/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8599845.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-10-25|title=Trouble's Temptations: Angolan-American activists worry that young immigrants from their homeland will be drawn into the cycle of violence that plagues Cape Verdeans|periodical=The Boston Globe|last=Latour|first=Francie|date=2000-06-25|access-date=March 15, 2009}}</ref> |
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As of 2000, there were 33,675 households out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 19.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.35. |
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Statistically, Brockton is the most populous and most densely populated community in Plymouth County. It is the sixth largest community in the commonwealth. However, it is only the twenty-seventh most densely populated community in the Commonwealth. {{citation needed|date=April 2014}} |
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In the city the population was spread out with 27.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males. |
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As of 2010, there were 33,675 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 19.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males. |
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The median income for a household in the city was $39,507, and the median income for a family was $46,235. Males had a median income of $34,255 versus $26,886 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,163. About 12.1% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 19.4% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over. |
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As of 2018, the median income for a household in Brockton is $55,140. Males have an average income of $41,093 versus $35,145 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,163. The poverty rate in Brockton is 15.61% of the population. Notably by race, 23.55% of Hispanics were in poverty, while the Black population of Brockton had about 18.61% of its population living in poverty. |
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Statistically, Brockton is the most populous and most densely populated community in Plymouth County. It is the sixth largest community in the commonwealth, the largest of the sub-100,000 person cities. However, it is only the twenty-seventh most densely populated community in the Commonwealth. |
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===Income=== |
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{{See also|List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income}} |
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Data is from the 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_5YR_DP03&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212214424/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_5YR_DP03&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-02-12|title=SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 2009-2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2015-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_5YR_DP05&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212731/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_5YR_DP05&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-02-12|title=ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2009-2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2015-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_5YR_S1101&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212210258/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_5YR_S1101&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-02-12|title=HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES 2009-2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2015-01-12}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|- valign=bottom |
|||
! Rank |
|||
! ZIP Code (ZCTA) |
|||
! Per capita<br>income |
|||
! Median<br>household<br>income |
|||
! Median<br>family<br>income |
|||
! Population |
|||
! Number of<br>households |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| ''[[Massachusetts]]'' |
|||
| $35,763 |
|||
| $66,866 |
|||
| $84,900 |
|||
| 6,605,058 |
|||
| 2,530,147 |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| ''[[Plymouth County, Massachusetts|Plymouth County]]'' |
|||
| $35,220 |
|||
| $75,092 |
|||
| $90,431 |
|||
| 497,386 |
|||
| 179,617 |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| ''United States'' |
|||
| $28,155 |
|||
| $53,046 |
|||
| $64,719 |
|||
| 311,536,594 |
|||
| 115,610,216 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1 |
|||
| 02301 (West Brockton) |
|||
| $22,728 |
|||
| $61,060 |
|||
| $65,914 |
|||
| 34,929 |
|||
| 11,516 |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| ''Brockton'' |
|||
| $21,942 |
|||
| $49,025 |
|||
| $57,773 |
|||
| 93,911 |
|||
| 32,856 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2 |
|||
| 02302 (East Brockton) |
|||
| $21,477 |
|||
| $44,144 |
|||
| $53,080 |
|||
| 58,982 |
|||
| 21,340 |
|||
|} |
|||
==Arts and culture== |
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===Music=== |
|||
Brockton is home to the [[Brockton Symphony Orchestra]], a community orchestra founded in 1948.<ref>Pfeifer, Ellen (10 April 1998). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130812010542/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-56381394.html "Handel rarity is a royal tragedy; Brockton Symphony celebrates 50 years"]. ''[[Boston Herald]]''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brocktonsymphony.org/|title=The Brockton Symphony Orchestra|first=BrSO|last=Webmaster|website=www.brocktonsymphony.org}}</ref> The orchestra performs five or six concerts per season at local venues such as Brockton's West Middle School Auditorium and the [[Oliver Ames (governor)|Oliver Ames]] Auditorium in the neighboring town of [[Easton, Massachusetts|Easton]]. The orchestra comprises 65 musicians from the greater Brockton area and its musical director since 2007 is James Orent, a guest conductor of the [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]] and [[Boston Pops]].<ref>Mccready, Daniel (February 25, 2012).[http://www.enterprisenews.com/answerbook/brockton/x1911641511/Orchestra-to-bring-Life-to-Brockton#ixzz2DzFxw9KY "Orchestra to bring 'Life' to Brockton"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812021805/http://www.enterprisenews.com/answerbook/brockton/x1911641511/Orchestra-to-bring-Life-to-Brockton#ixzz2DzFxw9KY |date=August 12, 2013 }}. ''[[The Enterprise (Brockton)|The Enterprise]]''; retrieved December 3, 2012.</ref><ref>Knox, Robert (September 9, 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130812012706/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8716373.html "Brockton Symphony's pilot - New director plans both rare, popular works"]. ''[[Boston Globe]]''</ref> |
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===Festivals=== |
|||
* Brockton Summer Concert Series<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enterprisenews.com/news/20170711/free-summer-concerts-return-to-brockton|title=Free summer concerts return to Brockton|first=Jessica|last=Primavera}}</ref> |
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* Downtown Brockton Arts and Music Festival – End of August annually<ref>[http://brocktonarts.org/dbam Downtown Brockton Arts and Music Festival]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://brocktonarts.org/about-us/ |title=About Us |publisher=Brockton Arts |date=2015-08-29 |access-date=2018-07-26}}</ref> |
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* Towerfest – Columbus Day Weekend annually <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.enterprisenews.com/photogallery/WL/20161008/PHOTOGALLERY/100809994/PH/1?start=2|title=Photos: Brockton's Towerfest offers a bird's-eye view of D.W. Field Park|work=The Enterprise, Brockton, MA|access-date=2017-08-11|language=en}}</ref> |
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* Greek Festival – Third week of September |
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* Veterans Day Parade annually |
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* Holiday Parade – Late November annually |
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* The [[Cape Verde]]an Festival – Last Sunday in July<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.enterprisenews.com/news/20190728/brockton-cape-verdeans-celebrate-25th-annual-cv-day-in-style|title=Brockton Cape Verdeans celebrate 25th annual CV Day in style|last=Larocque|first=Marc|date=July 28, 2019|work=The Enterprise}}</ref> |
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[[File:DelanoBrockton.jpg|thumb|Headlines posted in street-corner window of newspaper office (''[[The Enterprise (Brockton)|Brockton Enterprise]]''), 60 Main Street, Brockton, Massachusetts, December 1940. Additionally upstairs, the first main offices of [[W.B. Mason]].]] |
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===Library=== |
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The city supports three buildings within the Brockton Public Library system. The main library is a Carnegie building.<ref name="brocktonlib1">{{cite web|title=Brockton Public Library|url=http://www.brocktonpubliclibrary.org/|website=Brockton Public Library|access-date=30 November 2016}}</ref> |
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===Notable sites=== |
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* [[Brockton Airport]] – formerly, now the South Side Shopping Center |
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* [[Fuller Craft Museum]] |
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* [[Westgate Mall (Brockton)|Westgate Mall]] |
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====Sites listed on National Register of Historic Places==== |
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* [[Brockton City Hall]] |
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* [[Brockton Edison Electric Illuminating Company Power Station]] |
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* [[Central Fire Station (Brockton, Massachusetts)|Central Fire Station]] |
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* [[Curtis Building]] |
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* [[Dr. Edgar Everett Dean House]] |
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* [[D.W. Field Park]] |
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* [[Forest Avenue School]] |
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* [[Franklin Block (Brockton, Massachusetts)|Franklin Block]] |
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* [[Gardner J. Kingman House]] |
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* [[Goldthwaite Block]] |
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* [[Howard Block (Brockton, Massachusetts)|Howard Block]] |
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* [[Lyman Block]] |
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* [[Moses Packard House]] |
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* [[Old Post Office Building (Brockton, Massachusetts)|Old Post Office Building]] |
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* [[Snow Fountain and Clock]] |
|||
* [[South Street Historic District (Brockton, Massachusetts)|South Street Historic District]] |
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<!--PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER--> |
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==Sports== |
