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{{short description|American helicopter manufacturer (1940–1956)}} |
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The '''Piasecki Helicopter Corporation''' was founded in [[1940 in aviation|1940]] by [[Frank Piasecki]] as the '''P-V Engineering Forum''', first becoming known as Piasecki Helicopter in [[1946 in aviation|1946]]. The PV-2 was the second [[helicopter]] flown in the [[United States]] (following [[Igor Sikorsky]]'s [[Sikorsky VS-300|VS-300]]) and was designed and flown by Frank Piasecki in [[1943 in aviation|1943]]. In [[1949]], Piasecki provided the [[CH-21 Shawnee]] to the USAF. |
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{{Distinguish|Piasecki Aircraft}} |
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{{Infobox company |
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| name = Piasecki Helicopter Corporation |
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| logo = Piasecki Helicopter Corporation Logo.png |
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| image = |
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| image_caption = |
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| type = |
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| industry = [[Aerospace]] |
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| fate = acquired by [[Boeing]] |
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| predecessor = <!-- or: | predecessors = --> |
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| successor = [[Boeing Vertol]] |
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| founded = {{Start date|1940}} |
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| founders = [[Frank Piasecki]] |
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| defunct = 1960 |
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| hq_location_city = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], US |
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| hq_location_country = |
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| area_served = <!-- or: | areas_served = --> |
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| key_people = |
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| products = |
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| owner = <!-- or: | owners = --> |
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| num_employees = |
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| num_employees_year = <!-- Year of num_employees data (if known) --> |
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| parent = |
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| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> |
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}} |
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The '''Piasecki Helicopter Corporation''' was an American designer and manufacturer of [[helicopter]]s in [[Philadelphia]] and nearby [[Morton, Pennsylvania]], in the late 1940s and the 1950s.<ref name="vert0702-2">{{cite magazine |title=Tandem Twosome |magazine=Vertical Magazine |date=February–March 2007}}</ref> Its founder, [[Frank Piasecki]], was ousted in 1956 and started a new company, [[Piasecki Aircraft]]. Piasecki Helicopter was renamed '''Vertol Corporation''' in early 1956.<ref name="trimble">{{cite book |last=Trimble |first=William F. |title=High Frontier: A History of Aeronautics in Pennsylvania |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |date=1982 |isbn=978-0-82295-340-1 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000105541}}</ref>{{rp|257–8}} Vertol was acquired by [[Boeing]] in 1960 and renamed '''Boeing Vertol'''. |
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Piasecki designed and successfully sold to the [[US Navy]] a series of [[tandem rotor]] helicopters, starting with the [[Piasecki HRP-1|HRP-1]] of [[1944 in aviation|1944]]. The HRP-1 was nicknamed the "flying banana" because of the upward angle of the aft fuselage that ensured the large rotors did not hit each other in flight. |
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==History== |
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'''Piasecki Helicotor Corporation''' was acquired by [[Boeing|The Boeing Company]] in [[1960]] and renamed to Boeing Vertol, it has become the [[The Boeing Company|Boeing]] Helicoptor Division ([[Boeing Helicopters]]) |
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The Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was founded in [[1940 in aviation|1940]] by [[Frank Piasecki]] and fellow aeronautics student [[Harold Venzie]] as the '''P-V Engineering Forum''' (shortened from Piasecki-Venzie);<ref name=NYT-08/><ref name=HAI-vertical>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.verticalmag.com/press-releases/hai-is-saddened-by-the-passing-of-frank-piasecki-helicopter-pioneer-html/ |title=HAI is Saddened by the Passing of Frank Piasecki, Helicopter Pioeneer |author=Helicopter Association International |date=February 13, 2008 |magazine=Vertical |accessdate=13 April 2020}}</ref> the other partners were F.J. Kosloski, Donald N. Meyers, Elliott Daland, and Walter Swartz.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lyEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA29 |title=The Boy Who Grew Flying Bananas |author=White, L. B. |date=August 1951 |magazine=Popular Science |pages=129–132;222 |publisher=Popular Science Publishing Co., Inc. |volume=159 |number=2 |accessdate=13 April 2020}}</ref> The first design from P-V Engineering was the PV-1, a [[NOTAR|rotorless-tail]] design that used a tapering tail cone and pressurized air to suppress main rotor torque.<ref name=Vertical-legacy>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.verticalmag.com/features/a-lasting-legacy/ |title=A Lasting Legacy |date=May 24, 2013 |magazine=Vertical |accessdate=13 April 2020}}</ref> Venzie left the firm in 1943.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shwtKbTbEuEC&pg=PA143 |title=Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry |author=Pattillo, Donald M. |date=1998 |publisher=The University of Michigan Press |isbn=0-472-08671-5 |accessdate=13 April 2020}}</ref>{{rp|143}} |
