Tetralogy: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Compound work that is made up of four distinct works}} |
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{{For|the congenital heart condition|Tetralogy of Fallot}} |
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{{Other uses}} |
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A '''tetralogy''' is a compound work that is made up of four ([[numerical prefix]] ''[[Wiktionary:tetra-|tetra-]]'') distinct works, just as a [[trilogy]] is made up of three works. |
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A '''tetralogy''' (from [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] τετρα- ''[[Wiktionary:tetra-|tetra-]]'', "four" and -λογία ''-logia'', "discourse") is a compound work that is made up of four distinct works. The name comes from the [[Attica|Attic]] theater, in which a tetralogy was a group of three [[Tragedy|tragedies]] followed by a [[satyr play]], all by one author, to be played in one sitting at the [[Dionysia]] as part of a competition.<ref>Rush Rehm. ''Greek Tragic Theater.'' Routledge, 1994, p. 16.</ref> |
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==Examples== |
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The name comes from the [[Attica|Attic]] [[theater]], in which a tetralogy was a group of three [[tragedy|tragedies]] followed by a [[satyr play]], all by one author, to be played in one sitting at the [[Dionysia]] as part of a competition.<ref>Rush Rehm. ''Greek Tragic Theater.'' Routledge, 1994. Page 16.</ref> [[Antiphon (person)|Antiphon of Rhamnus]], an orator, taught his students with ''Tetralogies'', each one consisting of four speeches: the prosecutor's opening speech, the first speech for the defence, the prosecutor's reply, and the defendant's conclusion. Three of Antiphon's tetralogies survive.<ref>[[C. M. Bowra]]. ''Landmarks in Greek Literature.'' Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1966. Pages 236-7.</ref> |
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===Literature=== |
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* Tetrateuch is a sometime name for the first four books of the Bible.<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWY8CwAAQBAJ&q=Tetrateuch&pg=PA36 |title=Old Testament Interpretation: Past, Present And Future |chapter=The Formation of the Pentateuch |first=David L. |last=Petersen |editor1-first=James Luther |editor1-last=Mays |editor2-first=David |editor2-last=Petersen |editor3-first=Kent H. |editor3-last=Richards |page=36 |year=1995 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9780567476906}}</ref> The Tetrateuch plus [[Deuteronomy]] are collectively referred to as the [[Pentateuch]]. |
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* ''Tintitives'' by [[Antiphon (person)|Antiphon of Rhamnus]]; the author was an orator, and ''Tintitives'' is a kind of textbook for students. Each book consists of four speeches: the prosecutor's opening speech, the first speech for the defense, the prosecutor's reply, and the defendant's conclusion. Three of his tetralogies are known to have survived.<ref>[[C. M. Bowra]]. ''Landmarks in Greek Literature'', Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966, pp. 236–7.</ref> |
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* The traditional arrangement of the works of [[Plato]] into nine [[List of manuscripts of Plato's dialogues#Tetralogies|tetralogies]], including some doubtful works, and the [[Epistles (Plato)|Letters]] as a single work. |
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* The ''[[Henriad]]'', two tetralogies of history plays of [[William Shakespeare]]. The First Tetralogy in order of composition begins with the three [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] plays. The Second Tetralogy finishes with the history of [[Henry V of England|Henry V]]. |
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====Modern==== |
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In more recent times, [[Shakespeare]] wrote two tetralogies, the first consisting of the three ''[[Henry VI]]'' plays and ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]'', and the second consisting of ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'', the two ''[[Henry IV, part 1|Henry IV]]'' plays, and ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]''.<ref>Victor L. Cahn. ''Shakespeare the playwright: a companion to the complete tragedies, histories, comedies, and romances.'' Greenwood, 1991.</ref> Richard Wagner's ''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]'' ("The Ring of the Nibelung" or "The Ring Cycle") is also referred to as a tetralogy.<ref>Hans von Wolzogen. ''Guide to the music of Richard Wagner's tetralogy: The ring of the Nibelung. A thematic key.'' Translated by Nathan Haskell Dole. G. Schirmer, New York, 1895.</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="max-width:40em;" |
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!Tetralogy |
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! colspan="4" |Entries |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen|The Ring Cycle]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Das Rheingold|The Rhinegold]]''<br/>(1869)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Die Walküre|The Valkyrie]]''<br/>(1870)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Siegfried (opera)|Siegfried]]''<br/>(1876)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Götterdämmerung|Twilight of the Gods]]''<br/>(1876)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Parade's End]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Some Do Not ...]]''<br/>(1924)}} |
