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{{Short description|10 µm carved guitar}}
The nano guitar was created in the Cornell Nanofabrication Facility in 1997 by Dustin W. Carr under the direction of Professor Harold G. Craighead. The idea came about as a fun way to illustrate nanotechnology, and it did capture popular attention.<ref> Payne J, Phillips M, The World’s Best Book. Running Press, 2009. ISBN 0762437553, p. 109</ref> It is disputed as to whether the nano guitar should be classified as a guitar, but it is the common opinion that it is in fact a guitar.<ref>Schummer J, Baird D. Nanotechnology Challenges: implications for philosophy, ethics and society. World Scientific, 2006. ISBN 9812567291, pp. 50-51; Nordmann A. Noumenal Technology: Reflections on the incredible tininess of nano. Techne: Research in Philosophy and Technology 8(3), 2005 [http://www.akademik.unsri.ac.id/download/journal/files/scholar/nordmann.pdf
The '''nano guitar''' is a microscopically small carved guitar. It was developed by [[Dustin W. Carr]] in 1997, under the direction of Professor [[Harold G. Craighead]], in the [[Cornell]] [[Nanofabrication]] Facility. The idea came about as a fun way to illustrate [[nanotechnology]], and captured popular attention.<ref>[[Payne J, Phillips M]], [[The World’s Best Book]]. [[Running Press]], 2009. {{ISBN|0-7624-3755-3}}, p. 109</ref> It is disputed as to whether the nano guitar should be classified as a [[guitar]], but it is the common opinion that it is in fact a guitar.<ref>Schummer J, Baird D. Nanotechnology Challenges: implications for [[philosophy]], [[ethics]] and [[society]]. World Scientific, 2006. {{ISBN|981-256-729-1}}, pp. 50–51; Nordmann A. Noumenal Technology: Reflections on the incredible tininess of nano. Techne: Research in Philosophy and Technology 8(3), 2005 [http://www.akademik.unsri.ac.id/download/journal/files/scholar/nordmann.pdf read online, accessed August 15, 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721115802/http://www.akademik.unsri.ac.id/download/journal/files/scholar/nordmann.pdf |date=July 21, 2011 }}</ref>
read online, accessed August 15, 2010] </ref>
==Explanation==
Nanotechnology is where normal objects, in this case a guitar, have been miniaturized. It can be used to create tiny cameras, scales and listening devices. An example of this is smart dust, which can be either a camera or a listening device smaller than a grain of sand.<ref> Piddock, Charles. Future Tech. Creative Media Applications, Inc. 2009.
Nanotechnology miniaturizes normal objects, in this case, a guitar. It can be used to create tiny [[camera]]s, [[Weighing scale|scale]]s, and [[covert listening device]]s. An example of this is smart dust, which can be either a camera or a listening device smaller than a grain of sand.<ref>Piddock, Charles. Future Tech. Creative Media Applications, Inc. 2009.
ISBN 9784126304682, pp. 35-39</ref> A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. For comparison, a human hair is about 200,000 nanometers thick. The nano guitar is about as long as one-twentieth of the diameter of a human hair, 10 micrometers or 10,000 nanometers long. The six strings are 50 nanometers wide each. The entire guitar is the size of an average red blood cell. The guitar is carved from a grain of crystalline silicon by scanning a laser over a film called a resist. This technique is called Electrobeam Lithography. It can be played by tiny lasers in an atomic force microscope, and these act as the pick. The Nano Guitar is 17 octaves higher than a normal guitar. Even if its sound were amplified, it could not be detected by the human ear. <ref>Physics News Update 659(3), October 28, 2003, The High and Low Notes of the Universe [http://www.lutherie.net/nano.guitar.aip.html read online (accessed 15 August, 2010)]</ref>
{{ISBN|978-1-4263-0468-2}}, pp. 35–39</ref> A [[nanometer]] is one-billionth of a meter. For comparison, a [[human hair]] is about 200,000 nanometers thick. The nano guitar is about as long as one-twentieth of the diameter of a human hair, 10 [[micrometers]] or 10,000 nanometers long. Each of the six '[[String (music)|strings]]' is 50 nanometers wide. The entire guitar is the size of an average [[red blood cell]]. The guitar is carved from a grain of [[crystalline silicon]] by scanning a [[laser]] over a film called a '[[resist]]'. This technique is known as [[electron-beam lithography]].


