Antonov An-148: Difference between revisions

An-148/An-158
An-148/An-158
	Antonov An-158
General information
Type	Regional jet airliner
National origin	Ukraine
Designer	Antonov
Built by	Antonov Serial Production Plant ; Voronezh Aircraft Production Association[citation needed]
Status	In service
Primary users	Ministry of Defence (Russia) Cubana de Aviación ; Angara Airlines ; Air Koryo
Number built	47[citation needed]
History
Introduction date	2 June 2009
First flight	17 December 2004 (An-148); 28 April 2010 (An-158)
Developed from	Antonov An-74
Developed into	Antonov An-178

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The Antonov An-148 (Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-148) is a regional jet designed and built by Antonov of Ukraine. Development of the aircraft was started in the 1990s, and its maiden flight took place on 17 December 2004. The aircraft completed its certification programme on 26 February 2007. The An-148 has a maximum range of 2,100–4,400 km (1,100–2,400 nmi; 1,300–2,700 mi) and is able to carry 68–85 passengers, depending on the configuration. The Antonov An-158 is a stretched fuselage version of the aircraft, accommodating up to 100 passengers.

Following a crash in February 2018, all An-148 and An-158 in Russia were grounded by the Russian Ministry of Transport.^[3]^[4] In addition, Cubana grounded its An-158 fleet as of May 2018 due to several technical issues with the aircraft.^[5] Until late 2018,^{[citation needed]} the Antonov An-148 aircraft was also being produced in Russia by Voronezh Aircraft Production Association; however, due to the souring political relationship between Ukraine and Russia, production in Russia was discontinued.^[6] The last Russian-built An-148 was completed in October 2018.^[7]^[8]

Development

The beginning of the An-148 project dates to the early 1990s, when work on the Antonov An-74 passenger modification started, headed by Petro Balabuev. In 2001, the project was renamed An-148. The An-74 fuselage was extended and the new aircraft's wing design was created from scratch. The developers initially used Motor Sich D-436-148 engines. Other variants with Western-made engines with thrust of 58.86–78.48 kN (6,002–8,003 kgf; 13,230–17,640 lbf) (such as the General Electric CF34 or Rolls-Royce BR700) are being considered.^[9]

In 2002, production of the first three prototypes was begun at AVIANT. On 17 December 2004, the first prototype completed its maiden flight. The second prototype joined the testing programme in April 2005.^[10] During the certification programme, the two prototypes performed about 600 flights in total.^[11] On 26 February 2007, the aircraft, its D-436-148 engine and the AI-450-МS auxiliary power unit were certified by the Interstate Aviation Committee of Russia and the State Aviation Administration of Ukraine.

The An-148 is manufactured by the Ukrainian Kyiv AVIANT plant (now Antonov Serial Production Plant) and Russia's Voronezh Aircraft Production Association (VASO). On 28 June 2009, the first serially produced An-148, manufactured at VASO in Voronezh, took to the skies.^[10] Although numerous companies are involved in the project, at least 70% of the aircraft's hardware is made by Russian manufacturers.^{[citation needed]} The An-148's list price is about $24–30 million.^[12] The main problem with the project has been increasing the aircraft's sluggish production rate. The then-independent AVIANT plant initially failed to satisfy to growing orders, leading to VASO's growing involvement in the aircraft's assembly.^[12] VASO announced in June 2017 that the two final Russian-assembled An-148s would be delivered, and the project would not see further development.^[13] In early 2018, Ukraine affirmatively banned sales of Progress D-436 aircraft engines to Russia as a consequence of the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.^[14]

For Siberian operators, Antonov plans a model with a higher gross weight and additional fuel capacity in the center tank, extending the range with 75 passengers from 2,198 km (1,187 nmi; 1,366 mi) to 3,598 km (1,943 nmi; 2,236 mi). An "E" variant is also planned to offer a special 5,100 km (2,800 nmi; 3,200 mi) range, which would serve as a platform for the "E1", capable of non-stop Moscow-Vladivostok 6,995 km (3,777 nmi; 4,346 mi) services carrying 44 passengers.^{[citation needed]}