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|{{center|''[[No More Parades (novel)|No More Parades]]''<br/>(1925)}} |
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|{{center|''[[A Man Could Stand Up —]]''<br/>(1926)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Last Post]]''<br/>(1928)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[The Master of Hestviken]]'' series}} |
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|{{center|''The Axe''<br/>(1925)}} |
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|{{center|''The Snake Pit''<br/>(1925)}} |
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|{{center|''In the Wilderness''<br/>(1926)}} |
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|{{center|''The Son Avenger''<br/>(1927)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Joseph and His Brothers]]''}} |
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|{{center|''The Stories of Jacob''<br/>(1933)}} |
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|{{center|''Young Joseph''<br/>(1934)}} |
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|{{center|''Joseph in Egypt''<br/>(1936)}} |
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|{{center|''Joseph the Provider''<br/>(1943)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[The Once and Future King]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Sword in the Stone (novel)|The Sword in the Stone]]''<br/>(1938)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Queen of Air and Darkness]]''<br/>(1939)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Ill-Made Knight]]''<br/>(1940)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Candle in the Wind]]''<br/>(1958)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|The ''[[Alexandria Quartet]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Justine (Durrell novel)|Justine]]''<br/>(1957)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Balthazar (novel)|Balthazar]]''<br/>(1958)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Mountolive]]''<br/>(1958)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Clea (novel)|Clea]]''<br/>(1960)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Rabbit, Run|Rabbit Angstrom: A Tetralogy]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Rabbit, Run]]''<br/>(1960)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Rabbit Redux]]''<br/>(1971)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Rabbit is Rich]]''<br/>(1981)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Rabbit at Rest]]''<br/>(1990)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[The Raj Quartet]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Jewel in the Crown (novel)|The Jewel in the Crown ]]''<br/>(1966)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Day of the Scorpion]]''<br/>(1968)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Towers of Silence]]''<br/>(1971)}} |
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|{{center|''[[A Division of the Spoils]]''<br/>(1975)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[The History of the Runestaff]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Jewel in the Skull]]''<br/>(1967)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Mad God's Amulet]]''<br/>(1968)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Sword of the Dawn]]''<br/>(1968)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Runestaff|The Secret of the Runestaff]]''<br/>(1969)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|The ''[[Space Odyssey]]'' series}} |
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|{{center|''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (novel)|2001: A Space Odyssey]]''<br/>(1968)}} |
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|{{center|''[[2010: Odyssey Two]]''<br/>(1982)}} |
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|{{center|''[[2061: Odyssey Three]]''<br/>(1987)}} |
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|{{center|''[[3001: The Final Odyssey]]''<br/>(1997)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[The Sea of Fertility]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Spring Snow]]''<br/>(1969)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Runaway Horses]]''<br/>(1969)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Temple of Dawn]]''<br/>(1970)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Decay of the Angel]]''<br/>(1971)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[The Virgin in the Garden|The Quartet]]''<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.cercles.com/interviews/byatt.html|title=An interview with A. S. Byatt|journal=Cercles|first1=Jenny|last1=Newman|first2=James|last2=Friel|year=2003|accessdate=11 September 2010|quote=I have always had a romantic idea that the writer or the artist was, as Coleridge and Virginia Woolf said, androgynous. The whole of ''The Virgin in the Garden'' quartet is about the desirability of an androgynous mind... JN & JF: I notice that the quartet which begins with ''The Virgin in the Garden'' is sometimes called ''The Frederica Quartet''. ASB: My paperback publisher, you will be glad to hear, is going to make it a boxed set, and it's just going to be called ''The Quartet''. It isn't Frederica's book--though she's the sort of person who would muscle in and try to take it!}}</ref>}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Virgin in the Garden]]''<br/>(1978)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Still Life (Byatt novel)|Still Life]]''<br/>(1985)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Babel Tower]]''<br/>(1996)}} |
