Jump to content

Gorakhpur: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 26°45′49″N 83°24′14″E / 26.7637152°N 83.4039116°E / 26.7637152; 83.4039116
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Undid revision 1263845873 by Tanmay2024 (talk) Deliberate error
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|City in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Cleanup-spam|date=August 2010}}
{{About|the city in Uttar Pradesh, India|}}
{{Unreferenced|date=November 2007}}
{{Infobox Indian jurisdiction|
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
|native_name = Gorakhpur
{{Infobox settlement
|type = city
| latd = 26 | latm = 33 | lats=0
| name = Gorakhpur
| longd = 83 | longm = 9 | longs=0
| other_name = Gorakshapuram
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]<ref name="amarujala.com"/>
|state_name = Uttar Pradesh
|district = [[Gorakhpur District|Gorakhpur]]
| image_skyline = Gorakhpur City Collage.png
| image_alt =
|leader_title =
| image_caption = From Top Clockwise : Gorakhnath Temple, Aerial View of Ramgarh Tal, AIIMS Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur Zoo
|leader_name =
| image_seal = Gorakhpur Wordmark.png
|altitude =
| seal_size = 200px
|population_as_of = 2001
| image_map =
|population_total = 3769456
| map_alt =
|population_density =
| map_caption =
|sex_ratio = 1000/92
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
|area_magnitude=
| pushpin_label_position = upward
|area_total = 3483.8
| pushpin_map_alt =
|area_telephone = 91-551
| pushpin_map_caption =
|climate =
| coordinates = {{coord|26.7637152|83.4039116|display=inline,title}}
|precip =
|temp_annual = 26
| pushpin_label = Gorakhpur
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
|temp_winter = 18
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|40|°C|°F}}
|temp_summer = 40
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
|postal_code = 2730XX
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|18|°C|°F}}
|vehicle_code_range = UP53
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|sex_ratio = 1000/959
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
|unlocode =
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
|vehicle_code_range = UP 53
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
|website = http://gorakhpur.nic.in
| subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of Uttar Pradesh|Division]]
|footnotes =
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Uttar Pradesh Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gorakhpur district|Gorakhpur]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gorakhpur division|Gorakhpur]]
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| established_date = 1801
| named_for = [[Gorakhnath]]
| government_type = [[Municipal corporation|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = Gorakhpur Municipal Corporation
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Manglesh Kumar Srivastava]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/gorakhpur-seat-stays-with-bjp-vote-share-rises/articleshow/100220057.cms?from=mdr|title=Gorakhpur seat stays with BJP, vote share rises|work=The Times of India|accessdate=22 May 2023}}</ref>
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]]
| leader_name1 = [[Ravi Kishan]], ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| leader_title2 = [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name2 = Avinash Singh<ref>{{cite web|title=Gorakhpur Nagar Nigam|url=https://nagarnigamgkp.org/cmes.aspx |website=nagarnigamgkp.org|access-date=14 November 2021}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Merged">{{Cite news|url=https://gorakhpur.nic.in/demography/ |title=NIC GORAKHPUR 2011 CENSUS|access-date=19 May 2021 |work=Government of India, NIC|date=2020}}</ref>
| total_type = GMC
| area_total_km2 = 226.0
| area_blank1_title = Metro <ref name="amarujala.com">{{cite news |title= गोरखपुर को महानगर बनाने की अधिसूचना जारी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/amp/lucknow/notification-issued-to-make-gorakhpur-a-metropolis-population-should-be-minimum-10-lakhs-to-run-metro-or-light-metro |date=21 November 2021 |work=Amar Ujala |access-date=21 November 2021 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="m.jagran.com">{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Anurag |date= 20 November 2021 |title= गोरखपुर भी महानगर क्षेत्र घोषित-यूपी सरकार ने जारी की अधिसूचना, अब हो सकेगा मेट्रो का संचालन |url=https://m.jagran.com/lite/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-gorakhpur-also-declared-a-metropolitan-area-up-government-issued-notification-now-metro-can-be-operated-22224812.html |work=Dainik Jagran |access-date=20 November 2021 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="News18_Dec2018">{{cite news |last=द्विवेदी |first=रामगोपाल |date=31 December 2021 |title= गोरखपुर के विकास के लिए 2031 तक का मास्टर प्लान तैयार, शहरी सीमा का ढाई गुना होगा विस्तार |url=https://www.hindi.news18.com/amp/news/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-new-master-plan-for-development-of-gorakhpur-nodnc-3929785.html |work=News18 हिंदी |access-date=31 December 2021 |language=hi}}</ref>
| area_blank1_km2 = 1041.0
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 75
| population_total = 1300000
| population_as_of = 2011-2020 hybrid
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title= outer-village-of-gorakhpur-included-in-municipal-corporation-boundary
|url=https://www.amarujala.com/amp/gorakhpur/outer-village-of-gorakhpur-included-in-municipal-corporation-boundary |website=Amarujala}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title= बढ़ गया नगर निगम गोरखपुर का दायरा, अब संझाई समेत ये 32 गांव होंगे शहरी |url=https://newstrack.com/amp/uttar-pradesh/scope-of-gorakhpur-municipal-corporation-has-increased-now-these-32-villages-including-sanjhai-will-be-urban-736287.html |website=Amarujala|date=23 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-gorakhpur-city-population-increased-by-one-lakh-20092972.html |title=एक लाख और बढ़ गई गोरखपुर शहर की आबादी,छह और गांव होंगे शहरी|publisher=Dainik jagran|date=7 March 2020}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_blank1_title = Metro
| population_blank1 = 2500000<ref name="amarujala.com"/><ref name="m.jagran.com"/><ref name="News18_Dec2018"/>
| population_blank2_title = Metro Rank
| population_blank2 =
| population_demonym = Gorakhpuri, Gorakhpuriya
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |website=nclm.nic.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=23 February 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhojpuri |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bho |website=Ethnologue |access-date=11 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 2730xx
| area_code = +91-0551
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = UP-53
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[male|♂]]1000/903[[female|♀]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Avg. annual temperature
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|26|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|http://gorakhpur.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Gorakhpur''' is a city in the [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], along the banks of the [[West Rapti River|Rapti river]] in the [[Purvanchal | Purvanchal region]]. It is situated 272 kilometres east of the state capital, [[Lucknow]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Gorakhpur district]], [[North Eastern Railway Zone]] and [[Gorakhpur division]]. The city is home to the [[Gorakhnath Math]], a [[Gorakhnath]] temple. The city also has had an [[Indian Air Force]] station since 1963. [[Gita Press]], the world's largest publisher of [[Hindu religious texts]] like [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]], has been established here since 1926.{{efn|name=fn1|''Gita press was initially formed in 1923 and started publishing only since 1927''}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Gita Press {{!}} Hindu publishing organization |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1547777/Gita-Press |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=11 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Verma |first=Lalmani |date=28 July 2022 |title=A century old, how Gita Press came to be 'leading purveyor of print Hinduism' |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/how-gita-press-came-to-be-leading-purveyor-of-print-hinduism-8002943/ |access-date=20 October 2022}}</ref>
'''Gorakhpur''' ([[Hindi]]: गोरखपुर, [[Urdu]]: '''گورکھپور''') is a city in the eastern part of the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]], near the border with [[Nepal]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Gorakhpur District]] and [[Gorakhpur Division]].
Gorakhpur is famous as a religious centre: the city was home to [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], [[Hinduism|Hindu]], [[Muslim]], [[Jain]] and [[Sikh]] saints and is named after the medieval saint [[Gorakshanath]]. [[Gorakhnath Temple]] is still the seat of the [[Nath]] sect. It is also the Birth place of the great saint [[Paramhansa Yogananda]]. The city is also home to many historic [[Buddhist]] sites,'''Imambara'''[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Imambara-38130.htm]-a 18th century dargah and the [[Gita Press]], a publisher of [[Hindu]] religious texts,


==Etymology==
In the 20th century, Gorakhpur was a focal point in the [[Indian independence movement]]. Today, the city is also a business centre, hosting the headquarters of the [[North Eastern Railway (India)|North Eastern Railways]], previously known as Bengal Nagpur Railways, and an industrial area, GIDA (Gorakhpur Development Authority) 15&nbsp;km from the old town.
The name "Gorakhpur" comes from the Sanskrit ''Gorakshapuram'', which means abode of [[Gorakhnath|Gorakshanatha]], a renowned ascetic who was a prominent saint of the ''[[Nath|Nath Sampradaya]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=History – Origin of Name|url=http://gorakhpur.nic.in/history|website=gorakhpur.nic.in|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="Mallison railway museum_2011_p407-428">{{Cite web|url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/17972/1/Nath%20Sampradaya.FP.pdf|title=Mallinson, James (2011) 'Nāth Saṃpradāya.' In: Brill Encyclopedia of Hinduism Vol. 3. Brill, pp. 407–428.|access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>


==History==
== District statistics ==
The earliest forerunners of the settlement at Gorakhpur were probably "considerably to the north of the present town" because the course of the Rapti was then more to the north and east than it is today; it would have flowed through the present-day city and gone through what is now the Ramgarh Tal.<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 235 --> Farmers digging wells in the 1800s/early 1900s would sometimes encounter pieces of old boats, which is indicative of the river's shift in course.<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 235 --> The site of Gorakhpur would have been desirable for a human settlement because of its secure location — it is protected on the south and west by the Rapti and Rohin rivers, and in the past there were dense forests on the north and east, offering protection on those sides as well.<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 235 --><ref name="Gazetteer 1909">{{cite book |editor1-last=Nevill |editor1-first=H. R. |title=Gorakhpur: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXXI of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh |date=1909 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.94287 |access-date=30 August 2023}}</ref>{{rp|235}}
* '''Geographical Area ''' 3,483.8&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
* '''Total Population(2009) ''' 10,61,428
* '''Sex Ratio (2001) ''' 1000 /959
* '''Rural Population ( 69.40% ) (2001) '''3,030,865
* '''Urban Population ( 30.60% ) (2001) '''738,591
* '''Total Literates ( 41.89% ) (2009)''' 4,44,632 approx.


