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{{Short description|Pavilion structure built in a park or garden}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2010}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Cleanup|date=January 2010}}
[[File:Главный ботанический сад РАН, субботний вечер. Moscow, Russia. - panoramio - Oleg Yu.Novikov.jpg|thumb|Japanese-style gazebo in Moscow]]
[[Image:Barrington IL Gazebo 1.jpg|thumb|right|200 px|Gazebo in winter.]]A '''gazebo''' is a [[pavilion (building)|pavilion building]], sometimes octagonal, in parks, gardens, and spacious [[public area]]s. Gazebos are freestanding or attached to a garden wall, roofed, and open on all sides; they provide shade, shelter, ornamental features in a landscape, and a place to rest. Some gazebos in public parks are large enough to serve as [[bandstand]]s or rain shelters.


[[File:Victorian Gazebo.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|The [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]]-style bandstand gazebo at Fellows Riverside Gardens at [[Mill Creek Park]], [[Youngstown, Ohio]]]]
Gazebos include [[pagoda]]s, [[pavilion (structure)|pavilion]]s, [[kiosk]]s, [[belvedere (structure)|belvedere]]s, [[folly|follies]], alambras, [[pergola]]s, and [[rotunda]]s. Such buildings are popular in warm and sunny climates. They are in the literature of [[China]], [[Persia]], and many other classical civilizations, going back to several millennia. Examples of such structures are the garden houses at [[Montacute House]].
A '''gazebo''' is a [[pavilion]] structure, sometimes [[octagon]]al or [[Gun turret|turret]]-shaped, often built in a [[park]], [[garden]], or spacious [[public area]].<ref>A longer definition appears in the Merriam-Webster Concise Encyclopedia: [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gazebo Retrieved 25 October 2012.]</ref> Some are used on occasions as [[bandstand]]s.
⚫
[[File:Gazebo Late 19th Century USA.JPG|thumb|left|

The name is also now used for a tent like canopy structure with open sides used as partial shelter from sun and rain at outdoor events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge English Dictionary |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/gazebo}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[File:Rainy day at Camp Horno, Camp Pendleton.png|thumb|Tent gazebo]]
The etymology given by [[Oxford Dictionaries (website)|Oxford Dictionaries]] is "Mid 18th century: perhaps humorously from gaze, in imitation of Latin future tenses ending in -ebo: compare with [[lavabo]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gazebo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107092307/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gazebo|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 7, 2016|publisher=Oxford University Press |work=Oxford Dictionaries |title=gazebo}}</ref> L. L. Bacon put forward a derivation from ''[[Casbah of Algiers|Casbah]]'', a [[Muslim]] quarter around the citadel in [[Algiers]].<ref name="bacon">Bacon, Leonard Lee. "Gazebos and Alambras", ''American Notes and Queries'' 8:6 (1970): 87–87</ref> W. Sayers proposed [[Andalusian Arabic|Hispano-Arabic]] ''qushaybah'', in a poem by [[Córdoba, Spain|Cordoban]] poet [[Ibn Quzman]] (d. 1160).<ref name="sayers">William Sayers, ''Eastern prospects: Kiosks, belvederes, gazebos''. Neophilologus 87: 299–305, 2003.[https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1022691123957]</ref>

The word ''gazebo'' appears in a mid-18th century English book by the architects John and [[William Halfpenny]]: ''Rural Architecture in the Chinese Taste''. There Plate 55, "Elevation of a Chinese Gazebo", shows "a Chinese Tower or Gazebo, situated on a Rock, and raised to a considerable Height, and a Gallery round it to render the Prospect more complete."<ref>[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLLSFX3360000000300917&indx=5&recIds=BLLSFX3360000000300917&recIdxs=4&elementId=4&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Halfpenny%20Rural%20Architecture%20in%20the%20Chinese%20Taste&dstmp=1600281560368 British Library catalogue. Retrieved 16 September 2020.]</ref>

[[George Washington]] had a small eight-sided garden structure at [[Mount Vernon]]. [[Thomas Jefferson]] wrote about gazebos, then called summerhouses or pavilions.