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|{{center|''[[A Whistling Woman]]''<br/>(2002)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[The Book of the New Sun]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Shadow of the Torturer]]''<br/>(1980)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Claw of the Conciliator]]''<br/>(1981)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Sword of the Lictor]]''<br/>(1982)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Citadel of the Autarch]]''<br/>(1983)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|The ''[[Buru Quartet]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[This Earth of Mankind]]''<br/>(1980)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Child of All Nations]]''<br/>(1980)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Footsteps (novel)|Footsteps]]''<br/>(1985)}} |
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|{{center|''[[House of Glass (1988 novel)|House of Glass]]''<br/>(1988)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|The ''[[Hannibal Lecter]]'' series}}Manhunter |
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|{{center|''[[Red Dragon (novel)|Red Dragon]]''<br/>(1981)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Silence of the Lambs (novel)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''<br/>(1988)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Hannibal (Harris novel)|Hannibal]]''<br/>(1999)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Hannibal Rising]]''<br/>(2006)}} |
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|{{center|The ''[[Lonesome Dove series]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Lonesome Dove]]''<br/>(1985)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Streets of Laredo (novel)|Streets of Laredo]]''<br/>(1993)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Dead Man's Walk]]''<br/>(1995)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Comanche Moon]]''<br/>(1997)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|The ''[[L.A. Quartet]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Black Dahlia (novel)|The Black Dahlia]]''<br/>(1987)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Big Nowhere]]''<br/>(1988)}} |
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|{{center|''[[L.A. Confidential]]''<br/>(1990)}} |
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|{{center|''[[White Jazz]]''<br/>(1992)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|The ''[[Giver Quartet]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Giver]]''<br/>(1993)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Gathering Blue]]''<br/>(2000)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Messenger (novel)|Messenger]]''<br/>(2004)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Son (novel)|Son]]''<br/>(2012)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|The ''[[Neapolitan Novels]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[My Brilliant Friend]]''<br/>(2011)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Story of a New Name]]''<br/>(2012)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Those Who Leave and Those Who Stay]]''<br/>(2013)}} |
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|{{center|''[[The Story of the Lost Child]]''<br/>(2014)}} |
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|} |
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===Films=== |
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As an alternative to "tetralogy", "'''quartet'''" is sometimes used, particularly for series of four books. The term "'''quadrilogy'''", a [[nonce word]] basing the prefix on [[Latin language|Latin]] prefix [[Numerical prefix|quadri-]] instead of the Greek prefix, and first recorded in 1865<ref>Simpson, J.A., and Weiner, E.S.C. (eds.) ''The Oxford English Dictionary.'' 2nd ed. 1989. Oxford. Clarendon Press. "quadri-"</ref>, has also been used for marketing series of movies, such as the ''[[Alien (franchise)|Alien]]'' series and ''[[Die Hard]]'' series.<ref>http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=quadrilogy</ref> |
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* [[Airport (film series)|''Airport'']] (1970, 1974, 1977, 1979) |
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* ''[[The Avengers (film series)|The Avengers]]'' (2012, 2015, 2018, 2019) |
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* ''[[Thor (film series)|Thor]]'' (2011, 2013, 2017, 2022) |
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* ''[[Bad Boys (franchise)|Bad Boys]]'' (1995, 2003, 2020, 2024) |
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* ''[[Batman (1989 film series)|Batman]]'' (1989, 1992, 1995, 1997) |
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* '' [[No Through Road (web series)]]'' (2009, 2011, 2012, 2012) |
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* ''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid]]'' (2010, 2011, 2012, 2017) |
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* ''[[Insidious (film series)|Insidious]]'' (2010, 2013, 2015, 2018) |
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* ''[[Ip Man (film series)|Ip Man]]'' (2008, 2010, 2015, 2019) |
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* ''[[Jaws (film series)|Jaws]]'' (1975, 1978, 1983, 1987) |
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* ''[[John Wick]]'' (2014, 2017, 2019, 2023) |
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* ''[[My Little Pony: Equestria Girls]]'' (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016) |
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* ''[[Men in Black (film series)|Men in Black]]'' (1997, 2002, 2012, 2019) |
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* ''[[Night at the Museum (franchise)|Night at the Museum]]'' (2006, 2009, 2014, 2022) |
