Professional degrees of public health: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Professional degree}} |
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The '''Master of Public Health''' ('''M.P.H.''') and the '''Doctor of Public Health''' ('''Dr.PH.''') are [[multi-disciplinary]] [[professional degree]]s awarded for studies in areas related to [[public health]]. |
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The '''Master of Public Health''' ('''MPH'''), '''Master of Science in Public Health''' ('''MSPH'''), '''Master of Medical Science in Public Health''' ('''MMSPH''') and the [[Doctor of Public Health]] ('''DrPH'''), '''International Masters for Health Leadership''' ('''IMHL''') are [[interdisciplinary]] [[professional degree]]s awarded for studies in areas related to [[public health]]. The MPH degree focuses on public health practice, as opposed to research or teaching. Master of Public Health programs are available throughout the world in Schools of Public Health, Programs in Public Health, Medical Schools, and Schools of Public Affairs. MPH degrees, in addition to including a core curriculum, will usually also let students pursue a [[Academic major|specialization]] in a specific field, such as [[epidemiology]], [[biostatistics]], or [[Health administration|health management]]. |
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==General== |
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The MPH degree focuses on public health practice, as opposed to research or teaching. Master of Public Health programs are available throughout the world in Medical Schools, Schools of Public Health, and Schools of Public Affairs. |
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A professional [[academic degree|degree]] is one that, based on its learning objectives and types of positions its graduates pursue, prepares students with a broad mastery of the subject matter and methods necessary in a field of practice; it typically requires students to develop the capacity to organize, analyze, interpret and communicate knowledge in an applied manner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/educational-programs/student-resources/core-areas/ |title=Professional Degrees & Core Requirements |publisher=Harvard School of Public Health |access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> |
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===Master's degrees=== |
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The traditional MPH degree is designed to expose candidates to six core areas of public health: |
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In some countries the MPH program is only available for physician graduates ([[MBBS]], [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]], [[Doctor of Osteopathy|DO]], or equivalent). In those countries, individuals without a medical degree may enter a Master of Science in Public Health (MSPH) or Master of Medical Science in Public Health (MMSPH) programs. |
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==== Core disciplines ==== |
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The traditional MPH degree is designed to expose candidates to five core discipline areas of public health:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asph.org/ |title=ASPH |publisher=ASPH |access-date=2012-09-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911051643/http://www.asph.org/ |archive-date=2012-09-11 }}</ref> |
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#[[Biostatistics]] |
#[[Biostatistics]] |
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#[[Epidemiology]] |
#[[Epidemiology]] |
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#[[Environmental health|Environmental Health]] |
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#[[Health Administration|Health Services Administration]] |
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#[[Health policy|Health Policy]] and [[Health administration|Health Administration]] |
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#[[Health Education]] |
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#[[Social science|Social and behavioral sciences]] |
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#[[Behavioral Science]] and |
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#[[Environmental Health]] |
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===Doctorate degrees=== |
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In addition to these core areas, MPH degrees may also intersect with fields such as [[urban planning]], [[policy]], [[advocacy]], [[community organizing]], [[communications]], [[integrated health]], [[social work]] and [[social sustainability]]. |
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The [[Doctor of Public Health]] (DrPH) degree is for those who intend to pursue or advance a professional practice career in public health and for leaders and future leaders in public health practice. They face the particular challenge of understanding and adapting scientific knowledge in order to achieve health gain and results. This degree leads to a career in high-level administration, teaching, or practice, where advanced analytical and conceptual capabilities are required. The usual requirement for entry into this program is a master's degree in Public Health (MPH). The DrPH program develops in its candidates all competencies included in MPH programs, with increased emphasis on high-level skills in problem-solving and the application of public health concepts. |
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==India== |
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In some countries the MPH program is only available for medical graduates ([[MBBS]] or equivalent), those without the medical degree can join the [[Master of Health Science|Master of Science in Public Health (MSPH)]] program. The MSPH degree is an academic public health degree rather than a professional public health degree. The MSPH is more research-oriented than is the MPH. Required MSPH coursework includes most of the same classes needed for the MPH degree, but in addition the MSPH degree requires additional coursework in research methods, epidemiology, biostatistics, and similar public health studies. Also, MSPH students must complete a research thesis. The extra coursework roughly requires an additional year of study in relation to what is required for the MPH degree. |
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In India, the MPH degree course is a two-year full-time postgraduate course or a postgraduate diploma of one year (DPH), approved by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission (UGC)]], which is open to candidates with a bachelor's degree in any discipline of arts, commerce or science from a recognized university, with at least 50% marks.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Dr Edmond |title=What is an MPH degree and What can you do with it? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/global-health-focus/what-is-an-mph-degree-and-what-can-you-do-with-it/ |access-date=2024-06-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |
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Initially students from health science backgrounds would opt for MPH course, but post COVID-19 the job markets have opened up where students from any discipline are encouraged and there's growing avenue for jobs across sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edmond |date=2019-08-09 |title=Why public health is the sexiest profession of the 21st century |url=https://www.edmond.in/opinions/why-community-medicine-public-health-is-the-sexiest-profession-of-the-21st-century/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Dr. Edmond Fernandes |language=en-US}}</ref> Online Masters of Public Health ( MPH) is banned and not recognized as per UGC in India. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Jeevan |title=Beware! That online degree may not be valid in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/beware-that-online-degree-may-not-be-valid-in-india/story-IZoQfPHgv7Ckj4vRSUofeI.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> |
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The DrPH degree is for those who intend to pursue or advance a professional practice career in public health and for leaders and future leaders in public health practice. They face the particular challenge of understanding and adapting scientific knowledge in order to achieve health gain and results. This degree leads to a career in high-level administration, teaching, or practice, where advanced analytical and conceptual capabilities are required. The usual requirement for entry into this program is a Masters degree in Public Health (MPH). The DrPH program develops in its candidates all competencies included in MPH programs, with increased emphasis on high level skills in problem-solving and the application of public health concepts. |
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==Malaysia== |
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The [[Doctor of Health Science]] degree (D.H.Sc.) is similar to the Doctor of Public Health degree in scope and necessary requirements for completion. However, the D.H.Sc. is a post-professional academic degree for those who intend to pursue or advance a professional practice career in Health Arts and Sciences, and Health Care Delivery Systems, to include clinical practice, education, administration, and research. Masters credentialed paramedical professionals ([[Respiratory Therapist]], [[Radiology technologist]], [[Dental hygienist]], and [[Athletic trainer]]) and advanced practice clinicians with Masters degrees ([[Physician Assistant]]/Physician Associate (PA), [[Nurse Administrator]], and [[Nurse Practitioner]] (NP)) are drawn to the D.H.Sc. credential in effort to advance their careers to the top executive level. |
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In [[Malaysia]], the first MPH programme started in 1973 by the [[Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya]]. It was in response to an acute need of the Ministry of Health Malaysia for Medical Offices of Health to serve in the then fast expanding rural health services. The first batch of specialist graduated in 1974. Thus the programme during the first decade of its existence was aimed at producing competent public health specialist to serve the rural areas. |
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Currently, universities in Malaysia that offer the master programme in public health are the [[University of Malaya]], [[Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]], [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]], [[Universiti Putra Malaysia]], [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (UniMAS), [[Universiti Malaysia Sabah]] (UMS), [[Universiti Teknologi Mara]] (UiTM), [[Universiti Kuala Lumpur]], [[Perdana University]], [[International Medical University]], [[RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus]] (formerly known as [[Penang University]]), [[University of Cyberjaya]], [[MAHSA University]], [[Lincoln University College, Malaysia|Lincoln University]], and [[Monash University Malaysia]]. |
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==Asia== |
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* [[Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]] |
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* [[China Medical University]], [[Taichung]], [[Taiwan]] |
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* [[Aga Khan University]], [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]] |
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* [[Daebul University]], [[South Jeolla]], [[South Korea]] |
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* [[U.P. Los Baños|University of the Philippines- Los Baños]] - Open University, [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], [[Philippines]] |
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* [[Hallym University]], [[Chuncheon]], [[South Korea]] |
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* [[Mahidol University]], Faculty of Public Health, [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] |
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* [[Taipei Medical University]], [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] |
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* [[The University of Hong Kong]], [[Hong Kong]] |
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* [[The Chinese University of Hong Kong]], [[Hong Kong]] |
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* [[University of Public Health]], [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]] |
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* [[University of Malaya]], [[Department of Social and Preventive Medicine]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] |
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* [[Nagasaki University]], [[Nagasaki]], [[Japan]] |
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* [[University of Otago Wellington School of Medicine]], [[Dunedin]], [[New Zealand]] |
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* [[University of the Philippines Manila]], College of Public Health, [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] |
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* James P Grant School of Public Health, [[BRAC University]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]] |
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* [[National University of Singapore]], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, [[Singapore]] |
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* [[Mae Fah Luang University]], [[Chiangrai]], [[Thailand]] |
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* [[ Institute of Environmental Sciences and Water Research Centre]], [[University of Karachi]], [[karachi]].[[Pakistan]] |
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The programmes include Master of Public Health, Master of Medical Science in Public Health, Global Public Health, and Master of Science in Public Health (Global Health). The duration of the programmes is between 1 and 1.5 years full-time, and for part-time students, the duration will be longer. The entry requirement for the Master programme in Public Health in Malaysia is a medical, dental or pharmacy undergraduate degree, or any other science degree, and with the relevant working experience. |
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==Australia== |