The earliest event described in local tradition is the legendary construction of the Mansarowar and Kauladah tanks, in the area now called Purana Gorakhpur, in the 10th century.<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 235, 9 --> They are said to have been built by a married couple — Mansarowar is attributed to the husband, the prince Man Sen, while Kauladah is attributed to the wife, Kaulavati.<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 235 --> Sometime after that, the area is said to have been ruled by a group known as the Domkatars, who built the [[Domingarh]] fort at the confluence of the Rapti and Rohin rivers.<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 235-6 --> Still later, Gorakhpur is said to have been ruled by the Sarnet rajas of [[Satasi]].<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 236 --> Sometime around 1400, a family dispute is said to have prompted one branch of the Satasi dynasty to leave the old stronghold, on the shore of Ramgarh Tal, and move to a new location in what is now Purana Gorakhpur, near the shrine of the renowned ascetic [[Gorakhnath]].<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 236 --><ref name="Gazetteer 1909"/>{{rp|235–6, 239}}
== Origin of name ==
The city and district of Gorakhpur are named after a renowned [[Asceticism|ascetic]] saint, [[Gorakshanath]], the chief disciple of the [[yogi]] [[Matsyendranath]]. Together, Matsyendranath and Gorakshanath founded the [[Nath]] Sampradaya line of saints. [[Gorakhnath Temple]] is said to stand on the spot where Gorakshanath practiced [[Hatha Yoga]] to develop self-control.
It is said that Gorakhnath, a Kanphata Yogi who came to this place from the Punjab and erected a shrine of Goraksha, a deity of great renown in Nepal. In course of time, he became an eminent religious figure and is said to have founded the city of Gorakhpur.So that Shiv Mandir is Jharkhnadi BABA AVC Kunraghat and Hanuman Mandir Is Situated in AVC Chouraha .


== Location ==
===Mughal period===
In any case, Gorakhpur had become a large town by the time of [[Akbar]], in the late 1500s.<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 236 --> The earliest contemporary reference to a Mughal garrison at Gorakhpur is in 1572, when it was governed by Payanda Khan on behalf of [[Munim Khan]], then ''[[subahdar]]'' of [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]].<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 178 --> Gorakhpur was for a long time the main Muslim garrison north of the Ghaghra, which may explain why it has such a prominent Muslim presence compared to other parts of the district.<!-- Gazetteer 1909, p. 235 --><ref name="Gazetteer 1909"/>{{rp|178, 235–6}}
The present district of Gorakhpur lies between Lat. 26º 13' N and 27º 29' N and Long. 83º 05' E and 83º 56' E. The district occupies the north-eastern corner of the state along with the district of Deoria, and comprises a large stretch of country lying to the north of the river Ghaghra, the deep stream of which forms its southern boundary with district Azamgarh. On the west, the boundary marches along Basti and on the east adjoins Deoria and the Chhoti Gandak Nadi and in further south the Jharna Nala forms partly dividing line. In the north lies the territory of Nepal.
== Topography ==
The district presents characteristics distinct from natural features of the western districts, of the State. This difference is due primarily to the relative proximity of the Himalayas. The outermost foothills are but a few kilometers distant from the northern borders, and the high peaks of the snowy range, culminating in the huge mass of Dhaulgiri, some 8,230 meters above sea-level, are clearly in sight under favourable climatic conditions as far south as Gorakhpur itself.Below the outer hills is a dry boulder-strewn tract, corresponding to the Bhabar of Kumaun and Garhwal and here the bulk of the moisture contributed by the rainfall and the small streams is absorbed by the soil, to reappear through seepage in the damp and unhealthy tract, known as the terai. The latter comprises a belt some 16&nbsp;km. in width, running along the northern borders of Maharajganj tahsil. It is extensively cultivated. In south of the terai in the same tahsil is a stretch of forest land which extends downwards in patches as far as the centre of the district. The average depth of water is about 4.5 meters. The plains form a level tract which slopes gently from west to south-east. The height above sea-level ranges from 107 meters in north-west to 93 meters in the south-east. Higher elevations appear at places where the general flat surface is broken by irregular ranges of sandhills. The most clearly defined ridge of this nature starts near Hapur in the Mahrajganj tahsil and runs in a winding course almost to Deoria. It presumably marks the long abandoned channel of the Gandak or some other river, since throughout its length it is bordered by a chain of depressions and jhils and in several places pebbles and boulders have been encountered in sinking shafts for wells. In contradiction to the high ridge are the low and often broad valleys of rivers known as kachhar. The valleys of the larger rivers are not only depressed well below the general level of the country but are of considerable breadth.Thus there is a wide area of low land which is inundated in years of heavy rainfall.
== Geology ==
The geology of the district exposes nothing beyond ordinary river borne alluvium which is not old. The mineral products are few and unimportant. The minerals of commercial value are the nodular limestone conglomerate known as kankar, brick and saltpetre. The last occurs principally in the south and south-east and is manufactured in a crude state in considerable quantities most of it being exported to markets of Bihar. In the Bansgaon tahsil kankar is most abundant and quarries are seen at many places. It is also extracted from some places in Mahrajganj tahsil. Lime is obtained by burning kankar. Brick clay is abundant everywhere and bricks are made all over the district. The soil in the district is light sandy or dense clay of yellowish brown colour. The sand found in the rivers is medium to coarse grained, greyish white to brownish in colour and is suitable for construction purposes.
== History ==
In ancient times the geographical area of Gorakhpur included the modern districts of [[Basti District|Basti]], [[Deoria District|Deoria]], [[Kushinagar District|Kushinagar]], [[Azamgarh District|Azamgarh]]. According to Vedic writings, the earliest known monarch ruling over this region with his capital at [[Ayodhya]] was [[Iksvaku]], founder of the [[Suryavanshi|Solar dynasty]]. The solar dynasty produced a number of kings; [[Rama]] of the [[Ramayana]] is most well-known. The entire region was an important centre of [[Aryan]] culture and civilization, a part of the famous kingdoms of [[Koshala]] and [[Malla]], two of the sixteen [[Mahajanapadas]] (states) in 6th century BCE India.


In the ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'' ({{circa}} 1595), Gorakhpur is listed as the capital of a ''[[sarkar (administrative division)|sarkar]]'' in the ''[[subah]]'' of [[Awadh]].<!-- Ain-i-Akbari --> ''Sarkar'' Gorakhpur was divided into 24 ''[[mahalla|mahal]]''s, and Gorakhpur itself was one of them.<!-- Ain-i-Akbari --> The ''mahal'' of Gorakhpur was listed with an assessed revenue of 567,385 ''[[dam (Indian coin)|dam]]''s and was expected to supply 200 infantry and 40 cavalry to the Mughal army.<!-- Ain-i-Akbari --> It was described as having a brick fort on the Rapti.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{cite book |last1=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |author1-link=Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak |translator-last1=Jarrett |translator-first1=Henry Sullivan |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>{{rp|174–5}}
[[Gautama Buddha]], founder of Buddhism, who was born at Kapilvastu near Gorakhpur, renounced his princely clothing at the confluence of the rivers [[Rapti]] and [[Rohini]], near Gorakhpur, before setting out on his quest of truth in [[600 BCE]]. Later he died in the courtyard of Malla King Hastipal Malla at his capital Kushinara which is now known as Kushinagar, there is a monument to this effect at Kushinagar even today. The city is also associated with the travels of Lord Buddha's contemporary Lord [[Mahavira]], the 24th [[Tirthankara]] of [[Jainism]]. Lord Mahavira was born at a place not very far from Gorakhpur. Later he took his mahaparinirvan at his maternal uncle's palace at [[Pavapuri|Pava]] which is about 15 kilometer from Kushinagar(Pavapuri and Kushinara were the twin capital of Malla dynasty which was part 16 Mahajanpads of ancient India). [[Malla]] dynasty was following democratic way of ruling from their [[Santhagara]] and thus Gorakhpur is also the place of ancient [[Gana sangh kshatriya]].


Gorakhpur also had a [[mint (facility)|mint]] under Akbar, issuing copper coins only.<!-- Habib 1982, p. 33 --> By the time of [[Aurangzeb]], the Gorakhpur mint was also issuing silver coins.<!-- Habib 1982, p. 33 --> During the 1600s, based on [[Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]]'s account of his travels in India, Gorakhpur played an important role as a centre for trade with the northern mountain regions.<ref name="Habib 1982">{{cite book |last1=Habib |first1=Irfan |author1-link=Irfan Habib |title=An Atlas of the Mughal Empire |date=1982 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0195603796 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Buo9AQAAIAAJ |access-date=26 March 2023}}</ref>{{rp|33}}
[[File:Santoshnath.jpg|right|190px|thumb|Gorakhnath Mandir, in Gorakhpur]]
After the Iksvaku dynasty was conquered by Magadha's [[Nanda Dynasty]] in the 4th century BC, Gorakhpur became in turn part of the [[Maurya]], [[Shunga]], [[Kushana]], [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] and [[Harsha]] empires. The great emperor of India Chandragupta maurya belonged to Moriyas, a Kshatriya (warrior) clan of a little ancient republic of Pippalivana located between Rummindei in the Nepali Tarai and Kasia in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.


In the late 1600s, Gorakhpur was officially renamed ''Mu'azzamabad'' in honour of Prince Mu'azzam (the later [[Bahadur Shah I]]), and this name was used in official documents until the British takeover in 1801.<ref name="Gazetteer 1909"/>{{rp|236}}
In the 10th century, the Tharu king Mausen of Madan Singh ruled over Gorakhpur city and the adjoining area. Gorakhpur was also birth place of King Vikas Sankrityayan.<ref>[http://www.gorakhpur.co.in Gorakhpur is the birth place of King Vikas Sankrityayan Ji]</ref>

In medieval times, the city was home to the medieval Hindu saint Gorakshanath, who gave the city its name. The date of Gorakshanath's birth has not yet been settled, but he probably lived in the twelfth century. The site of his [[Samādhi#Samadhi as mausoleum|samādhi]] (ecstasy) at Gorakhpur attracts a large number of pilgrims every year.

In the 12th century, the Gorakhpur region, as much of northern India, was conquered by the [[Muslim]] ruler [[Muhammad Ghori]]. The region remained under the influence of Muslim rulers, such as [[Qutb-ud-din Aybak]] and [[Bahadur Shah]], for some centuries. In the early 16th century, the mystic poet and famous saint [[Kabir]] lived and worked in [[Maghar]], a village 20&nbsp;km from Gorakhpur, where his burial place still attracts many pilgrims.