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The [[P-V Engineering Forum PV-2|PV-2]] (NX-37061) was a more conventional design and became the third helicopter flown in the [[United States]] (following [[Igor Sikorsky]]'s [[Sikorsky VS-300|VS-300]] and [[Sikorsky R-4]]). It was designed and flown by Frank Piasecki on April 11, [[1943 in aviation|1943]]. Piasecki had limited pilot experience; the PV-2 was tethered to the ground as a safety measure, but the clothesline he used broke. He towed the helicopter behind his car in October 1943 to Washington, DC to demonstrate it to federal government officials; because the wheels had no bearings, he had to stop every 10 to 15 minutes to cool them.<ref name=NYT-08>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/15/business/15piasecki.html |title=Frank Piasecki, a Pioneer in Helicopters, Is Dead at 88 |author=Hevesi, Dennis |date=February 15, 2008 |newspaper=The New York Times |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> When asked to show his pilot's license following the demonstration in Washington, Piasecki admitted he did not have one and he was issued the first helicopter pilot's license on October 20, 1943, by the [[Civil Aviation Administration]].<ref name=NYT-08/><ref name=HAI-vertical/> |
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After the Boeing acquisition, Frank Piasecki reformed his company as [[Piasecki Aircraft Corporation]] ([[Piasecki Aircraft Corporation|PiAC]]) to persue the development of compound helicopters and other rotorcraft. [[Piasecki Aircraft Corporation|PiAC]] has been selected as prime contractor for several [[FCS|Future Combat Systems]] [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] systems. |
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===Tandem rotor designs=== |
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See also: |
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[[File:XHRP-1 Piasecki NAN4 47.jpg|thumb|right|XHRP-1 during flight trials (1946)]] |
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With the successful demonstration of the PV-2, Piasecki convinced the [[United States Navy]] to fund the development of a follow-on prototype, signing a contract on January 1, 1944;<ref name=Vertical-legacy/> this marked the start of the design and sale of a series of [[tandem rotor]] helicopters to the Navy. The resulting [[Piasecki PV-3|PV-3]] became the world's first successful tandem rotor design. The PV-3 first flew on March 7, 1945 and bore the Navy designation XHRP-X; it was larger and capable of lifting more than the contemporary Sikorsky designs.<ref name=NYT-08/><ref name=HAI-vertical/> |
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Because P-V Engineering lacked the capital to fund production, the company was reorganized and renamed to the '''Piasecki Helicopter Corporation''' in [[1946 in aviation|1946]],<ref name=NYT-08/> with [[Laurance Rockefeller]] and [[A. Felix du Pont Jr.]] taking a controlling interest of 51% in exchange for $500,000.<ref name=Vertical-legacy/> After constructing two more prototypes (designated XHRP-1),<ref name=Vertical-legacy/> the PV-3 would go into production as the [[Piasecki HRP-1|HRP-1]] in [[1947 in aviation|1947]].<ref name=HAI-vertical/> The HRP-1 was commonly nicknamed the "flying banana" because of the upward angle of the aft fuselage which ensured the large rotors did not hit each other in flight. The nickname would later be applied to other Piasecki tandem-rotor helicopters of similar design. |
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[[Sikorsky Piasecki X-49]], [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]], [[Future Combat Systems]] |
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An evolutionary follow-on design to the HRP-1, designated HRP-2, used an all-metal skin and switched crew seating to side-by-side instead of tandem; however, the limited power meant only five were built, all for the Coast Guard.<ref name=Vertical-legacy/> In 1949, Piasecki provided the [[Piasecki H-21|H-21 Workhorse]] to the [[United States Air Force]], an improved version of the HRP-2 with a more powerful [[Wright R-1820 Cyclone]] radial engine.<ref name=Vertical-legacy/> Piasecki's tandem-rotor helicopters flew higher than competing single rotor designs, and offered a smoother ride. |
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At approximately the same time the HRP-1 and HRP-2 were being developed, the Navy commissioned Piasecki to design a smaller tandem-rotor utility helicopter; the resulting prototype, which Piasecki called the PV-14, was designated XHJP-1.<ref name=Vertical-legacy/> These went into production as the [[Piasecki HUP Retriever|HUP-1]] (PV-18), with the first variants delivered to both the Navy and the [[United States Army]] (as the H-25) in 1949; in total, 339 were delivered to the militaries of the United States, Canada, and France by 1954.<ref name=Vertical-legacy/> The HUP was designed with overlapping main rotor blades, which reduced the size so they could be carried on aircraft carrier elevators.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americanhelicopter.museum/aircraft/piasecki-pv-14-hup-2-retriever |title=Piasecki PV-14 / HUP-2 Retriever |publisher=American Helicopter Museum & Education Center |accessdate=13 April 2020}}</ref> |
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== External Links == |
