Evald Ilyenkov: Difference between revisions

Evald Vasilievich Ilyenkov
Evald Vasilievich Ilyenkov
Born	18 February 1924; Smolensk, Soviet Union
Died	21 March 1979 (aged 55); Moscow, Soviet Union
Era	20th-century philosophy
Region	Soviet philosophy
School	Marxism
Main interests	Dialectics · Epistemology
Notable ideas	Dialectical logic · Dialectics of the ideal · Dialectics of abstract and concrete

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Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov (Russian: Э́вальд Васи́льевич Илье́нков; 18 February 1924 – 21 March 1979) was a Russian Marxist author and Soviet philosopher.

Biography

Early life

Evald Ilyenkov was born in to the family of Soviet writer and teacher Vasily Ilyenkov. When he was four years old, the family moved to Moscow. In his youth, Evald became interested in the music of Wagner and the philosophy of Spinoza. He continued his studies at the Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History; but his studies were interrupted by the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War during which he fought in the Red Army as an artillery commander.^[1]

After the end of the war, he served as part of the contingent of Soviet troops in Germany until August 1945. After he was demobilized he continued his studies in the Faculty of Philosophy of the Moscow State University and joined the Communist Party in 1950.^[1]

Conflict at the Moscow State University

In April 1954, the theses "On the question of the relationship between philosophy and knowledge about nature and society in the process of their historical development" appeared, the authors of which were Ilyenkov and Valentin Ivanovich Korovikov. In this theses they argued that philosophy cannot solve the problems of special sciences and can only be a theory of knowledge, studying the nature and nature of scientific knowledge.^[2] In their opinion, "philosophy is the science of scientific thinking, its laws and forms". In February and March 1955, at the Faculty of Philosophy of the MSU, an inspection was carried out on them by the commission of the department of science and culture of the CPSU Central Committee. In the commission's report, the theses of Ilyenkov and Korovikov were assessed as "a relapse of Menshevik idealism, which was long defeated and condemned by the party” and It was found that “some students and graduate students have a desire to move away from pressing practical problems into the area of "pure science", "pure thinking", divorced from practice, from the politics of our party. Some students admitted that they had not read newspapers for a long time”. After checking the state of affairs at the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University by a commission of the CPSU Central Committee, Ilyenkov’s views were defined as "a perversion of the philosophy of Marxism".^[3]

On 25 and 29 March, the Academic Council of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University was held, at which the theses of Ilyenkov and Korovikov were discussed, as a result they were accused of Hegelianism and were deprived of the right to teach at Moscow State University.^[2]

Later life and career

In November 1953, he was accepted into the sector of dialectical materialism at the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences as a junior researcher, and in 1961 Ilyenkov received the position of senior researcher. In the first half of the 1960s, Ilyenkov participated in the creation of the Philosophical Encyclopedia as an author; in the process of working on the second volume, he became the editor of the section "dialectical materialism".^[1]

From 1975 until the end of his life, Ilyenkov led a scientific seminar at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University at the invitation of Dean Aleksei Leontiev.

Suffering from depression and alcoholism, Ilyenkov committed suicide on March 21, 1979.^[4] He was buried besides his father at the Novodevichy Cemetery.^[5]

Philosophy

Evald Ilyenkov did original work on the materialist development of Hegel's dialectics, notable for his account of concrete universals. His works include Dialectical Logic (Russian, 1974; English trans. 1977), Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism (Russian, 1980 (posthum.); English trans. 1982) and The Dialectics of the Abstract and Concrete in Marx's Capital (Russian, 1960; English trans. 1982).

