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{{Short description|American video game developer}}
{{Infobox_Company |
{{Use American English|date=February 2018}}
company_name = Firaxis Games |
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
company_logo = [[Image:Firaxis-logo.jpg]] |
{{Infobox company
company_type = [[Private company|Private]] (subsidiary of [[Take-Two Interactive|Take2]]) |
| name = Firaxis Games, Inc.
company_slogan = ''Games that stand the Test of Time'' |
| logo = Firaxis Games.svg
foundation = [[Hunt Valley, Maryland]], [[United States]] ([[1996]]) |
| logo_caption = Firaxis's logo features a fire wheel, meant to symbolize the "fiery axis of creativity from which all great game elements arise".<ref name="GameSpy" />
location = [[Hunt Valley, Maryland]], [[United States]] |
| former_name = Firaxis Software, Inc. (1996–1997)
key_people = [[Sid Meier]], Director of Creative Development<br />[[Jeff Briggs]], CEO<br />[[Soren Johnson]], Designer/Programmer<br />|
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
num_employees = several dozen |
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]]
revenue = |
| founded = {{Start date and age|1996|05|01}} in [[Hunt Valley, Maryland]], US
industry = [[Computer and video game industry|Video games]] |
| founders = {{Unbulleted list|[[Sid Meier]]|[[Jeff Briggs]]|[[Brian Reynolds (game designer)|Brian Reynolds]]}}
products = ''[[Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri]]''<br />''[[Sid Meier's Gettysburg!]]'' <br />''[[Civilization III|Sid Meier's Civilization III]]''<br />''[[Sid Meier's SimGolf]]'' <br />''[[Sid Meier's Pirates!]]'' <br />([[#Games|See complete products listing.]]) |
| hq_location_city = [[Sparks, Maryland]]
homepage = [http://www.firaxis.com/ Firaxis.com]
| hq_location_country = US
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Heather Hazen {{nowrap|(studio head)}}|Sid Meier {{nowrap|(creative development director)}}}}
| products = See [[List of games by Firaxis Games]]
| num_employees = {{Increase}} 180
| num_employees_year = 2015
| parent = [[2K (company)|2K]] (2005–present)
| website = {{URL|https://firaxis.com/|firaxis.com}}
}}
}}
'''Firaxis Games''' is a [[computer game]] [[video game developer|developer]]. It was founded in [[1996]] by [[Sid Meier]] and [[Jeff Briggs]] upon leaving [[Microprose]]. The company focuses on [[strategy game]]s and is based in [[Hunt Valley, Maryland]] in the [[United States]].


'''Firaxis Games, Inc.''' is an American [[video game developer]] based in [[Sparks, Maryland]]. The company was founded in May 1996 by [[Sid Meier]], [[Jeff Briggs]], and [[Brian Reynolds (game designer)|Brian Reynolds]] following their departure from [[MicroProse]], Meier's earlier venture. They were acquired by [[Take-Two Interactive]] in August 2005, and subsequently became part of the publisher's [[2K (company)|2K]] label. Firaxis Games is best known for developing the ''[[Civilization (series)|Civilization]]'' and ''[[XCOM]]'' series, as well as many other games bearing Meier's name.
Firaxis has produced several games, including ''[[Gettysburg (computer game)|Gettysburg]]'' and ''[[Antietam (computer game)|Antietam]]'', based on their namesake famous [[American Civil War]] [[battle]]s. ''[[Sid Meier's SimGolf|Sid Meier's SimGolf]]'' was a co-production with [[Will Wright]] of ''[[SimCity]]'' and ''[[The Sims]]'' fame. ''[[Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri|Alpha Centauri]]'' is a [[space colonization]] game taking place in the [[Alpha Centauri]] star system. Perhaps their most popular release has been ''[[Civilization 3|Civilization III]]'', a sequel to Meier's ''[[Civilization computer game|Civilization]]'' series.


== History ==
In November 2004, Firaxis released ''[[Sid Meier's Pirates!]]'', an update of Meier's classic [[1987]] computer game of the same name. An [[Xbox]] version of the game was released in July, [[2005]].
[[File:Firaxis Games headquarters.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Executive Plaza III at 11350 McCormick Road, [[Hunt Valley, Maryland]], home to Firaxis Games' former headquarters]]
Firaxis Software was founded on May 1, 1996,<ref name="Maryland Business Express" /> by [[Sid Meier]], [[Brian Reynolds (game designer)|Brian Reynolds]] and [[Jeff Briggs]], three [[video game designer]]s formerly employed by [[MicroProse]], a video game venture founded by Meier and partner [[Bill Stealey]] in 1982.<ref name="The Business Journals 1" /> The name "Firaxis", a [[portmanteau]] of "fiery" and "axis", was derived from the name of a piece of music created by Briggs.<ref name="GameSpy" /> Briggs explained that they decided to stay in the [[Baltimore metropolitan area|Baltimore area]], rather than moving to [[Silicon Valley]], because it was "just a great place to be".<ref name="The Business Journals 3" />


Unlike MicroProse, Firaxis Software aimed at being a "design house", leaving manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of their games to outside contractors.<ref name="The Business Journals 1" /><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Games Are Going to Take Over the World |magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]] |issue=31 |publisher=[[Imagine Media]] |date=July 1997 |page=12}}</ref> As such, the company talked to six potential [[video game publisher]]s for their games,<ref name="The Baltimore Sun 1" /> and finally signed an agreement with [[Electronic Arts]], through which their games would be distributed under Electronic Arts' [[Origin Systems]] label.<ref name="The Business Journals 1" /><ref name="Forbes" />
''[[Civilization IV]]'' started production in late [[2003]] and was released on [[October 24]] [[2005]] in the United States, and was released on [[November 4]] [[2005]] in [[Europe]].