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* Griffith University, School of Public Health [Southbank Campus], Brisbane QLD |
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* [[University of Queensland]], School of Population Health, [[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]] |
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* Queensland University of Technology, School of Public Health |
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* [[Curtin University]], School of Public Health, [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], [[Western Australia]] |
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* [[Deakin University]], [[Melbourne]], [[VIC]] |
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* [[LaTrobe University]], [[Melbourne]], [[VIC]] |
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* [[Monash University]], [[Melbourne]], [[VIC]] |
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* [[University of Adelaide]], [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]] |
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* [[University of Melbourne]], School of Population Health, [[Melbourne]], [[VIC]] |
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* [[University of New South Wales]], [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]] |
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* [[University of Sydney]], School of Public Health, [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]] |
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* [[University of Western Australia]], Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences - School of Population Health, [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], [[Western Australia]] |
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* [[University of Wollongong]], [[Wollongong]], [[New South Wales]] |
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* [[University of Auckland]], [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]] |
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* [[Menzies School of Health]], [[Darwin]], [[NT]] |
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</br> |
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The [[Doctor of Public Health]] (DrPH) degree programme is the highest professional degree for individuals focusing on Public Health practice. It is intended for leaders and future leaders in public health who want a flexible career which combines high-level leadership, management and research. Their career pursuits may include applied research, teaching and/or practice in the field of health services and public health administration. In Malaysia, the DrPH programme is available from the [[University of Malaya]], [[Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]], [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]], [[Universiti Putra Malaysia]], [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (UniMAS), [[Universiti Malaysia Sabah]] (UMS), and [[Universiti Teknologi Mara]] (UiTM). |
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==Africa== |
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===Public health medicine specialist=== |
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Jomo kenyatta university of Agriculture and Technology. Institute of tropical medicine and infectious diseases (ITROMID). Nairobi, kenya. |
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The [[public health medicine specialist]]s are medical specialists in the field of [[public health]] registered with the Malaysian National Specialist Registry (NSR). The prerequisites for registration is the process of a medical degree who is registered with the [[Malaysian Medical Council]], a Master of Public Health degree, and either a Doctor of Public Health degree or a Doctor of Philosophy degree from a medical or public health school, and with six months to one-year postgraduation working experience in Public Health. |
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* [[University of Nairobi]], School of Medicine, [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] |
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* [[Moi University]], [[Eldoret]], [[Kenya]] |
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* [[Kenyatta University]], [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] |
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* [[Makerere University]], College of Health Sciences, [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]]. |
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* [[University of Ibadan]], College of Medicine, [[Ibadan]], [[Nigeria]]. |
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</br> |
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==United Kingdom== |
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In the [[United Kingdom]], the MPH or MSc in Public Health is usually a one-year full-time program. Taught modules typically account for two-thirds of the MPH and a project one third. Students may be medical or non-medical graduates. Degrees vary in their content, but most cover similar areas of public health. Because of the key role played by public health practitioners in the [[National Health Service|NHS]] a UK MPH also often includes [[health economics]]. |
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Degrees that include a substantial epidemiological component are more selective and some require applicants to demonstrate ability before applying, by the completion of an online test MPH Selection Test.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mph-selection.org.uk/ |title=Master of Public Health Applicant Selection Test |work=Unit of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics |publisher=University of Birmingham|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> |
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===Canada=== |
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===Faculty of Public Health (UK)=== |
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* [[Memorial University]], Division of Community Health and Humanities, [[St. John's|Newfoundland and Labrador]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[Dalhousie University]], Masters Program in Public Health (in development), [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[McGill University]], The Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, [[Montreal]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[Université de Montréal]], Master of Science Program in Community Health, [[Montreal]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[Université Laval]], Department of Medicine, Faculty of Social and Preventive Medicine, [[Quebec City]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[University of Ottawa]], Program in Epidemiology, [[Ottawa]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[Queen's University]], Community Health and Epidemiology, [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[Lakehead University]], Master of Public Health (MPH) [[Thunder Bay]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[University of Toronto]], Dalla Lana School of Public Health, [[Toronto]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[University of Western Ontario]], The Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, [[London, Ontario]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[University of Waterloo]], Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[University of Manitoba]], Master of Public Health (MPH), [[Winnipeg]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[University of Saskatchewan]], School of Public Health, [[Saskatoon]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[University of Alberta]], Department of Public Health Sciences, [[Edmonton]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[University of British Columbia]], School of Population and Public Health, [[Vancouver]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[Simon Fraser University]], Faculty of Health Sciences, [[Vancouver]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[University of Victoria]], School of Public Health and Social Policy, [[Victoria]], [[Canada]] |