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Based at [[Campanelli Stadium]], the [[Brockton Rox]] play in the Futures Collegiate Baseball League (FCBL). From 2003 through 2011, the team was a member of the independent professional [[Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball|Can-Am League]], then in 2012 joined the amateur FCBL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pointstreaksites.com/view/mvsharks/sharks-what-s-new/martha-s-vineyard-sharks-news/news_44311 |title=Brockton Rox Join FCBL|date=February 29, 2012|website=pointstreaksites.com|access-date=August 4, 2013}}</ref> Collegiate players on FCBL teams, who are looking for more experience and scouting exposure, are offered non-paid playing opportunities. The [[New England Knockouts]], a professional baseball team of the [[Frontier League]], begin play in 2024, also using Campanelli Stadium.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.frontierleague.com/sports/bsb/2022-23/releases/20240227i7qm2d |title=Knockouts Unveil Logos, Paying Homage to Brockton & its Boxing History |website=frontierleague.com |date=February 27, 2024 |accessdate=March 20, 2024}}</ref> |
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==Government== |
==Government== |
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{{See also|List of mayors of Brockton, Massachusetts}} |
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On the national level, Brockton is a part of [[Massachusetts's 9th congressional district]], and has been represented since 2001 by [[Stephen Lynch (politician)|Stephen Lynch]]. The state's senior ([[Classes of United States Senators#Class II|Class II]]) member of the [[United States Senate]], re-elected in 2008, is [[John Kerry]]. The junior ([[Classes of United States Senators#Class I|Class I]]) senator, elected in 2010, is [[Scott Brown]]. |
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On the national level, Brockton is a part of [[Massachusetts's 8th congressional district]], and has been represented since January 2013 by [[Stephen Lynch (politician)|Stephen Lynch]]. |
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On the state level, Brockton is represented in three districts in the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]]: the Ninth Plymouth, Tenth Plymouth (which includes West Bridgewater and |
On the state level, Brockton is represented in three districts in the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]]: the Ninth Plymouth, Tenth Plymouth (which includes West Bridgewater and Precinct 1 of East Bridgewater), and the Eleventh Plymouth (which includes most of Easton). The city is represented in the [[Massachusetts Senate]] as a part of the Second Plymouth and Bristol district, which includes Halifax, Hanover, Hanson, Whitman and portions of East Bridgewater and Easton<ref>[http://www.mass.gov/legis/citytown.htm Index of Legislative Representation by City and Town] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115141/http://www.mass.gov/legis/citytown.htm |date=2007-09-29 }}, mass.gov; accessed April 16, 2014.</ref> |
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Brockton has a city government led by a [[mayor]] and [[city council]]. The city elects a mayor for two |
Brockton has a city government led by a [[mayor]] and [[city council]]. The [[List of mayors of Brockton, Massachusetts|city elects a mayor]] for two-year terms. Previous mayors include Winthrop H. Farwell Jr., John T. Yunits Jr., David Crosby, Carl Pitaro, Richard L. Wainwright, John E. Sullivan, Alvin Jack Sims, Joseph H. Downey and Paul Studenski. James Harrington was elected mayor in 2005 and began his term in January 2006. He was re-elected on November 6, 2007, for another two-year term. He had previously served 16 years as a City Councilor. In the fall of 2009, City Councilor Linda Balzotti defeated Harrington to become the city's first female mayor. Balzotti was defeated in 2013 by Bill Carpenter, who won the election by only 44 votes. After the unexpected death of Bill Carpenter on July 3, 2019, City Councillor President Moises Rodrigues become the acting Mayor. On July 15, 2019 Rodrigues was unanimously elected by the 11-person City Council to become the Mayor of Brockton.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/news/20190715/moises-rodrigues-becomes-brocktons-first-cape-verdean-mayor|title=Moises Rodrigues becomes Brockton's first Cape Verdean mayor|last=Larocque|first=Marc|date=July 15, 2019|website=The Enterprise|access-date=September 7, 2019}}</ref> Rodrigues became the first person of color to become Mayor of Brockton after serving six years on the Brockton city council. In 2009, community activist Jass Stewart was elected to councilor-at-large becoming the first African American to serve in Brockton's city council.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baystatebanner.com/2009/11/11/brocktons-stewart-makes-history-in-city-council-election/|title=Brockton's Stewart makes history in city council election|last=Thomas|first=John|date=November 11, 2009|website=Bay State Banner}}</ref> The city council consists of four Councilors-at-Large and seven ward Councilors, one for every ward in the city. As of January 2020, the mayor of Brockton is Robert F. Sullivan. |
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The city council consists of 4 Councilors-at-Large and 7 ward Councilors, one for every ward in the city. There is a central police station on Commercial Street, six fire stations, and three post offices (the main building, plus branches in Montello and Campello). The city supports three buildings within the Brockton Public Library system. The main library is a Carnegie building and is located at 304 Main Street, and there are two branch libraries. |
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{| class=wikitable |
{| class=wikitable |
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! colspan = 6 | |
! colspan = 6 |Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of November 24, 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/elections/download/research-and-statistics/enrollment_count_20241105.pdf}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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! colspan = 2 | Party |
! colspan = 2 | Party |
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! Number of Voters |
! Number of Voters |
||
! Percentage |
! Percentage |
||
|- |
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{{American politics/party colors/Democratic/row}} |
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| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}} |
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| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| align |
| style="text-align:center;"| 26,731 |
||
| align |
| style="text-align:center;"| 38.81% |
||
|- |
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{{American politics/party colors/Republican/row}} |
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| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}} |
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| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
||
| align |
| style="text-align:center;"| 3,524 |
||
| align |
| style="text-align:center;"| 5.12% |
||
|- |
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{{American politics/party colors/Independent/row}} |
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| {{party color cell|Libertarian Party (United States)}} |
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| Unaffiliated |
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| [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]] |
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| align = center | 20,726 |
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| align |
| style="text-align:center;"| 219 |
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| style="text-align:center;"| 0.32% |
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{{American politics/party colors/Libertarian/row}} |
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|- |
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| Minor Parties |
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| |
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| align = center | 408 |
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| Unenrolled |
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| align = center | 0.78% |
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| style="text-align:center;"| 37,767 |
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| style="text-align:center;"| 54.84% |
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|- |
|- |
||
! colspan = 2 | Total |
! colspan = 2 | Total |
||
! align |
! style="text-align:center;"| 68,872 |
||
! |
! style="text-align:center;"| 100% |
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|} |
|} |
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== |
==Education== |
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Brockton also has three hospitals, Signature Healthcare (formerly Brockton Hospital) on the east side, Caritas Good Samaritan Hospital to the northwest, and the Brockton [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|Veterans Administration]] Hospital to the southwest. The VA Hospital is the sponsoring institution for the [[Harvard]] South Shore Psychiatry program. It also serves as a teaching facility for residents of various medical specialties from [[Boston University]], [[physician assistant]] students from [[Northeastern University]], nursing students from the [[University of Massachusetts Boston]] and pharmacy students from the [[Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences]]. |
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== |
===Public schools=== |
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The Brockton Fire Department provides fire suppression, fire prevention, and rescue services, and has a Class 2 rating from [[Insurance Services Office]].<ref name="BFD">City of Brockton website - [http://www.brockton.ma.us/Section_Departments/Fire.cfm Fire Department]</ref> The city has 7 fire stations, 6 of which are currently operational and a frontline fire apparatus fleet of seven engines, three ladders, one rescue, and one tactical rescue. The fire department does not provide [[Emergency medical services|EMS services]]; ambulance coverage is handled by [[American Medical Response]].<ref name="AMR">American Medical Response website - [http://www.amr.net/company/locations.asp Locations]</ref> |
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Brockton operates its own school system for the city's approximately 17,000 students. There is an early education school (Barrett Russell), ten elementary schools (Angelo, Arnone, Baker, Brookfield, Downey, George, Gilmore, Hancock, John F. Kennedy and Raymond), the Davis K–8 school, six middle/junior high schools (North, East, West, South, Ashfield and the Plouffe Academy), [[Brockton High School]] and four alternative schools (Huntington, Edison, Champion and B.B. Russell). Brockton High School's athletics teams are called the Boxers (after the city's undefeated heavyweight boxing champion, [[Rocky Marciano]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/athlete/rocky-marciano|title=Rocky Marciano Biography|website=Biography|date=23 July 2020 }}</ref>). In February of 2024, Brockton High School entered the national spotlight following four district committee members requesting National Guard assistance via letter to the state’s Governor to deal with increasing levels of violence between students and security staffing shortages at the school, a request opposed by the Mayor of Brockton at the time.[https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/boston/news/brockton-national-guard-school-safety-proposal/] |
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In 1905, local newspapers recounted many heroic acts by Brockton firefighters during the [[Grover Shoe Factory disaster]].<ref name= "Canavan2">{{ cite web |
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|first= Derek A |
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|last= Canavan |
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|url= http://www.brocktonma.com/Grover%20DC1.html |
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|title = Remembering Brockton's Greatest Tragedy |
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|quote= The men of the Campello firehouse were heroes that day. As hundreds of workers and residents of the Campello neighborhood ran from the fire, the Campello firefighters charged into the inferno looking for workers whose cries for help were barely audible over the roar of the flames. }}</ref> |