==Design==
Gazebos are freestanding or attached to a garden wall, roofed, and are often open on all sides. They provide [[shade (shadow)|shade]], shelter from rain and a place to rest, while acting as an [[Ornament (art)|ornamental]] feature.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} Some gazebos in public parks are large enough to serve as a [[bandstand]].

==Types==
Gazebos overlap with pavilions, [[kiosk]]s,<ref>The word as applied to late medieval structures in Iran and Turkey corresponds to a gazebo. The modern English senses of a street stall or a telephone box do not. ''Collins English Dictionary'': "(in Turkey, Iran, etc., esp. formerly) a light open-sided pavilion."</ref> [[belvedere (structure)|belvedere]]s, [[folly|follies]], [[gloriette]]s, [[pergola]]s, and [[Rotunda (architecture)|rotunda]]s.

Such structures first appeared in [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] gardens approximately 5,000 years ago and appear in the literature of China, [[Persia]] and other classical civilizations.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

Examples in England are the garden houses at [[Montacute House]] in [[Somerset]]. The gazebo at [[Elton on the Hill]] in [[Nottinghamshire]], thought to date from the late 18th or early 19th century, is a square, crenelated, brick and stone tower with an arched opening. It acted as a focus for an extensive system of red-brick walled gardens, which has survived with some more modern additions.<ref>[http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-425567-gazebo-in-grounds-of-former-elton-manor- British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 25 October 2012.]</ref>

In today's England and North America, gazebos are typically built of wood and covered with standard roofing materials, such as [[Roof shingle|shingle]]s. Gazebos can be tent-style structures of poles covered by tensioned fabric. Gazebos may have screens to aid in the exclusion of flying insects.

Temporary gazebos are often set up in the campsites of [[music festival]]s in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States, usually accompanying [[tent]]s around them.

A structure resembling a gazebo, found in villages in the [[Maldives]], is known as a ''holhuashi''.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">

File:Spitz Pavillon Hinterhaus-3233.jpg|Austria
File:Slovakia_Bratislava_947.jpg|Unique gazebo in [[Janko Kráľ Park]] is former [[Franciscan Church, Bratislava|gothic tower from the Franciscan church]]
File:Bandstand at Royal Palace, Sarahan, HP, India.jpg|Bandstand at Royal Palace, [[Sarahan]], India
Image:Barrington IL Gazebo 1.jpg|A gazebo during winter, topped with a [[weather vane]]
Image:Gazebo in Sam Houston Park -- Houston.jpg|Gazebo in [[Sam Houston Park, Houston, Texas]]
⚫
Image:Gazebo Late 19th Century USA.JPG|Gazebo, United States, late 19th century
Image:Foxmoor Park in Fox River Grove, Illinois.jpg|Weathered gazebo near a fishing hole in [[Fox River Grove, Illinois]]
Image:Mohonk Mountain House 2011 Fishing Gazebo in Early Morning FRD 3158.jpg|A gazebo to shade [[fishing]], [[Lake Mohonk, New York]]
Image:15 18 0264 junaluska.jpg|Gazebo at [[Lake Junaluska, North Carolina]]
Image:Ammand Dam (135).jpg|A two-story gazebo at Ammand Dam, [[Tabriz|Tabriz, Iran]]
Image:Zabytkowa altana.JPG|Gazebo in [[Prudnik|Prudnik, Poland]]
File:Kuopio - huvila.jpg|A small gazebo in [[Väinölänniemi, Kuopio]], Finland
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Architecture}}
<!-- Please keep entries in alphabetical order & add a short description [[WP:SEEALSO]] -->
*[[Belvedere (structure)|Belvedere]]
*[[Bandstand]]
*[[Canopy (architecture)]]
*[[Chickee]]
*[[Chinese pavilion]]
*[[Eric and the Dread Gazebo]]
*[[Monopteros]]: a ring of columns, often domed
*[[Pendhapa]]
*[[Solar canopy]]
*[[Spring House Gazebo]]
*[[Widow's walk]]
<!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order -->