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* ''[[Rebuild of Evangelion]]'' (2007, 2009, 2012, 2021) |
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* ''[[Rec (film series)|Rec]]'' (2007, 2009, 2012, 2014) |
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* ''[[Spy Kids (franchise)|Spy Kids]]'' (2001, 2002, 2003, 2011) |
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* ''[[The Crow (franchise)|The Crow]]'' (1994, 1996, 2000, 2005) |
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* ''[[The Hunger Games (film series)|The Hunger Games]]'' (2012, 2013, 2014, 2015) |
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* ''[[The Matrix (franchise)|The Matrix]]'' (1999, 2003, 2003, 2021) |
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* ''[[Superman in film|Superman]]'' (1978, 1980, 1983, 1987) |
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* ''[[Alvin and the Chipmunks (film)|Alvin and the Chipmunks]]'' (2007, 2009, 2011, 2015) |
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* ''[[The Expendables (franchise)|The Expendables]]'' (2010, 2012, 2014, 2023) |
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* ''[[List of Star Trek films|Star Trek]]'' (2009, 2013, 2016, TBA<ref>[https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a864366/star-trek-4-cast-release-date-trailer-plot-spoilers-chris-pine-chris-hemsworth Star Trek 4 potential release date, cast and everything you need to know]</ref>) |
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* ''Heronics'' (2024, 2025, 2025, TBA) |
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=== Animated Franchises=== |
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==Examples== |
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* ''[[Toy Story (franchise)|Toy Story]]'' (1995-2019) |
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{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2010}} |
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* ''[[Hotel Transylvania (franchise)|Hotel Transylvania]]'' (2012-2022) |
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* ''[[Kung Fu Panda]]'' (2008-2024) |
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* ''[[Despicable Me]]'' (2010-2024) |
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=== Video games === |
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Examples of works which have been described as tetralogies are as follows: |
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{| class="wikitable" style="max-width:40em;" |
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!Tetralogy |
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! colspan="4" |Entries |
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|{{center|''[[Alex Kidd]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Alex Kidd in Miracle World]]''<br/>(1986)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Alex Kidd: The Lost Stars]]''<br/>(1986)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Alex Kidd in the Enchanted Castle]]''<br/>(1989)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Alex Kidd in Shinobi World]]''<br/>(1990)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Contra (series)|Contra]]'' series}} |
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|{{center|''[[Contra (video game)|Contra]]''<br/>(1987)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Super Contra]]''<br/>(1987)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Contra III: The Alien Wars]]''<br/>(1992)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Contra 4]]''<br/>(2007)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Phantasy Star]]'' series}} |
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|{{center|''[[Phantasy Star (video game)|Phantasy Star]]''<br/>(1987)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Phantasy Star II]]''<br/>(1989)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Phantasy Star III]]''<br/>(1990)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Phantasy Star IV]]''<br/>(1993)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Streets of Rage]]'' series}} |
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|{{center|''[[Streets of Rage (video game)|Streets of Rage]]''<br/>(1991)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Streets of Rage 2]]''<br/>(1991)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Streets of Rage 3]]''<br/>(1994)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Streets of Rage 4]]''<br/>(2020)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Marvel vs. Capcom]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes]]''<br/>(1998)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age of Heroes]]''<br/>(2000)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds]]''<br/>(2011)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite]]''<br/>(2017)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Pikmin]]'' series}} |
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|{{center|''[[Pikmin (video game)|Pikmin]]''<br/>(2001)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Pikmin 2]]''<br/>(2004)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Pikmin 3]]''<br/>(2013)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Pikmin 4]]''<br/>(2023)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Mega Man Zero]]'' series}} |