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===Private schools=== |
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On March 10, 1941, thirteen Brockton firefighters lost their lives when the roof collapsed as they were fighting a fire at the Strand Theatre.<ref>{{ cite news |
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|first=Milton J |
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|last=Valencia |
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|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/05/04/a_memory_painful_and_indelible/ |
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|title=A memory painful and indelible |
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|publisher=''[[The Boston Globe]]'' |
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|quote=Outside, the flames roaring through the walls and ceiling were clearly visible. But to the firefighters inside, on the balcony, the flames were hidden. }}</ref> |
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That fire resulted in one of the worst firefighting tragedies in U. S. history. |
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Brockton was home to three parochial schools (Sacred Heart, Saint Casimir and Saint Edward) which merged in 2007 to form two schools. Trinity Lower Campus at the former Saint Edwards school site, and Trinity Upper Campus located on the former site of the Saint Colman's school, one Christian school (South Shore Christian and the Brockton Christian School closed in 2010), and [[Cardinal Spellman High School (Brockton, Massachusetts)|Cardinal Spellman High School]], a Catholic high school named for [[Francis Cardinal Spellman]], Brockton area native and former Archbishop of New York. Students may also choose to attend tuition-free Southeastern Regional Vocational Technical High School (in South Easton). {{citation needed|date=April 2014}} |
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==Police department== |
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The City of Brockton Police Department presently has 181 sworn members and 31 non-sworn employees. The officers are assigned to the Patrol Division, and Operations Division which includes; Detectives, Narcotics, Quality of Life, GREAT Program, Elderly Affairs, and Community Education Units |
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The Brockton Police Department answered over 125,000 calls for service in 1998. |
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===Higher education=== |
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==Education== |
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===Public schools=== |
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Brockton operates its own school system for the city's approximately 15,600 students. There are two early education schools (Howard and Keith), twelve elementary schools (Angelo, Arnone, Baker, Brookfield, Downey, George, Hancock, Huntington, John F. Kennedy, Plouffe, and Raymond), the Davis School (which is a K-8 school), five middle/junior high schools (North, East, West, South and the Gilmore Academy), [[Brockton High School]] and two alternative schools (Lincoln and B.B. Russell). The Ashfield School and Plouffe Schools are slated to become middle schools in the future, and the Raymond School will be a K-8 school next year. Brockton High's athletics teams are called the Boxers (after the city's undefeated heavyweight boxing champion, Rocky Marciano), their mascot is a [[Boxer (dog)|boxer dog]] and their colors are red and black. Brockton is known for its excellent athletics program, having won many state championships, as well as its facilities, including [[Campanelli Stadium]] (baseball) and [[Rocky Marciano Stadium]] (multi-purpose), the latter being a [[fieldturf]] stadium used for high school championship games. Brockton traditionally plays New Bedford High School and B.M.C. Durfee High School of Fall River as part of the "Big Three," representing the three largest cities in southeastern Massachusetts. Their traditional rival for [[Thanksgiving Day]] [[American football|football]] games is Waltham High School, although the school has played twelve different teams throughout its 106 years of playing on that day, including several out of state high school teams and, most frequently after Waltham, Weymouth high. |
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Brockton is the site of [[Massasoit Community College]] and offers Adult Studies/LEAD classes in Brockton.<ref name="satellite">{{cite news|title=ENC's Adult and Graduate Studies Program expands into satellite locations around the state|publisher=Nazarene Communications Network|date=December 18, 2008|url=http://www.ncnnews.com/nphweb/html/ncn/article.jsp?sid=10000013&id=10006683|access-date=2009-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223132025/http://www.ncnnews.com/nphweb/html/ncn/article.jsp?sid=10000013&id=10006683|archive-date=2008-12-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Fisher College]] also has a campus in Brockton. The Brockton VA Hospital offers classes and apprenticeships to medical students from [[Fisher College]], [[Harvard University]], [[Boston University]], [[Northeastern University]], [[University of Massachusetts Boston]], and [[Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences]]. Additionally, the city also has a campus for the National College of Technical Instruction. [[Porter and Chester Institute]] also has a campus in Brockton. Brockton is also home to the Brockton Hospital School of Nursing as well as the Monna Bari Medical School. |
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The Brockton High School Marching Band, Wind Ensemble, Jazz Band and Choruses have won numerous awards for their performances in various competitions throughout the country. |
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==Infrastructure== |
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===Private schools=== |
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===Transportation=== |
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Brockton was also home to three parochial schools (Sacred Heart, Saint Casimir and Saint Edward) which merged in 2007 to form two schools. Trinity Lower Campus at the former Saint Edwards school site, and Trinity Upper Campus located on the former site of the Saint Colemans school, two Christian schools (Brockton Christian and South Shore Christian), and [[Cardinal Spellman High School]], a Catholic high school named for Cardinal [[Francis Spellman]], Brockton area native and former Archbishop of New York. There is also a charter high school, Champion Charter School. Students may also choose to attend [[Southeastern Regional Vocational Technical High School]] in South Easton free of charge. |
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====Major highways==== |
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[[Massachusetts Route 24]], a six-lane divided motorway, passes through the west side of the city, with exits at [[Massachusetts Route 27|Route 27]] to the north and [[Route 123 (Massachusetts)|Route 123]] to the south. The two routes pass through the center of the city, crossing at that point. [[Massachusetts Route 28]] passes from north to south through the center of the city, The western end of [[Route 14 (Massachusetts)|Route 14]] (at its intersection with Route 27) and the southern end of [[Route 37 (Massachusetts)|Route 37]] (at its intersection with Route 28) both are in the city. |
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=== |
====Bus==== |
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Brockton has its own bus services, operated by the [[Brockton Area Transit Authority]] (BAT). Each bus has a designated route running through a section of Brockton, i.e. Montello, Campello, Cary Hill, etc. There are also buses that have routes outside the city, i.e., Bridgewater Industrial Park, Ashmont Station ([[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|MBTA]] subway end-of-line), Stoughton and a connecting [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority#Services|bus]] stop in Montello to the Braintree Station ([[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|MBTA]] subway end-of-line). |
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Brockton is the site of [[Massasoit Community College]] and [[Sullivan and Cogliano Training Centers]]. The [[Eastern Nazarene College]] offers Adult Studies/LEAD classes in Brockton.<ref name="satellite">{{cite news |
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| last = |
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| first = |
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| coauthors = |
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| title = ENC's Adult and Graduate Studies Program expands into satellite locations around the state |
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| work = |
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| pages = |
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| language = |
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| publisher = Nazarene Communications Network |
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| date = December 18, 2008 |
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| url = http://www.ncnnews.com/nphweb/html/ncn/article.jsp?sid=10000013&id=10006683 |
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| accessdate = }}</ref> |
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Lincoln Tech is also located in Brockton. |
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== |
====Rail==== |
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The [[Middleborough/Lakeville Line]] of the [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|MBTA's]] [[MBTA Commuter Rail|commuter rail system]] bisects the city running north-south, with stops in the [[Montello (MBTA station)|Montello]] and [[Campello (MBTA station)|Campello]] neighborhoods, as well as in the [[Brockton (MBTA station)|city center]], providing service to points south and [[South Station (Boston)|South Station]] in Boston north of the city. |
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===Major highways=== |
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[[Massachusetts Route 24]], a six-lane divided freeway, passes through the west side of the city, with exits at [[Massachusetts Route 27|Route 27]] to the north and [[Route 123 (Massachusetts)|Route 123]] to the south. The two routes pass through the center of the city, crossing at that point. [[Massachusetts Route 28]] passes from north to south through the center of the city, The western end of [[Route 14 (Massachusetts)|Route 14]] (at its intersection with Route 27) and the southern end of [[Route 37 (Massachusetts)|Route 37]] (at its intersection with Route 28) both are in the city. |
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=== |
===Healthcare=== |
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Brockton has its own bus services, operated by the [[Brockton Area Transit Authority]] (BAT). Each bus has a designated route running through a section of Brockton, i.e. Montello, Campello, Cary Hill, etc. There are also buses that have routes outside the city. i.e. Bridgewater Industrial Park, Ashmont Station, Stoughton. Montello Station is the destination of [[MBTA]] bus #230. |
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Brockton has three hospitals: [[Brockton Hospital|Signature Healthcare Brockton Hospital]] on the east side, [[Good Samaritan Medical Center (Brockton)|Good Samaritan Medical Center]]—a Steward Family Hospital (formerly Caritas Good Samaritan, and before that Cardinal Cushing) Hospital to the northwest, and the Brockton [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|Veterans Administration]] Hospital to the southwest. The VA Hospital is the sponsoring institution for the [[Harvard]] South Shore Psychiatry program. It serves as a teaching facility for students of various medical specialties from [[Boston University]], [[physician assistant]] students from [[Northeastern University]], nursing students from the [[University of Massachusetts Boston]] and physician assistant and pharmacy students from the [[Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences]]. {{citation needed|date=April 2014}} |