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary|gazebo}}
{{Commons category|Gazebos}}
*{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Gazebo |volume=11 |page=545 |short=x}}

{{Huts|state=collapsed}}
{{Garden features}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pavilions|*]]
[[Category:Garden features]]
[[Category:Huts]]
[[Category:Gazebos| ]]

Latest revision as of 16:28, 9 September 2024

For other uses, see Gazebo (disambiguation).
Japanese-style gazebo in Moscow
The Victorian-style bandstand gazebo at Fellows Riverside Gardens at Mill Creek Park, Youngstown, Ohio

A gazebo is a pavilion structure, sometimes octagonal or turret-shaped, often built in a park, garden, or spacious public area.[1] Some are used on occasions as bandstands.

The name is also now used for a tent like canopy structure with open sides used as partial shelter from sun and rain at outdoor events.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
Tent gazebo

The etymology given by Oxford Dictionaries is "Mid 18th century: perhaps humorously from gaze, in imitation of Latin future tenses ending in -ebo: compare with lavabo."[3] L. L. Bacon put forward a derivation from Casbah, a Muslim quarter around the citadel in Algiers.[4] W. Sayers proposed Hispano-Arabic qushaybah, in a poem by Cordoban poet Ibn Quzman (d. 1160).[5]

The word gazebo appears in a mid-18th century English book by the architects John and William Halfpenny: Rural Architecture in the Chinese Taste. There Plate 55, "Elevation of a Chinese Gazebo", shows "a Chinese Tower or Gazebo, situated on a Rock, and raised to a considerable Height, and a Gallery round it to render the Prospect more complete."[6]

George Washington had a small eight-sided garden structure at Mount Vernon. Thomas Jefferson wrote about gazebos, then called summerhouses or pavilions.

Design

[edit]

Gazebos are freestanding or attached to a garden wall, roofed, and are often open on all sides. They provide shade, shelter from rain and a place to rest, while acting as an ornamental feature.[citation needed] Some gazebos in public parks are large enough to serve as a bandstand.

Types

[edit]

Gazebos overlap with pavilions, kiosks,[7] belvederes, follies, gloriettes, pergolas, and rotundas.

Such structures first appeared in Egyptian gardens approximately 5,000 years ago and appear in the literature of China, Persia and other classical civilizations.[citation needed]

Examples in England are the garden houses at Montacute House in Somerset. The gazebo at Elton on the Hill in Nottinghamshire, thought to date from the late 18th or early 19th century, is a square, crenelated, brick and stone tower with an arched opening. It acted as a focus for an extensive system of red-brick walled gardens, which has survived with some more modern additions.[8]

In today's England and North America, gazebos are typically built of wood and covered with standard roofing materials, such as shingles. Gazebos can be tent-style structures of poles covered by tensioned fabric. Gazebos may have screens to aid in the exclusion of flying insects.

Temporary gazebos are often set up in the campsites of music festivals in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States, usually accompanying tents around them.

A structure resembling a gazebo, found in villages in the Maldives, is known as a holhuashi.[citation needed]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ A longer definition appears in the Merriam-Webster Concise Encyclopedia: Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  2. ^ "Cambridge English Dictionary".
  3. ^ "gazebo". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on November 7, 2016.
  4. ^ Bacon, Leonard Lee. "Gazebos and Alambras", American Notes and Queries 8:6 (1970): 87–87
  5. ^ William Sayers, Eastern prospects: Kiosks, belvederes, gazebos. Neophilologus 87: 299–305, 2003.[1]
  6. ^ British Library catalogue. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  7. ^ The word as applied to late medieval structures in Iran and Turkey corresponds to a gazebo. The modern English senses of a street stall or a telephone box do not. Collins English Dictionary: "(in Turkey, Iran, etc., esp. formerly) a light open-sided pavilion."
  8. ^ British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
[edit]
Look up gazebo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gazebos.
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