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* [[University of Northern British Columbia]], Community Health Sciences, [[Prince George]], [[Canada]] |
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In the UK specialist accreditation in public health is provided by the [[Faculty of Public Health]] (FPH).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fph.org.uk/ |title=About FPH|publisher= UK Faculty of Public Health|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> Specialist accreditation is through participation in a four-year program analogous to specialist training for doctors. Specialist trainees must pass two sets of examinations, demonstrably achieve certain skills and submit a portfolio of work. However specialist training in public health is now also open to non-doctors. The Faculty of Public Health is an autonomous joint faculty of the three Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom (London, Glasgow and Edinburgh) and awards Diplomate Membership and full Membership by examination and Fellowship to those who have gained admission to the relevant professional register such as the register held by the General Medical Council. |
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===Mexico=== |
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* [[Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas|Autonomous University of Tamaulipas]], [[Ciudad Victoria]] and [[Tampico]], [[Mexico]] |
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== United States == |
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In the United States, any person with an accredited undergraduate degree may pursue an MPH or MSPH and usually takes two-years of full-time work to complete. Based on the accreditation of the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH), an MPH or MSPH is not a clinical degree.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cyclopaedia.de/wiki/Masters_in_Public_Health |title=Masters in Public Health |publisher=cyclopedia.net |access-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220231045/http://www.cyclopaedia.de/wiki/Masters_in_Public_Health |archive-date=20 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, some states in the United States recognize MPH holders as ancillary clinical professionals (and patient-facing clinical staff) especially with regard to preventive medicine, health education, and other functions in the clinical and hospital environments. In fact, most hospital systems have MPH public health staff to study disease trends and help to combat [[hospital-acquired infection]]s (nosocomial infections) and immediately determine epidemiologic trends, for example, flu outbreak tendencies, etc.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thebestsolver.com/public-health-professional.html |title=public health professional? |publisher=The Best Solver |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220234009/https://www.thebestsolver.com/public-health-professional.html |archive-date=20 December 2014 |access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> |
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{{main|Public_health#Schools_of_Public_Health|l1=History of Schools of Public Health in the U.S.}} |
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The Association of Schools of Public Health<ref>[http://www.asph.org/ Association of Schools of Public Health] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911051643/http://www.asph.org/ |date=11 September 2012 }}</ref> represents schools of public health that are accredited by the [[Council on Education for Public Health]] (CEPH).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ceph.org/|title=Home - Council on Education for Public Health|website=ceph.org|access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref> [[Delta Omega]] is the [[honor society]] for graduate studies in public health. The society was founded in 1924 at the [[Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health]]. Currently, there are approximately 68 chapters throughout the United States and Puerto Rico.<ref>[http://www.deltaomega.org/ Delta Omega website] (primary source)</ref> |
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====Council on Education for Public Health==== |
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In the United States the [[Council on Education for Public Health|Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH)]] accredits schools of public health and programs of public health through a formal review process. |
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* [http://www.ceph.org/files/public/Master_List.v.9.pdf List of Schools & Programs of Public Health Accredited by the CEPH] |
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* '''CEPH Accredited Online programs:''' [[Des Moines University]], (M.P.H. degree) [http://www.dmu.edu/chs/mph/ Master of Public Health] |
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=== Council on Education for Public Health === |
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In addition to coursework, CEPH programs have thesis and practicum requirements that may be waived if the candidate has substantial prior experience in the field. Non-CEPH programs may have other requirements. |
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In the United States the [[Council on Education for Public Health]] (CEPH) accredits schools of public health and programs of public health through a formal review process.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceph.org/assets/Master_List.pdf |title= List of Schools & Programs of Public Health Accredited by the CEPH |publisher=CEPH|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> |
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=== |
=== Certified in Public Health (CPH) Exam === |
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In 2008, the National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE), |