Design

The An-148 aircraft is a high-wing monoplane with two turbofan jet engines mounted in pods under the wing. This arrangement protects the engines and wing structure against foreign object damage. A built-in autodiagnosis system, auxiliary power unit, and the wing configuration allow the An-148 to be used at poorly equipped airfields. Flight and navigation equipment features five 15 by 20 cm (5.9 by 7.9 in) liquid crystal display panels built by Russia's Aviapribor and a fly-by-wire system, which enables the An-148 aircraft to operate day and night, under instrument flight rules and visual flight rules weather conditions on high-density air routes. Similar to the Boeing 737, the main landing gear rotates into the belly of the aircraft when in flight, with partial doors covering the legs, and the sides of the tires remaining exposed. Built-in entrance stairs enable boarding and disembarking the aircraft without extra ground equipment.^[12] The manufacturer claims high fuel efficiency of the Motor Sich D-436-148 engines.^[12]

The An-148-100 regional aircraft is the main model of the An-148. It seats 70 passengers at 864 mm (34.0 in) or up to 80 passengers at 762 mm (30.0 in) pitch in a one-class 2+3 seating layout. The aircraft is also configurable in a multiple-class layout which can carry fewer passengers, typically with four abreast business class.^[15]

Variants

An-148-100A: main version of the An-148. It has a passenger capacity of 85 in a one-class dense configuration or 68 in a two-class configuration, and a range of 2,100 km (1,100 nmi; 1,300 mi)^[16]
An-148-100B: extended-range version, up to 3,500 km (1,900 nmi; 2,200 mi)^[16]
An-148-100E: extended-range version, up to 4,400 km (2,400 nmi; 2,700 mi)^[16] and a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 43.7 t (43,700 kg; 96,000 lb)
An-148-200: unified with An-158 by the rear part of the fuselage. Hence maximum seating capacity is increased to 89 passengers in dense configuration, comparing to 85 for An-148-100. Planned for production in Kyiv with An-158.^[17]
An-148-300: previously called An-168, business variant, seating 8-40 passengers, with a range up to 7,000 km (3,800 nmi; 4,300 mi)^[18]
An-148DRLV: proposed airborne early warning and control variant.^{[citation needed]}
An-158: stretched fuselage version for 99 passengers in a one-class standard configuration.^[19]^[20]^[21] Other changes include the installation of wingtip fences. The airplane successfully completed its first flight on 28 April 2010, with flight certification tests planned to be completed before the end of 2010;^[22] on 3 March 2011, it was given Russian certification.^[23] Nowadays, after flight and land test in night lands airports of Ecuador (Latacunga / Cotopaxi International Airport, 2806 m AMSL) and Bolivia (La Paz / El Alto International Airport, 4061 m AMSL) in November 2013 prepare documentation for obtaining correspondent supplements to the type certificate of this airplane.^[24]
An-178: cargo variant, with a payload capacity of 15 t (15,000 kg; 33,000 lb).^[19]^[25]^[26] The wing outer panels (including winglets), front fuselage with cockpit and nosewheel leg come from the An-158. The cargo hold is slightly enlarged, and there is an extra pair of main-wheels on each side.^[27] The An-178 was previously known as the An-148T,^[28] which would have had the Progress AI-727 turbofan as a potential power plant option.^[29]
HESA IrAn-148: Designation of An-148 aircraft proposed for license production from knocked down kits in Iran.

Operational history

In April 2005, the Ilyushin Finance Leasing Company ordered the first series of An-148 for the Krasair airline. Lease agreement calls for ten aircraft with an option for five units valued at $270 million.^[30]

On 2 June 2009, the first An-148 entered commercial service with the Ukrainian carrier Aerosvit.^[31] The first passenger flight was from Kharkiv to Kyiv; the aircraft had the civilian registration UR-NTA.^[32] By November 2009, Aerosvit was operating the An-148 on the Kyiv–Odesa and Simferopol–Lviv routes, performing two flights a day with the average flight time of 4–5 hours.^[12]

On 21 December 2009, the An-148 was put into service in Russia with Rossiya airline. The first passenger flight was FV135 from Pulkovo Airport in Saint Petersburg to Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow.^[10] By 20 May 2010, Rossiya's An-148 fleet had accumulated a total of 915 flight hours and performed 710 landings.^[33] Rossiya complained that the aircraft experienced some reliability problems.^[34] There were some technical problems with the aircraft, and pilot training could not be ramped up fast enough, leading to pilot shortages.^[33] However, by 2011 the situation had improved.^[35]

On 15 February 2010, the An-148 started international flights to the European Union (Poland) with the Aerosvit airline.^[36]

On 18 April 2013, the first serial An-158 version was delivered to the Cuban flagship airline Cubana de Aviación. According to Antonov, Cubana additionally ordered two more aircraft,^[37] while other sources report this order to be for ten aircraft.^[38] On 28 April 2013, Ukraine's Antonov aircraft maker handed over a third An-158 passenger airliner to Cuba and signed a contract for the delivery of three more.