David Bakhurst wrote in his article; "Meaning, Normativity and the Life of Mind":

Ilyenkov was important in the revival of Russian Marxist philosophy. In the early 1960s, he produced significant work in two main areas. First he wrote at length on Marx's dialectical method ('the method of ascent from the abstract to concrete'). This work, though it now seems obscure, has an important political sub-text: its critique of empiricism is aimed at the positivism and scientism that Ilyenkov thought prevalent in Soviet political and intellectual culture. Second, Ilyenkov developed a distinct solution to what he called 'the problem of the ideal;’ that is, the problem of the place of the non-material in the natural world. The latter involves a resolute defence of the objectivity of ideal phenomena, which are said to exist as aspects of our spiritual culture, embodied in our environment. ... there are important continuities between Ilyenkov’s ideas and controversies in Soviet philosophy and psychology in the 1920s and '30s, particularly ... with Vygotsky's socio-historical psychology... After the insightful writings of the early 1960s, his inspiration diminished as the political climate became more oppressive. ... He died in 1979, by his own hand.
— David Bakhurst, Language and Communication, 17 (1), 33–51

An abridged version of his article, "Marx and the Western World," was published in English in a book of the same name in 1967, but this work is little known.

On the other hand, Ilyenkov's work (especially his masterpiece, the study on Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx's Capital from 1960, and the collection of essays entitled Dialectical Logic from 1974) deeply influenced the reception of Marx' economic writings from the 1960s onwards, in the Soviet Union and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) as well as in the West. His influence can be witnessed in the international research effort concerned with the publication of Marx' economic manuscripts (in Marx/Engels: Gesamtausgabe, or MEGA, section II, 1976 ff.). His influence is also evident in the intense debates on economic reform that was going on in the Soviet Union in the 1970s (e.g., in the works of A. K. Pokrytan).

Ilyenkov's works have been published in about 20 languages. His Dialectical Logic (1974) was published in English by Progress Publishers in Moscow in 1977. A German translation of his Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx’s Capital (1960), was published by the same publisher in 1979 (and simultaneously by Das europäische Buch, West Berlin); an English translation of the book was published by Progress Publishers in Moscow in 1982. Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism (first published in Russian in 1980) was published by New Park Publications in 1982.

Bibliography (English translations)

Books:

Articles:

1974. Activity and Knowledge
1974. From the Marxist-Leninist Point of View
1974. The Universal
1974. A Contribution to a Conversation About Esthetic Education
1975. A Contribution to a Conversation About Meshcheriakov
1975. Humanism and Science
1976. Dialectics of the Ideal
1977. Concept of the Ideal
1979. The problem of contradiction in logic (fragment)
1979. Materialism Is Militant and Therefore Dialectical
Date unknown. Psychology^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Date unknown. Our Schools Must Teach How to Think!
Date unknown. A Contribution to the Discussion on School Education
Date unknown. On the Nature of Ability
Date unknown. The Biological and the Social in Man
Date unknown. A Contribution on the Question of the Concept of “Activity” and Its Significance for Pedagogy
Date unknown. Knowledge and Thinking
Date unknown. Ideals (Social, Esthetic, Moral)^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Date unknown. Mind and Brain (An Answer to D. I. Dubrovskii)^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Date unknown. The Question of the Identity of Thought and Being in Pre-Marxist Philosophy^{[permanent dead link‍]}

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c "Ильенков Эвальд Васильевич". hrono.ru. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Читая Ильенкова – Биография". 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
^ "Отчет об итогах проверки философского факультета МГУ". 20 December 2013. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
^ "А. Суворов – Средоточие боли". 20 December 2013. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
^ "Могила Э.В. Ильенкова на Новодевичьем кладбище". 20 December 2013. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2024.

External links

[:0-1] "Ильенков Эвальд Васильевич". hrono.ru. Retrieved 24 January 2024.

[:1-2] "Читая Ильенкова – Биография". 22 July 2019. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2024.

[3] "Отчет об итогах проверки философского факультета МГУ". 20 December 2013. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2024.

[4] "А. Суворов – Средоточие боли". 20 December 2013. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2024.