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|{{center|''[[Mega Man Zero (video game)|Mega Man Zero]]''<br/>(2002)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Mega Man Zero 2]]''<br/>(2003)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Mega Man Zero 3]]''<br/>(2004)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Mega Man Zero 4]]''<br/>(2005)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Sly Cooper]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Sly Cooper and the Thievius Raccoonus]]''<br/>(2002)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Sly 2: Band of Thieves]]''<br/>(2004)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Sly 3: Honor Among Thieves]]''<br/>(2005)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Sly Cooper: Thieves in Time]]''<br/>(2013)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[List of Metroid media#Metroid Prime series|Metroid Prime]]'' series}} |
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|{{center|''[[Metroid Prime]]''<br/>(2002)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Metroid Prime 2: Echoes]]''<br/>(2004)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Metroid Prime 3: Corruption]]''<br/>(2007)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Metroid Prime 4]]''<br/>(2025)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[New Super Mario Bros. series|New Super Mario Bros.]]'' series}} |
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|{{center|''[[New Super Mario Bros.]]''<br/>(2006)}} |
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|{{center|''[[New Super Mario Bros. Wii]]''<br/>(2009)}} |
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|{{center|''[[New Super Mario Bros. 2]]''<br/>(2012)}} |
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|{{center|''[[New Super Mario Bros. U]]''<br/>(2012)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Saints Row]]'' series}} |
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|{{center|''[[Saints Row (2006 video game)|Saints Row]]''<br/>(2006)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Saints Row 2]]''<br/>(2008)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Saints Row: The Third]]''<br/>(2011)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Saints Row IV]]''<br/>(2013)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Uncharted]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Uncharted: Drake's Fortune]]''<br/>(2007)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Uncharted 2: Among Thieves]]''<br/>(2009)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception]]''<br/>(2011)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Uncharted 4: A Thief's End]]''<br/>(2016)}} |
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|- |
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|{{center|''[[Batman: Arkham]]''}} |
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|{{center|''[[Batman: Arkham Asylum]]''<br/>(2009)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Batman: Arkham City]]''<br/>(2011)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Batman: Arkham Origins]]''<br/>(2013)}} |
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|{{center|''[[Batman: Arkham Knight]]''<br/>(2015)}} |
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|} |
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==Other information== |
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===Literary works=== |
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In the [[early modern period]] of literature, [[Shakespeare]] drafted a pair of tetralogies, the first consisting of the three ''[[Henry VI (play)|Henry VI]]'' plays and ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]'', and the second, what we now call a prequel because it is set earlier, consisting of ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'', the two ''[[Henry IV, part 1|Henry IV]]'' plays, and ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]''.<ref>Victor L. Cahn. ''Shakespeare the playwright: a companion to the complete tragedies, histories, comedies, and romances.'' Greenwood, 1991.</ref> |
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In literature, the term tetralogy has been applied to series of [[novel]]s, [[Play (theatre)|plays]] and [[poetry]] with four entries. These include the following: |
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<!-- PLEASE ONLY ADD TETRALOGIES FOR WHICH THERE ARE CITATIONS --> |
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* [[L. Frank Baum]]'s ''[[Ozma of Oz]]'', ''[[Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz]]'', ''[[The Road to Oz]]'', and ''[[The Emerald City of Oz]]''.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Jonathan Bayliss]]'s ''[[Gloucesterman]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[John Crowley]]'s ''[[Aegypt]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Henry de Montherlant]]'s ''[[Les Jeunes Filles]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Ted Dekker]]'s ''The Circle Series'' (Black, Red, White, Green){{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} |
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* [[Ford Madox Ford]]'s ''[[Parade's End]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Maggie Furey]]'s ''[[The Artefacts of Power|Artefacts of Power]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}} |
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* [[Yaşar Kemal]]'s ''[[İnce Memed tetralogy]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Sergei Lukyanenko]]'s ''[[Night Watch (Russian novel)|Watch]]'' series{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Thomas Mann]]'s ''[[Joseph and His Brothers]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[David Markson]]'s ''Reader's Block'', ''This Is Not a Novel'', ''Vanishing Point'', and ''The Last Novel''<ref>[http://www.kqed.org/arts/literature/article.jsp?essid=16605Book Review: David Markson, The Last Novel] Writes Susan Kleid in her review:{{quote|"The Last Novel is the fourth of four books (a quartet? a tetralogy?) that witness a creator's struggle with -- and against -- what he is creating. In the first of the four, Reader's Block, the narrator is referred to as "The Reader." In This Is Not a Novel, he's "The Writer." In Vanishing Point he's moved up to "Author,..."}}</ref> |