CPH is the only public health board certification available in the United States for public health professionals. In 2008, the National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE), a United States–based credentialing board, began offering the certification exam (CPH) designed to test mastery of the core competencies of the public health professionals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbphe.org/aboutthecph.cfm |title=About the CPH |year=2013 |publisher=National Board of Public Health Examiners |access-date=2 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404072124/http://www.nbphe.org/aboutthecph.cfm |archive-date=4 April 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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</br> |
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====Council of Graduate Programs in Public Health==== |
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The [http://www.aptrweb.org/membership/Council.html Council of Graduate Programs in Public Health] represents the accredited and emerging graduate programs across the U.S. that grant public health degrees and therefore prepare students for professional careers in public health. The Council encourages, promotes and supports universities, schools and colleges in developing, maintaining, and advancing graduate programs in the disciplines of preventive medicine, social medicine, community health and public health. The Council is sponsored by the [http://www.aptrweb.org Association for Prevention Teaching and Research]. |
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</br> |
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===Recertification requirements=== |
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==Europe== |
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After candidates pass the Continuing Education for CPH<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbphe.org/stay-certified/|title=Recertification Process – NBPHE}}</ref> examination, they must maintain the certification with 30 CPH recertification credits approved by the NBPHE.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbphe.org/stay-certified/ |title=Recertification Process |year=2023 |publisher=National Board of Public Health Examiners |access-date=13 June 2023}}</ref> |
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===United Kingdom=== |
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In the [[United Kingdom]] the MPH is usually a one year full-time program. Taught modules typically account for two thirds of the MPH and a project one third. Students may be medical or non-medical graduates. Degrees vary in their content, but most cover similar areas of public health. Because of the key role played by public health practitioners in the [[National Health Service|NHS]] a UK MPH also often includes [[Health Economics]]. |
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The NBPHE's Board of Directors primarily represents five key collaborating organizations: the [[American Public Health Association]], the Association of Prevention Teaching and Research, the Association of Schools of Public Health, the [[Association of State and Territorial Health Officials]], and the [[National Association of County and City Health Officials]]. The board is dedicated to increasing recognition of the public health profession, raising the visibility of public health, and measuring and improving the competency of public health workers across the nation and around the world. |
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Degrees that include a substantial epidemiological component are more selective and some require applicants to demonstrate ability before applying, by completion of an online test MPH Selection Test [http://www.mph-selection.org.uk/] |
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=== |
=== Council of Graduate Programs in Public Health === |
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The Council of Graduate Programs in Public Health represents the accredited and emerging graduate programs across the United States that grant public health degrees and therefore prepare students for professional careers in public health.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aptrweb.org/?page=Council |title=Council of Graduate Programs in Public Health |publisher=APTR|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> The Council encourages, promotes and supports universities, schools and colleges in developing, maintaining, and advancing graduate programs in the disciplines of preventive medicine, social medicine, community health and public health. The council is sponsored by the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aptrweb.org |title=Association for Prevention Teaching and Research |publisher=APTR|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> |
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In the UK specialist accreditation in public health is provided by the Faculty of Public Health (FPH) [http://www.fphm.org.uk/]. Specialist accreditation is through participation in a four year program analogous to specialist training for doctors. Specialist trainees must pass an examination, demonstrably achieve certain skills and submit a portfolio of work. However specialist training in public health is also open to non-doctors. |
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===Subjects=== |
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* [[University of Birmingham]], School of Health and Population Sciences, [[Birmingham]], [[United Kingdom]] |
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* [[Nottingham University]], School of Community Health Sciences, [[Nottingham]], [[United Kingdom]] |
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* [[University of Leeds]], Nuffield Centre for International Health & Development[http://www.leeds.ac.uk/lihs/nuffield/landt/ma_ph_int.htm], [[United Kingdom]] |
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Topics covered during the course include |
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===Rest of Europe=== |
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[[Social Epidemiology]] including Chronic and Infectious disease Epidemiology, |
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* [[University College Dublin]], School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Population Science, [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]] |
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[[Biostatistics]], |
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* [[Reykjavik University]], School of Health and Education, [[Reykjavik]], [[Iceland]] |
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[[Environmental and Occupational Health]], Gender Issues in Health, |
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* [[Karolinska Institutet]], Department of Public Health Sciences, [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]] |
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[[Health Policy Analysis]] and [[Health Administration]], |
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[[Social and behavioral sciences]], |
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* Andalusian School of Public Health, [[Spain]] |
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[[Health Care System|Health System Management]], Sexual and Reproductive Health, Health and Development, |
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* [[Erasmus University Rotterdam]], Netherlands Institute for Health Sciences (NIHES), [[Netherlands]], [http://www.nihes.nl/site/index.phtml] |
