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Coordinates: 22°29′51″N 114°08′07″E / 22.4975°N 114.1353°E / 22.4975; 114.1353
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{{Use Hong Kong English|date=April 2019}}
[[File:Fanling Wai 2005.jpg|thumb|300px|External view of Fanling Chung Wai with pond.]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
[[File:PangAncestralHall Front.jpg|thumb|300px|Pang Ancestral Hall in Fanling Pak Wai.]]

'''Fanling Wai''' (粉嶺圍) is a village in [[Fanling]], [[North District, Hong Kong|North District]], [[Hong Kong]], built by the [[Peng (surname)|Pang]] (彭) [[Chinese clan|Clan]]. It is composed of a [[Walled villages of Hong Kong|walled village]] and its extensions<ref name="transfer">[http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4402408.pdf Chan Kwok Shing: "Negotiating the Transfer Practice of Housing in a Chinese Lineal Village", in ''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch'', Vol. 37, 1997. pp.63-79]</ref>: Pak Wai (北圍, north wai), Ching Wai or Chung Wai (正圍 or 中圍, central wai) - the walled village, and Nam Wai (南圍, south wai).<ref name="grade I">[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_I_Items.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade I Items. See #99.]</ref>
{{Infobox settlement
| name =Fanling Wai
| official_name =
| native_name =粉嶺圍
| native_name_lang = zh-hant
| other_name =
| settlement_type =[[Walled villages of Hong Kong|Walled village]]
| image_skyline =Fanling Wai 2005.jpg
| imagesize =250px
| image_caption =External view of Fanling Ching Wai with pond.
| image_flag =
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name =[[Hong Kong]]
| subdivision_type1 =District
| subdivision_name1 =[[North District, Hong Kong|North]]
| subdivision_type2 =Suburb
| subdivision_name2 =[[Fanling]]
| established_title =Established
| established_date =1572–1620
| founder =[[Peng (surname)|Pang]] [[Chinese clan|Clan]]
| named_for =
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{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Fanling Wai 2017.jpg
| piccap = Aerial view of Fanling Wai
| picsize = <!-- 200px (Default is 260px) -->
|t=粉嶺圍
|y=Fán léhng wàih
|j=Fan2 leng5 wai4
}}
[[File:FanlingWai 3Canons.jpg|thumb|Cannons near the entrance gate-tower of Fanling Ching Wai.]]
[[File:HK FanlingWai PangAncestralHall.jpg|thumb|Pang Ancestral Hall in Fanling Pak Wai.]]