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===Piasecki is forced out=== |
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[http://www.piasecki.com PiAC Web Site] |
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[[File:Piasecki YH-16 helicopter in flight.jpg|thumb|right|YH-16 prototype in flight]] |
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[[Donovan Berlin|Don R. Berlin]] was brought in as president and director of Piasecki Helicopters in 1953,<ref name="Miller">{{cite news |author=Miller, Steven |url=http://www.nysun.com/obituaries/frank-piasecki-88-vertical-flight-pioneer/71281/ |title=Frank Piasecki, 88, Vertical Flight Pioneer |newspaper=The New York Sun |date=February 14, 2008 |accessdate=June 2, 2013 |archive-date=October 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002231641/http://www.nysun.com/obituaries/frank-piasecki-88-vertical-flight-pioneer/71281/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> while Frank Piasecki was chairman of the board. Under Piasecki, the company began the PV-15 large transport tandem helicopter project (designated [[Piasecki H-16 Transporter|H-16]]). The prototype PV-15 was first flown in 1953, but a fatal crash in January 1956 led to the cancellation of the project.<ref name=Vertical-legacy/> |
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The majority owners eventually lost faith in Frank Piasecki's leadership and by May 1956 he was forced out of the company. He had formed a new company, [[Piasecki Aircraft|Piasecki Aircraft Corporation]] to pursue the development of compound helicopters and other rotorcraft. In two successive special stockholders' meetings the board then changed the name of Piasecki Helicopter to '''Vertol''' (for [[vertical take-off and landing]]) Aircraft Corporation and amended the bylaws to bar Piasecki's re-election as a director, on the grounds that he was running a rival company.<ref name="trimble"/>{{rp|257–8}} |
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[http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2005/10/four-fcs-uav-subcontracts-awarded-updated/index.php PiAC FCS Entries] |
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===Acquisition by Boeing=== |
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In 1956, Vertol began developing a successor to the HUP with improved lift capacity by using [[turboshaft]] engines. The project was designated [[Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight|Vertol Model 107 (V-107)]], and a prototype first flew on April 22, 1958. Impressed, the Army awarded a contract for ten production aircraft (then designated YHC-1A) in June and later asked Vertol in March 1959 to produce a larger version, which was designated [[CH-47 Chinook|V-114]]. With the pressure to produce two relatively new designs, Vertol again ran into financial pressure<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airvectors.net/avch47_1.html |title=The Boeing Sea Knight |author=Goebel, Greg |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=Air Vectors |accessdate=13 April 2020}}</ref> and was acquired by [[Boeing]] on March 30, 1960,<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=khBEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA196 |chapter=Resume of Briefing on Vertol Division, the Boeing Co. |date=February 27, 1964 |title=Department of Defense Appropriations for 1965 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=196 |accessdate=13 April 2020}}</ref> who renamed it '''Boeing Vertol'''.<ref name="vert0702-2"/> It became the '''[[Boeing Helicopters|Boeing Helicopter Division]]''' in 1987. |
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==Products== |
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{{Aero-corp-stub}} |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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{{airlistbox}} |
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|- |
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! Model name |
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! First flight |
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! Number built |
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! Type |
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[[Category:United States aircraft manufacturers]] |
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[[ |
|align=left| [[Piasecki PV-2]] |
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|align=center| 1943 |
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|align=center| 1 |
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|align=left| Single rotor piston engine helicopter |
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|- |
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|align=left| [[Piasecki HRP Rescuer|Piasecki PV-3]] |
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|align=center| 1945 |
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|align=center| 28 |
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|align=left| Tandem rotor piston engine helicopter |
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|- |
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|align=left| [[Piasecki H-16|Piasecki PV-15]] |
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|align=center| 1953 |
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|align=center| 2 |
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|align=left| Tandem rotor turbine engine helicopter |
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|- |
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|align=left| [[Piasecki HUP Retriever|Piasecki PV-18]] |
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|align=center| 1948 |
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|align=center| 339 |