The studio's opening was announced on June 24, 1996.<ref name="The Business Journals 2" /> Firaxis Software was originally located in a 2,500-square-foot office on Gilroy Road in [[Hunt Valley, Maryland]], temporarily sharing office space.<ref name="The Business Journals 1" /><ref name="The Business Journals 2" /> To accommodate their growth, in February 1997, they announced that they were moving their corporate headquarters to a 7,200-square-foot office suite in Executive Plaza III, an office building at 11350 McCormick Road and part of the Hunt Valley Business Community.<ref name="The Business Journals 2" /> The deal, assisted by broker William W. Whitty Jr. of MacKenzie/O'Conor, Piper & Flynn Commercial Real Estate Services, was expected to be completed by March that year.<ref name="The Business Journals 2" /> The company had 13 employees at the time.<ref name="The Business Journals 2" />
On [[November 7]] [[2005]], [[Take-Two Interactive]] announced that it was acquiring Firaxis. The terms of the agreement were not disclosed.


Firaxis Software announced their first title, ''[[Sid Meier's Gettysburg!]]'', in June 1997.<ref name="The Baltimore Sun 1" /> Interimly, on July 24, 1997, the company was legally renamed Firaxis Games.<ref name="Maryland Business Express" /><ref name="The Business Journals 5" /> Electronic Arts announced to have acquired a [[minority interest]] in Firaxis Games, to undisclosed terms, in August 1997.<ref name="The New York Times" /> By September 1997, Firaxis Games signed [[life insurance]]s for its three founders.<ref name="The Business Journals 4" /> ''Gettysburg!'' was released in October 1997 to critical and commercial success, scoring near-perfect reviews from critics,<ref name="GameSpot 1" /> and selling 200,000 copies by August 1999.<ref name="IGN 1" /> Starting with ''Gettysburg!'', Firaxis Games prefixed all games designed by Meier with "''Sid Meier's''", a trend the three founders carried over from MicroProse, as they believed that Meier's name added more recognizability to their games.<ref name="Rolling Stone" /> For his works on many MicroProse games, as well as ''Gettysburg!'' and Firaxis Games' second title, ''[[Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri]]'', Meier became the second-ever person in the [[Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences]]'s Hall of Fame, following [[Shigeru Miyamoto]].<ref name="The Business Journals 6" /> Co-founder Reynolds left Firaxis Games to pursue his personal interests in February 2000.<ref name="GameSpot 2" /> To compensate his departure, the company started hiring various industry veterans by March 2000.<ref name="IGN 2" /> For his executive engagement at Firaxis Games, co-founder and [[chief executive officer]] Briggs was named "CEO of the Year" by ''Smart CEO Magazine'' in October 2004.<ref name="GameSpot 3" /> Briggs later left the company in November 2006, and was succeeded by Steve Martin.<ref name="TimesDaily" /> Also for his executive work at Firaxis Games, Martin was awarded the "Maryland International Business Leadership Award" by the [[World Trade Center Institute]] in March 2011.<ref name="IGN 3" />
==Games==
In addition to games they developed on their own, Firaxis also co-developed at least one title with [[Electronic Arts]]' [[Will Wright]], ''[[SimGolf]]''. Most of Firaxis' titles are prefixed with Meier's name, due to the enormous influence of his name in the gaming industry. But most of the games are known among players without the prefix.
*''[[Sid Meier's Gettysburg!]]'' ([[1997]])
**''[[Sid Meier's Antietam!]]'' ([[1998]])
* ''[[Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri]]'' ([[1999]])
**''[[Sid Meier's Alien Crossfire]]'' ([[1999]])
*''[[Civilization III|Sid Meier's Civilization III]]'' ([[2001]])
**''[[Civilization_III#Civilization_III:_Play_the_World|Sid Meier's Civilization III: Play the World]]'' ([[2002]])
**''[[Civilization_III#Civilization_III:_Conquests|Sid Meier's Civilization III: Conquests]]'' ([[2003]])
*''[[Sid Meier's SimGolf|Sid Meier's SimGolf]]'' ([[2002]])
*''[[Sid Meier's Pirates!]]'' ([[2004]])
*''[[Civilization IV|Sid Meier's Civilization IV]]'' ([[2005]])