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* [[Yukio Mishima]]'s ''[[The Sea of Fertility]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Christopher Paolini]]'s ''[[Inheritance Cycle]]''<ref>[http://www.alagaesia.com/kvetha/paolini_announcement.pdf]</ref> |
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* [[Tamora Pierce]]'s ''[[The Song of the Lioness]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Claude Royet-Journoud]]'s ''Le Renversement'', ''La Notion d'Obstacle'', ''Les Objects contiennent l'infini'', and ''Les Natures indivisibles'' (poetry published between 1972 and 1997){{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[William Shakespeare]]'s sequence of history plays: |
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::Major tetralogy<ref name="Shakespeare in Performance: Film">[http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Theater/sip/production/recorded/186/ Shakespeare in Performance: Film]</ref>: ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]''; ''[[Henry IV, Part 1]]''; ''[[Henry IV, Part 2]]''; ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'' |
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::Minor tetralogy<ref name="Shakespeare in Performance: Film"/>: ''[[Henry VI, Part 1]]''; ''[[Henry VI, Part 2]]''; ''[[Henry VI, Part 3]]''; ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]'' |
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* [[E. E. Smith]]'s ''[[Skylark (series)|Skylark]]'' series{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Harry Turtledove]]'s ''[[Settling Accounts (Harry Turtledove)|Settling Accounts]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[John Updike]]'s ''Rabbit series ([[Rabbit, Run]]; [[Rabbit Redux]]; [[Rabbit is Rich]], [[Rabbit at Rest]]) There is also ([[Rabbit Remembered]]), the fifth part of "Rabbit..." series.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[T. H. White]]'s ''[[The Once and Future King]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Gene Wolfe]]'s ''[[Book of the New Sun]]'' and ''[[Book of the Long Sun]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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As an alternative to "tetralogy", "quartet" is sometimes used, particularly for series of four books. The term "quadrilogy", using the [[Latin]] prefix [[Numeral prefix|quadri-]] instead of the Greek, and first recorded in 1865,<ref>Simpson, J.A., and Weiner, E.S.C. (eds.) ''The Oxford English Dictionary.'' 2nd ed. 1989. Oxford. Clarendon Press. "quadri-"</ref> has also been used for marketing the ''[[Alien (franchise)|Alien]]'' movies. |
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===Movies=== |
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{{Main|List of film series with four entries}} |
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===Music=== |
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* [[Coheed and Cambria]]'s ''[[The Amory Wars]]'' concept albums{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Richard Wagner]]'s ''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]'', a series of four epic [[music drama]]s{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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* [[Thrice]]'s ''[[The Alchemy Index Vols. I & II]]'' and ''[[The Alchemy Index Vols. III & IV]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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===Historical works=== |
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* ''[[A History of the English-Speaking Peoples]]'' by [[Winston Churchill]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Wiktionary| |
{{Wiktionary|tetralogy}} |
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* [[Sequel]] |
* [[Sequel]] |
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* [[List of film series with four entries]] |
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* [[Trilogy]] |
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* [[Pentalogy]] |
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== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 18:48, 21 November 2024
A tetralogy (from Greek τετρα- tetra-, "four" and -λογία -logia, "discourse") is a compound work that is made up of four distinct works. The name comes from the Attic theater, in which a tetralogy was a group of three tragedies followed by a satyr play, all by one author, to be played in one sitting at the Dionysia as part of a competition.[1]
Examples
[edit]Literature
[edit]- Tetrateuch is a sometime name for the first four books of the Bible.[2] The Tetrateuch plus Deuteronomy are collectively referred to as the Pentateuch.
- Tintitives by Antiphon of Rhamnus; the author was an orator, and Tintitives is a kind of textbook for students. Each book consists of four speeches: the prosecutor's opening speech, the first speech for the defense, the prosecutor's reply, and the defendant's conclusion. Three of his tetralogies are known to have survived.[3]
- The traditional arrangement of the works of Plato into nine tetralogies, including some doubtful works, and the Letters as a single work.
- The Henriad, two tetralogies of history plays of William Shakespeare. The First Tetralogy in order of composition begins with the three Henry VI plays. The Second Tetralogy finishes with the history of Henry V.