On [[Akbar]]'s reorganisation of the empire in the 16th century, Gorakhpur gave its name to one of the five [[Sarkar]]s (administrative units) in the province of [[Awadh]].

'''Imambara''', an 18th century [[dargah]], is located about 2&nbsp;km from railway station in Gorakhpur of Uttar Pradesh.
Imambara is the dargah of '''Roshan Ali Shah'''[http://www.travellerspoint.com/guide/Gorakhpur/], a Sufi saint. It preserves a dhuni (smoke fire), and is famous for its gold and silver Tazia

Gorakhpur came under direct British control in 1803. It was one of major centers of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 uprising]], and later played a major role in the [[Indian independence movement]].

Gorakhpur district was the scene of the [[Chauri Chaura]] incident of February 4, 1922, which was a turning point in the history of [[Indian independence movement|India's freedom struggle]]. Enraged by police atrocities, a crowd of 2,000 people burnt down the Chauri-Chaura Police Station, killing nineteen policemen. In response to this violence, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] called off the [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] that he had launched in 1920 and fasted for 21 days, until he was satisfied that all Non-Cooperation Movement activities had ceased. It was in Gorakhpur Jail that Ram Prasad Bismil was hanged for taking active part in the fight against the British rule.

In 1934, an earthquake (8.1 on the Richter scale) caused much damage in the city.

Two other important events in the district took place in 1942, shortly after the famous [[Quit India Movement|Quit India Resolution]] was proclaimed on August 8. On August 9, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] was arrested and tried in this district; he spent the next three years in prison. At village [[Doharia kala (Pali block in Sahjanwa Tehsil)]] on August 23, a protest meeting was held against the British Government. Government forces opened fire unprovoked, killing nine and injuring hundreds. A Shaheed Smarak memorial stands on the spot today.

It is also the birth place of [[Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan]]. It is also known for being the head of north eastern railways(NER). Late [[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]] (Very few people to have undertaken Transportation for Life twice), who was the founder of '''Hindusthan Republican Army''', which later on transformed into '''INA (Azad Hind Fauz)''' was founded by him. He spent his last life as a destitute, neglected by all, in a place in the city, when he was stricken by TB. The place today is known as Betiahata. A large Multistory residential building stands today on the spot, owned by Sahara. Also Karma Bhumi of Late Jitendra Nath Sanyal, the Revolutionarist, who spent seven years in jail, against the British, was associated in Lahore Conspiracy case, written a book on Sardar Bhagat Singh was imprisoned by the British. The most interesting chapter is Indian air base which is destroyed by a Pakistani spy with his six followers in 1974, that spy known as Abu Shuja Abu Waqar (real name: Saleem) after returned back from India, later wrote a book named "Ghazi" in which he claimed that more than 200 IAF personnal were killed. Urdu poet Firaq Gorakhpuri,hocky player Prem Maya,famours wrestler Ramasrya Pahelwan and comedian Asit Sen are some of the eminent personalities associated with Gorakhpur. In fact Premchand, the famous Hindi writer composed some of his major works here.


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Ramgarh Tal Lake, Gorakhpur, 8 Apr 2019.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ramgarh Tal Lake]]]]
It is located on the bank of river Rapti and Rohani, a [[Ganges]] tributary originating in [[Nepal]] that sometimes causes severe floods. The Rapti is interconnected through many other small rivers following meandering courses across the [[Gangetic Plain]]. There is also a big lake called "Ramgarh Tal", which has its own story of formation. It has many other small villages located around the city. In the outer skirts of the city farming is very much prevalent. It has a good rainfall every year. It is also the way to the famous tourist spot and pilgrimage site [[Kushinagar]], where the [[Buddha]] Mahaparinirvana took place. Many tourists come here to visit this place.
Gorakhpur is situated about 100&nbsp;km from the [[Nepal]] border, 193&nbsp;km from [[Varanasi]], 260&nbsp;km from [[Patna]] and 270&nbsp;km from [[Lucknow]]. It is one of the flood vulnerable districts in [[Eastern Uttar Pradesh]]. Data over the past 100 years show a considerable increase in the intensity and frequency of floods, with extreme events occurring every three to four years. Roughly 20% of the population is affected by floods, which are an annual occurrence in some areas, causing huge loss of life, health, and livelihoods for the poor inhabitants, as well as damage to public and private property.<ref>[http://cdkn.org/resource/integrating-climate-change-into-disaster-planning-gorakhpur/ Integrating climate change concerns into disaster management planning: The case of Gorakhpur, India] by Shiraz A. Wajih and Shashikant Chopde, the Climate and Environment Knowledge Network, 2014</ref>


Gorakhpur is situated on the bank's of [[West Rapti River|Rapti river]] which is a tributary of Ghagra river. A fairly large lake [[Ramgarh Tal Lake]] is also situated in the eastern part of the city.
The district of Gorakhpur has ancient history and religious importance. In ancient times the district Gorakhpur was covered completely in forests where sages lived in ashrams and they taught boys from different parts of the country. The infamous prince Rama is even said to have passed through the district of Gorakhpur. There are many temples and religious sites in the district that adds a realm of historical importance. In the year of 1850 a plan to develop the school's in the district was created. The district of Gorakhpur has excellent hospitals to administer proper medical care to individuals in need.


== Economy ==
===Climate===
The [[Köppen climate classification]] subtype for this climate is ''Cwa'' (dry-winter [[humid subtropical climate]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=97324&cityname=Gorakhpur,+Bihar,+India&units=|title=Gorakhpur, India Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref>
The economy of Gorakhpur Mahanagar is based on the service-industry. There is no production industry. People from all over Purvanchal (Eastern U.P) migrate to the city for better education, medical and other facilities which are better compared to villages. <br/> With a good geographical location and sub-urban to urban background, the city's economy is definitely on a rise but only in service - sector.
{{Weather box
| location = Gorakhpur (1991-2020, extremes 1901-2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 30.0
| Feb record high C = 35.4
| Mar record high C = 42.4
| Apr record high C = 45.0
| May record high C = 49.4
| Jun record high C = 46.5
| Jul record high C = 43.2
| Aug record high C = 39.5
| Sep record high C = 38.5
| Oct record high C = 37.4
| Nov record high C = 36.8
| Dec record high C = 30.5
| year record high C = 49.4
| Jan high C = 20.7
| Feb high C = 26.0
| Mar high C = 32.1
| Apr high C = 37.4
| May high C = 38.0
| Jun high C = 36.3
| Jul high C = 32.9
| Aug high C = 32.7
| Sep high C = 32.6
| Oct high C = 32.3
| Nov high C = 29.4
| Dec high C = 23.8
| year high C = 31.2
|Jan mean C = 14.8
|Feb mean C = 19.1
|Mar mean C = 24.2
|Apr mean C = 29.5
|May mean C = 31.4
|Jun mean C = 31.4
|Jul mean C = 29.6
|Aug mean C = 29.4
|Sep mean C = 28.9
|Oct mean C = 26.5
|Nov mean C = 21.6
|Dec mean C = 16.6
| Jan low C = 8.8
| Feb low C = 11.8
| Mar low C = 16.3
| Apr low C = 21.3
| May low C = 24.5
| Jun low C = 26.1
| Jul low C = 26.1
| Aug low C = 25.8
| Sep low C = 24.9
| Oct low C = 20.9
| Nov low C = 14.8
| Dec low C = 10.3
| year low C = 19.2
| Jan record low C = 1.0
| Feb record low C = 2.8
| Mar record low C = 8.1
| Apr record low C = 12.2
| May record low C = 16.6
| Jun record low C = 16.1
| Jul record low C = 18.1
| Aug record low C = 20.2
| Sep record low C = 17.4
| Oct record low C = 12.5
| Nov record low C = 6.7
| Dec record low C = 2.8
| year record low C = 1.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 14.8
| Feb rain mm = 15.6
| Mar rain mm = 7.9
| Apr rain mm = 10.5
| May rain mm = 46.2
| Jun rain mm = 187.8
| Jul rain mm = 353.5
| Aug rain mm = 330.8
| Sep rain mm = 220.7
| Oct rain mm = 47.8
| Nov rain mm = 1.1
| Dec rain mm = 4.1
| year rain mm = 1240.9
| Jan rain days = 1.2
| Feb rain days = 1.6
| Mar rain days = 0.7
| Apr rain days = 0.9
| May rain days = 3.1
| Jun rain days = 7.4
| Jul rain days = 13.2
| Aug rain days = 13.0
| Sep rain days = 8.7
| Oct rain days = 2.0
| Nov rain days = 0.2
| Dec rain days = 0.3
| year rain days = 52.3
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 67
| Feb humidity = 54
| Mar humidity = 39
| Apr humidity = 31
| May humidity = 39
| Jun humidity = 56
| Jul humidity = 73
| Aug humidity = 76
| Sep humidity = 74
| Oct humidity = 68
| Nov humidity = 67
| Dec humidity = 69
| year humidity = 59
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Gorakhpur Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 297–298
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M216
| access-date = 27 April 2020}}</ref>
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1>
{{cite web
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42379
| title = Normals Data: Gorakhpur – India Latitude: 26.75°N Longitude: 83.37°E Height: 78 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref>
}}Gorakhpur has been ranked 4th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}</ref>


==Demographics==
The city is famous for handwoven fabric made on a Hathkargha, a hand-operated loom, and Terracota products but there is on care-taker of that for greater commercial perspective. There are branches of all major nationalized banks as well as of private banks like ICICI, HDFC, AXIS,IDBI, IndusInd, ING Vysya Bank in the city.The Kayastha Bank which was stared in Gorakhpur where later on Bank of Bengal branch was started in the same premises in 1906. The Bank of Bengal was later merged with Imperial Bank of India(IBI)along with other presidency banks (Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras). This branch therefore named Main branch of Imperial Bank of India. The IBI after India became independent was named as [http://www.sbi.co.in State Bank of India] [SBI] w.e.f. 1 July 1955. Still Main branch of SBI is functioning there. The road of this Bank was known as Bank Road and as of now most of the Banks have their branches on this road. SBI has it's ATM Plaza with 5 Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in a row which is first of it's kind not only in Gorakhpur but also in entire India. The idea of this ATM Plaza with five ATMs at one point was conceived by the then Assistant General Manager (AGM) of the SBI main branch [http://www.spmishra.8m.com Shri Shive Prakash Mishra] (S.P.Mishra)in order to ensure continuous availability of the ATM facility to public at large and also to create a record for SBI in Gorakhpur. With the Lead Bank's responsibility SBI has 53 branches in the District.
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Gorakhpur City (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=[[Religion]]
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|77.88}}<!-- Please do not change any of these numbers without adding a reference to back it up -->
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|20.61}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Uttar Pradesh|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.74}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.77}}
}}


