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{{Short description|1991 novel by Diana Gabaldon}} |
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{{about|the novel|the TV series|Outlander (TV series)}} |
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{{Infobox book| <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books --> |
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| name = Outlander |
| name = Outlander |
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| image = Outlander-1991 1st Edition cover.jpg |
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| title_orig = |
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| caption = First edition cover |
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| translator = |
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| author = [[Diana Gabaldon]] |
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| image = <!--prefer 1st edition--> |
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| image_caption = |
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| author = [[Diana Gabaldon]] |
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| cover_artist = |
| cover_artist = |
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| country = |
| country = United States |
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| language |
| language = English |
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| series = ''Outlander'' series |
| series = [[Outlander (book series)|''Outlander'' series]] |
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| genre = [[Historical |
| genre = [[Historical fiction]]<br />[[Romance novel|Romance]]<br />[[Science fantasy]]<ref name="EW Devils">{{cite magazine |last=Reese |first=Jennifer |title=Book Review: ''Lord John and the Hand of Devils'' (2007) |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |url=https://ew.com/article/2007/11/27/lord-john-and-hand-devils/|date=November 27, 2007|access-date=October 30, 2013}}</ref> |
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| published = June 1, 1991 |
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| publisher = [[Dell Books]] |
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| publisher = [[Delacorte Books]] |
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| release_date = June 1, 1991 |
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| media_type = Print ( |
| media_type = Print (hardcover) |
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| pages |
| pages = 850 |
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| isbn |
| isbn = 0385302304 |
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| oclc |
| oclc = |
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| followed_by = [[ |
| followed_by = [[Dragonfly in Amber]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Outlander''''' (published in the United Kingdom as '''''Cross Stitch''''') is a [[fantasy|historical fantasy]] novel by American writer [[Diana Gabaldon]], first published in 1991. Initially set around the time of the [[World War II|Second World War]], it focuses on nurse [[Claire Fraser (character)|Claire Beauchamp]], who [[time travel|travels through time]] to 18th-century [[Scotland]], where she finds adventure and romance with the dashing [[Jamie Fraser (character)|Jamie Fraser]]. It is the first novel in the [[Outlander (book series)|''Outlander'' series]], which is set to comprise ten books, nine of which have already been published.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Sollosi|first1=Mary|date=October 30, 2016|title=Outlander books to end with 10th novel, says Diana Gabaldon|url=https://ew.com/article/2016/10/30/diana-gabaldon-last-outlander-novel/|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> The [[Outlander (TV series)|television adaptation]] of the series premiered on [[Starz (TV channel)|Starz]] in the US on August 9, 2014. |
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A [[Mixed genre|mix of several genres]], the series has elements of [[historical fiction]], [[romance novel|romance]], [[adventure fiction|adventure]] and traditional [[fantasy]]. It has sold over 25 million copies.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/outlander-a-love-story-beyond-time/ CBS article "Outlander: A love story beyond time"]</ref> The first book won a [[Romance Writers of America]]'s [[RITA Award]] in 1992.<ref>[[RITA Award#Mainstream Fiction with a Central Romance (Novel with Strong Romantic Elements prior to 2017)|List of RITA Award winners]]</ref> |
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'''''Outlander''''' (published in the UK as '''''Cross Stitch''''') is the first in a series of novels (currently seven) by [[Diana Gabaldon]]. The book focuses on two main characters, Claire Randall (née Beauchamp) and Jamie Fraser, and takes place in eighteenth and twentieth-century [[Scotland]]. |
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== Plot summary == |
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The novel is not easily classified by [[genre]]. On one level, the work is a [[romance novel]] with a focus on the romantic relationship between the two main characters. However, the book breaks certain romance genre conventions—the heroine is slightly older and more experienced than the hero. The book could be described as a work of [[historical fiction]] with a detailed account of eighteenth century [[Scottish clan]] life. The novel could also be considered [[fantasy]] with a plot propelled by [[time travel]] when Claire journeys from 1945 to the eighteenth century. |
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In 1946,<!-- 1946 is correct, see date discrepancy info in Development section below. --> after working apart during the [[World War II|Second World War]], former British Army nurse Claire Randall and her husband Frank Randall, a history professor, go on a second honeymoon to [[Inverness]], Scotland. Frank conducts research into his family history and Claire goes plant-gathering near [[standing stones]] on the hill of Craigh na Dun. Investigating a buzzing noise near the stones, she touches one and faints; upon waking, she encounters Frank's ancestor, Captain Jack Randall. Before Captain Randall can attack her, he is knocked unconscious by a highlander who takes Claire to his clansmen. As the Scots inexpertly attend their injured comrade Jamie, Claire uses her medical skill to set Jamie's dislocated shoulder. The men identify themselves as members of [[Clan MacKenzie]], and Claire eventually concludes that she has traveled into the past. She represents herself as an English widow who is traveling to France to see her family. The Scots do not believe her and take her to Castle Leoch, where Claire searches for a way to return to her own time. |
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The highlanders of 1743 see Claire as a "[[Sassenach]]", or "Outlander", ignorant of Gaelic culture. Her medical skills eventually earn their respect; but the clan chieftain, Colum MacKenzie, suspects her of being an English spy. Colum sends her with his brother, Dougal, to collect rents; on the way he also solicits donations for the [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]], overseen by Ned Gowan, a lawyer from Edinburgh who is working for the Clan. |
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It was awarded the [[RITA Award#Best novel|RITA Award for "Best romance novel"]] of 1991. |