In November 2004, [[Infogrames]], at the time owner of the ''Civilization'' franchise and parent to the series' publisher, sold all [[intellectual property]] (IP) to an undisclosed buyer for {{US$|22.3&nbsp;million|link=yes}}.<ref name="Eurogamer 1" /><ref name="GameSpot 4" /> The buyer was announced to be [[Take-Two Interactive]] on January 26, 2005.<ref name="Gamasutra 1" /> The publisher announced that the franchise would be managed by their [[2K (company)|2K]] label, which was founded the day before, and that Firaxis Games would stay in charge of the series' development.<ref name="GameSpot 5" /> In March 2005, NDL announced a partnership with Firaxis Games, wherein their [[Gamebryo]] engine would be used for the development of ''[[Civilization IV]]'', which was to be released later that year.<ref name="GamesIndustry.biz" /> On November 7, 2005, Take-Two Interactive announced that they had acquired Firaxis Games.<ref name="IGN 4" /> Through the deal, Firaxis Games became part of 2K, although its present management and development plans would stay intact.<ref name="Gamasutra 2" /> Meier and Briggs both expressed that the acquisition saw a great opportunity for Firaxis Games in terms of creative development and marketing capabilities, and were fortunate to have re-gained full control over the ''Civilization'' franchise.<ref name="GameSpot 6" /><ref name="Eurogamer 2" /> In April 2007, [[Soren Johnson]], lead designer on ''Civilization IV'', left the company to move to [[Maxis]] and work on ''[[Spore (2008 video game)|Spore]]''.<ref name="Engadget 1" /> Similarly, ''[[Civilization V]]''{{'s}} lead designer [[Jon Shafer]] departed following the game's release, in December 2010.<ref name="Eurogamer 3" />
==External links==
* [http://www.firaxis.com/ Official Firaxis site]
* [http://www.mobygames.com/browse/games/o,100/j,4/ MobyGames' entry on Firaxis Games]


In August 2014, Firaxis Games announced Firaxicon, a convention dedicated to Firaxis games.<ref name="GameSpot 7" /><ref name="IGN 5" /> The event was held from September 27 to 28, 2014, at a hotel in Hunt Valley, and included [[meet and greet]]s with the company's staff, a presentation titled "An Evening with Sid Meier", and early [[playtest]]s of ''[[Civilization: Beyond Earth]]''.<ref name="VG247" /><ref name="Engadget 2" /> A tour of Firaxis Games' offices was also held at the event.<ref name="Eurogamer 4" /> The event was renewed for a second edition in July 2015, and held on October 3, 2015, at the [[Baltimore Convention Center]].<ref name="PC Gamer" /><ref name="PCGamesN" /> Events were similar to that of the 2014 event, with ''[[XCOM 2]]'' and ''[[Civilization: Beyond Earth – Rising Tide]]'' up for early testing.<ref name="IGN 6" /><ref name="Shacknews" />
[[Category:Computer and video game companies]]


By December 2015, Firaxis Games expanded their Sparks headquarters, which they moved to in 2009, to {{convert|40,000|sqft|m2}}, and employed 40 new staff, totaling to 180 employees present at the company.<ref name="The Baltimore Sun 2" /> In June 2016, at the [[Games for Change]] festival, Firaxis Games announced that they had partnered with GlassLab to develop ''CivilizationEDU'', an educational derivative of ''Civilization V'' optimized for classrooms.<ref name="Gamasutra 3" /> On July 23, 2018, David Ismailer of 2K confirmed that Firaxis Games was working on a new IP.<ref name="PCGamesN 2" />
[[de:Firaxis Games]]

[[es:Firaxis Games]]
On February 17, 2023, it was announced that [[Marvel's Midnight Suns|Midnight Suns]] creative director Jake Solomon and longtime Firaxis boss Steve Martin were exiting the company. COO Heather Hazen was promoted to replace Martin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-17 |title=A New Era Begins at Firaxis Games |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230217005038/en/A-New-Era-Begins-at-Firaxis-Games |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en}}</ref> On May 30, 30 employees were laid off from Firaxis as part of cost-saving measures implemented by parent company Take-Two Interactive.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Totilo |first=Stephen |date=May 31, 2023 |title=Firaxis is latest video game studio hit by layoffs |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/05/31/firaxis-layoffs |access-date=March 3, 2024 |website=Axios}}</ref>
[[fr:Firaxis Games]]