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===Rail=== |
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The [[Middleborough/Lakeville Line]] line of the [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|MBTA's]] commuter line passes through the city on the eastern side, with stops in the [[Montello (MBTA station)|Montello]] and [[Campello (MBTA station)|Campello]] neighborhoods, as well as in the [[Brockton (MBTA station)|city center]], providing service to points south and [[South Station (Boston)|South Station]] in Boston north of the city. |
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Brockton has a community health center that serves individuals with low income and poor access to health care at Brockton Neighborhood Health Center.<ref>[http://www.bnhc.org/main.html Brockton Neighborhood Health Center website]; accessed April 16, 2014.</ref> |
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==National Historic Places and points of interest== |
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[[Image:DelanoBrockton.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Headlines posted in street-corner window of newspaper office (Brockton Enterprise), 60 Main Street, Brockton, Massachusetts, December 1940]] |
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[[File:Children in the tenement district, Brockton, Mass.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Children in the tenement district, December 1940]] |
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{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} |
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Asiaf Skating Rink<br/> |
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[[Audubon Society|Audubon]] Conservation Area<br /> |
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Battle of East Brockton<br /> |
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[[Brockton City Hall]]<br /> |
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[[Brockton Edison Electric Illuminating Company Power Station]]<br /> |
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Brockton Fair<br /> |
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Brockton Fire Museum<br /> |
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[[Campanelli Stadium]]<br /> |
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[[Central Fire Station (Brockton, Massachusetts)|Central Fire Station]]<br /> |
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[[Curtis Building]]<br /> |
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[[Dr. Edgar Everett Dean House]]<br /> |
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[[D.W. Field Park]]<br /> |
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D.W. Field Golf Course<br/> |
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[[Forest Avenue School]]<br /> |
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[[Franklin Block]]<br /> |
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Fuller Craft Museum<br /> |
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[[Gardner J. Kingman House]]<br /> |
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[[Goldthwaite Block]]<br /> |
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[[Howard Block]]<br /> |
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[[Lyman Block]]<br /> |
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Main Library<br/> |
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[http://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/21040?show=full Manning Pool]<br /> |
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[[Moses Packard House]]<br /> |
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[[Old Post Office Building (Brockton, Massachusetts)|Old Post Office Building]]<br /> |
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Petronelli Way<br /> |
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[[Rocky Marciano]] Park<br /> |
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[[Sacco & Vanzetti]] Museum<br /> |
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Shoe Museum<br /> |
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[[Snow Fountain and Clock]]<br /> |
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[[South Street Historic District (Brockton, Massachusetts)|South Street Historic District]]<br /> |
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Thorny Lea Golf Club<br /> |
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West Gate Lanes<br /> |
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West Gate Mall<br /> |
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The YMCA |
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== |
===Fire department=== |
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[[File:Central Fire Station, Brockton MA.jpg|thumb|Central Fire Station]] |
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The city of Brockton is protected around the clock by 174 paid, professional firefighters of the city of Brockton Fire Department. The Brockton Fire Department currently operates out of six fire stations, located throughout the city, and maintains a fire apparatus fleet of five engines, three ladders, one squad, one tactical rescue unit and several other special, support, and reserve units. The fire department does not provide [[Emergency medical services|EMS services]]; ambulance coverage is currently contracted to Brewster Ambulance Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/news/2015/05/25/brockton-ambulance-contract-political-hornet/34484540007/|title=Brockton ambulance contract a political hornet's nest|access-date=2023-05-22}}</ref> |
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In 1905, local newspapers recounted many heroic acts by Brockton firefighters during the [[Grover Shoe Factory disaster]].<ref name="Canavan2">{{cite web|first=Derek A.|last=Canavan|url=http://www.brocktonma.com/Grover%20DC1.html|title=Remembering Brockton's Greatest Tragedy|quote=The men of the Campello firehouse were heroes that day. As hundreds of workers and residents of the Campello neighborhood ran from the fire, the Campello firefighters charged into the inferno looking for workers whose cries for help were barely audible over the roar of the flames.}}</ref> On March 10, 1941, thirteen Brockton firefighters died when the roof collapsed as they were fighting a [[Strand Theatre fire|fire at the Strand Theatre]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Milton J.|last=Valencia|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/05/04/a_memory_painful_and_indelible|title=A memory painful and indelible|work=The Boston Globe|quote=Outside, the flames roaring through the walls and ceiling were clearly visible. But to the firefighters inside, on the balcony, the flames were hidden.|date=May 4, 2008}}</ref> That fire resulted in [[List of the deadliest firefighter disasters in the United States|one of the worst firefighting tragedies in American history]]. |
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===Law enforcement=== |
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The City of Brockton Police Department has roughly 181 sworn members and 31 non-sworn employees. The officers are assigned to the Patrol Division, and Operations Division which includes; Detectives, Narcotics, Gang Unit, Special Weapons And Tactics, K-9, Quality of Life, GREAT Program, Elderly Affairs, and Community Education Units.<ref>[http://www.brocktonpolice.com Brockton Police Department website]; accessed April 16, 2014.</ref> In addition, the city is patrolled by the Fourth (Middleborough) Barracks of Troop D of the [[Massachusetts State Police]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=eopsterminal&L=5&L0=Home&L1=Law+Enforcement+&+Criminal+Justice&L2=Law+Enforcement&L3=State+Police+Troops&L4=Troop+D&sid=Eeops&b=terminalcontent&f=msp_divisions_field_services_troops_troop_d_msp_field_troop_d_station_d4&csid=Eeops|title=Mass.gov|website=Mass.gov}}</ref> Brockton also has several citizen anti-crime groups, including the Guardian Angels and Operation Archangel. |
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==Notable people== |
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<!--- Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ---> |
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{{div col}} |
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* [[Kristian Alfonso]], actress |
* [[Kristian Alfonso]], actress |
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* [[Jo Baker (singer)|Jo Baker]], singer and songwriter; niece of Mary E. Baker |
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* [[Mary E. Baker]], first African-American to work at Brockton City Hall; civic leader<ref name=Enterprise>Uncredited, [http://www.enterprisenews.com/x785864366/Shaping-our-lives Six notable African-Americans with ties to the Brockton area]. ''[[The Enterprise (Brockton)|The Enterprise]]'', February 7, 2010. Retrieved 2017-02-03.</ref> |
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* [[Steve Balboni]], professional baseball player |
* [[Steve Balboni]], professional baseball player |
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* [[Ronnie Bardah]], professional poker player and ''[[Survivor: Island of the Idols]]'' contestant |
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* [[Chris Bender]], R&B singer |
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* [[Darius Bazley]], Professional NBA Basketball |
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* [[Chris Bender (singer)|Chris Bender]], R&B singer |
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* [[Bumpy Bumpus]], [[sprint car]] racer |
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* [[Alfred Campanelli]], businessman |
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* [[Andrew Card]], politician |
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* [[John Cariani]], actor, playwright |
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* [[Patrick Condon]], author and professor of urban design |
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* [[Robert Cottle]], television personality |
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* [[Jim Corbett (American football)|Jim Corbett]], NFL player |
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* [[William Damon]], psychologist and author |
* [[William Damon]], psychologist and author |
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* [[Al Davis]], |
* [[Al Davis]], owned [[Oakland Raiders]] |
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* [[John Doucette]], |
* [[John Doucette]], actor |
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* [[Levi Lewis Dorr]], American Civil War veteran and physician |
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* [[John M. Dowd]], lawyer |
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* [[Bonnie Dumanis]], District Attorney of San Diego County |
* [[Bonnie Dumanis]], District Attorney of San Diego County |
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* [[AJ Dybantsa]], basketball player |
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* [[James Edgar (entrepreneur)|James Edgar]], first department store Santa |
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* [[Shawn Fanning]], creator of [[Napster]] |
* [[Shawn Fanning]], creator of [[Napster]] |
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* [[Kenneth Feinberg]], attorney |
* [[Kenneth Feinberg]], attorney |
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* [[George Wilton Field]], marine biologist |
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* Mike Gordon, catcher for the [[Chicago Cubs]] in 1977 and 1978 |