[5] "Могила Э.В. Ильенкова на Новодевичьем кладбище". 20 December 2013. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2024.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Soviet philosopher}}
-'''Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov''' (Э́вальд Васи́льевич Илье́нков; 18 February 1924&mdash;21 March 1979) was a [[Marxist]] [[author]] and renowned [[Philosophy in the Soviet Union|Soviet philosopher]] who did important original work on the materialist development of [[Hegel]]'s [[dialectics]]. His works include ''Dialectical Logic'' (1977), ''Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism'' (1982) and ''The Dialectics of the Abstract and Concrete in Marx's Capital'' (Russian, 1960; English trans. 1982). Ilyenkov committed [[suicide]] in 1979.
+{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
+{{Infobox philosopher
+|region           = [[Soviet philosophy]]
+|era              = [[20th-century philosophy]]
+|image            = Evald_Ilyenkov.jpg
+|name             = Evald Vasilievich Ilyenkov
+|birth_date       = {{birth date|df=yes|1924|02|18}}
+|birth_place      = [[Smolensk]], [[Soviet Union]]
+|death_date       = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1979|03|21|1924|02|18}}
+|death_place      = [[Moscow]], Soviet Union
+|school_tradition = [[Marxism]]
+|main_interests   = [[Dialectics]]{{·}}[[Epistemology]]
+|notable_ideas    = [[Hegelian dialectics|Dialectical]] logic{{·}}Dialectics of the ideal{{·}}Dialectics of [[abstract and concrete]]
+|influences       = [[Karl Marx|Marx]]{{·}}[[G. W. F. Hegel|Hegel]]{{·}}[[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]{{·}}[[Engels]]{{·}}[[Lenin]]{{·}}[[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]]{{·}}[[Vygotsky]]
+|influenced       = [[Vasily Davydov]]{{·}}[[Valery Kovalenko]]{{·}}[[Lev Naumenko]]{{·}} [[Sergei Mareev]]
+}}
+'''Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Э́вальд Васи́льевич Илье́нков}}; 18 February 1924 – 21 March 1979) was a Russian [[Marxist]] author and [[Philosophy in the Soviet Union|Soviet philosopher]].
-David Bakhurst writes in his article; "Meaning, Normativity and the Life of Mind" in ''Language and Communication'', 17 (1), 33-51:
+== Biography ==
-"Ilyenkov was important in the revival of Russian Marxist philosophy after the dark days of Stalinism. In the early 1960s, he produced significant work in two main areas. First he wrote at length on Marx‘s dialectical method (‘the method of ascent from the abstract to concrete’). This work, though it now seems obscure, has an important political sub-text: its critique of empiricism is aimed at the positivism and scientism that Ilyenkov thought prevalent in Soviet political and intellectual culture.
+=== Early life ===
-Second, Ilyenkov developed a distinct solution to what he called ‘the problem of the ideal;' that is, the problem of the place of the non-material in the natural world. The latter involves a resolute defence of the objectivity of ideal phenomena, which are said to exist as aspects of our spiritual culture, embodied in our environment. ... there are important continuities between Ilyenkov‘s ideas and controversies in Soviet philosophy and psychology in the 1920s and ‘30s, particularly ... with [[Vygotsky]]‘s socio-historical psychology.... .After the insightful writings of the early 1960s, his inspiration diminished as the political climate became more oppressive. ... He died in 1979, by his own hand.”
+Evald Ilyenkov was born in to the family of Soviet writer and teacher [[Vasily Ilyenkov]]. When he was four years old, the family moved to Moscow. In his youth, Evald became interested in the music of [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]] and the philosophy of [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]]. He continued his studies at the Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History; but his studies were interrupted by the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War during which he fought in the Red Army as an artillery commander.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ильенков Эвальд Васильевич |url=http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_i/ilyenkov.php |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=hrono.ru}}</ref>
+After the end of the war, he served as part of the contingent of Soviet troops in Germany until August 1945. After he was demobilized he continued his studies in the Faculty of Philosophy of the [[Moscow State University]] and joined the [[Communist Party]] in 1950.<ref name=":0" />
-In an email message, Peter Jones, of [[Sheffield Hallam University]], wrote:
+=== Conflict at the Moscow State University ===