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[[Health economics|Health Economics]], Public Health Nutrition, |
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* [[Maastricht University]], [[Maastricht]], [[Netherlands]] |
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National Health Programs, Medical Anthropology, Research Methodology, |
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* Netherlands School of Public and Occupational Health, [[Netherlands]] |
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[[Public health Ethics and Law]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://admissions.tiss.edu/m-a-admissions/mumbai-campus-m-a-2016/school-of-health-systems-studies-2016/master-of-public-health-mph-in-health-policy-economics-and-finance-2016-18|title=TISS CURRICULUM|access-date=2016-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712002605/http://admissions.tiss.edu/m-a-admissions/mumbai-campus-m-a-2016/school-of-health-systems-studies-2016/master-of-public-health-mph-in-health-policy-economics-and-finance-2016-18|archive-date=2016-07-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* [[Slovak Medical University]], Faculty of Public Health, [[Bratislava]], [[Slovakia]] |
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* [[Umeå University]], Umeå International School of Public Health[http://www.umu.se/phmed/epidemi/index.html], [[Sweden]] |
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* [[University of Copenhagen]], [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]] [http://mph.ku.dk/] |
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* [[University of Southern Denmark]], [[Odense]], [[Denmark]] |
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* [[University of Trnava]], Faculty of Health Care and Social Work, Department of Public Health, [[Trnava]], [[Slovakia]], [http://www.truni.sk/index.php?page=3] |
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* [[VU University Amsterdam]], [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]] |
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* [http://www.uib.no University of Bergen], Norway |
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== |
==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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===Argentina=== |
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Universities with certified Masters in Public Health in Argentina<ref>http://spuweb.siu.edu.ar/studyinargentina/pages/study1603.php Search for Salúd Pública</ref>. |
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*[[U of BA]] |
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*[[NU of LP]] |
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*[[NU of C]] |
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*[[NU of R]] |
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*[[NU of T]] |
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*[[NU of S]] |
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*[[NU of CA]] |
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===Colombia=== |
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* [[University of Antioquia]], National Faculty of Public Health, [[Medellín]], [[Colombia]] |
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* [[National University of Colombia]], Public Health Department, [[Bogota]], [[Colombia]] |
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===Ecuador=== |
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* [[Universidad San Francisco de Quito|San Francisco de Quito University]], [[Quito]], [[Ecuador]] |
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===Peru=== |
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* [[Cayetano Heredia University]], Faculty of Public Health and Administration, [[Lima]], [[Peru]] |
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===Doctor of Health Science=== |
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* [[Nova Southeastern University]] |
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* [[A.T. Still University]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [ |
* [https://www.aptrweb.org/page/CouncilGraduatePrograms Council of Graduate Programs in Public Health] |
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* [http://www. |
* [http://www.sophe.org/ Society for Public Health Education] |
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* [http://www. |
* [http://www.aspph.org Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health] |
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* [ |
* [https://ceph.org/ Council on Education for Public Health] |
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* [ |
* [https://ceph.org/about/org-info/who-we-accredit/accredited/ List of CEPH accredited Schools & Programs of Public Health] |
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* [http://www. |
* [http://www.nbphe.org/ National Board of Public Health Examiners] |
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* [http://www.publichealthexam.org/documents/CPH2008CandidateProfile.pdf Profile of the 2008 NBPHE Candidates] |
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* [http://www.aspher.org/index.php?auto=index The Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region] |
* [http://www.aspher.org/index.php?auto=index The Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region] |
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* [http://www.mph.lumc.edu/index.html Online MPH program] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Academic degrees}} |
{{Academic degrees}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Professional Degrees Of Public Health}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Professional Degrees Of Public Health}} |
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[[Category:Master's degrees|Public Health]] |
[[Category:Master's degrees|Public Health]] |
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[[Category:Schools of public health| ]] |
[[Category:Schools of public health| ]] |
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[[Category:Public health education]] |
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[[de:Master of Public Health]] |
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[[it:Master of Public Health]] |
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[[nl:Master of Public Health]] |
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Latest revision as of 08:56, 24 November 2024
The Master of Public Health (MPH), Master of Science in Public Health (MSPH), Master of Medical Science in Public Health (MMSPH) and the Doctor of Public Health (DrPH), International Masters for Health Leadership (IMHL) are interdisciplinary professional degrees awarded for studies in areas related to public health. The MPH degree focuses on public health practice, as opposed to research or teaching. Master of Public Health programs are available throughout the world in Schools of Public Health, Programs in Public Health, Medical Schools, and Schools of Public Affairs. MPH degrees, in addition to including a core curriculum, will usually also let students pursue a specialization in a specific field, such as epidemiology, biostatistics, or health management.