[[nl:Firaxis Games]]
== Games developed ==
[[pt:Firaxis Games]]
[[sv:Firaxis Games]]
{{Main|List of games by Firaxis Games}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/an-interview-with-brian-reynolds/1100-2564268/ |title=An Interview with Brian Reynolds |author=Gamespot Staff |date=December 15, 2004 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-07-06-the-grand-strategies-of-firaxis |title=The grand strategies of Firaxis |first=Christian |last=Donlan |date=July 6, 2014 |website=[[Eurogamer]]}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="GameSpy">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespy.com/articles/697/697083p2.html |title=GameSpy Retro: Developer Origins, Page 2 of 19 |first=John |last=Keefer |date=March 31, 2006 |website=[[GameSpy]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609133045/http://www.gamespy.com/articles/697/697083p2.html |archive-date=June 9, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Maryland Business Express">{{cite web |url=https://egov.maryland.gov/BusinessExpress/EntitySearch/BusinessInformation/D04399861 |title=FIRAXIS GAMES, INC.: D04399861 |website=Maryland Business Express |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510200055/https://egov.maryland.gov/BusinessExpress/EntitySearch/BusinessInformation/D04399861 |archive-date=May 10, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="The Business Journals 1">{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html |title=Designer starts new game firm |first=Craig S. |last=Ey |date=June 24, 1996 |website=[[The Business Journals]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030415211610/http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html |archive-date=April 15, 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="The Business Journals 2">{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html |title=Game maker opening new HQ in Hunt Valley |first=Craig S. |last=Ey |date=February 17, 1997 |website=[[The Business Journals]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031128154743/http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html |archive-date=November 28, 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="The Baltimore Sun 1">{{cite web |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1997/06/23/a-young-business-with-a-game-plan-firaxis-the-year-old-company-just-unveiled-its-first-product-and-expects-in-a-year-have-two-successful-products-on-the-market-and-be-working-on-the-next-two/ |title=A young business with a game plan Firaxis: The year-old company just unveiled its first product and expects in a year 'have two successful products on the market and be working on the next two.' |first=Timothy J. |last=Mullaney |date=June 23, 1997 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |access-date=February 11, 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="The Business Journals 3">{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/04/28/editorial2.html |title=In Hunt Valley, games are a serious business |date=April 28, 1997 |website=[[The Business Journals]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708004851/http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/04/28/editorial2.html |archive-date=July 8, 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/1997/07/25/sid.html |title=Sid starts up. Again |first=Michael |last=Noer |date=July 25, 1997 |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025014949/http://www.forbes.com/1997/07/25/sid.html |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="The New York Times">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/22/business/company-briefs-974625.html |title=COMPANY BRIEFS |date=August 22, 1996 |website=The New York Times |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212142119/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/22/business/company-briefs-974625.html |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="The Business Journals 4">{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/09/01/focus1.html |title=A price on their heads |first=Charles R. |last=Wolpoff |date=September 1, 1997 |website=[[The Business Journals]] |access-date=February 11, 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="The Business Journals 5">{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/09/01/story3.html |title=Valley of the games |first=Craig S. |last=Ey |date=September 1, 1997 |website=[[The Business Journals]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040701155057/http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/09/01/story3.html |archive-date=July 1, 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GameSpot 1">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/sid-meiers-gettysburg-review/1900-2533084/ |title=Sid Meier's Gettysburg! Review |first=Michael |last=E. |date=October 30, 1997 |website=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006123801/http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/sidmeiersgettysburg/review.html |archive-date=October 6, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGN 1">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/1999/08/31/whats-up-with-sid-meiers-antietam |title=What's Up With Sid Meier's Antietam? |first=Colin |last=Campbell |date=August 30, 1999 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162356/http://www.ign.com/articles/1999/08/31/whats-up-with-sid-meiers-antietam |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Rolling Stone">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/glixel/interviews/civilization-creator-sid-meier-i-didnt-really-expect-to-be-a-game-designer-w480988 |title='Civilization' Creator Sid Meier: "I Didn't Expect to be a Game Designer" |first=Chris |last=Suellentrop |date=May 8, 2017 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209073856/http://www.rollingstone.com/glixel/interviews/civilization-creator-sid-meier-i-didnt-really-expect-to-be-a-game-designer-w480988 |archive-date=December 9, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="The Business Journals 6">{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1999/04/05/newscolumn3.html |title=Sid Meier enters games Hall of Fame |first=William |last=Glanz |date=April 5, 1999 |website=[[The Business Journals]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021213090406/http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1999/04/05/newscolumn3.html |archive-date=December 13, 2002 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GameSpot 2">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/brian-reynolds-leaves-firaxis/1100-2446473/ |title=Brian Reynolds Leaves Firaxis |first=Amer |last=Ajami |date=February 7, 2000 |website=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005115/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/brian-reynolds-leaves-firaxis/1100-2446473/ |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGN 2">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/03/24/firaxis-growing-strong-again-with-promotions-and-new-hires |title=Firaxis Growing Strong Again With Promotions And New Hires |author=IGN Staff |date=March 23, 2000 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005528/http://www.ign.com/articles/2000/03/24/firaxis-growing-strong-again-with-promotions-and-new-hires |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GameSpot 3">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/firaxis-jeffery-briggs-named-ceo-of-the-year/1100-6110249/ |title=Firaxis' Jeffery Briggs named CEO of the Year |author=Gamespot Staff |date=October 11, 2004 |website=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223102732/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/firaxis-jeffery-briggs-named-ceo-of-the-year/1100-6110249/ |archive-date=December 23, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGN 3">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2011/03/17/firaxis-games-president-steve-martin-receives-business-leadership-award |title=Firaxis Games' President, Steve Martin, Receives Business Leadership Award |author=IGN Staff |date=March 17, 2011 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005345/http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/03/17/firaxis-games-president-steve-martin-receives-business-leadership-award |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Eurogamer 1">{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news251104civilizationselloff |title=Infogrames sells Civilisation franchise for $22.3m |author=GamesIndustry International |date=November 25, 2004 |website=[[Eurogamer]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083308/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news251104civilizationselloff |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GameSpot 4">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/civilization-sold-off-to-mystery-buyer/1100-6113971/ |title=Civilization sold off to mystery buyer |first=Curt |last=Feldman |date=November 24, 2004 |website=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083216/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/civilization-sold-off-to-mystery-buyer/1100-6113971/ |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Gamasutra 1">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/95823/TakeTwo_Partners_With_Firaxis_As_Civilization_Goes_Forth.php |title=Take-Two Partners With Firaxis As ''Civilization'' Goes Forth |first=David |last=Jenkins |date=January 26, 2005 