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* [[Keith Gill (investor)|Keith Gill]], stock investor |
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* [[Scott Gordon]], former professional hockey player and current head coach of the [[New York Islanders]] |
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* [[Edward Gilmore]], first Democrat elected to US Congress from Plymouth County |
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* [[Noel Gourdin]], [[Neo-soul]] singer |
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* [[Brian Gordon (cartoonist)|Brian Gordon]], cartoonist known for ''Fowl Language'' |
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* [[Marvelous Marvin Hagler]], middleweight boxing champion of the world |
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* [[Scott Gordon (ice hockey)|Scott Gordon]], professional hockey player, head coach of [[New York Islanders]] |
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* [[Noel Gourdin]], singer |
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* [[Marvin Hagler]], professional middleweight boxing champion |
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* [[Pooch Hall]], actor |
* [[Pooch Hall]], actor |
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* [[Rudy Harris]], professional football player |
* [[Rudy Harris]], professional football player |
||
* [[Josephine Hasham]], women's professional baseball player |
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* [[Josh Hennessy]], professional hockey player |
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* [[George V. Higgins]], author |
* [[George V. Higgins]], author |
||
* [[Pete Hughes]], college baseball coach |
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* [[George Hurley]], drummer for punk rock band [[Minutemen (band)|Minutemen]] |
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* [[David Hungerford]] (1927–1993), geneticist, co-discoverer of Philadelphia chromosome |
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* [[Ken MacAfee]], professional football player, finished 3rd in [[Heisman]] at [[University of Notre Dame|Notre Dame]] |
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* [[George Hurley]], musician |
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* [[Jim Mann]], professional baseball player |
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* [[Megan Khang]], professional golfer<ref>{{cite web | last = Filing | first = Jane | title = Rising LPGA Star Megan Khang | date = August 2019 | publisher = Womansgolf.com | url = https://www.womensgolf.com/lpga-player-megan-khang | access-date = August 22, 2020}}</ref> |
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* [[Rocky Marciano]], undefeated heavyweight boxing champion of the world |
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* [[Al Louis-Jean]], NFL player |
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* [[Bill McGunnigle]], inventor of the [[baseball glove]] |
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* [[Joe Lauzon]], professional MMA fighter |
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* [[George N. Leighton]], United States court judge |
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* [[Jimmy Luxury]], musician |
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* [[Ken MacAfee]], professional football player |
|||
* [[Jim Mann (baseball)|Jim Mann]], professional baseball player |
|||
* [[Rocky Marciano]], undefeated heavyweight boxing champion |
|||
*[[Bill McGunnigle]], inventor of the [[baseball glove]] |
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* [[Greg McMurtry]], professional football player |
* [[Greg McMurtry]], professional football player |
||
* [[Arthur Mercante]], boxing referee |
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* [[Christy Mihos]], [[entrepreneur]] & [[politician]] |
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* [[Christy Mihos]], entrepreneur, politician |
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* [[Jared C. Monti]], Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in Afghanistan |
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* [[Ed Nelson (basketball)|Ed Nelson]], professional basketball player |
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* [[Sean Newcomb]], professional baseball player |
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* [[Aaron O'Brien]], five time champion softball player |
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* [[Leo Paquin]], football player at [[Fordham University]] |
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* [[Goody Petronelli]], boxing trainer |
* [[Goody Petronelli]], boxing trainer |
||
* [[ |
* [[Cory Quirk]], professional hockey player |
||
* [[Jodie Rivera]], online personality |
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* [[Robert Skaltsis]], professional musician |
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* [[Evelyn Scott (actress)|Evelyn Scott]], actress |
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* [[Robbie Sims]], middleweight boxer |
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* [[Kevin Stevens]], professional hockey player |
* [[Kevin Stevens]], professional hockey player |
||
* [[Jason Vega]], professional football player |
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* Dr. [[Wyatt Tee Walker]] (1929- ), leader in the [[civil rights movement]] |
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* [[Wyatt Tee Walker]], civil rights leader |
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* [[Dave Wedge]], journalist for [[Boston Herald]] |
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* [[Dave Wedge]], author, journalist |
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* [[Art Whitney]], professional baseball player |
* [[Art Whitney]], professional baseball player |
||
* [[Herbert Warren Wind]], writer |
* [[Herbert Warren Wind]], writer |
||
{{div col end}} |
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* [[VenetianPrincess]], [[YouTube]] celebrity/ singer |
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== |
==Awards== |
||
Brockton was named one of the 100 Best Communities for Young People in the United States in 2005, 2008, 2010, and 2011 by the [[America's Promise Alliance]].<ref>[http://www.americaspromise.org/Our-Work/Community-Action/100-Best-Communities/2010-Winners/Brockton-MA.aspx America's Promise Alliance 100 Best Communities for Young People (2010)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524162020/http://www.americaspromise.org/Our-Work/Community-Action/100-Best-Communities/2010-Winners/Brockton-MA.aspx |date=2011-05-24 }}; accessed April 16, 2014.</ref> |
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* [[Brockton Brightfield]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
{{Commons category|Brockton, Massachusetts}} |
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{{EB1911 poster|Brockton}} |
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* [ |
* [https://brockton.ma.us/ City of Brockton official website] |
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* [http://www.brocktonpubliclibrary.org/ Brockton Public Library] |
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* [http://www.brocktonhistoricalsociety.org/ Brockton Historical Society & Museum] |
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* [http://www.brocktonpolice.com/ Brockton Police Department] |
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* [http://www.ridebat.com/ Brockton Area Transit Authority] |
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* [http://www.ccbrockton.org/ Community Connections of Brockton] |
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* [http://www.inbrockton.com/ inBrockton.com] |
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* [http://freepages.books.rootsweb.com/~blackwell/ma/BridgewaterNorth/chap1.html/ History of North Bridgewater] |
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* [http://www.brocktonfair.com/ Brockton Fair] |
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{{Plymouth County, Massachusetts}} |
{{Plymouth County, Massachusetts}} |
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{{Massachusetts}} |
{{Massachusetts}} |
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{{Greater Boston}} |
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{{Northeast Megalopolis}} |
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{{Massachusetts county seats}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Brockton, Massachusetts| ]] |
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[[Category:Brockton, Massachusetts]] |
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[[Category:Cities in Massachusetts]] |
[[Category:Cities in Massachusetts]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Cities in Plymouth County, Massachusetts]] |
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[[Category:Cape Verdean American history]] |
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[[Category:County seats in Massachusetts]] |
[[Category:County seats in Massachusetts]] |
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[[Category:Populated places established in 1700]] |
[[Category:Populated places established in 1700]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1700 establishments in the Province of Massachusetts Bay]] |
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[[ca:Brockton (Massachusetts)]] |
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[[de:Brockton (Massachusetts)]] |
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[[zh:布罗克顿 (马萨诸塞州)]] |
Latest revision as of 00:04, 30 December 2024
Brockton, Massachusetts | |
---|---|
Nickname: The City of Champions | |
Motto(s): "Education, Industry, Progress" | |
Coordinates: 42°05′00″N 71°01′08″W / 42.08333°N 71.01889°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Massachusetts |
County | Plymouth |
Settled | 1700 |
Incorporated (town) | 1821 |
Incorporated (city) | 1881 |
Government | |
• Type | Strong mayor/council |
• Mayor | Robert F. Sullivan |
Area | |
• Total | 21.52 sq mi (55.73 km2) |
• Land | 21.33 sq mi (55.25 km2) |
• Water | 0.18 sq mi (0.48 km2) |
Elevation | 112 ft (34 m) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 105,643 |
• Density | 4,952.09/sq mi (1,912.05/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (Eastern) |
ZIP Codes | 02301–02305 |
Area code | 508/774 |
FIPS code | 25-09000 |
GNIS feature ID | 0617571 |
Website | www |
Brockton is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States; the population was 105,643 at the 2020 United States census. Along with Plymouth, it is one of the two county seats of Plymouth County.[2] It is the sixth-largest city in Massachusetts and is sometimes referred to as the "City of Champions", due to the success of native boxers Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler, as well as its successful Brockton High School sports programs. Two villages within it are Montello and Campello, both of which have MBTA Commuter Rail Stations and post offices. Campello is the smallest neighborhood, but also the most populous. Brockton hosts a baseball team, the Brockton Rox. It is the second-windiest city in the United States, with an average wind speed of 14.3 mph (23.0 km/h).[3]
History
[edit]In 1649, Ousamequin (Massasoit) sold the surrounding Wampanoag land—then known as Saughtucket—to Myles Standish as an addition to Duxbury.[4] Brockton was part of this area, which the English renamed Bridgewater. On June 15, 1821, a portion of the then Bridgewater Township was established as North Bridgewater.[5] Brockton is named after Isaac Brock. He was the British commanding general at Queenston Heights—the first major battle of the War of 1812—where invading American troops retreated in defeat. Because Brock was a loyalist, naming the town after him was a subject of contention among its colonial residents. Ultimately, it was given the name Brockton in 1874, and officially became a city on April 9, 1881.