-"On the political angle, colleagues have mentioned the difficult circumstances under which Ilyenkov and his colleagues worked. Ilyenkov indeed suffered from the ministrations, censorship and repressive activity of the regime on different occasions and in different ways (although his work was also celebrated). But Ilyenkov was an absolutely sincere Marxist and communist (with a small c). His political and economic writings (none of which have so far appeared in English to my knowledge) posthumously published in the 1991 Collected Works volume show him as a trenchant Marxist critic of official soviet ideology and ‘socialist economics’ and there is no wonder these things were not published (or perhaps were not even submitted for publication) during his lifetime.”
+In April 1954, the theses "On the question of the relationship between philosophy and knowledge about nature and society in the process of their historical development" appeared, the authors of which were Ilyenkov and [[Valentin Korovikov|Valentin Ivanovich Korovikov]]. In this theses they argued that philosophy cannot solve the problems of special sciences and can only be a theory of knowledge, studying the nature and nature of scientific knowledge.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-07-22 |title=Читая Ильенкова – Биография |url=http://caute.tk/ilyenkov/biog.html |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722182105/http://caute.tk/ilyenkov/biog.html |archive-date=22 July 2019 }}</ref> In their opinion, "philosophy is the science of scientific thinking, its laws and forms". In February and March 1955, at the Faculty of Philosophy of the MSU, an inspection was carried out on them by the commission of the department of science and culture of the CPSU Central Committee. In the commission's report, the theses of Ilyenkov and Korovikov were assessed as "a relapse of ''[[Menshevizing idealism|Menshevik idealism]], which was long defeated and condemned by the party''”  and It was found that “''some students and graduate students have a desire to move away from pressing practical problems into the area of "pure science", "pure thinking", divorced from practice, from the politics of our party. Some students admitted that they had not read newspapers for a long time''”. After checking the state of affairs at the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University by a commission of the CPSU Central Committee, Ilyenkov’s views were defined as "a perversion of the philosophy of Marxism".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-20 |title=Отчет об итогах проверки философского факультета МГУ |url=http://www.caute.tk/ilyenkov/biog/ck.html |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220204914/http://www.caute.tk/ilyenkov/biog/ck.html |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref>
+On 25 and 29 March, the Academic Council of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University was held, at which the theses of Ilyenkov and Korovikov were discussed, as a result they were accused of [[Hegelianism]] and were deprived of the right to teach at Moscow State University.<ref name=":1" />
-An article, "Marx and the Western World," was published in English in a book of the same name in 1967, but this work is little known.
+=== Later life and career ===
-On the other hand, Ilyenkov's work (especially his masterpiece, the study on ''Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx’s Capital'' from 1960, and the collection of essays entitled ''Dialectical Logic'' from 1974) deeply influenced the reception of Marx' economic writings from the 1960s onwards, in the Soviet Union and the GDR as well as in the West. His influence can be witnessed in the international research effort concerned with the publication of Marx' economic manuscripts (in Marx/Engels: ''Gesamtausgabe'', or MEGA, section II, 1976 ff.). His influence is also evident in the intense debates on economic reform that was going on in the Soviet Union in the 1970s (e.g., in the works of A. K. Pokrytan).
+In November 1953, he was accepted into the sector of dialectical materialism at the [[Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences|Institute of Philosophy]] of the USSR Academy of Sciences as a junior researcher, and in 1961 Ilyenkov received the position of senior researcher. In the first half of the 1960s, Ilyenkov participated in the creation of the Philosophical Encyclopedia as an author; in the process of working on the second volume, he became the editor of the section "dialectical materialism".<ref name=":0" />
+From 1975 until the end of his life, Ilyenkov led a scientific seminar at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University at the invitation of Dean [[Aleksei Leontiev]].