As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Gorakhpur had a total population of 673,446, of which 353,907 were males and 319,539 were females. It has a [[sex ratio]] of 903 females per 1000 males. The population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 69,596. Gorakhpur had a literacy rate of 75.2%, of which male literacy was 79.4% and female literacy was 70.6%. The effective literacy rate of the 7+ population of Gorakhpur was 83.9%, of which the male literacy rate was 88.7% and the female literacy rate was 78.6%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 62,728 and 2,929, respectively. Gorakhpur had 112,237 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Gorakhpur |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=212078 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=16 December 2019}}</ref>
High water mark of the city, '''"Golghar"''', in almost the geographical center of the city includes several major shops, hotels, banks, and restaurants, as well as the Baldev Plaza, Mangalam Tower and City shopping malls. Baldev Plaza is the oldest and largest shopping mall in the region. Other Malls, such as Crossroads mall, can also be found in adjoining Baxipur area. City Mall holds a 3 screen SRS Multiplex which is an attraction for movie lovers. Buxipur area accounts for one of the biggest book markets of North Eastern Uttar Pradesh.


According to a 2020 report, 31 villages have been incorporated in the municipal corporation limits increasing the population to over 1 million. The city area has also increased from 145.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> in 2011 to 226.6&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Merged"/>
=== Culture ===
'''Food''':-The city of Gorakhpur is saturated with culture. There is a rich abundance of tradition and culture that can be seen every day in the picturesque city of Gorakhpur. When visiting Gorakhpur you notice the harmonious way of life and pace in the city. You will be taken away by the beautiful people and impressive traditions that they continue to practice on a regular basis. The breathtaking scenery along with the rich culture of the people make Gorakhpur a sensational place to be.The number of those who eat meat, fish and eggs is also considerable. Meat is not generally available in the villages and many even in towns, can hardly afford it. Wheat, rice, gram, maize, and pulses along with curd, milk, vegetables, ghee and vegetable oils, constitute the items of daily food, rice being the staple food of the people. Coarse grains like jowar, makka, bajra, barley, kodon, and sawan form the staple diet of the poor. Among villagers sattu, flour of parched gram and barley mixes mixed, and chabena (parched grain) are quite popular. Finely ground sattu is used in towns also. people generally take meals a day, about midday and at sunset or after or morning and evening. Roti or chapati or rice is eaten with a bowl of pulse or with cooked vegetable, pickles, curd, or only salt jaggery or onion.Tea is common. Milk is gradually becoming rare. Seasonal fruits and vegetables are used. Efforts are being made by various food departments to change the food habits of the people and to induce them to grow and eat more vegetables, use more eggs, etc, but there has not much impact uptil now.Gorakhpur has a delicious cuisine choices that are traditional cultural platters of Galawati and Kakori kabobs in Oudh to Rampuri Fish.


The state government has also declared Gorakhpur,as a metropolis on 22 November 2021. Apart from Gorakhpur Municipal Corporation, the government has declared three nagar panchayats and eight development blocks as a metropolitan area. For this, the urban Development Department has issued a notification to the city. According to the order issued by the Additional Chief Secretary, Urban Development, now in Gorakhpur Metropolitan Region, Municipal Corporation, Nagar Panchayat [[Pipraich]], Nagar Panchayat PPganj, Nagar Panchayat Mundera Bazar, Chargawa, Khorabar, Pipraich, Sardar Nagar, Piprauli, Jungle Kaudiya, Campierganj and The entire area of Bhathat development block has been covered. After this the population of Gorakhpur metropolis will be around 25 lakhs.<ref name="amarujala.com"/>
'''Art''':- In Gorakhpur wood carvers chisel on local doors and sills perfecting their craft and keeping the buildings as well as local homes restored. The daily culture and life in Gorakhpur is calm and diligent. There are images of Gods and Goddesses made from stone blocks that adorn every temple and shrine in Gorakhpur because it is a city rich in religious culture.


{{pie chart
'''Music''':-One of the biggest part of Gorakhpur’s culture is the tradition of folk-songs and folk-dances. This is a very artistic vivid part of Gorakhpur’s culture. After a long day of work they unwind with singing and dancing. They have different dances and songs for special occasions also. Folk-songs are performed at different festivals and seasons during the year. They sing the kaharwa at Deepawali, the Alha, Kajri,k Barahmasi during the rainy and winter nights, and the Phaag during Holi. The people of Gorakhpur use the harmonium, dholak, manjira, mridung, nagara, thali, and nagara as musical instruments when they perform. Some of the most popular folk-dances is saved for the special occasion of festivals, fairs, and marriages to celebrate. Gorakhpur’s heritage of songs and dances is a important part of their culture.The village folk generally look for recreation and amusement during the rainy season between agriculture operations, and on winter nights, when they are comparatively free. They sing folk songs called biraha, kajari, bidesia and malhar, to the accompaniment of handy musical instruments like dholak and majira and often harmonium too. Kajari and holi are sung in groups.
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages in Gorakhpur (2011)<ref name="Lang"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 82.41 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 10.57 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value3 = 6.26 |color3 = gold
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.76 |color4 = grey
}}


[[Hindi]] is the most spoken language in the city, although many of those recorded as speaking 'Hindi' actually speak [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]. Urdu is also spoken here.<ref name="Lang">{{cite web |title=2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |access-date=27 June 2022 |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
'''Dress''' :- The normal dress at home of the men, both Hindus and Muslims is shirt or Kurta and dhoti or pyjama. While going out, however, they generally put on trousers with coat, shirt or bushirts, etc., which has become the dress of working class. Once back home they revert to the normal dress. On formal occasions, men wear sherwani or achakan and churidar or the loose pyjama. In villages men still wear turban.
The normal dress of women is sari and blouse or choli i.e., short blouse. The punjabi women however put on salwar, kurta and dupatta. Some Muslim women still wear churidar pyjama or garara with kurta and dupatta. In the town of Gorakhpur young girls are also seen wearing skirt and slacks, salwar, garara or sharara with kurta and dupatta and recently now bell-bottomed pyjamas with kamiz have in vogue. The use of the lehanga (full long skirt) still persists among the women of the villages or on ceremonial occasions in Hindu families. Women usually cover their head with dupatta or sari and men use cloth caps.


==Transport==
'''Jewellery''' :- Men do not wear jewellery except a gold chain in the neck and rings on the fingers are worn by a few. Women as usual wear gold, silver or nickel jewellery according to their means and taste. Costume jewellery is also in vogues now in all communities. The following are the common items in both the rural and urban areas.
Bunda and jhumki(ear ring), kara for hands and feet both, lachcha, payal (anklets), keel and nath (nose-stud and nose-ring); hansuli (tight neck-lace), karadhani(gold or silver waist band), anguthi (ring), and panchhaila (wristlet). Silver bichhia i.e.toe-ring is a must for every married Hindu women.


===Railways===
'''Amusements and Recreations''' :- There are thirteen cinema house in the district having a total capacity of six thousand seats.Cinema is the cheapest and the most popular means of entertainment. Documentaries and mobile cinema cater for the rural areas of the district. Dramatic societies and circuses also visit the district now and then. Dangal (wrestling matches), nautanki (indigenous open-air dramatic performances), bhajan and qawwali programmes, kavi-sammelan and mushaira are also arranged at different places from time to time. Besides in the local fairs swings, children's carnival, magic shows etc. are also arranged. Ramlila and Krishnalila provide entertainment in their own way. Occasionally artists and troupes from outside visit the district and provide entertainment.
{{Main|Gorakhpur Junction railway station}}
[[File:Front gate of Gorakhpur Junction railway station.jpg|thumb|240px|Gorakhpur Junction railway station]]
Gorakhpur is connected through a rail network and [[Gorakhpur Junction railway station|Gorakhpur railway station]]. Until March 2021, it had world's longest platform of 1366 meters.{{Efn|Since March 2021 Hubballi railway station's Pf no.1 is world longest platform, its length is 1,505 meters.}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Huralimath |first=Arunkumar |date=21 March 2021 |title=World's longest railway platform in Hubballi in its final stage of construction |work=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2021/mar/21/worlds-longest-railway-platform-in-hubballiin-its-final-stage-of-construction-2279648.html |access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref> In February 2020, 100 flowering pots with the support structures were made and installed on the hydrant pipe at platform No.2 to increase the plantation and natural cover, using local resources of the Gorakhpur coaching depot.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nikita |first1=Prasad |title=Indian Railways unique initiative! Flowering pots installed over hydrant pipe at Gorakhpur station; details |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/indian-railways-unique-initiative-flowering-pots-installed-over-hydrant-pipe-at-gorakhpur-station-details/1866804/ |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=The Financial Express |date=13 February 2020}}</ref>


The station offers Class A-1 railway station facilities. From 6 October 2013, Gorakhpur had the [[Railway platform#Longest|world's longest railway platform]], after inauguration of the remodelled Gorakhpur Yard, with a stretch of around {{Convert|1355.40|m|mi|abbr=|sigfig=2}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gorakhpur gets world's largest railway platform |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Gorakhpur-gets-worlds-largest-railway-platform/articleshow/23616764.cms |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=7 October 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mynews.in/News/gorakhpur_railway_station_to_have_longest_platform_in_asia_N33503.html |title=Gorakhpur Railway Station to have longest platform in Asia |last=Jha |first=Aditi |date=23 December 2009 |work =MyNews |access-date=1 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002082734/http://www.mynews.in/News/gorakhpur_railway_station_to_have_longest_platform_in_asia_N33503.html |archive-date=2 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gorakhpur railway station's remodelling in final stage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/gorakhpur-railway-stations-remodelling-in-final-stage/articleshow/20388999.cms |access-date=26 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=2 June 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=longest_platform>{{cite news|title=Gorakhpur gets world's longest railway platform|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/gorakhpur-gets-world-longest-railway-platform--28952.html|access-date=7 October 2013|newspaper=[[Amar Ujala|अमर उजाला (Amar Ujala)]]|date=13 February 2012}}</ref>
=== People ===
The major composition of population Hindu- Kayasth, Brahmins and Rajputs & ancient republic kshatriyas sainthwar and mall Rajputs; Muslims;Sikh:Christians. In recent times people from Bihar have started settling in Gorakhpur.