The guitar strings can be made to vibrate by tiny lasers using an [[atomic force microscope]], in the same way, a guitar player might use a [[plectrum]]. The strings vibrate at around 40 000 000 [[Hertz|Hz]], roughly 15 [[octave]]s higher than a [[Range_(music)#Typical_ranges|normal guitar]], which can typically reach up to 1318.510 Hz. Even if its sound were amplified, it could not be detected by the [[Hearing_range#Humans|human ear]].<ref>Physics News Update 659(3), October 28, 2003, The High and Low Notes of the Universe [http://www.lutherie.net/nano.guitar.aip.html read online (accessed 15 August 2010)]</ref>
The inaudible technology illustrated by the nano-guitar is not meant for musical entertainment. The application of frequencies generated by nano-objects has been called “sonification.” The synthetic non-verbal sounds produced by such objects can represent numerical data and provide support for information processing activities of many different kinds.
<ref>Barrass S, Kramer G. Using sonification. Multimedia Systems 7:23-31, 1999.</ref> Since the manufacture of the nano-guitar, researchers in the lab headed by Dr. Craighead have built even tinier devices. One thought is that they may be useful as tiny scales to measure tinier particles, such as bacteria, which may aid in diagnosis.<ref> “Nano becomes ‘atto’ and will soon be ‘zepto’ for Cornell.” Azonanotechnology, April, 2004. [http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=738 read online, accessed 15 August, 2010]</ref> More recently, physicists at the University of Washington published an article discussing the hope that the technique will be useful to test aspects of what until now has been purely theoretical physics, and they also hope it might have practical applications for sensing conditions at atomic and molecular scales.<ref> Wang Z. et al. Phase transitions of adsorbed atoms on the surface of a carbon nanotube. Science 327:552, 2010 DOI 10.1126/science.1182507 [http://faculty.washington.edu/cobden/DHCpapers/PhasetransitionsScience.pdf read article online, accessed August 15, 2010]</ref>


==References==
==Implications==
The nano guitar illustrates inaudible technology that is not meant for musical entertainment. The application of [[frequencies]] generated by [[nano-objects]] is called [[sonification]]. Such objects can represent [[numerical data]] and provide support for information processing activities of many different kinds that produce synthetic non-verbal sounds.<ref>Barrass S, Kramer G. Using sonification. Multimedia Systems 7:23–31, 1999.</ref> Since the [[manufacture]] of the nano-guitar, [[researchers]] in the lab headed by Dr. Craighead have built even tinier devices. One thought is that they may be useful as tiny scales to measure tinier particles, such as [[bacteria]], which may aid in [[diagnosis]].<ref>“Nano becomes ‘atto’ and will soon be ‘zepto’ for Cornell.” Azonanotechnology, April 2004. [http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=738 read online, accessed 15 August 2010]</ref>
<references/>


==See also==
* [[List of guitars]]


==References==
⚫
== External links ==
{{reflist}}

*[http://www.nanoscience.gatech.edu/zlwang/paper/1999/99_sci_1.pdf Poncharal et al., Electrostatic Deflections and Electromechanical Resonances of Carbon Nanotubes (GA Tech). Science 283:1513, 1999.]

*[http://arxiv.org/ftp/cond-mat/papers/0409/0409407.pdf Sazonova et al., A tunable carbon nanotube electromechanical oscillator (Cornell). Nature, 2004] describes the actuation, tuning and detection of frequencies from the nano-guitar

*[http://authors.library.caltech.edu/3071/1/POSapl05.pdf Postma et al., Dynamic range of nanotube- and nanowire-based electromechanical Systems (Caltech). Applied Physics Letters 86: 223105, 2005.]

*[http://nanocat.uab.cat/dataeng/recerca/qnepriv/images/nanoletters-mass-2008.pdf Lassagne et al., Ultrasensitive Mass Sensing with a Nanotube Electromechanical Resonator (Barcelona, Spain) Nano Letters 8(11):3735-3738, 2008.]