-Some of Ilyenkov's major works have been published in English and German translations. His ''Dialectical Logic'' (1974) was published in English by Progress Publishers in Moscow in 1977. A German translation of his ''Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx’s Capital'' (1960), was published by the same publisher in 1979 (and simultaneously by Das europäische Buch, West Berlin); an English translation of the book was published by Progress Publishers in Moscow in 1982.
+Suffering from depression and alcoholism, Ilyenkov committed suicide on March 21, 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-20 |title=А. Суворов – Средоточие боли |url=http://www.caute.tk/ilyenkov/biog/suvorov.html |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220202448/http://www.caute.tk/ilyenkov/biog/suvorov.html |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref> He was buried besides his father at the [[Novodevichy Cemetery]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-20 |title=Могила Э.В. Ильенкова на Новодевичьем кладбище |url=http://www.caute.tk/ilyenkov/arch/tum.html |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220202710/http://www.caute.tk/ilyenkov/arch/tum.html |archive-date=20 December 2013 }}</ref>
-== See also ==
-*[[Philosophy in the Soviet Union]]
-*[[Aleksandr Zinovyev]]
-==References==
+== Philosophy ==
+Evald Ilyenkov did original work on the materialist development of [[Hegel|Hegel's]] [[dialectics]], notable for his account of concrete universals. His works include ''Dialectical Logic'' (Russian, 1974; English trans. 1977), ''Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism'' (Russian, 1980 (posthum.); English trans. 1982) and ''The Dialectics of the Abstract and Concrete in Marx's Capital'' (Russian, 1960; English trans. 1982).
-*Text from [http://www.marxists.org/ The Marxists Internet Archive] under the terms of the [http://www.marxists.org/admin/legal/cc/by-sa.htm Creative Commons Commons Deed]
+David Bakhurst wrote in his article; "Meaning, Normativity and the Life of Mind":
+{{blockquote|Ilyenkov was important in the revival of Russian Marxist philosophy. In the early 1960s, he produced significant work in two main areas. First he wrote at length on Marx's dialectical method ('the method of ascent from the abstract to concrete'). This work, though it now seems obscure, has an important political sub-text: its critique of empiricism is aimed at the positivism and scientism that Ilyenkov thought prevalent in Soviet political and intellectual culture.
+Second, Ilyenkov developed a distinct solution to what he called 'the problem of the ideal;’ that is, the problem of the place of the non-material in the natural world. The latter involves a resolute defence of the objectivity of ideal phenomena, which are said to exist as aspects of our spiritual culture, embodied in our environment. ... there are important continuities between Ilyenkov’s ideas and controversies in Soviet philosophy and psychology in the 1920s and '30s, particularly ... with [[Vygotsky]]'s socio-historical psychology... After the insightful writings of the early 1960s, his inspiration diminished as the political climate became more oppressive. ... He died in 1979, by his own hand.|David Bakhurst|''Language and Communication'', 17 (1), 33–51}}
+An abridged version of his article, "Marx and the Western World," was published in English in a book of the same name in 1967, but this work is little known.
+On the other hand, Ilyenkov's work (especially his masterpiece, the study on ''Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx's Capital'' from 1960, and the collection of essays entitled ''Dialectical Logic'' from 1974) deeply influenced the reception of Marx' economic writings from the 1960s onwards, in the Soviet Union and the [[German Democratic Republic]] (GDR) as well as in the West. His influence can be witnessed in the international research effort concerned with the publication of Marx' economic manuscripts (in Marx/Engels: ''Gesamtausgabe'', or MEGA, section II, 1976 ff.). His influence is also evident in the intense debates on economic reform that was going on in the Soviet Union in the 1970s (e.g., in the works of [[A. K. Pokrytan]]).
+Ilyenkov's works have been published in about 20 languages. His ''Dialectical Logic'' (1974) was published in English by Progress Publishers in Moscow in 1977. A German translation of his ''Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx’s Capital'' (1960), was published by the same publisher in 1979 (and simultaneously by ''Das europäische Buch'', [[West Berlin]]); an English translation of the book was published by Progress Publishers in Moscow in 1982. ''Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism'' (first published in Russian in 1980) was published by New Park Publications in 1982.