Gorakhpur is the headquarters of [[North Eastern Railway Zone (India)|North Eastern Railways]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ner.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,283 |title=North Eastern Railway |website=indianrailways.gov.in |access-date=21 October 2011}}</ref>
The language of Gorakhpur consists of Hindi and Bhojpuri. Both of these languages is widely used in India. The Hindi language has over 300 million native speakers. It is the mother tongue of over 400 million Indians. There are some local variations in the language of Hindi which is spoken in Gorakhpur but it is the most widely used language of the city. The second language of the city of Gorakhpur is Bhojpuri. There are numerous dialects of Bhojpuri especially in the Uttar Pradesh region. Bhojpuri blends the vocabulary of Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu, as well as other Indo-Aryan type of languages consistent in northern India. The language of Bhojpuri is related to Bihari languages. The language of Bhojpuri that is spoken frequently in Gorakhpur is also spoken in Fiji, Trinidad, Tobago, Guyana, Mauritius, and Suriname.


===Notable people===
===Air===
{{Main|Gorakhpur Airport}}
*[[Guru Gorakhnath]], saint
[[File:Gorakhpur_Airport_new_terminal_building.jpg|thumb|240px|A look to the Mahayogi Gorakhnath Airport]]
*[[Gautam Buddha]], saint
An Air Force station of [[Indian Air Force]] was established in Gorakhpur in 1963 named [[Mahayogi Gorakhnath Airport]] and extended for public air transport.<ref>[http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_unit.php?ch=42 No. 105 Helicopter Unit]. [[Indian Air Force]]</ref>
*[[Kabirdas]]. saint
*[[Firaq Gorakhpuri]], Urdu poet
*[[Premchand]], Hindi writer
*[[Hanuman Prasad Poddar]], activist and editor
*[[Vithal Das Modi]],founder Arogya Mandir
*[[Subrata Roy]], business man
*[[Panne Lal Yadav]], wrestler
*[[Ramasrya Pahelwan]],Wrestler
*[[Omair Ahmad]], Author
*[[Asit Sen (actor)|Asit Sen]],Famous Comedian
*[[Vidya Niwas Mishra]], scholar of Hindi and Sanskrit
*[[Daler Mehndi]], singer
*[[dr sharad mani tripathi]], Music Director
*[[Kanhaiya Srivastava]], Music Director & Recordist
*[[Syed Modi]], badminton player
*[[Vineet Kumar Chaturvedi]],Peppeganj,Famous Social Activist,Hindi Poet,
*[[Narendra Hirwani]], cricket player
*[[Prem Maya Sonir]], hockey playerAwardee.
*[[Anurag Kashyap (director)|Anurag Kashyap]], film director and screenwriter.
*[[Jimmy Shergill]], actor
*[[Raj Shankar]], biochemist
*[[Leo Amery]], politician and journalist
*[[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]], Bollywood composer duo
*[[Billy Arjan Singh]], hunter turned conservationist, author
*[[Raza Murad]], actor
*[[Amrita Sher-Gil]], painter
*[[Vaibhav Saxena]], bollywood music director
*[[Vir Bahadur Singh]],Former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and Union Cabinet Minister of Communication.
*[[Chunky Pandey]], actor
*[[Saurabh Shukla]], film and television actor, director and screenwriter
*[[Mahendra Nath Mulla]], Navy officer
*[[Varsha Raffel]], cricketer
*[[Brahmalina Sri Jaydayal Goyandka]],Geeta press founder
*[[Yasir Abbasi]], Cinematographer
*[[Mike Pandey]], Wildlife activist and Award winning Documentary maker
*[[Avinash Dubey]],Dance sangram 2010 winner (mahuaa tv)
*[[Praveen Kr.Singh]] Jet Airways Manager
*[[Sanjay Sharma & Indu Sharma]] Founder Gorakhpurinfo.com
*[[Shive Prakash Mishra]]] Asstt. General Manager, State Bank of India, Gorakhpur
* Satyendra Pratap Singh] well known economic journalist comes from Gorakhpur.
*[Ishwari Prasad Tripathi] founder of Deepshikha kanya Inter College,peeppeganj,Gorakhpur.
Shakir Ali Barrister (1879–1962) was born on 7 June 1879 in a respectable Abbasi family of Kakori a small town about 20 miles from Lucknow(India)the Capital of United Provinces during British rule. His ancestors acted as Quazi during the Moghal regime,the family also holds a decree (Sanad)from the Emperor Akber.He completed his early education from MAO Aligarh(now Aligarh Muslim University). He went to England in 1905 to join Lincoln's Inn for his degree in Law.In 1908 he graduated and came back to India. He was appointed inspector of Schools but after some time he preferred to go into his own legal practice. He resigned the post and started his own practice as a Barrister in Gorakhpur. He was one of the well known criminal lawyers of India. He had occasions to appear in some of the most important and noted cases e.g.Meerut Conspiracy Case, the Indian National Army(INA)trial held in Red Fort Delhi, Kakori Train Dacoity and Chauri Chaura Arson case.


===Metro===
During the Quit India Movement he joined the Congress and very soon became a force to recon in the party, became a member in the Executive Committee and was very popular in whole of the eastern region of India.
{{Main|Gorakhpur Metro}}
[[Gorakhpur Metro]] is a light metro project with 2 line and 27 stations is [[light rail transit]] (LRT) system approved to be built in Gorakhpur. It consist two corridors covering a distance of 27.84&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.jagran.com/lite/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-up-cabinet-decision-gorakhpur-metro-rail-dpr-gets-green-signal-from-uttar-pradesh-cabinet-4672-crores-will-be-spent-20858589.html|date=10 March 2020|title=Gorakhpur metro rail gets green signal from up cabinet,4672 crores will be spent|publisher=Dainik jagran|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref>
On 1 December 2021 the central government has also approved the DPR of Gorakhpur light metro project.<ref>{{cite web|title= Gorakhpur Metrolite: पब्लिक इन्वेस्टमेंट बोर्ड (पीआईबी) की बैठक में गोरखपुर मेट्रोलाइट रेल प्रोजेक्ट के फेज-1 को अप्रूवल मिला है.|url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/yogi-adityanath-said-gorakhpur-metrolite-phase-1-project-gets-pib-approval-ann-2008462/amp |access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref>


==Education==
Mr Shakir Ali was the member of the reformed Legislative Council from 1921 to 1923. He was a staunch nationalist throughout his life and led the Khilafat Movement in Gorakhpur in 1920.
[[File:MMMUT main building, admin block.jpg|thumb|Administrative Block of [[Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology|MMMUT]]]]
{{Main|List of educational institutions in Gorakhpur}}
Gorakhpur has 4 universities, namely, [[Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University]], [[Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology]], [[Maha Yogi Guru Gorakhnath Ayush University]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Gazette - Government of Uttar Pradesh |url=http://upvidhai.gov.in/MediaGallery/6of2021.pdf |website=upvidhai.gov.in/ |access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref> [[Mahayogi Gorakhnath University]], a private university.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shukla |first=Satish Chandra |date=23 April 2021 |title=गोरखपुर में दो सौ एकड़ में बनकर तैयार हुआ महायोगी गुरु गोरखनाथ विश्वविद्यालय Gorakhpur News|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-study-from-july-at-mahayogi-guru-gorakhnath-university-21583946.html |work=Dainik Jagran |access-date=29 August 2021 |language=hi}}</ref> One [[medical college]] named [[Baba Raghav Das Medical College]] and [[AIIMS Gorakhpur]] and a sports [[college]] named [[Veer Bahadur Singh Sports College, Gorakhpur|Veer Bahadur Singh Sports College]]. The state's first [[Hotel Manager|Hotel Management]] Institute has also been unveiled and would be known as State Institute of Hotel Management.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Pradeep |title=गोरखपुर के गीडा में खुलेगा प्रदेश का पहला स्टेट इंस्टीट्यूट आफ होटल मैनेजमेंट |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-now-the-state-first-state-institute-of-hotel-management-will-open-in-gida-22007664.html |access-date=29 June 2022 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=10 September 2021 |language=hi}}</ref> Also, four private engineering / pharmacy / management college,ITM,KIPM,BIT, GIDA & SIT, Gorakhpur<ref>{{Cite web|title=AKTU ERP Know Your College|url=https://erp.aktu.ac.in/WebPages/KYC/CollegeDetailedInformation.aspx?Inst=120 |website=erp.aktu.ac.in|access-date=29 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="ITM, Gorakhpur, Website">{{Cite web|title= ITM, Gorakhpur, Website|url=https://www.itmgkp.edu.in/|access-date=29 June 2022}}</ref> which is affiliated with [[Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University]], Lucknow. It also has a dental institute named as Purvanchal Institute Of Dental Science in gida, gorakhpur.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dental College in Gorakhpur BDS college in Gorakhpur UP India PIDS |url=https://www.pidsgkp.com/ |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=Pidsgkp.com}}</ref>


==Sports==
He retired in 1956 after practising Criminal Law for 45 years and died at the age of 84 on 26 December 1962.
*[[Veer Bahadur Singh Sports College, Gorakhpur]]
*[[Syed Modi Railway Stadium]]