'''Fanling Wai''' is a village in [[Fanling]], [[North District, Hong Kong|North District]], [[Hong Kong]], built by the [[Peng (surname)|Pang]] ({{zh|t=彭|labels=no}}) [[Chinese clan|Clan]]. It is composed of a [[Walled villages of Hong Kong|walled village]] and its two extensions:<ref name="transfer">{{cite journal |last1= Chan|first1= Kwok-shing|year= 1997|title=Negotiating the Transfer Practice of Housing in a Chinese Lineal Village|journal=Journal of the [[Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch]]|volume= 37|pages= 63–80|url=http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/54f86fa351af6b2e23459ba994223a0c.pdf|issn= 1991-7295}}</ref> '''Ching Wai''' or '''Chung Wai''' ({{zh|t=正圍|labels=no}} or {{zh|t=中圍|l=central hamlet|labels=no}}) – the only walled hamlet of Fanling Wai and also the first hamlet to be built, '''Pak Wai''' ({{zh|t=北圍|l=north hamlet|labels=no}}), and '''Nam Wai''' ({{zh|t=南圍|l=south hamlet|labels=no}}).<ref name="grade I">Historic Building Appraisal: [http://www.aab.gov.hk/historicbuilding/en/99_Appraisal_En.pdf Pang Ancestral Hall, Fanling Pak Wai, Fanling ]</ref><ref name="Localized">{{cite book |last= Chan|first=Kwok-shing |date=2012 |title=A Localized Culture of Welfare: Entitlements, Stratification, and Identity in a Chinese Lineage Village |publisher= [[Rowman & Littlefield]]|pages= 30–31|isbn=9780739166871}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Fanling Wai is the centre of the Pang Clan who arrived in Hong Kong late in the [[Song Dynasty]].<ref name="planning">[http://www.pland.gov.hk/press/publication/nt_pamphlet02/fss_html/hist_e.html Planning Department - Historical Background]</ref> The ''wai'' (walled village) was constructed in the [[Wanli Emperor|Wanli]] (1572–1620) reign of the [[Ming Dynasty]]. Pang Kwei (彭桂) was the founding ancestor of the Pang Clan who went to Lung Shan (龍山), now known as [[Lung Yeuk Tau]] of Fanling from [[Dongguan]] in 1190. He then moved to [[Fan Leng Lau]] in 1220<ref name="transfer" /> and established a village over there. As the population of the clan increased, they moved westward to settle in Fanling Wai and other places.<ref name="grade III">[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_III_Items.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade III Items. See #978, 979, 980, 1070.]</ref>
Fanling Wai is the centre of the Pang Clan, who arrived in Hong Kong during the [[Southern Song dynasty]] (1127-1279).<ref name="planning">{{cite web|url=http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/press/publication/nt_pamphlet02/fss_html/hist.html |title=Fanling & Sheung Shui: Historical Background |date=2002 |publisher=Planning Department |access-date=20 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220175758/http://www.pland.gov.hk/pland_en/press/publication/nt_pamphlet02/fss_html/hist.html |archive-date=February 20, 2016 }}</ref> The ''wai'' (walled village) was constructed in the early part of the [[Wanli Emperor|Wanli]] (1572–1620) reign of the [[Ming dynasty]].<ref name="AMO Ching Wai">[[Antiquities and Monuments Office]]: [http://hktais.lcsd.gov.hk/hktais/VilSearchAction.do?page=8&vilCode=FAN1&method=View&localename=US Fanling Ching Wai – History]</ref>

The ancestors of the Pang Clan of Fanling Wai were settled in [[Gansu]] province, in China, and moved to [[Jishui County]] in [[Jiangxi]] province in 739, and later, during the [[Northern Song dynasty]] (960- 1127), they moved successively to [[Chaozhou]] and [[Dongguan]].<ref name="grade I"/><ref name="AMO Ching Wai"/> Pang Kwei ({{zh|t=彭桂|labels=no}}), the founding ancestor of the Pang Clan, moved from Dongguan to Lung Shan ({{zh|t=龍山|labels=no}}), now known as [[Lung Yeuk Tau]] of Fanling, in 1190. He then moved to [[Fan Leng Lau]] in 1220<ref name="transfer" /> and established a village over there. As the population of the clan increased, they moved westward to settle in Fanling Wai and other places.<ref name="grade III">[http://www.aab.gov.hk/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade III Items. Items #978, 979, 980.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311060415/http://www.aab.gov.hk/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2017-03-11 }}</ref>


==Features==
==Features==
[[File:FanlingWai 3Canons.jpg|thumb|300px|Cannons near the entrance gate-tower of Fanling Chung Wai.]]
[[File:SzeTakStudyHall2.jpg|thumb|Tsz Tak Study Hall in Fanling Nam Wai.]]
Fanling Chung Wai is recognisable with the distinctive pond and layout including features such as cannons and watchtowers. All these elements were crafted to form an integral part of the village setting.<ref name="planning" /> The entrance is at the central axis of the walled village with village houses built connected to the walls and seven rows on the left and right of the central axis. Three circular gun holes are on the façade wall of the entrance gate-tower with three painted white circles for [[feng shui]] reasons.<ref name="grade III" />
Fanling Chung Wai is recognisable with the distinctive pond and layout including features such as cannons and watchtowers. All these elements were crafted to form an integral part of the village setting.<ref name="planning" /> The entrance is at the central axis of the walled village with village houses built connected to the walls and seven rows on the left and right of the central axis. Three circular gun holes are on the façade wall of the entrance gate-tower with three painted white circles for [[feng shui]] reasons.<ref name="grade III" /> The cannons of Fanling Wai were buried during the [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong]] (1941–1945), and were only excavated in 1986. They are now on display on a cement platform in front of the walled settlement.<ref name="Localized"/>