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005133/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/95823/TakeTwo_Partners_With_Firaxis_As_Civilization_Goes_Forth.php |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GameSpot 5">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/take-two-takes-over-civilization/1100-6117117/ |title=Take-Two takes over Civilization |first1=Beth |last1=Winegarner |first2=Tor |last2=Thorsen |date=January 26, 2005 |website=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005132/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/take-two-takes-over-civilization/1100-6117117/ |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GamesIndustry.biz">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/ndl-and-firaxis-games-expand-relationship |title=NDL and Firaxis Games Expand Relationship |author=GamesIndustry International |date=March 10, 2005 |website=[[GamesIndustry.biz]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083213/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/ndl-and-firaxis-games-expand-relationship |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGN 4">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/11/07/take-two-buys-firaxis |title=Take-Two Buys Firaxis |first=David |last=Adams |date=November 7, 2005 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005332/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/11/07/take-two-buys-firaxis |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Gamasutra 2">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/98052/TakeTwo_Acquires_Firaxis_Games.php |title=Take-Two Acquires Firaxis Games |first=Simon |last=Carless |date=November 7, 2005 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005135/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/98052/TakeTwo_Acquires_Firaxis_Games.php |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GameSpot 6">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/take-two-takes-in-firaxis/1100-6139318/ |title=Take-Two takes in Firaxis |first=Tor |last=Thorsen |date=November 7, 2005 |website=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922002713/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/take-two-takes-in-firaxis/1100-6139318/ |archive-date=September 22, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Eurogamer 2">{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news081105firaxis |title=Firaxis acquired by Take-Two |author=GamesIndustry International |date=November 8, 2005 |website=[[Eurogamer]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083402/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news081105firaxis |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Engadget 1">{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2007/04/18/from-firaxis-to-maxis-civ-iv-designer-leaves-to-work-on-spore/ |title=From Firaxis to Maxis: Civ IV designer leaves to work on Spore |first=Ross |last=Miller |date=April 18, 2007 |website=[[Engadget]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201435/https://www.engadget.com/2007/04/18/from-firaxis-to-maxis-civ-iv-designer-leaves-to-work-on-spore/ |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Eurogamer 3">{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2010-12-22-civilization-v-leader-leaves-firaxis |title=Civilization V leader leaves Firaxis |first=Robert |last=Purchese |date=December 22, 2010 |website=[[Eurogamer]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083337/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2010-12-22-civilization-v-leader-leaves-firaxis |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GameSpot 7">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/civilization-dev-opening-its-doors-for-first-ever-/1100-6421866/ |title=Civilization Dev Opening Its Doors for First-Ever Firaxicon, Tickets On Sale Now |first=Eddie |last=Makuch |date=August 22, 2014 |website=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083142/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/civilization-dev-opening-its-doors-for-first-ever-/1100-6421866/ |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGN 5">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2014/08/21/firaxis-games-announces-first-ever-firaxicon |title=Firaxis Games Announces First Ever Firaxicon |first=Mike |last=Mahardy |date=August 21, 2014 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005450/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/08/21/firaxis-games-announces-first-ever-firaxicon |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="VG247">{{cite web |url=https://www.vg247.com/2014/08/22/every-civilization-tragic-has-their-day-at-firaxicon/ |title=Every Civilization tragic has their day at Firaxicon |first=Brenna |last=Hillier |date=August 22, 2014 |website=[[VG247]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212011544/https://www.vg247.com/2014/08/22/every-civilization-tragic-has-their-day-at-firaxicon/ |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Engadget 2">{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/08/25/civilization-dev-launches-firaxicon-fan-conference/ |title=Civilization dev launches Firaxicon fan conference |first=Earnest |last=Cavalli |date=August 25, 2014 |website=[[Engadget]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201455/https://www.engadget.com/2014/08/25/civilization-dev-launches-firaxicon-fan-conference/ |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Eurogamer 4">{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-10-05-firaxis-opens-its-doors-at-the-first-firaxicon |title=Firaxis opens its doors at the first Firaxicon |first=Paul |last=Dean |date=October 5, 2014 |website=[[Eurogamer]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083433/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-10-05-firaxis-opens-its-doors-at-the-first-firaxicon |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="PC Gamer">{{cite web |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/second-annual-firaxicon-is-happening-in-october/ |title=Second annual Firaxicon is happening in October |first=Andy |last=Chalk |date=July 29, 2015 |website=[[PC Gamer]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083502/http://www.pcgamer.com/second-annual-firaxicon-is-happening-in-october/ |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="PCGamesN">{{cite web |url=https://www.pcgamesn.com/firaxis-second-annual-firaxicon-kicks-off-in-october |title=Firaxis' second annual Firaxicon kicks off in October |first=Fraser |last=Brown |date=July 29, 2015 |website=[[PCGamesN]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083219/https://www.pcgamesn.com/firaxis-second-annual-firaxicon-kicks-off-in-october |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGN 6">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/07/29/firaxis-games-confirms-second-annual-firaxicon |title=Firaxis Games Confirms Second Annual Firaxicon |first=Luke |last=Reilly |date=July 29, 2015 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005436/http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/07/29/firaxis-games-confirms-second-annual-firaxicon |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Shacknews">{{cite web |url=https://www.shacknews.com/article/90564/firaxicon-2015-comes-to-baltimore-in-october |title=Firaxicon 2015 comes to Baltimore in October |first=Ozzie |last=Mejia |date=July 29, 2015 |website=[[Shacknews]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083307/http://www.shacknews.com/article/90564/firaxicon-2015-comes-to-baltimore-in-october |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="The Baltimore Sun 2">{{cite web |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/business/bs-bz-firaxis-expansion-20151208-story.html |title=Firaxis Games growing slowly as its legacy competes with a changing industry |first=Scott |last=Dance |date=December 8, 2015 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306124222/http://www.baltimoresun.com/business/bs-bz-firaxis-expansion-20151208-story.html |archive-date=March 6, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Gamasutra 3">{{cite web |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/275717/Firaxis_partners_with_GlassLab_for_educational_version_of_Civilization_V.php |title=Firaxis partners with GlassLab for educational version of ''Civilization V'' |first=Bryant |last=Francis |date=June 23, 2016 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |access-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083143/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/275717/Firaxis_partners_with_GlassLab_for_educational_version_of_Civilization_V.php |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TimesDaily">{{cite web |url=https://www.timesdaily.com/life/developing-civilization/article_2c2eb11e-6d73-11e4-9c02-eb2d35af4abf.html |title=Developing Civilization |first=Bobby |last=Bozeman |date=November 16, 2014 |website=[[TimesDaily]] |access-date=May 10, 2018 |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217145045/http://www.timesdaily.com/life/developing-civilization/article_2c2eb11e-6d73-11e4-9c02-eb2d35af4abf.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="PCGamesN 2">{{cite web |url=https://www.pcgamesn.com/firaxis-new-game |title=A new game is in the works at Firaxis, and it's not Civ or XCOM |first=Dustin |last=Bailey |date=July 23, 2018 |website=[[PCGamesN]] |access-date=July 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093512/https://www.pcgamesn.com/firaxis-new-game |archive-date=July 31, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://firaxis.com/}}