+== Bibliography (English translations) ==
+Books:
+*2018. [https://brill.com/view/title/21911 Intelligent Materialism: Essays on Hegel and Dialectics]
+*1960. [http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/works/abstract/index.htm Dialectics of the Abstract & the Concrete in Marx’s Capital]
+*1974. [http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/works/essays/index.htm Dialectical Logic, Essays on its History and Theory]
+*1979. [http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/works/positive/index.htm Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism]
+Articles:
+*1974. [http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/works/activity/index.htm Activity and Knowledge]
+*1974. [http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/works/articles/marxist-leninist.htm From the Marxist-Leninist Point of View]
+*1974. [http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/works/articles/universal.htm The Universal]
+*1974. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025050/http://spinoza.xclan.ru/evischool.pdf A Contribution to a Conversation About Esthetic Education]
+*1975. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025050/http://spinoza.xclan.ru/evischool.pdf A Contribution to a Conversation About Meshcheriakov]
+*1975. [http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/ilyenkov5-humanism.html Humanism and Science]
+*1976. [http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/1569206x-12341248 Dialectics of the Ideal]
+*1977. [http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/works/ideal/ideal.htm Concept of the Ideal]
+*1979. [http://marxistphilosophy.org/ilenkov.htm The problem of contradiction in logic (fragment)]
+*1979. [https://www.academia.edu/1538594/Evald_Ilyenkov_Materialism_Is_Militant_and_Therefore_Dialectical_translation_ Materialism Is Militant and Therefore Dialectical]
+*Date unknown. [http://spinoza.xclan.ru/evirsips.pdf Psychology]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
+*Date unknown. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025050/http://spinoza.xclan.ru/evischool.pdf Our Schools Must Teach How to Think!]
+*Date unknown. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025050/http://spinoza.xclan.ru/evischool.pdf A Contribution to the Discussion on School Education]
+*Date unknown. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025050/http://spinoza.xclan.ru/evischool.pdf On the Nature of Ability]
+*Date unknown. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025050/http://spinoza.xclan.ru/evischool.pdf The Biological and the Social in Man]
+*Date unknown. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025050/http://spinoza.xclan.ru/evischool.pdf A Contribution on the Question of the Concept of “Activity” and Its Significance for Pedagogy]
+*Date unknown. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025050/http://spinoza.xclan.ru/evischool.pdf Knowledge and Thinking]
+*Date unknown. [http://mesharpe.metapress.com/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,3,4;journal,192,203;linkingpublicationresults,1:110923,1 Ideals (Social, Esthetic, Moral)]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
+*Date unknown. [http://mesharpe.metapress.com/index/G72X550M427210L4.pdf Mind and Brain (An Answer to D. I. Dubrovskii)]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
+*Date unknown. [http://mesharpe.metapress.com/index/47448P77614W8803.pdf The Question of the Identity of Thought and Being in Pre-Marxist Philosophy]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
+==See also==
+* [[Philosophy in the Soviet Union]]
+* [[Aleksandr Zinovyev]]
+* [[Merab Mamardashvili]]
+* [[György Lukács]]
+* [[Lev Vygotsky]]
+* [[Bertell Ollman]]
+== Notes ==
+{{reflist}}
+== Further reading ==
+* Ilyenkov, E.V., The Ideal in Human Activity, includes "Dialectical Logic" and essays on the ideal and activity, such as "The Universal", "Activity and Knowledge" and "The Concept of the Ideal", published by Erythrospress, see [http://www.erythrospress.com/store/ilyenkov.html Erythrospress.com/Ilyenkov]
+*Dialectics of the Ideal: Evald Ilyenkov and Creative Soviet Marxism (Historical Materialism Book Series) by Alex Levant
+*Evald Ilyenkov's Philosophy Revisited, (Kikimora publications) by Vesa Oittinen (Dec 2000)
+*Consciousness and Revolution in Soviet Philosophy: From the Bolsheviks to Evald Ilyenkov, by David Bakhurst (28 Jun 1991)