In April 2016, Indian company Reliance defense limited and Antonov entered into an agreement to construct an aircraft based on An 148/ An 158 for defense and commercial purposes.^[39]

In April 2017, Cubana de Aviación suspended its flights between Havana and Guantánamo due to "technical problems" with its An-158 fleet. The route from Havana to Holguín also had problems: of 116 planned flights in the first months of 2017, 38 were cancelled and 36 suffered significant delays.^[40] Yoanka Acosta, head of Cubana's commercial division, explained that the planes were leased from Ukraine but spare parts were sourced from Russia, so the state of conflict between the two countries had affected the supply of parts, making maintenance difficult.^[40] In late April, however, representatives from Antonov and Cubana met and signed a service agreement that extended the aircraft's navigation directives to 3,600 flights and guaranteed the supply of spare parts, although it did not specify a date for normalization.^[41]

In March 2018, Rostransnadzor suspended all flights of An-148 in Russia after the crash on 11 February 2018.^[42]

In May 2018, Cubana de Aviación grounded its An-158 fleet after it received an order from the Cuban National Aviation Authority after "multiple and repeating failures (had) been found in complex systems, built by mechanical, hydraulic and electrical components, as well as computer performance algorithms", in addition to "evidence of design and manufacturing flaws, serious issues in flight control system, cracks in the structure and engine temperature increase above normal parameters".^[5]

Production
Total	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004
47	3	2	3	5	5	9	4	6	6	2	0	0	0	1	1

On 18 September 2023, the Ukrainian military intelligence claimed a raid against Chkalovsky Air Base, near Moscow, occurred. During which they claimed to have damaged an An-148.^[43]

Orders and deliveries

The following sheet depicts all known orders and deliveries of An-148 aircraft. However it is unclear if all of them are currently operational:

Airline	Order	Delivered	Refs
Air Koryo	2	2	^[44]^[45]
Angara Airlines	5	5	^[46]
Ministry of Defence	15	15	^[47]
Ministry of Emergency Situations	2	2	^[48]
Russian Presidential Administration	5	3	^[49]
Ukraine Air Enterprise	2	2	^[50]
Border Guard Service of Russia	3	2	^[51]
Cubana de Aviación	6	6	^[52]^[53]
Total	40	37

Incidents and accidents

On 5 March 2011, an Antonov An-148 (assembled by VASO) carrying test registration 61708 crashed during a test flight in Russia's Belgorod Oblast after an inflight breakup, killing all six crew members on board. An investigation commission found that the crew permitted the aircraft to accelerate more than 60 knots above its "Never Exceed" speed in an emergency descent, which led to the inflight breakup.^[54] Witnesses on the ground reported a wing had separated from the aircraft in flight. The aircraft was due to be delivered to Myanmar.
On 11 February 2018, an Antonov An-148 operating as Saratov Airlines Flight 703, crashed shortly after takeoff near Ramenskoye, outside of Moscow. The aircraft was carrying 65 passengers and six crew members. There were no survivors. This is the first fatal commercial accident for this aircraft type.^[55]

Specifications

Antonov An-148 specifications^[56]^[57]^[19]^[58]
Variant	148-100E	158 *
Cockpit crew	2
Seats	68–85	86–99
Seat pitch	30–35 in	30–34 in
Cargo	14.60 m³ (516 cu ft)	–
Length	29.13 m (95 ft 7 in)	30.83 m (101 ft 2 in)
Wingspan	28.91 m (94 ft 10 in)
Wing area	87.32 m² (939.9 sq ft)
Height	8.19 m (26 ft 10 in)
Cabin	3.15 m (10 ft 4 in) width × 2.00 m (6 ft 7 in) height
MTOW	43,700 kg (96,300 lb)
Max. payload	9,000 kg (20,000 lb)	5,000 kg (11,000 lb)
OEW	22,000 kg (49,000 lb)
Max. fuel	12,050 kg (26,570 lb)
Turbofan (x 2)	Progress D-436-148	D-436
Thrust (x 2)	14,000 lbf; 63 kN	15,100 lbf; 67.0 kN
Ceiling	12,200 m (40,000 ft)
Cruise	800 to 870 km/h (430 to 470 kn)
Range (75 pax/max PL)	4,400 km (2,400 nmi)	2,500 km (1,300 nmi)
Fuel burn	1,650 kg/h (3,600 lb/h)	1,800 kg/h (4,000 lb/h)
Takeoff (MTOW)	1,885 m (6,184 ft)	1,900 m (6,200 ft)