=== Literature ===
==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
[[Munshi Premchand]] (1880–1936), one of India's great Hindi novelists, lived in Gorakhpur. The house where he lived and wrote still stands in a park named Munshi Premchand Park.
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
* [[Yogi Adityanath]], 21st and current Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
* [[Leo Amery]], British Cabinet Minister
* [[Mahant Avaidyanath]] Indian politician, and hindu guru
* [[Premindra Singh Bhagat]], recipient of [[Victoria Cross]]
* [[Ram Upendra Das]], economist
* [[Amrapali Dubey]], actress
* [[Ravi Dubey]], actor
* [[Mahmood Farooqui]], Indian writer, artist and director
* [[Firaq Gorakhpuri]], Indian Urdu writer
* [[Majnun Gorakhpuri]], Pakistani short story writer, poet and literary critic
* [[Bilal U. Haq]], geo-scientist and poet
* [[Narendra Hirwani]], international cricket player
* [[Anurag Kashyap]], filmmaker
* [[Kafeel Khan]], physician
* [[Ravi Kishan]], Member of Parliament from [[Gorakhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gorakhpur Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Nurul Ain Lari]], known as Ahmar Lari, Urdu scholar
* [[Tabassum Mansoor]], Indian educationist in [[Libya]]
* [[Vidya Niwas Mishra]], Hindi-Sanskrit littérateur, and a journalist
* [[Syed Modi]], badminton player, winner of [[Arjuna Award]]
* [[Mahendra Nath Mulla]], [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]], officer of the [[Indian Navy]]
* [[Jamuna Nishad]], Indian politician
* [[Praveen Kumar Nishad]], Indian politician
* [[Sanjay Nishad]], politician, founder of [[NISHAD Party]]
* [[Kamlesh Paswan]], politician and Member of Parliament, [[17th Lok Sabha]]
* [[Subrata Roy]], Indian businessman, founder of [[Sahara India Pariwar]]
* [[Asit Sen (actor)|Asit Sen]], Bollywood actor
* [[Jimmy Sheirgill]], actor
* [[Prakash Shukla]], Indian contract killer
* [[Saurabh Shukla]], actor
* [[Shiv Pratap Shukla]], Indian politician and social worker
* [[Bandhu Singh]], freedom fighter
* [[Kedarnath Singh]], poet, critic
* [[Lilavati Singh]], educator
* [[Vir Bahadur Singh]], former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
* [[Prem Maya Sonir]], hockey player
* [[Hari Shankar Tiwari]], Indian politician
* [[Amarmani Tripathi]], Indian politician
* [[Paramahansa Yogananda]], yoga guru, founder of [[Self-Realization Fellowship]]/[[Yogoda Satsanga Society of India]]


==See also==
[[Firaq Gorakhpuri]] (1896–1982) (Raghupati Sahay), the famous Urdu poet, grew up in Gorakhpur, where his childhood home still stands. He later moved to [[Allahabad]] where he was a professor of English at [[Allahabad University]].
* [[Gorakhpur Cantonment railway station]]
* [[Ramgarh Tal Lake]]


==Notes==
Famous music director ''[[Pyarelal]]'' of Lakxmikant-Pyarelal (LP) was born in Gorakhpur.
{{Notelist}}


==References==
Famous Poet and critic, Majnoon Gorakhpuri, is also from Gorakhpur
{{Reflist}}


{{Gorakhpur district}}
Renowned Urdu poet [[Mohammad Umar Khan 'Umar']] aka [[Umar Gorakhpuri]], a disciple of legendary poet [[Nawab Mirza Khan Dagh|Dagh Dehelvi]], also belonged to Gorakhpur. A collection of his selected poetry entitled ''"Bada-i-Kuhna"'' (The Old Wine) has recently been published.
{{Authority control}}


{{Uttar Pradesh}}
Gorakhpur is also the home to the '''[[Gita Press]]''', publishers of many [[Hindu]] holy texts, including the [[Bhagavad Gita]]. The Press was the first to publish the text as a book; prior to this the Gita existed solely in the [[oral tradition]] of the [[Brahmin]].Gita press holds a place in the Guinness book of world reecords as the largest publisher of religious books in the world in terms of volume. The publishing company is located in a building with [[marble]] walls inscribed with the 18 chapters of the Gita, and hung with paintings depicting the lives of [[Rama]] and [[Krishna]].
dewaker ram ,national hockey player


== Transport ==
==External links==
*''[https://gorakhpur.nic.in/ '''Gorakhpur''' Municipal Government] ([[National Informatics Centre|NIC]])''
=== Railways ===
*''[http://up.gov.in/upmap.aspx '''Uttar Pradesh''' Government District NIC]''
Gorakhpur railway station is the headquarters of India's North East Railway. It connects to almost every major city in India. Direct trains connect to [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Chennai]], [[Agra]], [[Bhopal]], [[Gwalior]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Ujjain]], [[Jaipur]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Trivandrum]], [[Mumbai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Delhi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Lucknow]], [[Kanpur]], [[Varanasi]], [[Amritsar]], [[Jammu]], [[Pune]], [[Guwahati]], [[Nagpur]] and other distant parts of the nation. The station offers Class A railway station facilities.

=== Roadways ===

Major national highways intersect at Gorakhpur, including NH 28 and 29. Some important distances are: Kushinagar 50&nbsp;km, Lucknow 276&nbsp;km, Varanasi 231&nbsp;km, Allahabad 339&nbsp;km, Agra 624&nbsp;km, Delhi 783&nbsp;km, Kolkata 770&nbsp;km, Gwalior 730&nbsp;km, Bhopal 922&nbsp;km and Mumbai 1690&nbsp;km. Frequent bus services are available for most of these cities. Considerable improvement in this aspect is expected after the completion of the [[east-west corridor]] road project that enhances Gorakhpur's road connectivity.

=== Air lines ===
Gorakhpur is served by an airport located 6&nbsp;km east from the city centre. It caters primarily to [[Indian Air Force]] traffic. A small number of domestic airlines '''Jetlite''' (Jet Airways) operate civil aviation services to Delhi,Mumbai and elsewhere. Gorakhpur is also host to many tourists who use it as a hub to travel to Lord [[Buddha]]'s pilgrimage sites.

JetLite, Jet Airways' wholly-owned all-economy subsidiary has introduced a direct flight connecting Gorakhpur to Delhi five times a week with immediate effect
Flight S2 6125 will depart New Delhi at 1430 hrs and arrive Gorakhpur at 1550 hrs. On the return leg, flight S2 6126 will depart Gorakhpur at 1620 hrs and arrive New Delhi at 1740 hrs.
Passengers may contact the airline call centre on 3030 2020 or the toll free number 1800 -22-3020.
http://www.jetlite.com

=== Important places ===

* Gorakhnath Temple, a monastery dedicated to saint Gorakshanath.
* Imambara-18th century dargah of Roshan Ali Shah(Sufi Saint)
* Geeta press
* Fertilizer Factory
* Surajkund
* Vishnu Mandir
* Aroyga Mandir
* Lord Buddha Sangrahalaya, a Buddhist museum.
* Maghar - The place where saint Kabir died.
* Kushinagar - The place where Lord Buddha died (niraavana).
* Pawa - lord mahavir jain death place
* Kapilvastu - City where Lord Buddha grew up.
* Lumbini, Nepal - Birthplace of Lord Buddha.
* Ramkola mandir
* Gorakhpur, Bhudiya Maai Mandir
* Gorakhpur Lehra devi mandir, Farenda
* Gorakhpur Tarkulha devi mandir, Gorakhpur
* Taramandal Planetarium (founded by then chief minister Sri Vir Bahadur Singh)
* Jama Masjid, Gorakhnath Gorakhnath
* Gorakhpur railways
* Railway museum
* Indian airforce (jaguar station)
* World biggest Sahara India pariwar (First established in whole world)
* Saraswati sishu mandir (First established in whole world)
* Ambedkar Park
* Govt. Whee-Park
* Nehru Entertainment Park
* Vinod Van Zoo (2nd largest in UP)
* Ram Garh Tal Lake
* Indra gandhi bal vihar
* Syed Modi Railway Stadium
* Gorkha rifles resiment
* Neer nikunj (Biggest water park in UP)

* Saheed smarak (Martyr's Memorial) (Chauri Chaura)
* Saheed smarak (doharia kala,pali,sahjanwa)
* Geeta Vatika

== Radio stations ==
*Radio stations in Gorakhpur:
**All India Radio (FM) (100.1&nbsp;MHz)
**Radio Mantra (FM)(91.9&nbsp;MHz)
**All India Radio(MW)(909KHz)

== Main Schools, Colleges and Universities ==
DDU University, BRD Medical College and [http://www.mmmec.net MMM Engineering College] are there from decades. There are also some newly opened private colleges like Institute of Technology and Management, GIDA and a Purvanchal Dental College, GIDA.The city also has some good Schools famous in nearby regions. Among them major are Springer Public School,Springer Loretto Girls' School G.N.National Public School, H.P Children's Academy, Saraswati Shishu Mandir Sr. Secondary School, St. Joseph's School, Carmel School, N.E.R. Sr. Secondary School, Little Flower School and Central Academy,DOEACC SOCIETY GORAKHPUR & IGNOU Study Center is MMM Engineering Collage.

===Schools & Intermediate colleges===
* Mahatma Ganghi Inter College
* Govt. Jublee Inter college
* Ayodhya das GVT. Girls inter college
* Springer Public School
* Springer Loretto Girls' School
* Springer Balasthali
* G.N.National Public School
* Saraswati Shishu Mandir Sr. Secondary School
* St. Joseph's School
* Carmel School
* N.E.R. Sr. Secondary School
* Little Flower School
* Central Academy
* N.E.R.BOYS INTER COLLEGE
* N.E.R.GIRLS INTER COLLEGE
* M.P. Inter College
* D.A.V. Inter college
* army public school
* MPP Arkanya Intermediate girls college
* kendriya vidyalaya
* Metropolitan school
* St Paul's School
* RAMPUS
* Virendra Nath Ganguly Memorial School, Basharatpur
* Imam Bara Muslim Girls inter college.
* Ramdei Devi Girls Inter College
* Sanskriti Public School
* Marwar inter college
* D.B. Inter College, Zafra Bazar
* Vikas Bharti School
* Saraswati Shishu Mandir,Pakkibag,Gorakhpur
* Hallmark public school
* HP Children's Academy
* M. P. Inter College
* S.N.S. High School Sangam Chowk Padari Bazar, Gorakhpur
* Deepsikha kanya inter coolege, Peppeganj,Gorakhpur

===Degree college===
* Pt. Harishaya Degree College, Belghat Gorakhpur
* Islamia Collage of Commerce
* St. Andrew's Degree College, Civil lines, Gorakhpur [http://www.st-andrews-college.org/]
* Digvijay Nath Degree College
* Imambara Degree college
* Deen Dayal Upadyaay Govt Degree College Sahjanwa
* M.G. Post Graduate College
* Marwar Business college, near jhankar cinema, Ghazi Rauza
* Shyameswar Degree College,Sikariganj, Gorakhpur
* Veer Bahadur Singh Degree college, Harnahi , Gorakhpur
* Chandra Kanti Ramavati Arya Mahila P.G. College, Gorakhpur
* Bapu Degree College peppeganj, gorakhpur.