General
[edit]A professional degree is one that, based on its learning objectives and types of positions its graduates pursue, prepares students with a broad mastery of the subject matter and methods necessary in a field of practice; it typically requires students to develop the capacity to organize, analyze, interpret and communicate knowledge in an applied manner.[1]
Master's degrees
[edit]In some countries the MPH program is only available for physician graduates (MBBS, MD, DO, or equivalent). In those countries, individuals without a medical degree may enter a Master of Science in Public Health (MSPH) or Master of Medical Science in Public Health (MMSPH) programs.
Core disciplines
[edit]The traditional MPH degree is designed to expose candidates to five core discipline areas of public health:[2]
- Biostatistics
- Epidemiology
- Environmental Health
- Health Policy and Health Administration
- Social and behavioral sciences
Doctorate degrees
[edit]The Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) degree is for those who intend to pursue or advance a professional practice career in public health and for leaders and future leaders in public health practice. They face the particular challenge of understanding and adapting scientific knowledge in order to achieve health gain and results. This degree leads to a career in high-level administration, teaching, or practice, where advanced analytical and conceptual capabilities are required. The usual requirement for entry into this program is a master's degree in Public Health (MPH). The DrPH program develops in its candidates all competencies included in MPH programs, with increased emphasis on high-level skills in problem-solving and the application of public health concepts.
India
[edit]In India, the MPH degree course is a two-year full-time postgraduate course or a postgraduate diploma of one year (DPH), approved by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which is open to candidates with a bachelor's degree in any discipline of arts, commerce or science from a recognized university, with at least 50% marks.[3]
Initially students from health science backgrounds would opt for MPH course, but post COVID-19 the job markets have opened up where students from any discipline are encouraged and there's growing avenue for jobs across sectors.[4] Online Masters of Public Health ( MPH) is banned and not recognized as per UGC in India. [5]
Malaysia
[edit]In Malaysia, the first MPH programme started in 1973 by the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya. It was in response to an acute need of the Ministry of Health Malaysia for Medical Offices of Health to serve in the then fast expanding rural health services. The first batch of specialist graduated in 1974. Thus the programme during the first decade of its existence was aimed at producing competent public health specialist to serve the rural areas.
Currently, universities in Malaysia that offer the master programme in public health are the University of Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UniMAS), Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Perdana University, International Medical University, RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus (formerly known as Penang University), University of Cyberjaya, MAHSA University, Lincoln University, and Monash University Malaysia.
The programmes include Master of Public Health, Master of Medical Science in Public Health, Global Public Health, and Master of Science in Public Health (Global Health). The duration of the programmes is between 1 and 1.5 years full-time, and for part-time students, the duration will be longer. The entry requirement for the Master programme in Public Health in Malaysia is a medical, dental or pharmacy undergraduate degree, or any other science degree, and with the relevant working experience.
The Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) degree programme is the highest professional degree for individuals focusing on Public Health practice. It is intended for leaders and future leaders in public health who want a flexible career which combines high-level leadership, management and research. Their career pursuits may include applied research, teaching and/or practice in the field of health services and public health administration. In Malaysia, the DrPH programme is available from the University of Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UniMAS), Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), and Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM).
Public health medicine specialist
[edit]The public health medicine specialists are medical specialists in the field of public health registered with the Malaysian National Specialist Registry (NSR). The prerequisites for registration is the process of a medical degree who is registered with the Malaysian Medical Council, a Master of Public Health degree, and either a Doctor of Public Health degree or a Doctor of Philosophy degree from a medical or public health school, and with six months to one-year postgraduation working experience in Public Health.
United Kingdom
[edit]In the United Kingdom, the MPH or MSc in Public Health is usually a one-year full-time program. Taught modules typically account for two-thirds of the MPH and a project one third. Students may be medical or non-medical graduates. Degrees vary in their content, but most cover similar areas of public health. Because of the key role played by public health practitioners in the NHS a UK MPH also often includes health economics.
Degrees that include a substantial epidemiological component are more selective and some require applicants to demonstrate ability before applying, by the completion of an online test MPH Selection Test.[6]
Faculty of Public Health (UK)
[edit]In the UK specialist accreditation in public health is provided by the Faculty of Public Health (FPH).[7] Specialist accreditation is through participation in a four-year program analogous to specialist training for doctors. Specialist trainees must pass two sets of examinations, demonstrably achieve certain skills and submit a portfolio of work. However specialist training in public health is now also open to non-doctors. The Faculty of Public Health is an autonomous joint faculty of the three Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom (London, Glasgow and Edinburgh) and awards Diplomate Membership and full Membership by examination and Fellowship to those who have gained admission to the relevant professional register such as the register held by the General Medical Council.