References

^ "Ukrainian Antonov Design Bureau original AN-148 Specification". Archived from the original on 25 January 2018.
^ "Rеестр самолётов типа Антонов Ан-148". russianplanes.net. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
^ "Ространснадзор предписал приостановить полеты Ан-148 после катастрофы". РБК. 20 March 2018. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
^ "Russia Grounds All AN-148 Planes Over Safety Fears After Plane Crash". Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
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^ "Russia curtails production of the Antonov An-148 regional jet". Russian Aviation Insider. 24 October 2018. Archived from the original on 20 January 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
^ "An-148". Antonov ASTC. 2004. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2006.
^ ^a ^b ^c "History of An-148". United Aircraft Corporation. 2010. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011.
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^ ^a ^b ^c "[Actu] Variantes militaires de l'Antonov An-148". Red Samovar. 9 May 2017.
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^ "Antonov and Reliance signed MoC for India's Multi-role Transport Aircraft program". Air Recognition. 2 May 2016.
^ ^a ^b "'Problemas técnicos' de los An-158 provocan retrasos y suspensiones en vuelos nacionales" ['Technical problems' with the Antonov An-158 cause domestic flight delays and suspensions]. Diario de Cuba (in Spanish). Havana. 21 April 2017. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
^ "Empresa ucraniana Antonov y Cubana de Aviación firman acuerdo" [Ukrainian company Antonov and Cubana de Aviación sign an agreement]. CiberCuba (in Spanish). Havana. 28 April 2017. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
^ "ВЗГЛЯД / Ространснадзор приостановил эксплуатацию Ан-148". Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
^ Jake Epstein (20 September 2023). "Saboteurs 'blew up' aircraft at a Russian base in the latest in a string of attacks, causing 'hysteria,' Ukrainian military intelligence reports". Business Insider. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
^ "Air Koryo to rejuvenate fleet with Antonov An-148". ch-aviation.ch. 21 November 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
^ "✈ наша авиация" (in Russian). Russianplanes.net. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
^ "Новый самолет АН-148 авиакомпании "Ангара" совершил посадку в Иркутске". Новости. Angara Airlines. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
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^ Gusarov, Roman (15 May 2013). "Welcoming An-158 in Cuba". Russian Aviation. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
^ Miami Herald (subscription required)
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^ "AN-148-200 Specifications". Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2010. Archived 28 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine

External links

Media related to Antonov An-148 at Wikimedia Commons

Antonov An-148 page on the Antonov website
Antonov An-158 page on the Antonov website
Promotional video of the An-148 by Antonov
3D-model Antonov ASTC. An-148 twin jet airliner for the ″3D Buildings″ layer inside Google Earth
3D-model An-148 jet aircraft take off, Kyiv for the ″3D Buildings″ layer inside Google Earth

[1] "Ukrainian Antonov Design Bureau original AN-148 Specification". Archived from the original on 25 January 2018.

[russianplanes-2] "Rеестр самолётов типа Антонов Ан-148". russianplanes.net. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.

[3] "Ространснадзор предписал приостановить полеты Ан-148 после катастрофы". РБК. 20 March 2018. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.

[4] "Russia Grounds All AN-148 Planes Over Safety Fears After Plane Crash". Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.

[airlinegeeks17may2018-5] Diaz, Pablo (17 May 2018). "Cubana de Aviación Grounds Antonov 158 Fleet". Airline Geeks. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.

[6] "Flight International, World Airliner directory - special report". Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2018.

[7] "Появились фото испытаний последнего АН-148, собранного в Воронеже для Минобороны". 36on.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 January 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2019.

[8] "Russia curtails production of the Antonov An-148 regional jet". Russian Aviation Insider. 24 October 2018. Archived from the original on 20 January 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2019.

[9] "An-148". Antonov ASTC. 2004. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2006.