Brockton was a stop on the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses that helped enslaved people escape to freedom in the North and Canada.[6] Famous abolitionist Frederick Douglass, spoke to a crowd at the Liberty Tree in Brockton during the pre-Civil War period.[7] During the American Civil War, Brockton was America's largest producer of shoes, and until the latter parts of the 20th century, Brockton had a large shoe and leather products industry.[8]
Since the company's 1898 founding, Brockton has been the headquarters city of office supplies retailer W.B. Mason, itself founded to provide those supplies to the city's shoe industry. The city's economy was once based on the shoe industry, but it has since diversified to include other industries such as healthcare, education, and manufacturing. Brockton has faced a number of challenges, including poverty, crime, and regional and local racial segregation.[9] Despite these challenges, the city has made progress in recent years,[9] particularly in the development of its downtown area, by highlighting its diversity and rich history, and working toward a more welcoming atmosphere for businesses and residents.[10]
-
Brockton station on a 1906 postcard
-
Oldest house in 1910
-
Main Street c. 1910
-
Shoe factory in 1910
Historical firsts
[edit]World firsts
[edit]- On October 1, 1883, Brockton became the first place in the world to have a three-wire underground electrical system when Thomas Edison threw a switch to activate it.[11]
- The City Theater opened on October 24, 1894, the first theater in the world to be tied into the three-wire electrical system.
US firsts
[edit]- On December 30, 1884, the first electrically operated fire station in the United States opened in Brockton.
- The department store Santa Claus appeared in Brockton in December 1890, when James Edgar, of Edgar's Department Store, suited up for the first time.[12]
- Brockton became the first city in the country to abolish grade crossings in 1896.
- In 2020, Brockton became the first city in New England with a majority-Black population. Brockton's new majority-Black population is expected to have a positive impact on the city's culture, economy, and politics.[13]
World records
[edit]- On November 23, 2010, Brockton set the world record for the most Santa Hat wearers in one place at one time, with 872 people participating in the event.[14]
- On November 20, 2011, Brockton doubled the city's Santa Claus hat-wearing record with 1792 people in downtown Brockton wearing Santa hats.[15]
Geography
[edit]According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 21.6 square miles (56 km2), of which 21.5 square miles (56 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.56%) is water. Brockton is the 162nd largest city by land area in the Commonwealth, and the twelfth largest of the twenty-seven towns in Plymouth County. Bordered by Avon to the north, Holbrook to the northeast, Abington to the northeast, Whitman and East Bridgewater to the southeast, West Bridgewater to the south, and Easton to the west. Brockton is approximately 25 miles south of Boston, and 30 miles northeast of Providence, Rhode Island.
Brockton is mostly an urban setting, lying along the Salisbury Plain River, which once powered the many shoe factories of the city. To the northeast lies the Beaver Brook Conservation Land, attached to the southern end of the Ames Nowell State Park in Abington. There are several parks throughout the city, but the largest is D.W. Field Park, an Olmsted-inspired park which includes ponds, Waldo Lake and Brockton Reservoir in Avon, as well as a golf course.
Climate
[edit]According to the Köppen climate classification, Brockton has either a hot-summer humid continental climate (abbreviated Dfa), or a hot-summer humid sub-tropical climate (abbreviated Cfa), depending on the isotherm used.
Climate data for Brockton, Massachusetts, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1894–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 71 (22) |
72 (22) |
88 (31) |
95 (35) |
97 (36) |
101 (38) |
103 (39) |
104 (40) |
100 (38) |
89 (32) |
82 (28) |
78 (26) |
104 (40) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 59.7 (15.4) |
59.3 (15.2) |
67.8 (19.9) |
79.9 (26.6) |
88.7 (31.5) |
92.4 (33.6) |
95.1 (35.1) |
93.4 (34.1) |
88.7 (31.5) |
79.9 (26.6) |
70.6 (21.4) |
62.4 (16.9) |
97.0 (36.1) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38.7 (3.7) |
40.8 (4.9) |
48.0 (8.9) |
59.0 (15.0) |
69.7 (20.9) |
78.3 (25.7) |
84.2 (29.0) |
82.9 (28.3) |
75.3 (24.1) |
64.0 (17.8) |
53.5 (11.9) |
43.7 (6.5) |
61.5 (16.4) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 29.6 (−1.3) |
31.4 (−0.3) |
38.3 (3.5) |
48.5 (9.2) |
58.5 (14.7) |
67.7 (19.8) |
73.8 (23.2) |
72.4 (22.4) |
64.8 (18.2) |
53.5 (11.9) |
43.8 (6.6) |
35.0 (1.7) |
51.4 (10.8) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 20.6 (−6.3) |
22.0 (−5.6) |
28.7 (−1.8) |
38.0 (3.3) |
47.4 (8.6) |
57.1 (13.9) |
63.4 (17.4) |
62.0 (16.7) |
54.2 (12.3) |
43.0 (6.1) |
34.2 (1.2) |
26.4 (−3.1) |
41.4 (5.2) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 0.2 (−17.7) |
3.8 (−15.7) |
11.2 (−11.6) |
25.2 (−3.8) |
33.7 (0.9) |
43.5 (6.4) |
51.4 (10.8) |
49.2 (9.6) |
38.1 (3.4) |
27.6 (−2.4) |
18.7 (−7.4) |
8.9 (−12.8) |
−1.8 (−18.8) |
Record low °F (°C) | −18 (−28) |
−19 (−28) |
−5 (−21) |
13 (−11) |
25 (−4) |
35 (2) |
40 (4) |
37 (3) |
27 (−3) |
13 (−11) |
3 (−16) |
−16 (−27) |
−19 (−28) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 4.02 (102) |
3.62 (92) |
5.23 (133) |
4.53 (115) |
3.44 (87) |
4.13 (105) |
3.17 (81) |
3.60 (91) |
4.08 (104) |
4.96 (126) |
4.39 (112) |
5.06 (129) |
50.23 (1,277) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 9.1 (23) |
12.8 (33) |
6.9 (18) |
0.7 (1.8) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.2 (0.51) |
4.5 (11) |
34.3 (87.56) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.0 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 12.8 | 11.4 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 133.3 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 7.7 |
Source 1: NOAA[16] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: National Weather Service[17] |
Demographics
[edit]Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1830 | 1,953 | — |
1840 | 2,616 | +33.9% |
1850 | 3,939 | +50.6% |
1860 | 6,584 | +67.1% |
1870 | 8,007 | +21.6% |
1880 | 13,608 | +70.0% |
1890 | 27,294 | +100.6% |
1900 | 40,063 | +46.8% |
1910 | 56,878 | +42.0% |
1920 | 66,254 | +16.5% |
1930 | 63,797 | −3.7% |
1940 | 62,343 | −2.3% |
1950 | 62,860 | +0.8% |
1960 | 72,813 | +15.8% |
1970 | 89,040 | +22.3% |
1980 | 95,172 | +6.9% |
1990 | 92,788 | −2.5% |
2000 | 94,304 | +1.6% |
2010 | 93,810 | −0.5% |
2020 | 105,643 | +12.6% |
2023* | 104,890 | −0.7% |
* = population estimate. Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data.[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Source: U.S. Decennial Census[30] |
2020 census
[edit]Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[31] | Pop 2010[32] | Pop 2020[33] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White (NH) | 54,902 | 40,268 | 29,392 | 58.22% | 42.93% | 27.82% |
Black or African American (NH) | 15,913 | 27,939 | 35,656 | 16.87% | 29.78% | 33.75% |
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 276 | 253 | 232 | 0.29% | 0.27% | 0.22% |
Asian (NH) | 2,044 | 2,131 | 2,243 | 2.17% | 2.27% | 2.12% |
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian (NH) | 27 | 37 | 28 | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.03% |
Some other race (NH) | 6,971 | 8,329 | 7,315 | 7.39% | 8.88% | 6.92% |
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 6,619 | 5,496 | 18,015 | 7.02% | 5.86% | 17.05% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 7,552 | 9,357 | 12,762 | 8.01% | 9.97% | 12.08% |
Total | 94,304 | 93,810 | 105,643 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the census[34] of 2020, there were 105,643 people, 31,440 households, and about 3.04 people living in each household, and about an average family size of 3.59. The population density was 4,486.3 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city treating Hispanics as if a separate race was 27.8% White, 33.8% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.1% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 6.9% other race; 17.1% Mixed race or Multiracial, and 12.1% Hispanic or Latino of any race. The African-American population in Brockton has grown significantly since the beginning of the early 2000s.