{{Firaxis}}
{{Take-Two Interactive}}
{{X-COM}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1996 establishments in Maryland]]
[[Category:2005 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:2K (company)]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1996]]
[[Category:Companies based in Baltimore County, Maryland]]
[[Category:Take-Two Interactive divisions and subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Video game companies based in Maryland]]
[[Category:Video game companies established in 1996]]
[[Category:Video game development companies]]

Latest revision as of 18:05, 26 December 2024

Firaxis Games, Inc.
FormerlyFiraxis Software, Inc. (1996–1997)
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryVideo games
FoundedMay 1, 1996; 28 years ago (1996-05-01) in Hunt Valley, Maryland, US
Founders
Headquarters
Sparks, Maryland
,
US
Key people
  • Heather Hazen (studio head)
  • Sid Meier (creative development director)
ProductsSee List of games by Firaxis Games
Number of employees
Increase 180 (2015)
Parent2K (2005–present)
Websitefiraxis.com

Firaxis Games, Inc. is an American video game developer based in Sparks, Maryland. The company was founded in May 1996 by Sid Meier, Jeff Briggs, and Brian Reynolds following their departure from MicroProse, Meier's earlier venture. They were acquired by Take-Two Interactive in August 2005, and subsequently became part of the publisher's 2K label. Firaxis Games is best known for developing the Civilization and XCOM series, as well as many other games bearing Meier's name.

History

[edit]
Executive Plaza III at 11350 McCormick Road, Hunt Valley, Maryland, home to Firaxis Games' former headquarters

Firaxis Software was founded on May 1, 1996,[2] by Sid Meier, Brian Reynolds and Jeff Briggs, three video game designers formerly employed by MicroProse, a video game venture founded by Meier and partner Bill Stealey in 1982.[3] The name "Firaxis", a portmanteau of "fiery" and "axis", was derived from the name of a piece of music created by Briggs.[1] Briggs explained that they decided to stay in the Baltimore area, rather than moving to Silicon Valley, because it was "just a great place to be".[4]

Unlike MicroProse, Firaxis Software aimed at being a "design house", leaving manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of their games to outside contractors.[3][5] As such, the company talked to six potential video game publishers for their games,[6] and finally signed an agreement with Electronic Arts, through which their games would be distributed under Electronic Arts' Origin Systems label.[3][7]