[uac_an148_history-10] "History of An-148". United Aircraft Corporation. 2010. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011.

[11] "AN-148". Antonov Design Bureau. 2010. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018.

[enter-12] Синицкий, Алексей (1 November 2009). "Antonov-148 jet enters in service in Russia". Air Transport Observer. A.B.E Media. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.

[13] "Russia will finish the production of the An-148 after completing the assembly of two aircraft – News – Russian Aviation – RUAVIATION.COM". www.ruaviation.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.

[14] "Ukraine bans deliveries of D-436 civil aircraft engines to Russia". TASS, February 19, 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2022.

[15] "Aircraft fleet". polet.ru. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2013.

[an-148_red_samovar-16] "[Actu] Variantes militaires de l'Antonov An-148". Red Samovar. 9 May 2017.

[17] ""Антонов" готовит новую модификацию Ан-148". АвиаПорт.Ru. Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.

[18] "New customer of ANTONOV-148". Deagel. 16 June 2009. Archived from the original on 16 January 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

[disclose-19] Francis, Leithen (28 September 2009). "Antonov discloses An-158 specifications". Flightglobal. Beijing: Flight International. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2010.

[20] Zaitsev, Tom (16 March 2010). "Antonov points to 9 May for An-158 first flight". Flightglobal. Moscow. Archived from the original on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2010.

[21] Karnozov, Vladimir (2009). "An-148 First Revenue Flight". Air Fleet. No. 3. A4 Press. Archived from the original on 15 July 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2010.

[22] "Maiden Flight of AN-158 Has Been Fulfilled without Problems". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2014.

[23] Kaminski-Morrow, David (3 March 2011). "Russian authorities certificate An-158". Flightglobal. Flight International. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2011.

[24] "ANTONOV−158 completed tests in high mountains" (Press release). Antonov. 22 November 2013. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2014.{{cite press release}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[25] "Antonov Design Bureau begins to design An-178 transport aircraft". Radio Ukraine International. 24 February 2010. Archived from the original on 20 February 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2010.

[26] "На базе пассажирских Ан-158 намерены создавать грузовые самолеты". 23 February 2010. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2014.

[27] "Latest Antonov Cargo Jet on Show". Aviation Week. 15 June 2015. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.

[28] Karnazov, Vladimir (8 May 2015). "Antonov flies new airlifter; seeks civil and military orders". Defense. AINonline.

[29] "Advanced aeroengines designed at SE Ivchenko Progress". Ukraine Aviation. Image.UA. No. 2 (published 27 March 2009). 2009. pp. 65–67.

[30] Ryzhkin, Sergey (7 June 2005). "Aircraft for the Provinces". Kommersant. Archived from the original on 8 July 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2006.

[31] "Antonov Design Bureau developing new aircraft on base of An-148, industrial ministry says". Interfax-Ukraine. 9 June 2009. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015.

[32] Karnozov, Vladimir (1 November 2010). "Supporting An-148". Russian Aviation. Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.

[prove-33] Karnozov, Vladimir (1 November 2010). "An-148 proves worthy of airline service". Russian Aviation. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.

[34] "Rossiya slams An-148 reliability". Flightglobal. Flight International. 1 October 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2010.

[35] "An-148 monthly utilization rose to 270 flight hours". Russian Aviation. 19 January 2011. Archived from the original on 23 January 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2011.

[36] "A wing to EU". Kyiv Weekly. 1 April 2010. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012.

[37] "The First AN−158 Has Entered into Operation". 18 April 2013. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[38] "An-158 gearing up for new orders". Take-off Magazine. Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2013.

[39] "Antonov and Reliance signed MoC for India's Multi-role Transport Aircraft program". Air Recognition. 2 May 2016.

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v t e Antonov aircraft
Airliners	An-10 An-24 An-28 An-74 An-140 An-148 An-158 An-180 An-218
Transports	OKA-38 An-2 An-3 An-4 An-8 An-12 An-14 An-22 An-26 An-32 An-38 An-50 An-70 An-72 An-74 An-112 An-124 An-132 An-170 An-178 An-188 An-225 An-325 AKS
Reconnaissance and surveillance	An-6 An-30 An-71 An-88
Experimental	An-13 E-153 SKV An-181 An-714
Gliders	A-1 A-2 A-7 A-9 A-10 A-11 A-13 A-15 A-40
Microlights	T-2M