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When chance again brings her to his attention, Captain Randall tells Dougal to bring Claire to him for questioning. There is suspicion that she is perhaps an English spy. To keep Claire from Randall, Dougal has her wed Jamie, which makes her a Scottish citizen. Torn between her attachment to Jamie and the thought of Frank, Claire tries to return to Craigh na Dun. However, she is captured by Randall's men, requiring Jamie to rescue her. Upon returning to Castle Leoch, Claire continues acting as the official healer, and befriends Geillis Duncan, the wife of a local official, who shares a knowledge of medicine. Eventually Claire and Geillis are charged with witchcraft while Jamie is away, but Jamie returns in time to save Claire. While imprisoned with Geillis, Claire learns that Geillis is part of the plot to restore King James to the Scottish throne along with Dougal and that she is also pregnant with his child. Just before their escape, Claire realizes that Geillis is, like herself, from the future, when she sees a [[smallpox vaccine]] scar on her arm. Geillis also sees Claire's scar. |
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==Plot summary== |
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Claire tells Jamie her real story, and he takes her to Craigh na Dun. When he offers her the chance to stay or go, she decides to stay. Jamie takes her to his home of Lallybroch, where they meet Jamie's sister Jenny and her husband, Ian. Though Jamie is still a fugitive from the British, he reclaims his position as Laird of Lallybroch, until one of his tenants betrays him and he is taken to Wentworth Prison. Claire and the MacKenzie clansmen attempt to rescue him, but they fail, and Claire is captured by Randall, who threatens to have her raped. Jamie offers himself in Claire's place, and Randall frees Claire into the woods. Claire tells Randall that she is a witch and tells him the exact day of his death, which she knows from Frank's family history. Thereafter Claire is befriended by Sir Marcus MacRannoch, a former suitor of Jamie's mother. While MacRannoch's men distract Wentworth's guards, the clansmen drive a herd of cattle through the underground halls, trampling a man. They rescue Jamie, who has been assaulted physically and sexually by Randall, and take him to MacRannoch's stronghold, where Claire tends Jamie's wounds. As soon as Jamie is able, they and Jamie's godfather, Murtagh, escape to Saint Anne de Beaupre's monastery in France, where another of Jamie's uncles is abbot. As she and Jamie emerge from a sacred [[hot spring]] under the Abbey, Claire reveals that she is pregnant.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gabaldon|first=Diana|title=Outlander|year=1991|publisher=Dell|location=New York|isbn=0-440-21256-1}}</ref> |
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Claire Randall is a practical woman, a [[nurse]] in the British Army during [[World War II]]. She and her husband Frank, who were separated during the war, have recently reunited and are enjoying a second honeymoon in [[Inverness]], Scotland. They married there and Frank combined their holiday with some research into his family tree, investigating an ancestor named "Black Jack" Randall, who was a Captain in the Army in the 18th century. |
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==Main characters== |
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After seeing some traditional Scottish sites, such as [[Loch Ness]], Claire goes plant-gathering with an amateur botanist. He shows her a group of [[standing stones]] on the hill of Craigh na Dun. Claire tells Frank and he tells her that a group of local women will be enacting a [[druid|pagan]] ritual and that the local vicar's housekeeper is one of them. As a history professor, Frank is fascinated; Claire, a budding botanist, is particularly captivated by the flowers and herbs she finds, although the unusual ritual is of interest to her. Returning the next day for a particular plant that interests her, Claire realizes she can hear a buzzing noise from the stones and investigates. The buzzing gets louder as she approaches but makes her disoriented and she blacks out, waking to the sound of battle in the distance. Assuming it is a re-enactment or a movie set, she takes a detour through woods suddenly thicker than they were. Struggling to make sense of her surroundings, she bumps into Captain "Black Jack" Randall, who is, incidentally, Frank's six times great-grandfather and double, physically. Unfortunately for Claire, Randall has earned the "Black" in spades and detains her, asking why she is travelling alone in a "state of undress" and concludes that she is a prostitute. She is saved by an unknown Scotsman who knocks Randall unconscious and takes her with him when he rejoins his party who have been rustling cattle. Still befuddled, Claire doesn't understand the situation, and further puzzled by the reactions to her dress, which everyone calls a "[[Chemise|shift]]," and that her legs are bare. |
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{{Main|List of Outlander characters}} |
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* [[Claire Fraser (character)|Claire Beauchamp Randall Fraser]]: A warm, practical and independent former combat nurse who inadvertently travels back in time to the Scottish Highlands in the mid-18th century. Though married to Frank Randall in the 20th century, she falls for Jamie Fraser in the 18th century. A gifted natural physician and an amateur botanist, Claire is an only child and orphan, raised by her archaeologist uncle. |
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* [[Jamie Fraser (character)|James "Jamie" MacKenzie Fraser]] (aka Jamie MacTavish): A strapping young Scottish redhead with a complicated past and disarming sense of humor. Jamie is intelligent, principled, and, by 18th century standards, educated and worldly. He picks up languages very easily, and after initial conflict he falls in love with the mysterious Claire. Though he does not always know what she is doing, Jamie usually trusts Claire. |
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* Franklin “Frank” Wolverton Randall: Claire's husband in the 20th century and a history professor with a deep interest in his genealogy and heritage. He worked for MI6 during the Second World War as an intelligence agent. |
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* Jonathan Randall (aka "Black Jack" Randall): The primary villain of the story and Frank Randall's ancestor, a British army officer. According to Jamie, the “Black” refers to the color of his soul. Jack physically resembles his descendant Frank, but has a sadistic sexual obsession with Jamie. |
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* Callum (Colum) MacKenzie: Chief of the MacKenzie clan and Jamie's maternal uncle, who shelters Jamie and Claire from the English. He suffers from [[Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome]]. |
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* Dougal MacKenzie: Callum's younger Jacobite brother, who leads the clan in battle because his older brother is disabled. It is hinted that he might be the biological father of Callum's son, Hamish. He also took Jamie as a foster son for a time as a teen. Dougal has four daughters with his wife, and a son with Geillis Duncan. |