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|align=left| Tandem rotor piston engine helicopter |
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|- |
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|align=left| [[Piasecki H-21|Piasecki PV-22]] |
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|align=center| 1952 |
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|align=center| 707 |
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|align=left| Tandem rotor piston engine helicopter |
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|- |
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|align=left| [[Vertol VZ-2]] |
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|align=center| 1957 |
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|align=center| 1 |
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|align=left| Twin engine experimental tiltwing aircraft |
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|- |
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|} |
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==See also== |
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{{Portal|Aviation}} |
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* [[Piasecki Aircraft]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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===Further reading=== |
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* {{cite book |last=Spenser |first=Jay P. |title=Whirlybirds, A History of the U.S. Helicopter Pioneers |publisher=University of Washington Press |location=Seattle, Washington |date=1998 |isbn=0-295-97699-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bs11QgAACAAJ}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Trimble |first=William F. |title=High Frontier: A History of Aeronautics in Pennsylvania |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |date=1982 |isbn=978-0-82295-340-1 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000105541}} |
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{{Piasecki/Vertol aircraft}} |
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{{Boeing}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Defunct helicopter manufacturers of the United States]] |
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[[Category:Boeing mergers and acquisitions]] |
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[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Philadelphia]] |
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[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1940]] |
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[[Category:Defunct companies based in Pennsylvania]] |
Latest revision as of 19:34, 5 December 2024
Industry | Aerospace |
---|---|
Founded | 1940 |
Founders | Frank Piasecki |
Defunct | 1960 |
Fate | acquired by Boeing |
Successor | Boeing Vertol |
Headquarters |
The Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was an American designer and manufacturer of helicopters in Philadelphia and nearby Morton, Pennsylvania, in the late 1940s and the 1950s.[1] Its founder, Frank Piasecki, was ousted in 1956 and started a new company, Piasecki Aircraft. Piasecki Helicopter was renamed Vertol Corporation in early 1956.[2]: 257–8 Vertol was acquired by Boeing in 1960 and renamed Boeing Vertol.
History
[edit]The Piasecki Helicopter Corporation was founded in 1940 by Frank Piasecki and fellow aeronautics student Harold Venzie as the P-V Engineering Forum (shortened from Piasecki-Venzie);[3][4] the other partners were F.J. Kosloski, Donald N. Meyers, Elliott Daland, and Walter Swartz.[5] The first design from P-V Engineering was the PV-1, a rotorless-tail design that used a tapering tail cone and pressurized air to suppress main rotor torque.[6] Venzie left the firm in 1943.[7]: 143
The PV-2 (NX-37061) was a more conventional design and became the third helicopter flown in the United States (following Igor Sikorsky's VS-300 and Sikorsky R-4). It was designed and flown by Frank Piasecki on April 11, 1943. Piasecki had limited pilot experience; the PV-2 was tethered to the ground as a safety measure, but the clothesline he used broke. He towed the helicopter behind his car in October 1943 to Washington, DC to demonstrate it to federal government officials; because the wheels had no bearings, he had to stop every 10 to 15 minutes to cool them.[3] When asked to show his pilot's license following the demonstration in Washington, Piasecki admitted he did not have one and he was issued the first helicopter pilot's license on October 20, 1943, by the Civil Aviation Administration.[3][4]
Tandem rotor designs
[edit]With the successful demonstration of the PV-2, Piasecki convinced the United States Navy to fund the development of a follow-on prototype, signing a contract on January 1, 1944;[6] this marked the start of the design and sale of a series of tandem rotor helicopters to the Navy. The resulting PV-3 became the world's first successful tandem rotor design. The PV-3 first flew on March 7, 1945 and bore the Navy designation XHRP-X; it was larger and capable of lifting more than the contemporary Sikorsky designs.[3][4]
Because P-V Engineering lacked the capital to fund production, the company was reorganized and renamed to the Piasecki Helicopter Corporation in 1946,[3] with Laurance Rockefeller and A. Felix du Pont Jr. taking a controlling interest of 51% in exchange for $500,000.[6] After constructing two more prototypes (designated XHRP-1),[6] the PV-3 would go into production as the HRP-1 in 1947.[4] The HRP-1 was commonly nicknamed the "flying banana" because of the upward angle of the aft fuselage which ensured the large rotors did not hit each other in flight. The nickname would later be applied to other Piasecki tandem-rotor helicopters of similar design.