+*[http://www.ssw-translation.com/Ilyenkov_1977.shtml E. Ilyenkov and the Deaf-Blind Children:Soviet Psychologists Show Pavlov the Door, by Susan Welsh (1977).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103203641/http://www.ssw-translation.com/Ilyenkov_1977.shtml |date=3 November 2013 }}
+*[http://www.aworldtowin.net/documents/LotzColeSpinozaInSovietThought.pdf Spinoza, Ilyenkov & Western Marxism – meeting the challenges of the global crisis, by Corinna Lotz and Penny Cole (2012).]
+*[http://www.autodidactproject.org/other/sn-dialrev1.html On trends in the status of dialectical logic: A brief study of Lefebvre, Ilyenkov and Wald, by Claude M. J. Braun (1989)]
+*[http://www.aworldtowin.net/resources/Ilyenkov.html A philosopher under suspicion, by Sergey Mareev (1990)]
+*[http://marxandphilosophy.org.uk/reviewofbooks/reviews/2011/371 Review of E.V. Ilyenkov, "The Ideal in Human Activity", by Alex Levant (2011)]
+*[http://www.marxists.org/subject/psychology/works/jones/ideal.htm Symbols, tools, and ideality in Ilyenkov, by Peter Jones (1998)]
+*[http://caute.ru/ilyenkov/cmt/jones.htm Ideality, Symbols, and the Mind(Response to David Bakhurst), by Peter Jones (1998?)]
+*[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF00819094.pdf Re-reading Soviet philosophy: Bakhurst on Ilyenkov, by Brendan Larvor (1992)]
+*Lessons from Ilyenkov, by David Bakhurst (1995)
+*[https://www.academia.edu/1454708/From_the_History_of_Soviet_Philosophy_Lukacs-Vygotsky-Ilyenkov Review-essay: From the History of Soviet Philosophy: Lukacs-Vygotsky-Ilyenkov, by Alex Levant (2011)]
+*From the History of Soviet Philosophy: Lukács – Vygotsky – Ilyenkov, by Sergey Mareev, Moscow:Kul’turnaia revoliutsiia, 2008 [Russian]
+*[http://primerussia.ru/article_materials/291 About the Last Soviet Marxist, by Aleksey Tsvetkov (2013) [Russian<nowiki>]</nowiki>]
+*[https://www.academia.edu/1899665/E.V._Ilyenkov_and_Creative_Soviet_Theory_An_Introduction_to_Dialectics_of_the_Ideal E.V. Ilyenkov and Creative Soviet Theory: An Introduction to Dialectics of the Ideal, by Alex Levant (2012)]
+*[https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/evald-ilyenkovs-cosmology-the-point-of-madness-of-dialectical-materialism/ Evald Ilyenkov’s  Cosmology: The Point of Madness of Dialectical Materialism, by Slavoj Žižek]
+*Finding Evald Ilyenkov: How a Soviet philosopher who stood up for dialectics continues to inspire, by Corinna Lotz (2019)
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/ Archive of Writings in English at the MIA]
+*[http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/ Evald Ilyenkov Archive at Marxist Internet Archive]
-*[http://caute.2084.ru/ilyenkov/eng/index.htm Biography including Archive of Writings in English/Russian]
+*[http://caute.ru/ilyenkov/eng/texts.htm Biography including Archive of Writings in English/Russian]
-*[http://www.isfp.co.uk/russian_thinkers/evald_ilyenkov.html Evald Ilyenkov in the Gallery of Russian Thinkers]
+*{{deadlink|date=December 2024}}[http://www.isfp.co.uk/russian_thinkers/evald_ilyenkov.html Evald Ilyenkov in the Gallery of Russian Thinkers]
+*[http://www.aworldtowin.net/resources/Ilyenkov.html A Philosopher Under Suspicion by Sergei Mareyev]
-* Ilyenkov, E.V., The Ideal in Human Activity, includes “Dialectical Logic” and essays on the ideal and activity, such as “The Universal,” “Activity and Knowledge” and “The Concept of the Ideal,” published by Erythrospress, see [http://www.erythrospress.com/store/ilyenkov.html]
+*[https://ilyenkovfriends.org/ International Friends of Ilyenkov]
+{{Authority control}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Ilyenkov, Evald
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
-| DATE OF BIRTH     =
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
-| DATE OF DEATH     =
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ilyenkov, Evald}}
 [[Category:1924 births]]
-[[Category:1979 deaths]]
+[[Category:1979 suicides]]
-[[Category:20th-century philosophers]]
+[[Category:20th-century Russian philosophers]]
 [[Category:Materialists]]
 [[Category:Marxist theorists]]
@@ Line 48: / Line 132: @@
 [[Category:Russian Marxists]]
 [[Category:Russian people of World War II]]
-[[Category:Russian philosophers]]
 [[Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II]]
 [[Category:Soviet philosophers]]
 [[Category:Suicides in the Soviet Union]]
-[[Category:Writers who committed suicide]]
+[[Category:Spinoza scholars]]
+[[Category:1979 deaths]]
-[[da:Ewald Ilyenkov]]
-[[de:Ewald Wassiljewitsch Iljenkow]]
-[[et:Evald Iljenkov]]
-[[es:Évald Iliénkov]]
-[[fa:اوالد ایلینکوف]]
-[[ru:Ильенков, Эвальд Васильевич]]
-[[fi:Evald Iljenkov]]

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