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* Geillis/Geilie Duncan: The wife of the [[procurator fiscal]], who believes that she is a witch, and has knowledge of herbs and plants. Geillis is pregnant with Dougal MacKenzie’s child when imprisoned for witchcraft, which wins her a brief reprieve of her death sentence. She murders her husband, Arthur Duncan. Ultimately Claire realizes that she is a time-traveler from the 1960s. |
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* Murtagh Fitzgibbons Fraser: Jamie's godfather, who is taciturn, quiet and brave, and very loyal to Jamie, whom he cares for as a son. At first he does not accept Claire, but changes his mind when he sees how much Jamie loves her. |
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* Laoghaire MacKenzie: A young girl of sixteen who is attracted to Jamie. She sends Claire to Geillis Duncan just prior to the witch trial because she "loves" Jamie and wants him back. |
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==Development and inspiration== |
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Forced to travel with them through the Scottish countryside, Claire sees the lack of modern technology and roadways. She begins wondering exactly what has happened as the "costumes" and weapons are very realistic. |
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Diana Gabaldon planned to write a novel with a historical setting "for practice", but did not have a specific setting in mind until she happened to watch ''[[The War Games]]'', a classic ''[[Doctor Who]]'' serial, on [[PBS]].<ref name="gabaldon_jamie">{{cite web |url=http://www.dianagabaldon.com/resources/faq/faq-about-the-books/#choosescotland |title=FAQ: About the Books: Scotland |last=Gabaldon |first=Diana |author-link1=Diana Gabaldon |publisher=DianaGabaldon.com |access-date=April 27, 2017}}</ref> Her eye was caught by the character [[Jamie McCrimmon]], a young Scot from 1745 played by actor [[Frazer Hines]].<ref name="gabaldon_jamie" /> The image of the young man in the kilt stayed with her, and she decided to set her novel in 18th century Scotland.<ref name="gabaldon_jamie" /> She named her male protagonist "Jamie" after the ''Doctor Who'' character (however, the surname "Fraser" was not taken from actor Frazer Hines, since the PBS station cut off the programme's credits).<ref name="gabaldon_jamie" /> |
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Gabaldon's initial plan was to write a "straight historical novel", but as she began to write the character of Claire, she says the character "promptly took over the story and began telling it herself, making smart-ass modern remarks about everything."<ref name="gabaldon_clare">{{cite web |url=http://www.dianagabaldon.com/resources/faq/faq-about-the-books/#idea |title=FAQ: About the Books: Idea |last=Gabaldon |first=Diana |publisher=DianaGabaldon.com |access-date=April 27, 2017}}</ref> Gabaldon decided to make the character a modern woman and determine how she came to be in 18th century Scotland later.<ref name="gabaldon_clare" /> |
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Claire rides with one of the younger Scots, Jamie. Jamie's shoulder had been dislocated during the fight with the English under "Black Jack's" command. Claire reduced the dislocation (using her 20th century medical knowledge) upon seeing his companions about to force the shoulder back into place, a procedure that would have crippled him. |
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Gabaldon acknowledged a date discrepancy between the American version of the novel, the plot of which begins in 1945, and the British version, which begins in 1946.<ref name="gabaldon_dates">{{cite web |url=http://www.dianagabaldon.com/resources/faq/faq-about-the-books/#datediscrepancy |title=FAQ: About the Books: Discrepancy |last=Gabaldon |first=Diana |author-link1=Diana Gabaldon |publisher=DianaGabaldon.com |access-date=April 27, 2017}}</ref> She explained, "Reay Tannahill, a Scot who kindly proofread the novel before it was published in the UK, said that 1946 would have been a more accurate representation of conditions as I described them in Scotland."<ref name="gabaldon_dates"/> Gabaldon was able to rework all of the dates for the UK edition, but the American version was too far along in production to change.<ref name="gabaldon_dates"/> |
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The Scots return to their home, Castle Leoch, seat of the [[Clan MacKenzie]]. When questioned by the [[Lord|laird]], Callum ban Campbell MacKenzie, Claire claims she was sailing to France to visit relatives and lost her gown, luggage, and servant when they were attacked. The Scots are suspicious, wondering exactly who she is. Unfortunately nothing can be proved and after seeing a letter Callum is writing, she realises ''when'' she is for the first time: 1743. The Scots see Claire as a "[[Sassenach]]" -- an outsider to Scottish Highland culture and an Englishwoman to boot—though she earns their respect, due to her work as a healer. Wanting to learn more of Claire, Dougall takes both her and Jamie, on the yearly rent collection on the lands of the MacKenizie. |
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==Reception and awards== |
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Jack Randall wishes to talk again to Claire and seeks her out. After an argument ensued by Dougal and Jack, over Jack's mistreatment of Claire, Dougal refuses, on Jack's further request, to let Claire be questioned. He is informed by Ned Gowan, the clan's lawyer, that the only solution is to make her a Scotswoman by marriage. Dougal tells her to wed Jamie, but suggests other men when she refuses. Claire tells Dougal she can't marry anyone, but admits she isn't married. (In 1743, she thinks, after all, she isn't yet even born!) Dougal ignores her. She gives in and marries Jamie in the same church—much to her horror—where she married Frank. By now, Claire—impressed that Jamie insisted on finding her a decent gown to marry in and demanded a private room in which to consummate their marriage—has grown fonder of Jamie and the friendship she feels towards him, therefore makes her feel guilty that she must deceive him, through her plans to get back to Frank. |
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''[[Publishers Weekly]]'' said of ''Outlander'', "Absorbing and heartwarming, this first novel lavishly evokes the land and lore of Scotland, quickening both with realistic characters and a feisty, likable heroine."<ref name="PW 1991">{{cite web |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-385-30230-2 |title=Fiction Book Review: ''Outlander'' by Diana Gabaldon |website=PublishersWeekly.com |date=June 3, 1991 |access-date=November 23, 2013}}</ref> With 25 million copies sold, ''Outlander'' is one of the [[List of best-selling books|best-selling book series of all time]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/outlander-is-this-the-new-game-of-thrones-9685662.html|title=''Outlander'': Is this the new ''Game of Thrones''?|work=[[The Independent]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815210941/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/outlander-is-this-the-new-game-of-thrones-9685662.html|first=Sarah|last=Hughes|date=August 24, 2014|archive-date=August 15, 2017}}</ref> The novel won the [[Romance Writers of America]]'s [[RITA Award]] for Best Romance of 1991.<ref name="RITA 1991">{{cite web |url=http://www.rwa.org/p/cm/ld/fid=535 |title=RITA Awards: Past Winners |access-date=October 31, 2013 |publisher=[[Romance Writers of America]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714074216/https://www.rwa.org/p/cm/ld/fid=535 |archive-date=July 14, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==Television series== |