Modern
[edit]Films
[edit]- Airport (1970, 1974, 1977, 1979)
- The Avengers (2012, 2015, 2018, 2019)
- Thor (2011, 2013, 2017, 2022)
- Bad Boys (1995, 2003, 2020, 2024)
- Batman (1989, 1992, 1995, 1997)
- No Through Road (web series) (2009, 2011, 2012, 2012)
- Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2010, 2011, 2012, 2017)
- Insidious (2010, 2013, 2015, 2018)
- Ip Man (2008, 2010, 2015, 2019)
- Jaws (1975, 1978, 1983, 1987)
- John Wick (2014, 2017, 2019, 2023)
- My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016)
- Men in Black (1997, 2002, 2012, 2019)
- Night at the Museum (2006, 2009, 2014, 2022)
- Rebuild of Evangelion (2007, 2009, 2012, 2021)
- Rec (2007, 2009, 2012, 2014)
- Spy Kids (2001, 2002, 2003, 2011)
- The Crow (1994, 1996, 2000, 2005)
- The Hunger Games (2012, 2013, 2014, 2015)
- The Matrix (1999, 2003, 2003, 2021)
- Superman (1978, 1980, 1983, 1987)
- Alvin and the Chipmunks (2007, 2009, 2011, 2015)
- The Expendables (2010, 2012, 2014, 2023)
- Star Trek (2009, 2013, 2016, TBA[5])
- Heronics (2024, 2025, 2025, TBA)
Animated Franchises
[edit]- Toy Story (1995-2019)
- Hotel Transylvania (2012-2022)
- Kung Fu Panda (2008-2024)
- Despicable Me (2010-2024)
Video games
[edit]| Tetralogy | Entries | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Contra series
|
Contra
(1987) |
Super Contra
(1987) |
Contra 4
(2007) | |
Phantasy Star series
|
Phantasy Star
(1987) |
Phantasy Star II
(1989) |
Phantasy Star III
(1990) |
Phantasy Star IV
(1993) |
Streets of Rage series
|
Streets of Rage
(1991) |
Streets of Rage 2
(1991) |
Streets of Rage 3
(1994) |
Streets of Rage 4
(2020) |
Pikmin series
|
Pikmin
(2001) |
Pikmin 2
(2004) |
Pikmin 3
(2013) |
Pikmin 4
(2023) |
Mega Man Zero series
|
Mega Man Zero
(2002) |
Mega Man Zero 2
(2003) |
Mega Man Zero 3
(2004) |
Mega Man Zero 4
(2005) |
Sly 2: Band of Thieves
(2004) |
||||
Metroid Prime series
|
Metroid Prime
(2002) |
Metroid Prime 2: Echoes
(2004) |
Metroid Prime 4
(2025) | |
New Super Mario Bros. series
|
New Super Mario Bros.
(2006) |
New Super Mario Bros. 2
(2012) |
New Super Mario Bros. U
(2012) | |
Saints Row series
|
Saints Row
(2006) |
Saints Row 2
(2008) |
Saints Row: The Third
(2011) |
Saints Row IV
(2013) |
Batman: Arkham Asylum
(2009) |
Batman: Arkham City
(2011) |
Batman: Arkham Origins
(2013) |
Batman: Arkham Knight
(2015) | |
Other information
[edit]In the early modern period of literature, Shakespeare drafted a pair of tetralogies, the first consisting of the three Henry VI plays and Richard III, and the second, what we now call a prequel because it is set earlier, consisting of Richard II, the two Henry IV plays, and Henry V.[6]
As an alternative to "tetralogy", "quartet" is sometimes used, particularly for series of four books. The term "quadrilogy", using the Latin prefix quadri- instead of the Greek, and first recorded in 1865,[7] has also been used for marketing the Alien movies.
See also
[edit]
Look up tetralogy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
References
[edit]- ^ Rush Rehm. Greek Tragic Theater. Routledge, 1994, p. 16.
- ^ Petersen, David L. (1995). "The Formation of the Pentateuch". In Mays, James Luther; Petersen, David; Richards, Kent H. (eds.). Old Testament Interpretation: Past, Present And Future. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 36. ISBN 9780567476906.
- ^ C. M. Bowra. Landmarks in Greek Literature, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966, pp. 236–7.
- ^ Newman, Jenny; Friel, James (2003). "An interview with A. S. Byatt". Cercles. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
I have always had a romantic idea that the writer or the artist was, as Coleridge and Virginia Woolf said, androgynous. The whole of The Virgin in the Garden quartet is about the desirability of an androgynous mind... JN & JF: I notice that the quartet which begins with The Virgin in the Garden is sometimes called The Frederica Quartet. ASB: My paperback publisher, you will be glad to hear, is going to make it a boxed set, and it's just going to be called The Quartet. It isn't Frederica's book--though she's the sort of person who would muscle in and try to take it!
- ^ Star Trek 4 potential release date, cast and everything you need to know
- ^ Victor L. Cahn. Shakespeare the playwright: a companion to the complete tragedies, histories, comedies, and romances. Greenwood, 1991.
- ^ Simpson, J.A., and Weiner, E.S.C. (eds.) The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. Oxford. Clarendon Press. "quadri-"