The Pang [[Ancestral Hall]] (彭氏宗祠), also called Tai Tak Tong (大德堂), is located in Fanling Pak Wai. It was moved to the present site in 1846 due to feng shui reasons. It was rebuilt in 1884.<ref name="grade I" />
The Pang [[Ancestral Hall]] ({{zh|t=彭氏宗祠|labels=no}}), also called Tai Tak Tong ({{zh|t=大德堂|labels=no}}), is located in Fanling Pak Wai. It was moved to the present site in 1846 due to feng shui reasons. It was rebuilt in 1884.<ref name="grade I" />


The Tsz Tak Study Hall ({{zh|t=思德書室|labels=no}}) in Fanling Nam Wai was built in 1846. It provided education for the village children, with 20 to 30 children being taught there. In 1936, it housed the government subsidized [[Fanling Public School]]. Its function as a school ceased in 1957, when a separate school complex was constructed to its north-east. The hall is also used for ancestral worship of the Sze-yan lineage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aab.gov.hk/form/brief_information_grade2.pdf |title=Brief Information on Proposed Grade II Items. Item #520 |access-date=20 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212156/http://www.aab.gov.hk/form/brief_information_grade2.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:SzeTakStudyHall2.jpg|thumb|300px|Tsz Tak Study Hall.]]

The Tsz Tak Study Hall (思德書室) in Fanling Nam Wai was built in 1846. It provided education for the village children, with 20 to 30 children being taught there. In 1936, it housed a government subsidized Fanling Public School. Its function as a school ceased in 1957, when a separate school complex was constructed to its north-east. The hall is also used for ancestral worship of the Sze-yan lineage.<ref>[http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/form/Brief_Information_on_proposed_Grade_II_Items.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade II Items, pp.549-550]</ref>
A Sam Shing Temple ({{zh|t=三聖宮|labels=no}}), dedicated to [[Pak Tai]], [[Kwan Tai]] and Man Cheong ({{zh|t=文昌|labels=no}}), was erected by the Pang clan in the area. It was moved to its present location, west of Ling Hill ({{zh|t=靈山|labels=no}}) and along Jockey Club Road, in 1948.<ref>[http://www.aab.gov.hk/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf Brief Information on Proposed Grade III Items. Item #1070] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311060415/http://www.aab.gov.hk/form/brief_information_grade3.pdf |date=2017-03-11 }}</ref>


==Conservation==
==Conservation==
Fanling Chung Wai is a [[List of Grade II historic buildings in Hong Kong|Grade II historic building]].<ref name="graded">[http://www.amo.gov.hk/form/historical.pdf List of Graded Historic Buildings in Hong Kong (as at 6 November 2009)]</ref> The entrance gate-tower and two corner watchtowers were rebuilt in 1986.<ref name="grade III" /> The Pang Ancestral Hall is a [[List of Grade I historic buildings in Hong Kong|Grade I historic building]]<ref name="graded" /> since 1981.<ref name="grade I" />
The entrance gate-tower, together with the southwest and northwest watchtowers of Fanling Chung Wai are [[Heritage conservation in Hong Kong|Grade III historic buildings]].<ref name="graded">[http://www.aab.gov.hk/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf List of the 1,444 Historic Buildings in Building Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618060809/http://www.aab.gov.hk/form/AAB-SM-chi.pdf |date=18 June 2018 }} (as of 23 October 2015)</ref> They were rebuilt in 1986.<ref name="grade III" /> The Pang Ancestral Hall is a Grade I historic building, while the Tsz Tak Study Hall is a Grade II historic building and the Sam Shing Temple is a Grade III historic building.<ref name="graded" />