An evolutionary follow-on design to the HRP-1, designated HRP-2, used an all-metal skin and switched crew seating to side-by-side instead of tandem; however, the limited power meant only five were built, all for the Coast Guard.[6] In 1949, Piasecki provided the H-21 Workhorse to the United States Air Force, an improved version of the HRP-2 with a more powerful Wright R-1820 Cyclone radial engine.[6] Piasecki's tandem-rotor helicopters flew higher than competing single rotor designs, and offered a smoother ride.
At approximately the same time the HRP-1 and HRP-2 were being developed, the Navy commissioned Piasecki to design a smaller tandem-rotor utility helicopter; the resulting prototype, which Piasecki called the PV-14, was designated XHJP-1.[6] These went into production as the HUP-1 (PV-18), with the first variants delivered to both the Navy and the United States Army (as the H-25) in 1949; in total, 339 were delivered to the militaries of the United States, Canada, and France by 1954.[6] The HUP was designed with overlapping main rotor blades, which reduced the size so they could be carried on aircraft carrier elevators.[8]
Piasecki is forced out
[edit]Don R. Berlin was brought in as president and director of Piasecki Helicopters in 1953,[9] while Frank Piasecki was chairman of the board. Under Piasecki, the company began the PV-15 large transport tandem helicopter project (designated H-16). The prototype PV-15 was first flown in 1953, but a fatal crash in January 1956 led to the cancellation of the project.[6]
The majority owners eventually lost faith in Frank Piasecki's leadership and by May 1956 he was forced out of the company. He had formed a new company, Piasecki Aircraft Corporation to pursue the development of compound helicopters and other rotorcraft. In two successive special stockholders' meetings the board then changed the name of Piasecki Helicopter to Vertol (for vertical take-off and landing) Aircraft Corporation and amended the bylaws to bar Piasecki's re-election as a director, on the grounds that he was running a rival company.[2]: 257–8
Acquisition by Boeing
[edit]In 1956, Vertol began developing a successor to the HUP with improved lift capacity by using turboshaft engines. The project was designated Vertol Model 107 (V-107), and a prototype first flew on April 22, 1958. Impressed, the Army awarded a contract for ten production aircraft (then designated YHC-1A) in June and later asked Vertol in March 1959 to produce a larger version, which was designated V-114. With the pressure to produce two relatively new designs, Vertol again ran into financial pressure[10] and was acquired by Boeing on March 30, 1960,[11] who renamed it Boeing Vertol.[1] It became the Boeing Helicopter Division in 1987.
Products
[edit]Model name | First flight | Number built | Type |
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Piasecki PV-2 | 1943 | 1 | Single rotor piston engine helicopter |
Piasecki PV-3 | 1945 | 28 | Tandem rotor piston engine helicopter |
Piasecki PV-15 | 1953 | 2 | Tandem rotor turbine engine helicopter |
Piasecki PV-18 | 1948 | 339 | Tandem rotor piston engine helicopter |
Piasecki PV-22 | 1952 | 707 | Tandem rotor piston engine helicopter |
Vertol VZ-2 | 1957 | 1 | Twin engine experimental tiltwing aircraft |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Tandem Twosome". Vertical Magazine. February–March 2007.
- ^ a b Trimble, William F. (1982). High Frontier: A History of Aeronautics in Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 978-0-82295-340-1.
- ^ a b c d e Hevesi, Dennis (February 15, 2008). "Frank Piasecki, a Pioneer in Helicopters, Is Dead at 88". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d Helicopter Association International (February 13, 2008). "HAI is Saddened by the Passing of Frank Piasecki, Helicopter Pioeneer". Vertical. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ White, L. B. (August 1951). "The Boy Who Grew Flying Bananas". Popular Science. Vol. 159, no. 2. Popular Science Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 129–132, 222. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "A Lasting Legacy". Vertical. May 24, 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ Pattillo, Donald M. (1998). "Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry". The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08671-5. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ "Piasecki PV-14 / HUP-2 Retriever". American Helicopter Museum & Education Center. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ Miller, Steven (February 14, 2008). "Frank Piasecki, 88, Vertical Flight Pioneer". The New York Sun. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
- ^ Goebel, Greg (1 April 2019). "The Boeing Sea Knight". Air Vectors. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ "Resume of Briefing on Vertol Division, the Boeing Co.". Department of Defense Appropriations for 1965. U.S. Government Printing Office. February 27, 1964. p. 196. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
Further reading
[edit]- Spenser, Jay P. (1998). Whirlybirds, A History of the U.S. Helicopter Pioneers. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-97699-3.
- Trimble, William F. (1982). High Frontier: A History of Aeronautics in Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 978-0-82295-340-1.