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Claire's healing skills as a 20th century nurse save Jamie repeatedly but as the story progresses, she is determined to return to the stone circle and Frank, knowing he must be worried sick. As life continues at Castle Leoch, Claire's marriage to Jamie, ignorance of local superstition, and jealousy towards her lead to a charge of witchcraft. Thrown into a hole with another accused witch, Geilie Duncan, to await trial, she is rescued by Jamie. Just before her escape, she realizes that Geilie Duncan is from the future too. When Jamie asks her to explain, she initially tells him she can't as he won't believe her, saying it's easier to call her a witch. |
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{{Main|Outlander (TV series)}} |
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In June 2013, [[Starz (TV channel)|Starz]] ordered 16 episodes of a [[Outlander (TV series)|television adaptation]], and production began in October 2013 in Scotland.<ref name=DL130601>{{cite news | url = https://deadline.com/2013/06/outlander-greenlighted-to-series-by-starz-511899/ | title = ''Outlander'' Greenlighted To Series By Starz | first = Nellie | last = Andreeva | work = [[Deadline Hollywood]] | date=June 1, 2013 |access-date=July 31, 2014 }}</ref> The series premiered in the US on August 9, 2014.<ref name="HR 2014-05-08">{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/outlander-premiere-date-poster-revealed-702417 |title=Starz's ''Outlander'' Gets First Poster, Premiere Date |first=Philiana |last=Ng |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=May 8, 2014 |access-date=June 14, 2014}}</ref> It was picked up for a second season on August 15, 2014,<ref name="EW 2nd Season">{{cite magazine |url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/08/15/outlander-renewed-second-season/ |title=''Outlander'' renewed for second season |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |first=James |last=Hibberd |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> and for a third and fourth season on June 1, 2016.<ref name="Pickup S3+S4">{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/outlander-season-3-renewal-season-4-renewed-1201786745/ |title=''Outlander'' Renewed for Seasons 3 and 4 |first=Laura |last=Prudom |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=June 1, 2016 |access-date=June 1, 2016}}</ref> On May 9, 2018, Starz renewed the series for a fifth and sixth season.<ref name="TVL Ssn5-6">{{cite web|url=http://tvline.com/2018/05/09/outlander-renewed-seasons-5-6-photos-starz/|title=''Outlander'' Renewed for Seasons 5 and 6, Plus: See First Season 4 Photos|last=Roots|first=Kimberly|publisher=[[TVLine]]|date=May 9, 2018|access-date=May 9, 2018}}</ref> |
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==Other adaptations== |
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Shocked by Claire's explanation, he takes her to the stone circle and tells her to return to Frank - seeing for himself, that Claire is telling the truth about the stones. Jamie leaves her there to decide if she wants to return to Frank or stay with him. He is over the moon with her decision to stay and he takes her to his home, Lallybroch, but their happiness doesn't last. |
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In 2010 Gabaldon adapted the first third of ''Outlander'' into ''[[The Exile: An Outlander Graphic Novel]]'', illustrated by Hoang Nguyen.<ref name="GNR 2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.graphicnovelreporter.com/reviews/the-exile-an-outlander-graphic-novel |title=''The Exile: An Outlander Graphic Novel'' |first=Casey |last=Brienza |website=GraphicNovelReporter.com |date=September 21, 2010 |access-date=September 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924062923/http://www.graphicnovelreporter.com/reviews/the-exile-an-outlander-graphic-novel |archive-date=September 24, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="PW 2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-345-50538-5 |title=Fiction Book Review: ''The Exile: An Outlander Graphic Novel'' |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |date=August 23, 2010 |access-date=September 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Gabaldon Exile">{{cite web |url=http://www.dianagabaldon.com/books/outlander-series/the-exile-graphic-novel/ |title=Official site: ''The Exile'' (graphic novel) |website=DianaGabaldon.com |access-date=September 16, 2014}}</ref> The same year, a 14-song cycle based on ''Outlander'' was released under the title ''[[Outlander: The Musical]]''.<ref name="Gabaldon Musical Amazon 2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.dianagabaldon.com/2010/09/progress-outlanderthe-musical-now-on-amazon/ |title=PROGRESS! ''OUTLANDER:The Musical'' now on Amazon! |website=DianaGabaldon.com |date=September 26, 2010 |access-date=July 30, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Gabaldon Musical 2013">{{cite web |url=http://www.dianagabaldon.com/misc/outlander-the-musical/ |title=''Outlander the Musical'' |website=DianaGabaldon.com |date=October 26, 2013 |access-date=July 30, 2014}}</ref><ref name="BroadwayWorld 2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/STAGE-TUBE-First-Listen-of-Jill-Santoriellos-OUTLANDER-Musical-20120716#.U9hYSVZU10g |title=Stage Tube: First Listen of Jill Santoriello's ''Outlander'' Musical |website=BroadwayWorld.com |date=July 16, 2012 |access-date=July 30, 2014}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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Jamie has a price on his head and is betrayed by Ronald McNab, one of his tenants. Angry that Jamie, after being told by Claire and Grannie McNab of Ronald's abuse of the child, insists Rabbie become a stable-boy at Lallybroch. Jamie is held at Wentworth Prison and sentenced to hang. Sadistic Jack Randall is also at Wentworth and takes the opportunity to torture Jamie. Jamie, however, promises Jack that he'll sleep with him if he lets Claire go. Jack agrees and in revenge, Claire tells Jack she is a witch, cursing him with the "gift" of knowledge that he will marry and have a son but will die before the child's born, giving him the date of his death. |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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== External links == |
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Aided by Sir Marcus MacRannoch, a former suitor of Jamie's mother, Ellen MacKenzie Fraser, Claire, Jamie's relatives and men employed by Sir Marcus, rescue Jamie. She patches him up and they escape to Ste. Anne de Beaupre's monastery in France, where Jamie's uncle is stationed as Abbot. At Ste. Anne's, Claire tries healing Jamie, but discovers broken bones are simple, compared to repairing the damage done to his mind. As he recovers, Jamie tells Claire that his life is hers, that she should decide, will they go "to France, Italy, or even back to Scotland?" for "[they'll] need a place to go, soon." His Uncle, Abbot Alexander, provides Jamie with a letter of introduction, describing Jamie as, "an efficient linguist and translator", to [[James Francis Edward Stuart|King James of Scotland]], living in Rome with his sons [[Bonnie Prince Charlie]] and Henry Stuart. Claire and Jamie decide Rome it will be, "to do what they can"(quotes from this paragraph, p 620, Dell Trade Paperback). |