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite thesis |last=Chan |first= Selina Ching|date= 1995|title=Tradition inherited, tradition reinterpreted : a Chinese lineage in the 1990s |type=D.Phil in Anthropology and Geography |publisher= [[University of Oxford]]|oclc=53688545 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DStVe4K2BaoC&pg=PA12 }}
* {{cite journal|last=Choi |first=C.C.|author-link1=|year=1990|title=Studies on Hong Kong Jiao Festivals |journal=Journal of the [[Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch]]|volume=30|pages=26–43 |url=https://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/6961e3917fbbd2702e62721f4604d7d8.pdf |issn=1991-7295|accessdate=}}
* {{cite thesis |last=Chan |first=Wing-ho, Michael |date=2000 |title=Characteristics and genesis of soils in Hong Kong's Fung Shui woodlands |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10722/30290 |type=MPhil thesis |chapter= |publisher=[[The University of Hong Kong]] |docket= |oclc= |doi=10.5353/th_b2975816 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |access-date=}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Fanling Wai}}
{{Commons category|Fanling Wai}}
* [https://www.had.gov.hk/rre/images/village_map1922/N/n-f-08.pdf Delineation of area of existing village Fanling Wai (Fanling) for election of resident representative (2019 to 2022)]
* [http://www.hkipcc.org.hk/history/report/13prize_high5.htm Page about Fanling Wai] {{zh icon}}
* [[Antiquities and Monuments Office]]. Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Architectural Information System. [https://hktais.amo.gov.hk/hktais/PblVilSearchAction.do?vilName=FAN1 Fanling Ching Wai]
* [http://www.bighongkong.com/bhkphoto/fanlingwai/ Personal page about Fanling Wai] {{zh icon}}
* [[Antiquities and Monuments Office]]. Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Architectural Information System. [https://hktais.amo.gov.hk/hktais/PblVilSearchAction.do?vilName=FAN2 Fanling Nam Wai]
* [[Antiquities and Monuments Office]]. Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Architectural Information System. [https://hktais.amo.gov.hk/hktais/PblVilSearchAction.do?vilName=FAN3 Fanling Pak Wai]
* [http://www.hkipcc.org.hk/history/report/13prize_high5.htm Page about Fanling Wai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623034954/http://www.hkipcc.org.hk/history/report/13prize_high5.htm |date=23 June 2021 }} {{in lang|zh}}
* [http://www.bighongkong.com/bhkphoto/fanlingwai/ Personal page about Fanling Wai] {{in lang|zh}}
* [http://www.pangfamily.co.uk/ Pang family of Fanling Wai]
* [http://www.pangfamily.co.uk/ Pang family of Fanling Wai]
* [http://www.pangsfamily.com/ Pang's family website]
* [http://www.pangsfamily.com/ Pang's family website]
* [http://www.facebook.com/Pangs.Family/ Pang's Family (Fanling Wai) Facebook Site]
* {{cite thesis |degree=Master of Landscape Architecture |last= Kong |first= Tak-chun, Andy|date=2000 |title=Cultural landscape architecture Fanling Wai (Walled village) |publisher=[[University of Hong Kong]] |url= http://www.pangsfamily.com/info/housing2.pdf}}
* [https://www.hkmemory.hk/MHK/collections/local_festivals/festivals/lunar1/1_3/index.html Tai Ping Hung Chiu Ceremony]


{{coord missing|Hong Kong}}
{{North District, Hong Kong}}
{{coord|22.4975|114.1353|display=title}}


[[Category:Fanling]]
[[Category:Fanling]]
[[Category:Walled villages of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Walled villages of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Grade II historic buildings in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Grade II historic buildings in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Villages in North District, Hong Kong]]

[[zh:粉嶺圍]]

Latest revision as of 07:06, 2 November 2024

Fanling Wai
粉嶺圍
Walled village
External view of Fanling Ching Wai with pond.
External view of Fanling Ching Wai with pond.
Map
CountryHong Kong
DistrictNorth
SuburbFanling
Established1572–1620
Founded byPang Clan
Fanling Wai
Aerial view of Fanling Wai
Traditional Chinese粉嶺圍
Transcriptions
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationFán léhng wàih
JyutpingFan2 leng5 wai4
Cannons near the entrance gate-tower of Fanling Ching Wai.
Pang Ancestral Hall in Fanling Pak Wai.