Brockton has one of the largest population of Cape Verdean ancestry in the United States. Per the 2023 American Community Survey five-year estimates, the Cape Verdean American population was 16,753 or approximately 16% of the population.[35] Brockton also has a significant Angolan American community.[36]
Statistically, Brockton is the most populous and most densely populated community in Plymouth County. It is the sixth largest community in the commonwealth. However, it is only the twenty-seventh most densely populated community in the Commonwealth. [citation needed]
As of 2010, there were 33,675 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 19.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males.
As of 2018, the median income for a household in Brockton is $55,140. Males have an average income of $41,093 versus $35,145 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,163. The poverty rate in Brockton is 15.61% of the population. Notably by race, 23.55% of Hispanics were in poverty, while the Black population of Brockton had about 18.61% of its population living in poverty.
Income
[edit]Data is from the 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.[37][38][39]
Rank | ZIP Code (ZCTA) | Per capita income |
Median household income |
Median family income |
Population | Number of households |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Massachusetts | $35,763 | $66,866 | $84,900 | 6,605,058 | 2,530,147 | |
Plymouth County | $35,220 | $75,092 | $90,431 | 497,386 | 179,617 | |
United States | $28,155 | $53,046 | $64,719 | 311,536,594 | 115,610,216 | |
1 | 02301 (West Brockton) | $22,728 | $61,060 | $65,914 | 34,929 | 11,516 |
Brockton | $21,942 | $49,025 | $57,773 | 93,911 | 32,856 | |
2 | 02302 (East Brockton) | $21,477 | $44,144 | $53,080 | 58,982 | 21,340 |
Arts and culture
[edit]Music
[edit]Brockton is home to the Brockton Symphony Orchestra, a community orchestra founded in 1948.[40][41] The orchestra performs five or six concerts per season at local venues such as Brockton's West Middle School Auditorium and the Oliver Ames Auditorium in the neighboring town of Easton. The orchestra comprises 65 musicians from the greater Brockton area and its musical director since 2007 is James Orent, a guest conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra and Boston Pops.[42][43]
Festivals
[edit]- Brockton Summer Concert Series[44]
- Downtown Brockton Arts and Music Festival – End of August annually[45][46]
- Towerfest – Columbus Day Weekend annually [47]
- Greek Festival – Third week of September
- Veterans Day Parade annually
- Holiday Parade – Late November annually
- The Cape Verdean Festival – Last Sunday in July[48]
Library
[edit]The city supports three buildings within the Brockton Public Library system. The main library is a Carnegie building.[49]
Notable sites
[edit]- Brockton Airport – formerly, now the South Side Shopping Center
- Fuller Craft Museum
- Westgate Mall
Sites listed on National Register of Historic Places
[edit]- Brockton City Hall
- Brockton Edison Electric Illuminating Company Power Station
- Central Fire Station
- Curtis Building
- Dr. Edgar Everett Dean House
- D.W. Field Park
- Forest Avenue School
- Franklin Block
- Gardner J. Kingman House
- Goldthwaite Block
- Howard Block
- Lyman Block
- Moses Packard House
- Old Post Office Building
- Snow Fountain and Clock
- South Street Historic District
Sports
[edit]Based at Campanelli Stadium, the Brockton Rox play in the Futures Collegiate Baseball League (FCBL). From 2003 through 2011, the team was a member of the independent professional Can-Am League, then in 2012 joined the amateur FCBL.[50] Collegiate players on FCBL teams, who are looking for more experience and scouting exposure, are offered non-paid playing opportunities. The New England Knockouts, a professional baseball team of the Frontier League, begin play in 2024, also using Campanelli Stadium.[51]
Government
[edit]On the national level, Brockton is a part of Massachusetts's 8th congressional district, and has been represented since January 2013 by Stephen Lynch.
On the state level, Brockton is represented in three districts in the Massachusetts House of Representatives: the Ninth Plymouth, Tenth Plymouth (which includes West Bridgewater and Precinct 1 of East Bridgewater), and the Eleventh Plymouth (which includes most of Easton). The city is represented in the Massachusetts Senate as a part of the Second Plymouth and Bristol district, which includes Halifax, Hanover, Hanson, Whitman and portions of East Bridgewater and Easton[52]
Brockton has a city government led by a mayor and city council. The city elects a mayor for two-year terms. Previous mayors include Winthrop H. Farwell Jr., John T. Yunits Jr., David Crosby, Carl Pitaro, Richard L. Wainwright, John E. Sullivan, Alvin Jack Sims, Joseph H. Downey and Paul Studenski. James Harrington was elected mayor in 2005 and began his term in January 2006. He was re-elected on November 6, 2007, for another two-year term. He had previously served 16 years as a City Councilor. In the fall of 2009, City Councilor Linda Balzotti defeated Harrington to become the city's first female mayor. Balzotti was defeated in 2013 by Bill Carpenter, who won the election by only 44 votes. After the unexpected death of Bill Carpenter on July 3, 2019, City Councillor President Moises Rodrigues become the acting Mayor. On July 15, 2019 Rodrigues was unanimously elected by the 11-person City Council to become the Mayor of Brockton.[53] Rodrigues became the first person of color to become Mayor of Brockton after serving six years on the Brockton city council. In 2009, community activist Jass Stewart was elected to councilor-at-large becoming the first African American to serve in Brockton's city council.[54] The city council consists of four Councilors-at-Large and seven ward Councilors, one for every ward in the city. As of January 2020, the mayor of Brockton is Robert F. Sullivan.
Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of November 24, 2024[55] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Number of Voters | Percentage | |||
Democratic | 26,731 | 38.81% | |||
Republican | 3,524 | 5.12% | |||
Libertarian | 219 | 0.32% | |||
Unenrolled | 37,767 | 54.84% | |||
Total | 68,872 | 100% |
Education
[edit]Public schools
[edit]Brockton operates its own school system for the city's approximately 17,000 students. There is an early education school (Barrett Russell), ten elementary schools (Angelo, Arnone, Baker, Brookfield, Downey, George, Gilmore, Hancock, John F. Kennedy and Raymond), the Davis K–8 school, six middle/junior high schools (North, East, West, South, Ashfield and the Plouffe Academy), Brockton High School and four alternative schools (Huntington, Edison, Champion and B.B. Russell). Brockton High School's athletics teams are called the Boxers (after the city's undefeated heavyweight boxing champion, Rocky Marciano[56]). In February of 2024, Brockton High School entered the national spotlight following four district committee members requesting National Guard assistance via letter to the state’s Governor to deal with increasing levels of violence between students and security staffing shortages at the school, a request opposed by the Mayor of Brockton at the time.[1]
Private schools
[edit]Brockton was home to three parochial schools (Sacred Heart, Saint Casimir and Saint Edward) which merged in 2007 to form two schools. Trinity Lower Campus at the former Saint Edwards school site, and Trinity Upper Campus located on the former site of the Saint Colman's school, one Christian school (South Shore Christian and the Brockton Christian School closed in 2010), and Cardinal Spellman High School, a Catholic high school named for Francis Cardinal Spellman, Brockton area native and former Archbishop of New York. Students may also choose to attend tuition-free Southeastern Regional Vocational Technical High School (in South Easton). [citation needed]
Higher education
[edit]Brockton is the site of Massasoit Community College and offers Adult Studies/LEAD classes in Brockton.[57] Fisher College also has a campus in Brockton. The Brockton VA Hospital offers classes and apprenticeships to medical students from Fisher College, Harvard University, Boston University, Northeastern University, University of Massachusetts Boston, and Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. Additionally, the city also has a campus for the National College of Technical Instruction. Porter and Chester Institute also has a campus in Brockton. Brockton is also home to the Brockton Hospital School of Nursing as well as the Monna Bari Medical School.