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* {{Official website|http://www.dianagabaldon.com/}} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://content.randomhouse.com/assets/9780440246442/view.php?id=ohb001 |title=An ''Outlander'' Family Tree (Official) |year=2014 |publisher=[[Random House]]}} |
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Whilst at the abbey, Claire learns more about her faith - she was christened Catholic but not raised as one - and receives absolution from a friendly monk. He describes her as a shipwrecked traveller, forced to survive in a strange land as best she can. He describes her marriages as something she should leave in God's hands as nothing can be done about them. At the last, as they emerge from the healing waters of a sacred hot spring under the Abbey, Claire reveals that she is pregnant with their first child. |
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* [http://www.mansionbooks.com/BookDetail.php?bk=236 Photos of the first edition of ''Outlander''] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140418224032/http://www.serieforastera.com/los-libros Todos los libros de la serie ''Forastera''] |
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==Characters in "Outlander"== |
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===Main Characters=== |
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'''Claire Beauchamp Randall Fraser''': The story's protagonist, a nurse in WWII who finds herself in the Scottish Highlands circa the mid-1700s. In the twentieth century, she was married to Frank Randall, but in the eighteenth century, she marries Jamie Fraser. Claire is a gifted natural physician, and her personality is warm, practical, and independent. |
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'''James Alexander Malcolm MacKenzie Fraser (''Jamie'') ''': Claire's husband in the eighteenth century. A strapping young Scottish redhead with a complicated past and a disarming sense of humor. Jamie is intelligent, principled, and by eighteenth century standards, educated and worldly. In ''The Outlandish Companion'' Gabaldon says he is partly based on the character of [[Jamie McCrimmon]] from ''[[Doctor Who]]''. |
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'''Frank Randall''': Claire's husband in the 1940s; a history professor with a deep interest in his genealogy and heritage. |
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'''Jonathan Randall''': The primary villain of the story. He is Frank's ancestor and a British army officer. He is also known as "Black Jack." According to Jamie Fraser, the black refers to the colour of his soul. "...and a bloody, filthy, nasty pervert he was!", born Sept. 3, 1705, Claire knows that he will die April 16, 1746 at Culloden. |
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'''Colum MacKenzie''': The Laird of the MacKenzie clan. He is also Jamie's maternal uncle, and he shelters Jamie and Claire from the English threat. He suffers from [[Toulouse-Lautrec|Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome]] |
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'''Dougal MacKenzie''': Colum's brother, who serves as the literal and figurative "body" of the pair, since Colum's health meant he is unable to lead the clan into battle. A Jacobite; biological father of Colum's son, Hamish; took Jamie on as a foster son for a year as a teen; has four daughters. He also fathered another son with Geillis Duncan. |
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'''Geillis/Geilie Duncan''': Wife of the procurator fiscal; a time-traveler from the 1960s; thought to be a witch; has knowledge of herbs and plants. Mother of Dougal MacKenzie's son and murdered her husband, Arthur Duncan. |
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'''Murtagh Fitzgibbons Fraser''': Loyal member of Clan MacKenzie/Fraser; sworn to protect Jamie since he was a baby |
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===Other Characters by time=== |
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====Inverness 1945==== |
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'''Mrs. Baird''': Proprietor of an Inverness Bed & Breakfast where Claire and Frank have a second honeymoon following WWII, a bit nosy |
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'''Rev. Dr. Reginald Wakefield''': Vicar of the parish, amateur historian and genealogist; consultant to Frank; adoptive father to Roger |
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'''Roger MacKenzie Wakefield''': The adoptive son of Rev. Wakefield, approximately 5 years old (and who will become a primary character from Book 2 onwards) |
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'''Quentin Lambert Beauchamp''' (deceased): Claire's "Uncle Lamb," an archeologist that raised Claire in various locations around the world |
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'''Mr.Crook''': An elderly man who first shows her Craigh Na Dun |
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'''''Ghost''''': A highlander ghost, presumably Jamie, who encounters Frank days before Claire goes through the stones. |
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'''Mrs. Graham''': Rev. Wakefield's housekeeper; a Druid who predicts Claire's "love of two men" |
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====Scotland 1743==== |
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'''Prince Charles Edward''': "Bonnie Prince Charlie", the Stuart Pretender, 1st mentioned when we learn Dougal is a Jacobite |
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'''King James''': Exiled Scottish monarch whose court is in Rome; Charles is his heir |
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'''King George II''': English monarch (House of Hanover) |
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'''Rupert MacKenzie''': Loyal member of Clan MacKenzie; Jamie's second cousin; Claire has to choose between marrying Rupert and Jamie. |
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====Castle Leoch==== |
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'''Letitia MacKenzie''': Wife of Colum; mother of Hamish by Dougal |
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'''Alec McMahon MacKenzie (''Auld Alec'')''': Master of Horse of Castle Leoch; wears a patch over his missing eye |
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'''Laoghaire MacKenzie''': Young girl of 16 with her eye on Jamie |
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'''Angus Mhor''': Beats Jamie (when he takes Laoghaire's punishment); helps Colum with pain by giving him massage |
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'''Davie Beaton''': (deceased) Healer of Leoch, although not a particularly good one; Claire takes over his surgery |
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'''Brian Fraser (''Black Brian'')''': (deceased) father of Jamie, Jenny, and Willie, husband of Ellen MacKenzie; bastard son of Lord Lovat and a serving girl |
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'''Hamish MacKenzie''': Son and heir of Colum, although sired by Dougal |
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'''Gwyllyn''': Welsh bard, entertainer/singer of Castle Leoch |
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'''Arthur Duncan''': Husband of Geillis, the procurator fiscal of the village of Cranesmuir |
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'''Father Bain''': Priest of Cranesmuir, accuses Claire of witchcraft |
