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Savant syndrome

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+#REDIRECT [[Savant syndrome]]
-An '''autistic savant''' (historically described as '''idiot savant''') is a person with extraordinary [[mental]] abilities, often in numerical calculation, but sometimes in [[art]] or [[music]]. These skills are often associated with [[autism]] or [[mental retardation]].
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-==Abilities==
+  {{R to subtopic}}
+  {{R with possibilities}}
-A person with an extraordinary single mental skill but an otherwise unexceptional intellect, may be described simply as a ''[[savant]],'' without qualifier, although ''savant'' is also frequently used figuratively to mean a person of learning, especially one of great knowledge in a particular subject, without regard to the person's overall intellect.
+  {{printworthy}}
+}}
-True savantism is a rare phenomenon which occurs in some [[autism|autistic]] people and some people with certain developmental disorders. Some people have acquired savant-like abilities after suffering from head injuries. Autistic savantism is usually recognized during childhood and is often but not always found in [[autism|autistic]] children.  However it is also sometimes acquired in an [[accident]] or [[illness]], typically one that impairs the left side of the brain. There is some research that suggests that it can be induced, which might support the view that unusual savant abilities are innate within all people but obscured by the normal functioning intellect.
-Most autistic savants have very extensive mental abilities, called ''splinter skills''.  They can memorize facts, numbers, license plates, maps, and extensive lists of sports and weather statistics.  Some savants can mentally note and then recall back perfectly a very long series of music, numbers, or speech. Some, known as [[mental calculator]]s, can do lightning-fast [[arithmetic]] calculations, including finding [[integer factorization|prime factorization]]s.
-Other autistic savant skills include:
-* precisely estimating distances by sight
-* calculating the day of the week for any given date over the span of tens of thousands of years
-* perfect perception of passing time without a [[clock]]
-Why autistic savants are capable of this sort of astonishing ability is not quite clear. Some savants have obvious [[neurology|neurological]] abnormalities, but the [[brain]]s of most such individual savants are anatomically and physiologically normal; at least, there is no abnormality detectable by early [[21st century]] science.
-Examples of autistic savants include [[Blind Tom]], who had exceptional musical ability although no musical education, and [[Richard Wawro]], who is an exceptional autistic artist.
-==Famous autistic savants==
-* [[Tim Knab]], a Russian artist in the 1830s, known for his cubism and accurate measurement of angles
-* [[Blind Tom]], blind and mentally handicapped pianist in 1860s US
-* [[Jebediah Buxton]], US savant calculator
-* [[Alonzo Clemons]], US wax sculptor
-* [[Tony DeBlois]], US blind and autistic musician
-* [[Jonathan Lerman]], US autistic artist
-* [[Leslie Lemke]], US blind musician with brain damage
-* [[Vito Mangiamele]], Sicilian savant calculator
-* [[Thristan Mendoza]], Filipino autistic [[marimba]] prodigy
-* [[Gottfried Mind]], Swiss autistic artist in the 18th century (B. 1768)
-* [[Gerald Newport]], American autistic and subject of the film ''[[Mozart and the Whale]]''
-* [[Hikari Oe]], Japanese developmentally-delayed composer
-* [[Derek Paravicini]], US blind musician with learning disability
-* [[Kim Peek]], US savant with [[eidetic memory]] and model for ''[[Rain Man]]''
-* [[James Henry Pullen]], British deaf-mute "Genius of Earlswood Asylum"
-* [[Monty Pickren]], US autistic clock maker
-* [[Matt Savage]], US autistic jazz prodigy
-* [[Daniel Tammet]], UK [[Synaesthesia|synaesthetic]] high-functioning autistic savant
-* [[Gilles Trehin]], French autistic artist and creator of the fictitious city of [[Urville]]
-* [[Richard Wawro]], Scottish autistic artist
-* [[George Widener]], US autistic savant, artist with calculator and calendar skills
-* [[Stephen Wiltshire]], British autistic artist
-* [[Seth F. Henriett]], Hungarian autistic savant with multiple autoimmune disorders, [[poet]] and [[writer]]
-== In movies and literature ==
-* ''[[Rain Man]]'' starring [[Dustin Hoffman]]
-* ''Funes, the Memorious'': Short story by [[Jorge Luis Borges]]
-* ''[[Being There]]'' starring [[Peter Sellers]]
-* ''[[Mercury Rising]]'' starring [[Bruce Willis]] and [[Miko Hughes]]
-* ''[[Forrest Gump]]'', a novel by [[Winston Groom]]
-* ''[[Cube (film)|Cube]]'' starring [[Andrew Miller (actor)|Andrew Miller]]
-* ''[[The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time]]'', a novel by [[Mark Haddon]]
-* Norwegian [[Per Christian Ellefsen]]'s movie ''[[Elling]]'' about a man of the same name, based on the book of the same name, by author [[Ingvar Ambjørnsen]].
-* In the book and film ''[[K-PAX]]'' it is suggested that a character is an autistic savant who can see the night sky from anywhere in the universe.
-* [[Albino]] from ''[[Technopriests]]'' comics by [[Alejandro Jodorowsky]] and [[Zoran Janjetov]]
-* The [[Mentat]]s in ''[[Dune (novel)|Dune]]'' train their calculation skills to be on level with those of autistic savants.
-* ''[[An Anthropologist on Mars]]'' by [[neurologist]] [[Oliver Sacks]].
-* ''[[Mozart and the Whale]]'' starring Josh Hartnett and Radha Mitchell.
-*"[[Precogs]]" in ''[[Minority Report]]'' starring [[Tom Cruise]]
-*''[[Stroszek]]'' directed by [[Werner Herzog]]
-*''[[Denny Crane]]'' from [[Boston Law]]
-==See also==
-* [[Asperger's syndrome]]
-* [[Autism]]
-* [[List of fictional characters on the autistic spectrum]]
-* [[List of autistic people]]
-* [[People speculated to have been autistic]]
-==Further reading==
-* O'Connor N., Cowan R., & Samella K. (2000) Calendric Calculation and Intelligence. ''Intelligence'' '''28''', 31 ? 48.
-* Pearce J.C. (1992) ''Evolution's end'', HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco.
-* Snyder A.W. et al. (2003) Savant-like skills exposed in normal people by suppressing the left fronto-temporal lobe. ''J. Integrative Neuroscience'' '''2''', 149 ? 158.
-* Snyder A.W. (2001) Paradox of the savant mind. ''Nature'' '''413''', 251 ? 252.
-* Snyder A.W., & Michell D.J. (1999) Is integer arithmetic fundamental to mental processing?: the mind's secret arithmetic? ''Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.'' '''266''', 587 ? 592.
-* Treffert D.A. (2000) ''Extraordinary people'', Bantom press, London.
-* Treffert D.A. (1988) The Idiot Savant: A review of the Syndrome.  ''Am. J. Psychiatry'' '''145''', 563 ? 572.
-==External links==
-* [http://purplemedicalblog.blogspot.com/2004/06/autistic-savant-unexpected-genius-kim.html Purple Medical Blog: Autistic Savant: Two Seconds to Discover Prime Numbers Two Years To Learn to Ride the Bus]
-* [http://www.dave.burt.id.au/files/jef/MajorBrainAssignmentFINAL.doc Inducing savant-like abilities in ordinary humans by applying slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left anterior temporal lobe.]
-* [http://www.savantsyndrome.com Wisconsin Medical Society: Savant Syndrome]
-[[Category:Autistic savants| ]]
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