===Engineering college===

* MMM Engineering College, Kudaghat
* INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT,Gida ,Gorakhpur
* INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT FOR WOMEN,Gida,Gorakhpur
* BUDDHA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,Gida,Gorakhpur
* SUYASH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,Gorakhpur
* KAILASH INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & MANAGEMENT, Gorakhpur

===Polytechnic institute===

* Govt Polytechnic college
* Govt ITI college
* icm college

===Other professional institutions===

#MMM Engineering College,Kudaghat
#Institute of Technology & Management,Gida
#ITM Pharmacy College, Gida
#Buddha Institute of Technology, Gida
#ITM Technical College for Women,Gida
#'''NIIT CIVIL LINES''', Park Road
#'''NIIT ASURAN''', Medical Road
#DOEACC Society, Gorakhpur
#S.N.S Institute of Information Technology, Sangam Chowk Padari Bazar, Gorakhpur
#AniClick Animation, Infront Vijay Cineplex, Bank Road, Gorakhpur

===Medical/Dental Colleges===
#purvanchal inst.of dental sciences

* BRD Medical College

===Universities===

* DDU University [http://www.ddugu.edu.in/]
#

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://gorakhpur.nic.in Official district web site]
* [http://gorakhpur.nic.in/personal.htm Famous people from Gorakhpur]
* [http://gkpdiv.up.nic.in Official Divisional web site]

{{Gorakhpur district}}


[[Category:Gorakhpur| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gorakhpur district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gorakhpur district]]
[[Category:Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]

[[ca:Gorakhpur]]
[[de:Gorakhpur]]
[[fr:Gorakhpur]]
[[hi:गोरखपुर]]
[[bpy:গোরখপুর]]
[[it:Gorakhpur]]
[[kn:ಗೋರಖಪುರ]]
[[pam:Gorakhpur]]
[[mr:गोरखपुर]]
[[new:गोरखपुर]]
[[ja:ゴーラクプル]]
[[no:Gorakhpur]]
[[pl:Gorakhpur]]
[[fi:Gorakhpur]]
[[sv:Gorakhpur]]
[[th:โคราฆปุระ]]
[[vi:Gorakhpur]]
[[war:Gorakhpur]]

Latest revision as of 10:06, 19 December 2024

This article is about the city in Uttar Pradesh, India. For other uses, see Gorakhpur (disambiguation).

Gorakhpur
Gorakshapuram
Metropolis[1]
From Top Clockwise : Gorakhnath Temple, Aerial View of Ramgarh Tal, AIIMS Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur Zoo
From Top Clockwise : Gorakhnath Temple, Aerial View of Ramgarh Tal, AIIMS Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur Zoo
Official seal of Gorakhpur
Seal
Gorakhpur is located in Uttar Pradesh
Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur is located in India
Gorakhpur
Gorakhpur
Coordinates: 26°45′49″N 83°24′14″E / 26.7637152°N 83.4039116°E / 26.7637152; 83.4039116
Country India
State Uttar Pradesh
DistrictGorakhpur
DivisionGorakhpur
Named forGorakhnath
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyGorakhpur Municipal Corporation
 • MayorManglesh Kumar Srivastava[2] (BJP)
 • Lok Sabha MPRavi Kishan, (BJP)
 • Municipal CommissionerAvinash Singh[3]
Area
[4]
 • GMC
226.0 km2 (87.3 sq mi)
 • Metro [1][5][6]1,041.0 km2 (401.9 sq mi)
Elevation
75 m (246 ft)
Population
 (2011-2020 hybrid)[7] [8][9]
 • GMC
1,300,000
 • Density5,800/km2 (15,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
2,500,000[1][5][6]
Demonym(s)Gorakhpuri, Gorakhpuriya
Language
 • OfficialHindi[10]
 • Additional officialUrdu[10]
 • RegionalBhojpuri[11]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
2730xx
Telephone code+91-0551
Vehicle registrationUP-53
Sex ratio♂1000/903♀
Avg. annual temperature26 °C (79 °F)
Avg. summer temperature40 °C (104 °F)
Avg. winter temperature18 °C (64 °F)
Websitegorakhpur.nic.in

Gorakhpur is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, along the banks of the Rapti river in the Purvanchal region. It is situated 272 kilometres east of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarters of Gorakhpur district, North Eastern Railway Zone and Gorakhpur division. The city is home to the Gorakhnath Math, a Gorakhnath temple. The city also has had an Indian Air Force station since 1963. Gita Press, the world's largest publisher of Hindu religious texts like Ramayana and Mahabharata, has been established here since 1926.[a][12][13]

Etymology

[edit]

The name "Gorakhpur" comes from the Sanskrit Gorakshapuram, which means abode of Gorakshanatha, a renowned ascetic who was a prominent saint of the Nath Sampradaya.[14][15]

History

[edit]

The earliest forerunners of the settlement at Gorakhpur were probably "considerably to the north of the present town" because the course of the Rapti was then more to the north and east than it is today; it would have flowed through the present-day city and gone through what is now the Ramgarh Tal. Farmers digging wells in the 1800s/early 1900s would sometimes encounter pieces of old boats, which is indicative of the river's shift in course. The site of Gorakhpur would have been desirable for a human settlement because of its secure location — it is protected on the south and west by the Rapti and Rohin rivers, and in the past there were dense forests on the north and east, offering protection on those sides as well.[16]: 235 

The earliest event described in local tradition is the legendary construction of the Mansarowar and Kauladah tanks, in the area now called Purana Gorakhpur, in the 10th century. They are said to have been built by a married couple — Mansarowar is attributed to the husband, the prince Man Sen, while Kauladah is attributed to the wife, Kaulavati. Sometime after that, the area is said to have been ruled by a group known as the Domkatars, who built the Domingarh fort at the confluence of the Rapti and Rohin rivers. Still later, Gorakhpur is said to have been ruled by the Sarnet rajas of Satasi. Sometime around 1400, a family dispute is said to have prompted one branch of the Satasi dynasty to leave the old stronghold, on the shore of Ramgarh Tal, and move to a new location in what is now Purana Gorakhpur, near the shrine of the renowned ascetic Gorakhnath.[16]: 235–6, 239 

Mughal period

[edit]

In any case, Gorakhpur had become a large town by the time of Akbar, in the late 1500s. The earliest contemporary reference to a Mughal garrison at Gorakhpur is in 1572, when it was governed by Payanda Khan on behalf of Munim Khan, then subahdar of Jaunpur. Gorakhpur was for a long time the main Muslim garrison north of the Ghaghra, which may explain why it has such a prominent Muslim presence compared to other parts of the district.[16]: 178, 235–6 

In the Ain-i-Akbari (c. 1595), Gorakhpur is listed as the capital of a sarkar in the subah of Awadh. Sarkar Gorakhpur was divided into 24 mahals, and Gorakhpur itself was one of them. The mahal of Gorakhpur was listed with an assessed revenue of 567,385 dams and was expected to supply 200 infantry and 40 cavalry to the Mughal army. It was described as having a brick fort on the Rapti.[17]: 174–5 

Gorakhpur also had a mint under Akbar, issuing copper coins only. By the time of Aurangzeb, the Gorakhpur mint was also issuing silver coins. During the 1600s, based on Jean-Baptiste Tavernier's account of his travels in India, Gorakhpur played an important role as a centre for trade with the northern mountain regions.[18]: 33 

In the late 1600s, Gorakhpur was officially renamed Mu'azzamabad in honour of Prince Mu'azzam (the later Bahadur Shah I), and this name was used in official documents until the British takeover in 1801.[16]: 236 

Geography

[edit]
Ramgarh Tal Lake

Gorakhpur is situated about 100 km from the Nepal border, 193 km from Varanasi, 260 km from Patna and 270 km from Lucknow. It is one of the flood vulnerable districts in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Data over the past 100 years show a considerable increase in the intensity and frequency of floods, with extreme events occurring every three to four years. Roughly 20% of the population is affected by floods, which are an annual occurrence in some areas, causing huge loss of life, health, and livelihoods for the poor inhabitants, as well as damage to public and private property.[19]

Gorakhpur is situated on the bank's of Rapti river which is a tributary of Ghagra river. A fairly large lake Ramgarh Tal Lake is also situated in the eastern part of the city.