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'''The tanner's lad''': Boy whose ear is nailed to the pillory as punishment |
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'''Ned Gowan''': Lawyer from Edinburgh, works for Colum. Claire's lawyer at her trial for witchcraft. |
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====Encountered on the road==== |
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'''Horrocks''': English deserter who knows that Jamie did not shoot the Sergeant-Major |
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'''Hugh Munro''': Licensed beggar (due to torture at the hands of the Turks); able messenger; Jamie's friend |
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'''Malcolm Grant''': Conducts a raid on the MacKenzies along with his two sons |
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'''Peter''': Drover; sees Claire with a Waterhorse; testifies against her at her witch trial |
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'''Waterhorse''': the Loch Ness monster; Claire feels a connection with it |
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'''Harry''': Redcoat deserter who threatens Claire and Jamie while they make love in a (not so) deserted glade. He tries to rape Claire, but is killed by Claire. |
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'''Alexander William Roderick MacGregor''': Prisoner who hanged himself at Fort William (after being raped by Randall). Jamie has a Bible belonging to him. Jamie feels he owes Alexander a debt. |
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====Return to Castle Leoch and Cranesmuir==== |
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'''Malcolm Grant''': Once to marry Ellen MacKenzie by suit (arranged marriage), but the arrangement didn't work out, no longer a MacKenzie ally. |
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'''The Duke of Sandringham''': "old Willie the arse bandit", has a secret connection to Jack Randall, also a secret Jacobite. He tried to bugger Jamie as a teen. |
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'''Janet Robinson''': Had an abortion by using a potion Geillis made up; testifies against Geillis |
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====Lallybroch==== |
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'''Jock Graham''': from Murch Nardagh; first person to welcome Claire and Jamie back to Lallybroch |
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'''Janet Fraser Murray (''Jenny'')''': Jamie's older sister; married to Ian Murray |
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'''Ian Murray''': Jenny's husband; Jamie's friend since childhood; Lost the lower part of his right leg, below the knee, after an infection of a grape shot wound received during a battle at Daumier (with Fergus nic Leodhas) |
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'''Young Jamie''': Jenny and Ian's oldest son; named for his uncle; born August 1741 |
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'''Mrs. Crook''': Housekeeper at Lallybroch |
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'''Willie Fraser''': Jamie's older brother who died of smallpox at age eleven |
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'''Grannie MacNab''': Aids Claire and (particularly) Jamie when Redcoats stop by Lallybroch; mother of four sons and sixteen grandchildren |
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'''Rabbie MacNab''': Grandson of Grannie MacNab; Beaten by his father |
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'''Ronald MacNab''': Father of Rabbie, often drunk and beats his son; reluctant to give him over to Jamie as a stable lad; later betrays Jamie to the Watch and is killed in a fire of retribution by the other tenants of Lallybroch |
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'''Mrs. Martins''': Midwife; helps deliver Jenny's baby |
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'''Margaret Ellen Murray (''Maggie'')''': Born November 1743 to Jenny and Ian |
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====The Search for Jamie==== |
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'''Robert MacDonald''': Member of the Watch whom Jenny and Claire attack and then use to get information about Jamie after he is taken by the Watch |
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'''Sir Fletcher Gordon''': Civilian governor in charge of Wentworth Prison |
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'''Marley'''- an orderly in Wentworth, a big, disgusting, slow-witted man ("even the whores won't have him") that Randall has with him when he confronts Claire in the cell where Jamie is being held |
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'''Hector''': Finds Claire in Eldridge Wood near Wentworth after her wolf attack and brings her to MacRannoch |
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'''Sir Marcus MacRannoch''': Claire is brought to his cottage; His cattle are later used to help break Jamie out of Wentworth; Jamie is also fixed up at his home, Eldridge Manor; Once an admirer of Ellen MacKenzie |
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'''Lady Annabelle MacRannoch''': Wife of Marcus, helps Claire tend Jamie's wounds |
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'''A soldier near Wentworth''': Claire must kill him in order to ensure their escape from the area |
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====The Abbey of Ste. Anne de Beaupre==== |
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'''Abbot Alexander Fraser''': Jamie's uncle (one of six Fraser uncles) |
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'''Brother Ambrose''': Tends Jamie's wounds |
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'''Brother Bartolome''': Monks who observe the Perpetual Adoration |
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'''Francois Anselm Mericoeur d'Armagnac (''Father Anselm'')''': Befriends Claire; Introduces Claire to the Perpetual Adoration; She is later able to tell him her (true) story; Franciscan; Uses lavender near Jamie (does not know of its significance) |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.mansionbooks.com/BookDetail.php?bk=236 Photos of the first edition of Outlander] |
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* [http://outlander.wikia.com/wiki/Outlander_Wiki The Outlander Wiki] |
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{{Diana Gabaldon}} |
{{Diana Gabaldon}} |
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Latest revision as of 01:07, 16 November 2024
 First edition cover | |
| Author | Diana Gabaldon |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Series | Outlander series |
| Genre | Historical fiction Romance Science fantasy[1] |
| Published | June 1, 1991 |
| Publisher | Delacorte Books |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | 850 |
| ISBN | 0385302304 |
| Followed by | Dragonfly in Amber |
Outlander (published in the United Kingdom as Cross Stitch) is a historical fantasy novel by American writer Diana Gabaldon, first published in 1991. Initially set around the time of the Second World War, it focuses on nurse Claire Beauchamp, who travels through time to 18th-century Scotland, where she finds adventure and romance with the dashing Jamie Fraser. It is the first novel in the Outlander series, which is set to comprise ten books, nine of which have already been published.[2] The television adaptation of the series premiered on Starz in the US on August 9, 2014.