*[http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=738 advances since the nano-guitar]


==Further reading on nanotechnology==

Drexler, K. Eric , Nanosystems, Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing and Computation. P. 254-257. John Wiley and Son Inc. Canada. 1992. ISBN 0471575186.

Mulhall, Douglas, Our Molecular Future. Prometheus Books. 59 John Glenn Drive, Amherst, NY. 2002. ISBN 1573929921

Piddock, Charles. Future Tech. P. 35-39 Creative Media Applications, Inc. 2009.
ISBN 9784126304682


⚫
==External links==
Sargent, Ted. The Dance of Molecules. Thunder’s Mouth Press, New York, NY. 2006.
ISBN 1560258098


{{Guitars}}
Storrs Hall Ph.D., J., Nanofuture. P. 9-10. Prometheus Books. 59 John Glenn Drive, Amherst, NY. 2005. ISBN 1591022878
[[Category:Molecular machines]]
[[Category:Individual guitars]]
[[Category:1997 musical instruments]]

Latest revision as of 03:36, 25 January 2023

The nano guitar is a microscopically small carved guitar. It was developed by Dustin W. Carr in 1997, under the direction of Professor Harold G. Craighead, in the Cornell Nanofabrication Facility. The idea came about as a fun way to illustrate nanotechnology, and captured popular attention.[1] It is disputed as to whether the nano guitar should be classified as a guitar, but it is the common opinion that it is in fact a guitar.[2]

Explanation

[edit]

Nanotechnology miniaturizes normal objects, in this case, a guitar. It can be used to create tiny cameras, scales, and covert listening devices. An example of this is smart dust, which can be either a camera or a listening device smaller than a grain of sand.[3] A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. For comparison, a human hair is about 200,000 nanometers thick. The nano guitar is about as long as one-twentieth of the diameter of a human hair, 10 micrometers or 10,000 nanometers long. Each of the six 'strings' is 50 nanometers wide. The entire guitar is the size of an average red blood cell. The guitar is carved from a grain of crystalline silicon by scanning a laser over a film called a 'resist'. This technique is known as electron-beam lithography.

The guitar strings can be made to vibrate by tiny lasers using an atomic force microscope, in the same way, a guitar player might use a plectrum. The strings vibrate at around 40 000 000 Hz, roughly 15 octaves higher than a normal guitar, which can typically reach up to 1318.510 Hz. Even if its sound were amplified, it could not be detected by the human ear.[4]

Implications

[edit]

The nano guitar illustrates inaudible technology that is not meant for musical entertainment. The application of frequencies generated by nano-objects is called sonification. Such objects can represent numerical data and provide support for information processing activities of many different kinds that produce synthetic non-verbal sounds.[5] Since the manufacture of the nano-guitar, researchers in the lab headed by Dr. Craighead have built even tinier devices. One thought is that they may be useful as tiny scales to measure tinier particles, such as bacteria, which may aid in diagnosis.[6]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Payne J, Phillips M, The World’s Best Book. Running Press, 2009. ISBN 0-7624-3755-3, p. 109
  2. ^ Schummer J, Baird D. Nanotechnology Challenges: implications for philosophy, ethics and society. World Scientific, 2006. ISBN 981-256-729-1, pp. 50–51; Nordmann A. Noumenal Technology: Reflections on the incredible tininess of nano. Techne: Research in Philosophy and Technology 8(3), 2005 read online, accessed August 15, 2010 Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Piddock, Charles. Future Tech. Creative Media Applications, Inc. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4263-0468-2, pp. 35–39
  4. ^ Physics News Update 659(3), October 28, 2003, The High and Low Notes of the Universe read online (accessed 15 August 2010)
  5. ^ Barrass S, Kramer G. Using sonification. Multimedia Systems 7:23–31, 1999.
  6. ^ “Nano becomes ‘atto’ and will soon be ‘zepto’ for Cornell.” Azonanotechnology, April 2004. read online, accessed 15 August 2010
[edit]
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