Climate

[edit]

The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is Cwa (dry-winter humid subtropical climate).[20]

Climate data for Gorakhpur (1991-2020, extremes 1901-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.0
(86.0) 		35.4
(95.7) 		42.4
(108.3) 		45.0
(113.0) 		49.4
(120.9) 		46.5
(115.7) 		43.2
(109.8) 		39.5
(103.1) 		38.5
(101.3) 		37.4
(99.3) 		36.8
(98.2) 		30.5
(86.9) 		49.4
(120.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 20.7
(69.3) 		26.0
(78.8) 		32.1
(89.8) 		37.4
(99.3) 		38.0
(100.4) 		36.3
(97.3) 		32.9
(91.2) 		32.7
(90.9) 		32.6
(90.7) 		32.3
(90.1) 		29.4
(84.9) 		23.8
(74.8) 		31.2
(88.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 14.8
(58.6) 		19.1
(66.4) 		24.2
(75.6) 		29.5
(85.1) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.4
(88.5) 		29.6
(85.3) 		29.4
(84.9) 		28.9
(84.0) 		26.5
(79.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		16.6
(61.9) 		25.3
(77.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8) 		11.8
(53.2) 		16.3
(61.3) 		21.3
(70.3) 		24.5
(76.1) 		26.1
(79.0) 		26.1
(79.0) 		25.8
(78.4) 		24.9
(76.8) 		20.9
(69.6) 		14.8
(58.6) 		10.3
(50.5) 		19.2
(66.6)
Record low °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8) 		2.8
(37.0) 		8.1
(46.6) 		12.2
(54.0) 		16.6
(61.9) 		16.1
(61.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		20.2
(68.4) 		17.4
(63.3) 		12.5
(54.5) 		6.7
(44.1) 		2.8
(37.0) 		1.0
(33.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 14.8
(0.58) 		15.6
(0.61) 		7.9
(0.31) 		10.5
(0.41) 		46.2
(1.82) 		187.8
(7.39) 		353.5
(13.92) 		330.8
(13.02) 		220.7
(8.69) 		47.8
(1.88) 		1.1
(0.04) 		4.1
(0.16) 		1,240.9
(48.85)
Average rainy days 1.2 1.6 0.7 0.9 3.1 7.4 13.2 13.0 8.7 2.0 0.2 0.3 52.3
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 67 54 39 31 39 56 73 76 74 68 67 69 59
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[21][22][23]
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[24]

Gorakhpur has been ranked 4th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[25]

Demographics

[edit]
Religion in Gorakhpur City (2011)[26]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 77.88%
Islam
 
 20.61%
Christianity
 
 0.74%
Other or not stated
 
 0.77%

As of 2011 Indian Census, Gorakhpur had a total population of 673,446, of which 353,907 were males and 319,539 were females. It has a sex ratio of 903 females per 1000 males. The population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 69,596. Gorakhpur had a literacy rate of 75.2%, of which male literacy was 79.4% and female literacy was 70.6%. The effective literacy rate of the 7+ population of Gorakhpur was 83.9%, of which the male literacy rate was 88.7% and the female literacy rate was 78.6%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 62,728 and 2,929, respectively. Gorakhpur had 112,237 households in 2011.[27]

According to a 2020 report, 31 villages have been incorporated in the municipal corporation limits increasing the population to over 1 million. The city area has also increased from 145.5 km2 in 2011 to 226.6 km2.[4]

The state government has also declared Gorakhpur,as a metropolis on 22 November 2021. Apart from Gorakhpur Municipal Corporation, the government has declared three nagar panchayats and eight development blocks as a metropolitan area. For this, the urban Development Department has issued a notification to the city. According to the order issued by the Additional Chief Secretary, Urban Development, now in Gorakhpur Metropolitan Region, Municipal Corporation, Nagar Panchayat Pipraich, Nagar Panchayat PPganj, Nagar Panchayat Mundera Bazar, Chargawa, Khorabar, Pipraich, Sardar Nagar, Piprauli, Jungle Kaudiya, Campierganj and The entire area of Bhathat development block has been covered. After this the population of Gorakhpur metropolis will be around 25 lakhs.[1]

Languages in Gorakhpur (2011)[28]

  Hindi (82.41%)
  Urdu (10.57%)
  Bhojpuri (6.26%)
  Others (0.76%)

Hindi is the most spoken language in the city, although many of those recorded as speaking 'Hindi' actually speak Bhojpuri. Urdu is also spoken here.[28]

Transport

[edit]

Railways

[edit]
Main article: Gorakhpur Junction railway station
Gorakhpur Junction railway station

Gorakhpur is connected through a rail network and Gorakhpur railway station. Until March 2021, it had world's longest platform of 1366 meters.[b][29] In February 2020, 100 flowering pots with the support structures were made and installed on the hydrant pipe at platform No.2 to increase the plantation and natural cover, using local resources of the Gorakhpur coaching depot.[30]

The station offers Class A-1 railway station facilities. From 6 October 2013, Gorakhpur had the world's longest railway platform, after inauguration of the remodelled Gorakhpur Yard, with a stretch of around 1,355.40 metres (0.84 mi).[31][32][33][34]

Gorakhpur is the headquarters of North Eastern Railways.[35]

Air

[edit]
Main article: Gorakhpur Airport
A look to the Mahayogi Gorakhnath Airport

An Air Force station of Indian Air Force was established in Gorakhpur in 1963 named Mahayogi Gorakhnath Airport and extended for public air transport.[36]

Metro

[edit]
Main article: Gorakhpur Metro

Gorakhpur Metro is a light metro project with 2 line and 27 stations is light rail transit (LRT) system approved to be built in Gorakhpur. It consist two corridors covering a distance of 27.84 km.[37] On 1 December 2021 the central government has also approved the DPR of Gorakhpur light metro project.[38]

Education

[edit]
Administrative Block of MMMUT
Main article: List of educational institutions in Gorakhpur

Gorakhpur has 4 universities, namely, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Maha Yogi Guru Gorakhnath Ayush University,[39] Mahayogi Gorakhnath University, a private university.[40] One medical college named Baba Raghav Das Medical College and AIIMS Gorakhpur and a sports college named Veer Bahadur Singh Sports College. The state's first Hotel Management Institute has also been unveiled and would be known as State Institute of Hotel Management.[41] Also, four private engineering / pharmacy / management college,ITM,KIPM,BIT, GIDA & SIT, Gorakhpur[42][43] which is affiliated with Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow. It also has a dental institute named as Purvanchal Institute Of Dental Science in gida, gorakhpur.[44]

Sports

[edit]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Gita press was initially formed in 1923 and started publishing only since 1927
  2. ^ Since March 2021 Hubballi railway station's Pf no.1 is world longest platform, its length is 1,505 meters.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "गोरखपुर को महानगर बनाने की अधिसूचना जारी". Amar Ujala (in Hindi). 21 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Gorakhpur seat stays with BJP, vote share rises". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  3. ^ "Gorakhpur Nagar Nigam". nagarnigamgkp.org. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  4. ^ a b "NIC GORAKHPUR 2011 CENSUS". Government of India, NIC. 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  5. ^ a b Gupta, Anurag (20 November 2021). "गोरखपुर भी महानगर क्षेत्र घोषित-यूपी सरकार ने जारी की अधिसूचना, अब हो सकेगा मेट्रो का संचालन". Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  6. ^ a b द्विवेदी, रामगोपाल (31 December 2021). "गोरखपुर के विकास के लिए 2031 तक का मास्टर प्लान तैयार, शहरी सीमा का ढाई गुना होगा विस्तार". News18 हिंदी (in Hindi). Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  7. ^ "outer-village-of-gorakhpur-included-in-municipal-corporation-boundary". Amarujala.
  8. ^ "बढ़ गया नगर निगम गोरखपुर का दायरा, अब संझाई समेत ये 32 गांव होंगे शहरी". Amarujala. 23 December 2020.
  9. ^ "एक लाख और बढ़ गई गोरखपुर शहर की आबादी,छह और गांव होंगे शहरी". Dainik jagran. 7 March 2020.
  10. ^ a b "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  11. ^ "Bhojpuri". Ethnologue. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  12. ^ "Gita Press | Hindu publishing organization". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  13. ^ Verma, Lalmani (28 July 2022). "A century old, how Gita Press came to be 'leading purveyor of print Hinduism'". The Indian Express. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  14. ^ "History – Origin of Name". gorakhpur.nic.in. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  15. ^ "Mallinson, James (2011) 'Nāth Saṃpradāya.' In: Brill Encyclopedia of Hinduism Vol. 3. Brill, pp. 407–428" (PDF). Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  16. ^ a b c d Nevill, H. R., ed. (1909). Gorakhpur: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXXI of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Allahabad: Government Press. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  17. ^ Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1891). The Ain-i-Akbari. Translated by Jarrett, Henry Sullivan. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  18. ^ Habib, Irfan (1982). An Atlas of the Mughal Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195603796. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  19. ^ Integrating climate change concerns into disaster management planning: The case of Gorakhpur, India by Shiraz A. Wajih and Shashikant Chopde, the Climate and Environment Knowledge Network, 2014
  20. ^ "Gorakhpur, India Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  21. ^ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  22. ^ "Station: Gorakhpur Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 297–298. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  23. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M216. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  24. ^ "Normals Data: Gorakhpur – India Latitude: 26.75°N Longitude: 83.37°E Height: 78 (m)". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  25. ^ "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024" (PDF). Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024. 7 September 2024.
  26. ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  27. ^ "Census of India: Gorakhpur". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  28. ^ a b "2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level)". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  29. ^ Huralimath, Arunkumar (21 March 2021). "World's longest railway platform in Hubballi in its final stage of construction". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  30. ^ Nikita, Prasad (13 February 2020). "Indian Railways unique initiative! Flowering pots installed over hydrant pipe at Gorakhpur station; details". The Financial Express. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  31. ^ "Gorakhpur gets world's largest railway platform". The Times of India. 7 October 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  32. ^ Jha, Aditi (23 December 2009). "Gorakhpur Railway Station to have longest platform in Asia". MyNews. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  33. ^ "Gorakhpur railway station's remodelling in final stage". The Times of India. 2 June 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  34. ^ "Gorakhpur gets world's longest railway platform". अमर उजाला (Amar Ujala). 13 February 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  35. ^ "North Eastern Railway". indianrailways.gov.in. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  36. ^ No. 105 Helicopter Unit. Indian Air Force
  37. ^ "Gorakhpur metro rail gets green signal from up cabinet,4672 crores will be spent". Dainik jagran. 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  38. ^ "Gorakhpur Metrolite: पब्लिक इन्वेस्टमेंट बोर्ड (पीआईबी) की बैठक में गोरखपुर मेट्रोलाइट रेल प्रोजेक्ट के फेज-1 को अप्रूवल मिला है". Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  39. ^ "Gazette - Government of Uttar Pradesh" (PDF). upvidhai.gov.in/. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  40. ^ Shukla, Satish Chandra (23 April 2021). "गोरखपुर में दो सौ एकड़ में बनकर तैयार हुआ महायोगी गुरु गोरखनाथ विश्वविद्यालय Gorakhpur News". Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  41. ^ Srivastava, Pradeep (10 September 2021). "गोरखपुर के गीडा में खुलेगा प्रदेश का पहला स्टेट इंस्टीट्यूट आफ होटल मैनेजमेंट". Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  42. ^ "AKTU ERP Know Your College". erp.aktu.ac.in. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  43. ^ "ITM, Gorakhpur, Website". Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  44. ^ "Dental College in Gorakhpur BDS college in Gorakhpur UP India PIDS". Pidsgkp.com. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Gorakhpur&oldid=1263913042"