A mix of several genres, the series has elements of historical fiction, romance, adventure and traditional fantasy. It has sold over 25 million copies.[3] The first book won a Romance Writers of America's RITA Award in 1992.[4]
Plot summary
[edit]In 1946, after working apart during the Second World War, former British Army nurse Claire Randall and her husband Frank Randall, a history professor, go on a second honeymoon to Inverness, Scotland. Frank conducts research into his family history and Claire goes plant-gathering near standing stones on the hill of Craigh na Dun. Investigating a buzzing noise near the stones, she touches one and faints; upon waking, she encounters Frank's ancestor, Captain Jack Randall. Before Captain Randall can attack her, he is knocked unconscious by a highlander who takes Claire to his clansmen. As the Scots inexpertly attend their injured comrade Jamie, Claire uses her medical skill to set Jamie's dislocated shoulder. The men identify themselves as members of Clan MacKenzie, and Claire eventually concludes that she has traveled into the past. She represents herself as an English widow who is traveling to France to see her family. The Scots do not believe her and take her to Castle Leoch, where Claire searches for a way to return to her own time.
The highlanders of 1743 see Claire as a "Sassenach", or "Outlander", ignorant of Gaelic culture. Her medical skills eventually earn their respect; but the clan chieftain, Colum MacKenzie, suspects her of being an English spy. Colum sends her with his brother, Dougal, to collect rents; on the way he also solicits donations for the Jacobites, overseen by Ned Gowan, a lawyer from Edinburgh who is working for the Clan.
When chance again brings her to his attention, Captain Randall tells Dougal to bring Claire to him for questioning. There is suspicion that she is perhaps an English spy. To keep Claire from Randall, Dougal has her wed Jamie, which makes her a Scottish citizen. Torn between her attachment to Jamie and the thought of Frank, Claire tries to return to Craigh na Dun. However, she is captured by Randall's men, requiring Jamie to rescue her. Upon returning to Castle Leoch, Claire continues acting as the official healer, and befriends Geillis Duncan, the wife of a local official, who shares a knowledge of medicine. Eventually Claire and Geillis are charged with witchcraft while Jamie is away, but Jamie returns in time to save Claire. While imprisoned with Geillis, Claire learns that Geillis is part of the plot to restore King James to the Scottish throne along with Dougal and that she is also pregnant with his child. Just before their escape, Claire realizes that Geillis is, like herself, from the future, when she sees a smallpox vaccine scar on her arm. Geillis also sees Claire's scar.
Claire tells Jamie her real story, and he takes her to Craigh na Dun. When he offers her the chance to stay or go, she decides to stay. Jamie takes her to his home of Lallybroch, where they meet Jamie's sister Jenny and her husband, Ian. Though Jamie is still a fugitive from the British, he reclaims his position as Laird of Lallybroch, until one of his tenants betrays him and he is taken to Wentworth Prison. Claire and the MacKenzie clansmen attempt to rescue him, but they fail, and Claire is captured by Randall, who threatens to have her raped. Jamie offers himself in Claire's place, and Randall frees Claire into the woods. Claire tells Randall that she is a witch and tells him the exact day of his death, which she knows from Frank's family history. Thereafter Claire is befriended by Sir Marcus MacRannoch, a former suitor of Jamie's mother. While MacRannoch's men distract Wentworth's guards, the clansmen drive a herd of cattle through the underground halls, trampling a man. They rescue Jamie, who has been assaulted physically and sexually by Randall, and take him to MacRannoch's stronghold, where Claire tends Jamie's wounds. As soon as Jamie is able, they and Jamie's godfather, Murtagh, escape to Saint Anne de Beaupre's monastery in France, where another of Jamie's uncles is abbot. As she and Jamie emerge from a sacred hot spring under the Abbey, Claire reveals that she is pregnant.[5]
Main characters
[edit]- Claire Beauchamp Randall Fraser: A warm, practical and independent former combat nurse who inadvertently travels back in time to the Scottish Highlands in the mid-18th century. Though married to Frank Randall in the 20th century, she falls for Jamie Fraser in the 18th century. A gifted natural physician and an amateur botanist, Claire is an only child and orphan, raised by her archaeologist uncle.
- James "Jamie" MacKenzie Fraser (aka Jamie MacTavish): A strapping young Scottish redhead with a complicated past and disarming sense of humor. Jamie is intelligent, principled, and, by 18th century standards, educated and worldly. He picks up languages very easily, and after initial conflict he falls in love with the mysterious Claire. Though he does not always know what she is doing, Jamie usually trusts Claire.
- Franklin “Frank” Wolverton Randall: Claire's husband in the 20th century and a history professor with a deep interest in his genealogy and heritage. He worked for MI6 during the Second World War as an intelligence agent.
- Jonathan Randall (aka "Black Jack" Randall): The primary villain of the story and Frank Randall's ancestor, a British army officer. According to Jamie, the “Black” refers to the color of his soul. Jack physically resembles his descendant Frank, but has a sadistic sexual obsession with Jamie.