Infrastructure
[edit]Transportation
[edit]Major highways
[edit]Massachusetts Route 24, a six-lane divided motorway, passes through the west side of the city, with exits at Route 27 to the north and Route 123 to the south. The two routes pass through the center of the city, crossing at that point. Massachusetts Route 28 passes from north to south through the center of the city, The western end of Route 14 (at its intersection with Route 27) and the southern end of Route 37 (at its intersection with Route 28) both are in the city.
Bus
[edit]Brockton has its own bus services, operated by the Brockton Area Transit Authority (BAT). Each bus has a designated route running through a section of Brockton, i.e. Montello, Campello, Cary Hill, etc. There are also buses that have routes outside the city, i.e., Bridgewater Industrial Park, Ashmont Station (MBTA subway end-of-line), Stoughton and a connecting bus stop in Montello to the Braintree Station (MBTA subway end-of-line).
Rail
[edit]The Middleborough/Lakeville Line of the MBTA's commuter rail system bisects the city running north-south, with stops in the Montello and Campello neighborhoods, as well as in the city center, providing service to points south and South Station in Boston north of the city.
Healthcare
[edit]Brockton has three hospitals: Signature Healthcare Brockton Hospital on the east side, Good Samaritan Medical Center—a Steward Family Hospital (formerly Caritas Good Samaritan, and before that Cardinal Cushing) Hospital to the northwest, and the Brockton Veterans Administration Hospital to the southwest. The VA Hospital is the sponsoring institution for the Harvard South Shore Psychiatry program. It serves as a teaching facility for students of various medical specialties from Boston University, physician assistant students from Northeastern University, nursing students from the University of Massachusetts Boston and physician assistant and pharmacy students from the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. [citation needed]
Brockton has a community health center that serves individuals with low income and poor access to health care at Brockton Neighborhood Health Center.[58]
Fire department
[edit]The city of Brockton is protected around the clock by 174 paid, professional firefighters of the city of Brockton Fire Department. The Brockton Fire Department currently operates out of six fire stations, located throughout the city, and maintains a fire apparatus fleet of five engines, three ladders, one squad, one tactical rescue unit and several other special, support, and reserve units. The fire department does not provide EMS services; ambulance coverage is currently contracted to Brewster Ambulance Service.[59]
In 1905, local newspapers recounted many heroic acts by Brockton firefighters during the Grover Shoe Factory disaster.[60] On March 10, 1941, thirteen Brockton firefighters died when the roof collapsed as they were fighting a fire at the Strand Theatre.[61] That fire resulted in one of the worst firefighting tragedies in American history.
Law enforcement
[edit]The City of Brockton Police Department has roughly 181 sworn members and 31 non-sworn employees. The officers are assigned to the Patrol Division, and Operations Division which includes; Detectives, Narcotics, Gang Unit, Special Weapons And Tactics, K-9, Quality of Life, GREAT Program, Elderly Affairs, and Community Education Units.[62] In addition, the city is patrolled by the Fourth (Middleborough) Barracks of Troop D of the Massachusetts State Police.[63] Brockton also has several citizen anti-crime groups, including the Guardian Angels and Operation Archangel.
Notable people
[edit]- Kristian Alfonso, actress
- Jo Baker, singer and songwriter; niece of Mary E. Baker
- Mary E. Baker, first African-American to work at Brockton City Hall; civic leader[64]
- Steve Balboni, professional baseball player
- Ronnie Bardah, professional poker player and Survivor: Island of the Idols contestant
- Darius Bazley, Professional NBA Basketball
- Chris Bender, R&B singer
- Bumpy Bumpus, sprint car racer
- Alfred Campanelli, businessman
- Andrew Card, politician
- John Cariani, actor, playwright
- Patrick Condon, author and professor of urban design
- Robert Cottle, television personality
- Jim Corbett, NFL player
- William Damon, psychologist and author
- Al Davis, owned Oakland Raiders
- John Doucette, actor
- Levi Lewis Dorr, American Civil War veteran and physician
- John M. Dowd, lawyer
- Bonnie Dumanis, District Attorney of San Diego County
- AJ Dybantsa, basketball player
- James Edgar, first department store Santa
- Shawn Fanning, creator of Napster
- Kenneth Feinberg, attorney
- George Wilton Field, marine biologist
- Keith Gill, stock investor
- Edward Gilmore, first Democrat elected to US Congress from Plymouth County
- Brian Gordon, cartoonist known for Fowl Language
- Scott Gordon, professional hockey player, head coach of New York Islanders
- Noel Gourdin, singer
- Marvin Hagler, professional middleweight boxing champion
- Pooch Hall, actor
- Rudy Harris, professional football player
- Josephine Hasham, women's professional baseball player
- Josh Hennessy, professional hockey player
- George V. Higgins, author
- Pete Hughes, college baseball coach
- David Hungerford (1927–1993), geneticist, co-discoverer of Philadelphia chromosome
- George Hurley, musician
- Megan Khang, professional golfer[65]
- Al Louis-Jean, NFL player
- Joe Lauzon, professional MMA fighter
- George N. Leighton, United States court judge
- Jimmy Luxury, musician
- Ken MacAfee, professional football player
- Jim Mann, professional baseball player
- Rocky Marciano, undefeated heavyweight boxing champion
- Bill McGunnigle, inventor of the baseball glove
- Greg McMurtry, professional football player
- Arthur Mercante, boxing referee
- Christy Mihos, entrepreneur, politician
- Ed Nelson, professional basketball player
- Sean Newcomb, professional baseball player
- Aaron O'Brien, five time champion softball player
- Leo Paquin, football player at Fordham University
- Goody Petronelli, boxing trainer
- Cory Quirk, professional hockey player
- Jodie Rivera, online personality
- Evelyn Scott, actress
- Robbie Sims, middleweight boxer
- Kevin Stevens, professional hockey player
- Jason Vega, professional football player
- Wyatt Tee Walker, civil rights leader
- Dave Wedge, author, journalist
- Art Whitney, professional baseball player
- Herbert Warren Wind, writer
Awards
[edit]Brockton was named one of the 100 Best Communities for Young People in the United States in 2005, 2008, 2010, and 2011 by the America's Promise Alliance.[66]
References
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- ^ Allegrini, Elaine. "Once known as 'Shoe City,' Brockton loses its last factory".
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- ^ "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). 1: Number of Inhabitants. Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, pp. 21-7 through 21-09, Massachusetts Table 4. Population of Urban Places of 10,000 or more from Earliest Census to 1920. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
{{cite journal}}
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- ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Brockton city, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau .
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- ^ "B04006 People Reporting Ancestry – Brockton, Massachusetts – 2023 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
- ^ Latour, Francie (June 25, 2000). "Trouble's Temptations: Angolan-American activists worry that young immigrants from their homeland will be drawn into the cycle of violence that plagues Cape Verdeans". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
- ^ "SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 2009-2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
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- ^ Pfeifer, Ellen (10 April 1998). "Handel rarity is a royal tragedy; Brockton Symphony celebrates 50 years". Boston Herald
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- ^ Downtown Brockton Arts and Music Festival
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- ^ Larocque, Marc (July 28, 2019). "Brockton Cape Verdeans celebrate 25th annual CV Day in style". The Enterprise.
- ^ "Brockton Public Library". Brockton Public Library. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
- ^ "Brockton Rox Join FCBL". pointstreaksites.com. February 29, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
- ^ "Knockouts Unveil Logos, Paying Homage to Brockton & its Boxing History". frontierleague.com (Press release). February 27, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
- ^ Index of Legislative Representation by City and Town Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, mass.gov; accessed April 16, 2014.
- ^ Larocque, Marc (July 15, 2019). "Moises Rodrigues becomes Brockton's first Cape Verdean mayor". The Enterprise. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
- ^ Thomas, John (November 11, 2009). "Brockton's Stewart makes history in city council election". Bay State Banner.
- ^ https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/elections/download/research-and-statistics/enrollment_count_20241105.pdf.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Valencia, Milton J. (May 4, 2008). "A memory painful and indelible". The Boston Globe.
Outside, the flames roaring through the walls and ceiling were clearly visible. But to the firefighters inside, on the balcony, the flames were hidden.
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- ^ Filing, Jane (August 2019). "Rising LPGA Star Megan Khang". Womansgolf.com. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
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