Fanling Wai is a village in Fanling, North District, Hong Kong, built by the Pang (彭) Clan. It is composed of a walled village and its two extensions:[1] Ching Wai or Chung Wai (正圍 or 中圍; 'central hamlet') – the only walled hamlet of Fanling Wai and also the first hamlet to be built, Pak Wai (北圍; 'north hamlet'), and Nam Wai (南圍; 'south hamlet').[2][3]

History

[edit]

Fanling Wai is the centre of the Pang Clan, who arrived in Hong Kong during the Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279).[4] The wai (walled village) was constructed in the early part of the Wanli (1572–1620) reign of the Ming dynasty.[5]

The ancestors of the Pang Clan of Fanling Wai were settled in Gansu province, in China, and moved to Jishui County in Jiangxi province in 739, and later, during the Northern Song dynasty (960- 1127), they moved successively to Chaozhou and Dongguan.[2][5] Pang Kwei (彭桂), the founding ancestor of the Pang Clan, moved from Dongguan to Lung Shan (龍山), now known as Lung Yeuk Tau of Fanling, in 1190. He then moved to Fan Leng Lau in 1220[1] and established a village over there. As the population of the clan increased, they moved westward to settle in Fanling Wai and other places.[6]

Features

[edit]
Tsz Tak Study Hall in Fanling Nam Wai.

Fanling Chung Wai is recognisable with the distinctive pond and layout including features such as cannons and watchtowers. All these elements were crafted to form an integral part of the village setting.[4] The entrance is at the central axis of the walled village with village houses built connected to the walls and seven rows on the left and right of the central axis. Three circular gun holes are on the façade wall of the entrance gate-tower with three painted white circles for feng shui reasons.[6] The cannons of Fanling Wai were buried during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (1941–1945), and were only excavated in 1986. They are now on display on a cement platform in front of the walled settlement.[3]

The Pang Ancestral Hall (彭氏宗祠), also called Tai Tak Tong (大德堂), is located in Fanling Pak Wai. It was moved to the present site in 1846 due to feng shui reasons. It was rebuilt in 1884.[2]

The Tsz Tak Study Hall (思德書室) in Fanling Nam Wai was built in 1846. It provided education for the village children, with 20 to 30 children being taught there. In 1936, it housed the government subsidized Fanling Public School. Its function as a school ceased in 1957, when a separate school complex was constructed to its north-east. The hall is also used for ancestral worship of the Sze-yan lineage.[7]

A Sam Shing Temple (三聖宮), dedicated to Pak Tai, Kwan Tai and Man Cheong (文昌), was erected by the Pang clan in the area. It was moved to its present location, west of Ling Hill (靈山) and along Jockey Club Road, in 1948.[8]

Conservation

[edit]

The entrance gate-tower, together with the southwest and northwest watchtowers of Fanling Chung Wai are Grade III historic buildings.[9] They were rebuilt in 1986.[6] The Pang Ancestral Hall is a Grade I historic building, while the Tsz Tak Study Hall is a Grade II historic building and the Sam Shing Temple is a Grade III historic building.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Chan, Kwok-shing (1997). "Negotiating the Transfer Practice of Housing in a Chinese Lineal Village" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch. 37: 63–80. ISSN 1991-7295.
  2. ^ a b c Historic Building Appraisal: Pang Ancestral Hall, Fanling Pak Wai, Fanling
  3. ^ a b Chan, Kwok-shing (2012). A Localized Culture of Welfare: Entitlements, Stratification, and Identity in a Chinese Lineage Village. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 30–31. ISBN 9780739166871.
  4. ^ a b "Fanling & Sheung Shui: Historical Background". Planning Department. 2002. Archived from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  5. ^ a b Antiquities and Monuments Office: Fanling Ching Wai – History
  6. ^ a b c Brief Information on Proposed Grade III Items. Items #978, 979, 980. Archived 2017-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Brief Information on Proposed Grade II Items. Item #520" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  8. ^ Brief Information on Proposed Grade III Items. Item #1070 Archived 2017-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ a b List of the 1,444 Historic Buildings in Building Assessment Archived 18 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine (as of 23 October 2015)

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fanling Wai.

22°29′51″N 114°08′07″E / 22.4975°N 114.1353°E / 22.4975; 114.1353

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