United States
[edit]In the United States, any person with an accredited undergraduate degree may pursue an MPH or MSPH and usually takes two-years of full-time work to complete. Based on the accreditation of the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH), an MPH or MSPH is not a clinical degree.[8] However, some states in the United States recognize MPH holders as ancillary clinical professionals (and patient-facing clinical staff) especially with regard to preventive medicine, health education, and other functions in the clinical and hospital environments. In fact, most hospital systems have MPH public health staff to study disease trends and help to combat hospital-acquired infections (nosocomial infections) and immediately determine epidemiologic trends, for example, flu outbreak tendencies, etc.[9]
The Association of Schools of Public Health[10] represents schools of public health that are accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH).[11] Delta Omega is the honor society for graduate studies in public health. The society was founded in 1924 at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. Currently, there are approximately 68 chapters throughout the United States and Puerto Rico.[12]
Council on Education for Public Health
[edit]In the United States the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) accredits schools of public health and programs of public health through a formal review process.[13]
Certified in Public Health (CPH) Exam
[edit]CPH is the only public health board certification available in the United States for public health professionals. In 2008, the National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE), a United States–based credentialing board, began offering the certification exam (CPH) designed to test mastery of the core competencies of the public health professionals.[14]
Recertification requirements
[edit]After candidates pass the Continuing Education for CPH[15] examination, they must maintain the certification with 30 CPH recertification credits approved by the NBPHE.[16]
The NBPHE's Board of Directors primarily represents five key collaborating organizations: the American Public Health Association, the Association of Prevention Teaching and Research, the Association of Schools of Public Health, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, and the National Association of County and City Health Officials. The board is dedicated to increasing recognition of the public health profession, raising the visibility of public health, and measuring and improving the competency of public health workers across the nation and around the world.
Council of Graduate Programs in Public Health
[edit]The Council of Graduate Programs in Public Health represents the accredited and emerging graduate programs across the United States that grant public health degrees and therefore prepare students for professional careers in public health.[17] The Council encourages, promotes and supports universities, schools and colleges in developing, maintaining, and advancing graduate programs in the disciplines of preventive medicine, social medicine, community health and public health. The council is sponsored by the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research.[18]
Subjects
[edit]Topics covered during the course include Social Epidemiology including Chronic and Infectious disease Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Environmental and Occupational Health, Gender Issues in Health, Health Policy Analysis and Health Administration, Social and behavioral sciences, Health System Management, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Health and Development, Health Economics, Public Health Nutrition, National Health Programs, Medical Anthropology, Research Methodology, Public health Ethics and Law.[19]
References
[edit]- ^ "Professional Degrees & Core Requirements". Harvard School of Public Health. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ "ASPH". ASPH. Archived from the original on 2012-09-11. Retrieved 2012-09-10.
- ^ Fernandes, Dr Edmond. "What is an MPH degree and What can you do with it?". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ^ Edmond (2019-08-09). "Why public health is the sexiest profession of the 21st century". Dr. Edmond Fernandes. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ Sharma, Jeevan. "Beware! That online degree may not be valid in India". Hindustan Times.
- ^ "Master of Public Health Applicant Selection Test". Unit of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ "About FPH". UK Faculty of Public Health. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ "Masters in Public Health". cyclopedia.net. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ "public health professional?". The Best Solver. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ Association of Schools of Public Health Archived 11 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Home - Council on Education for Public Health". ceph.org. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ Delta Omega website (primary source)
- ^ "List of Schools & Programs of Public Health Accredited by the CEPH" (PDF). CEPH. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ "About the CPH". National Board of Public Health Examiners. 2013. Archived from the original on 4 April 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
- ^ "Recertification Process – NBPHE".
- ^ "Recertification Process". National Board of Public Health Examiners. 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
- ^ "Council of Graduate Programs in Public Health". APTR. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ "Association for Prevention Teaching and Research". APTR. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ "TISS CURRICULUM". Archived from the original on 2016-07-12. Retrieved 2016-06-24.
External links
[edit]- Council of Graduate Programs in Public Health
- Society for Public Health Education
- Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health
- Council on Education for Public Health
- List of CEPH accredited Schools & Programs of Public Health
- National Board of Public Health Examiners
- The Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region