- Callum (Colum) MacKenzie: Chief of the MacKenzie clan and Jamie's maternal uncle, who shelters Jamie and Claire from the English. He suffers from Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome.
- Dougal MacKenzie: Callum's younger Jacobite brother, who leads the clan in battle because his older brother is disabled. It is hinted that he might be the biological father of Callum's son, Hamish. He also took Jamie as a foster son for a time as a teen. Dougal has four daughters with his wife, and a son with Geillis Duncan.
- Geillis/Geilie Duncan: The wife of the procurator fiscal, who believes that she is a witch, and has knowledge of herbs and plants. Geillis is pregnant with Dougal MacKenzie’s child when imprisoned for witchcraft, which wins her a brief reprieve of her death sentence. She murders her husband, Arthur Duncan. Ultimately Claire realizes that she is a time-traveler from the 1960s.
- Murtagh Fitzgibbons Fraser: Jamie's godfather, who is taciturn, quiet and brave, and very loyal to Jamie, whom he cares for as a son. At first he does not accept Claire, but changes his mind when he sees how much Jamie loves her.
- Laoghaire MacKenzie: A young girl of sixteen who is attracted to Jamie. She sends Claire to Geillis Duncan just prior to the witch trial because she "loves" Jamie and wants him back.
Development and inspiration
[edit]Diana Gabaldon planned to write a novel with a historical setting "for practice", but did not have a specific setting in mind until she happened to watch The War Games, a classic Doctor Who serial, on PBS.[6] Her eye was caught by the character Jamie McCrimmon, a young Scot from 1745 played by actor Frazer Hines.[6] The image of the young man in the kilt stayed with her, and she decided to set her novel in 18th century Scotland.[6] She named her male protagonist "Jamie" after the Doctor Who character (however, the surname "Fraser" was not taken from actor Frazer Hines, since the PBS station cut off the programme's credits).[6]
Gabaldon's initial plan was to write a "straight historical novel", but as she began to write the character of Claire, she says the character "promptly took over the story and began telling it herself, making smart-ass modern remarks about everything."[7] Gabaldon decided to make the character a modern woman and determine how she came to be in 18th century Scotland later.[7]
Gabaldon acknowledged a date discrepancy between the American version of the novel, the plot of which begins in 1945, and the British version, which begins in 1946.[8] She explained, "Reay Tannahill, a Scot who kindly proofread the novel before it was published in the UK, said that 1946 would have been a more accurate representation of conditions as I described them in Scotland."[8] Gabaldon was able to rework all of the dates for the UK edition, but the American version was too far along in production to change.[8]
Reception and awards
[edit]Publishers Weekly said of Outlander, "Absorbing and heartwarming, this first novel lavishly evokes the land and lore of Scotland, quickening both with realistic characters and a feisty, likable heroine."[9] With 25 million copies sold, Outlander is one of the best-selling book series of all time.[10] The novel won the Romance Writers of America's RITA Award for Best Romance of 1991.[11]
Television series
[edit]In June 2013, Starz ordered 16 episodes of a television adaptation, and production began in October 2013 in Scotland.[12] The series premiered in the US on August 9, 2014.[13] It was picked up for a second season on August 15, 2014,[14] and for a third and fourth season on June 1, 2016.[15] On May 9, 2018, Starz renewed the series for a fifth and sixth season.[16]
Other adaptations
[edit]In 2010 Gabaldon adapted the first third of Outlander into The Exile: An Outlander Graphic Novel, illustrated by Hoang Nguyen.[17][18][19] The same year, a 14-song cycle based on Outlander was released under the title Outlander: The Musical.[20][21][22]
References
[edit]- ^ Reese, Jennifer (November 27, 2007). "Book Review: Lord John and the Hand of Devils (2007)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
- ^ Sollosi, Mary (October 30, 2016). "Outlander books to end with 10th novel, says Diana Gabaldon". Entertainment Weekly.
- ^ CBS article "Outlander: A love story beyond time"
- ^ List of RITA Award winners
- ^ Gabaldon, Diana (1991). Outlander. New York: Dell. ISBN 0-440-21256-1.
- ^ a b c d Gabaldon, Diana. "FAQ: About the Books: Scotland". DianaGabaldon.com. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
- ^ a b Gabaldon, Diana. "FAQ: About the Books: Idea". DianaGabaldon.com. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
- ^ a b c Gabaldon, Diana. "FAQ: About the Books: Discrepancy". DianaGabaldon.com. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
- ^ "Fiction Book Review: Outlander by Diana Gabaldon". PublishersWeekly.com. June 3, 1991. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
- ^ Hughes, Sarah (August 24, 2014). "Outlander: Is this the new Game of Thrones?". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017.
- ^ "RITA Awards: Past Winners". Romance Writers of America. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
- ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 1, 2013). "Outlander Greenlighted To Series By Starz". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
- ^ Ng, Philiana (May 8, 2014). "Starz's Outlander Gets First Poster, Premiere Date". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
- ^ Hibberd, James (August 15, 2014). "Outlander renewed for second season". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
- ^ Prudom, Laura (June 1, 2016). "Outlander Renewed for Seasons 3 and 4". Variety. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
- ^ Roots, Kimberly (May 9, 2018). "Outlander Renewed for Seasons 5 and 6, Plus: See First Season 4 Photos". TVLine. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
- ^ Brienza, Casey (September 21, 2010). "The Exile: An Outlander Graphic Novel". GraphicNovelReporter.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
- ^ "Fiction Book Review: The Exile: An Outlander Graphic Novel". Publishers Weekly. August 23, 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
- ^ "Official site: The Exile (graphic novel)". DianaGabaldon.com. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
- ^ "PROGRESS! OUTLANDER:The Musical now on Amazon!". DianaGabaldon.com. September 26, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ^ "Outlander the Musical". DianaGabaldon.com. October 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ^ "Stage Tube: First Listen of Jill Santoriello's Outlander Musical". BroadwayWorld.com. July 16, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