The studio's opening was announced on June 24, 1996.[8] Firaxis Software was originally located in a 2,500-square-foot office on Gilroy Road in Hunt Valley, Maryland, temporarily sharing office space.[3][8] To accommodate their growth, in February 1997, they announced that they were moving their corporate headquarters to a 7,200-square-foot office suite in Executive Plaza III, an office building at 11350 McCormick Road and part of the Hunt Valley Business Community.[8] The deal, assisted by broker William W. Whitty Jr. of MacKenzie/O'Conor, Piper & Flynn Commercial Real Estate Services, was expected to be completed by March that year.[8] The company had 13 employees at the time.[8]

Firaxis Software announced their first title, Sid Meier's Gettysburg!, in June 1997.[6] Interimly, on July 24, 1997, the company was legally renamed Firaxis Games.[2][9] Electronic Arts announced to have acquired a minority interest in Firaxis Games, to undisclosed terms, in August 1997.[10] By September 1997, Firaxis Games signed life insurances for its three founders.[11] Gettysburg! was released in October 1997 to critical and commercial success, scoring near-perfect reviews from critics,[12] and selling 200,000 copies by August 1999.[13] Starting with Gettysburg!, Firaxis Games prefixed all games designed by Meier with "Sid Meier's", a trend the three founders carried over from MicroProse, as they believed that Meier's name added more recognizability to their games.[14] For his works on many MicroProse games, as well as Gettysburg! and Firaxis Games' second title, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, Meier became the second-ever person in the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences's Hall of Fame, following Shigeru Miyamoto.[15] Co-founder Reynolds left Firaxis Games to pursue his personal interests in February 2000.[16] To compensate his departure, the company started hiring various industry veterans by March 2000.[17] For his executive engagement at Firaxis Games, co-founder and chief executive officer Briggs was named "CEO of the Year" by Smart CEO Magazine in October 2004.[18] Briggs later left the company in November 2006, and was succeeded by Steve Martin.[19] Also for his executive work at Firaxis Games, Martin was awarded the "Maryland International Business Leadership Award" by the World Trade Center Institute in March 2011.[20]

In November 2004, Infogrames, at the time owner of the Civilization franchise and parent to the series' publisher, sold all intellectual property (IP) to an undisclosed buyer for US$22.3 million.[21][22] The buyer was announced to be Take-Two Interactive on January 26, 2005.[23] The publisher announced that the franchise would be managed by their 2K label, which was founded the day before, and that Firaxis Games would stay in charge of the series' development.[24] In March 2005, NDL announced a partnership with Firaxis Games, wherein their Gamebryo engine would be used for the development of Civilization IV, which was to be released later that year.[25] On November 7, 2005, Take-Two Interactive announced that they had acquired Firaxis Games.[26] Through the deal, Firaxis Games became part of 2K, although its present management and development plans would stay intact.[27] Meier and Briggs both expressed that the acquisition saw a great opportunity for Firaxis Games in terms of creative development and marketing capabilities, and were fortunate to have re-gained full control over the Civilization franchise.[28][29] In April 2007, Soren Johnson, lead designer on Civilization IV, left the company to move to Maxis and work on Spore.[30] Similarly, Civilization V's lead designer Jon Shafer departed following the game's release, in December 2010.[31]

In August 2014, Firaxis Games announced Firaxicon, a convention dedicated to Firaxis games.[32][33] The event was held from September 27 to 28, 2014, at a hotel in Hunt Valley, and included meet and greets with the company's staff, a presentation titled "An Evening with Sid Meier", and early playtests of Civilization: Beyond Earth.[34][35] A tour of Firaxis Games' offices was also held at the event.[36] The event was renewed for a second edition in July 2015, and held on October 3, 2015, at the Baltimore Convention Center.[37][38] Events were similar to that of the 2014 event, with XCOM 2 and Civilization: Beyond Earth – Rising Tide up for early testing.[39][40]

By December 2015, Firaxis Games expanded their Sparks headquarters, which they moved to in 2009, to 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2), and employed 40 new staff, totaling to 180 employees present at the company.[41] In June 2016, at the Games for Change festival, Firaxis Games announced that they had partnered with GlassLab to develop CivilizationEDU, an educational derivative of Civilization V optimized for classrooms.[42] On July 23, 2018, David Ismailer of 2K confirmed that Firaxis Games was working on a new IP.[43]

On February 17, 2023, it was announced that Midnight Suns creative director Jake Solomon and longtime Firaxis boss Steve Martin were exiting the company. COO Heather Hazen was promoted to replace Martin.[44] On May 30, 30 employees were laid off from Firaxis as part of cost-saving measures implemented by parent company Take-Two Interactive.[45]

Games developed

[edit]
Main article: List of games by Firaxis Games

Further reading

[edit]
  • Gamespot Staff (December 15, 2004). "An Interview with Brian Reynolds". GameSpot.
  • Donlan, Christian (July 6, 2014). "The grand strategies of Firaxis". Eurogamer.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Keefer, John (March 31, 2006). "GameSpy Retro: Developer Origins, Page 2 of 19". GameSpy. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007.
  2. ^ a b "FIRAXIS GAMES, INC.: D04399861". Maryland Business Express. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d Ey, Craig S. (June 24, 1996). "Designer starts new game firm". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on April 15, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  4. ^ "In Hunt Valley, games are a serious business". The Business Journals. April 28, 1997. Archived from the original on July 8, 2004. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  5. ^ "Games Are Going to Take Over the World". Next Generation. No. 31. Imagine Media. July 1997. p. 12.
  6. ^ a b Mullaney, Timothy J. (June 23, 1997). "A young business with a game plan Firaxis: The year-old company just unveiled its first product and expects in a year 'have two successful products on the market and be working on the next two.'". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  7. ^ Noer, Michael (July 25, 1997). "Sid starts up. Again". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d e Ey, Craig S. (February 17, 1997). "Game maker opening new HQ in Hunt Valley". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on November 28, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  9. ^ Ey, Craig S. (September 1, 1997). "Valley of the games". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on July 1, 2004. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  10. ^ "COMPANY BRIEFS". The New York Times. August 22, 1996. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  11. ^ Wolpoff, Charles R. (September 1, 1997). "A price on their heads". The Business Journals. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  12. ^ E., Michael (October 30, 1997). "Sid Meier's Gettysburg! Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 6, 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  13. ^ Campbell, Colin (August 30, 1999). "What's Up With Sid Meier's Antietam?". IGN. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  14. ^ Suellentrop, Chris (May 8, 2017). "'Civilization' Creator Sid Meier: "I Didn't Expect to be a Game Designer"". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 9, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  15. ^ Glanz, William (April 5, 1999). "Sid Meier enters games Hall of Fame". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on December 13, 2002. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  16. ^ Ajami, Amer (February 7, 2000). "Brian Reynolds Leaves Firaxis". GameSpot. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  17. ^ IGN Staff (March 23, 2000). "Firaxis Growing Strong Again With Promotions And New Hires". IGN. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  18. ^ Gamespot Staff (October 11, 2004). "Firaxis' Jeffery Briggs named CEO of the Year". GameSpot. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  19. ^ Bozeman, Bobby (November 16, 2014). "Developing Civilization". TimesDaily. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
  20. ^ IGN Staff (March 17, 2011). "Firaxis Games' President, Steve Martin, Receives Business Leadership Award". IGN. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  21. ^ GamesIndustry International (November 25, 2004). "Infogrames sells Civilisation franchise for $22.3m". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  22. ^ Feldman, Curt (November 24, 2004). "Civilization sold off to mystery buyer". GameSpot. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  23. ^ Jenkins, David (January 26, 2005). "Take-Two Partners With Firaxis As Civilization Goes Forth". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  24. ^ Winegarner, Beth; Thorsen, Tor (January 26, 2005). "Take-Two takes over Civilization". GameSpot. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  25. ^ GamesIndustry International (March 10, 2005). "NDL and Firaxis Games Expand Relationship". GamesIndustry.biz. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  26. ^ Adams, David (November 7, 2005). "Take-Two Buys Firaxis". IGN. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  27. ^ Carless, Simon (November 7, 2005). "Take-Two Acquires Firaxis Games". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  28. ^ Thorsen, Tor (November 7, 2005). "Take-Two takes in Firaxis". GameSpot. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  29. ^ GamesIndustry International (November 8, 2005). "Firaxis acquired by Take-Two". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  30. ^ Miller, Ross (April 18, 2007). "From Firaxis to Maxis: Civ IV designer leaves to work on Spore". Engadget. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  31. ^ Purchese, Robert (December 22, 2010). "Civilization V leader leaves Firaxis". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  32. ^ Makuch, Eddie (August 22, 2014). "Civilization Dev Opening Its Doors for First-Ever Firaxicon, Tickets On Sale Now". GameSpot. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  33. ^ Mahardy, Mike (August 21, 2014). "Firaxis Games Announces First Ever Firaxicon". IGN. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  34. ^ Hillier, Brenna (August 22, 2014). "Every Civilization tragic has their day at Firaxicon". VG247. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  35. ^ Cavalli, Earnest (August 25, 2014). "Civilization dev launches Firaxicon fan conference". Engadget. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  36. ^ Dean, Paul (October 5, 2014). "Firaxis opens its doors at the first Firaxicon". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  37. ^ Chalk, Andy (July 29, 2015). "Second annual Firaxicon is happening in October". PC Gamer. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  38. ^ Brown, Fraser (July 29, 2015). "Firaxis' second annual Firaxicon kicks off in October". PCGamesN. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  39. ^ Reilly, Luke (July 29, 2015). "Firaxis Games Confirms Second Annual Firaxicon". IGN. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  40. ^ Mejia, Ozzie (July 29, 2015). "Firaxicon 2015 comes to Baltimore in October". Shacknews. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  41. ^ Dance, Scott (December 8, 2015). "Firaxis Games growing slowly as its legacy competes with a changing industry". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on March 6, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  42. ^ Francis, Bryant (June 23, 2016). "Firaxis partners with GlassLab for educational version of Civilization V". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  43. ^ Bailey, Dustin (July 23, 2018). "A new game is in the works at Firaxis, and it's not Civ or XCOM". PCGamesN. Archived from the original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  44. ^ "A New Era Begins at Firaxis Games". www.businesswire.com. February 17, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
  45. ^ Totilo, Stephen (May 31, 2023). "Firaxis is latest video game studio hit by layoffs". Axios. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
[edit]
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