Jump to content

Talk:Katla (volcano): Difference between revisions

Page contents not supported in other languages.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
Implementing WP:PIQA (Task 26)
 
(30 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{WikiProject banner shell|class=C|
{{WikiProjectBannerShell |1=
{{WikiProject Volcanoes|class=Start|importance=High}}
{{WikiProject Iceland|importance=mid}}
{{WikiProject Mountains|class=Start|importance=Mid}}
{{WikiProject Volcanoes|importance=High}}
{{WikiProject Iceland|class=stub|importance=}}
{{WikiProject Mountains|importance=Mid}}
{{WikiProject Glaciers}}
}}
}}
{{WPEUR10k}}


== Height ==
== Height ==
Line 10: Line 12:
: I was wondering the same thing. [[User:Wwoods|—wwoods]] 20:19, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
: I was wondering the same thing. [[User:Wwoods|—wwoods]] 20:19, 29 May 2007 (UTC)


::And the dome going up and down. <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/85.156.184.113|85.156.184.113]] ([[User talk:85.156.184.113|talk]]) 07:57, 22 March 2010 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
::And the dome going up and down. <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/85.156.184.113|85.156.184.113]] ([[User talk:85.156.184.113|talk]]) 07:57, 22 March 2010 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --><!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
::C. C c bchdhhdhdjjd [[Special:Contributions/89.17.158.113|89.17.158.113]] ([[User talk:89.17.158.113|talk]]) 12:09, 18 October 2023 (UTC)


==Article Needs More Details on Previous Eruptions (Duration & Intensity of Each One==
==Article Needs More Details on Previous Eruptions (Duration & Intensity of Each One==
Line 63: Line 66:


:Quotes collection: "The majority of the [[Sierra Blanca (New Mexico)|Sierra Blanca]] range"; "[[Piz da las Trais Linguas]] (German: Dreisprachenspitze) meaning Peak of the Three Languages, or Cima Garibaldi, is a mountain"; "Lake Constance (German: Bodensee) is a lake"; "[[Villeneuve, Ariège|Villeneuve]] is a village" (Villeneuve is French for "new town"); "The [[Rhône Glacier]] (German: Rhonegletscher) is a glacier"; "Mount Agung or Gunung Agung is a mountain"; [[Mount Taranaki/Egmont]] (Tara, Maori for Mount); this is not what I wanted to show, but it gives an idea ;) ([[Tautology (rhetoric)#Repetitions of meaning in mixed-language phrases]]) --[[User:Chris.urs-o|Chris.urs-o]] ([[User talk:Chris.urs-o|talk]]) 13:42, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
:Quotes collection: "The majority of the [[Sierra Blanca (New Mexico)|Sierra Blanca]] range"; "[[Piz da las Trais Linguas]] (German: Dreisprachenspitze) meaning Peak of the Three Languages, or Cima Garibaldi, is a mountain"; "Lake Constance (German: Bodensee) is a lake"; "[[Villeneuve, Ariège|Villeneuve]] is a village" (Villeneuve is French for "new town"); "The [[Rhône Glacier]] (German: Rhonegletscher) is a glacier"; "Mount Agung or Gunung Agung is a mountain"; [[Mount Taranaki/Egmont]] (Tara, Maori for Mount); this is not what I wanted to show, but it gives an idea ;) ([[Tautology (rhetoric)#Repetitions of meaning in mixed-language phrases]]) --[[User:Chris.urs-o|Chris.urs-o]] ([[User talk:Chris.urs-o|talk]]) 13:42, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

== 26 July minor earthquake swarm ==

Apparently there was a minor [[earthquake swarm]].

[http://www.jonfr.com/volcano/?p=1245 more info here]
[[User:EdwardLane|EdwardLane]] ([[User talk:EdwardLane|talk]]) 10:52, 28 July 2011 (UTC)

== Latest rumblings (13 Oct. 2011) ==

This news item [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/13/icelands-katla-volcano-eruption-imminent] is of interest, and documents an uptick in earthquake activity. Not quite ready to add this to the article though, lest we start over-reacting, but it seems prudent to watch this for further action. [[User:Jusdafax|<span style="color:green;">Jus</span>]][[User talk:Jusdafax|<span style="color:#C1118C;">da</span>]][[Special:Contributions/Jusdafax|<span style="color:#0000FF;">fax</span>]] 03:01, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

== Dyke emplacement question (Nov 2011) ==

I have removed the claim that there was a dyke emplacement during November as it only had a single source. I would prefer to see a second source confirming that claim before it is added to the page. It would be appropriate to add information about the earthquakes that have happened, but I feel we should stick to the evidence and not provide unconfirmed analysis. If anyone does have a second source, preferably official, to provide confirmation of dyke emplacement, please do undo my edit and add that reference. <small><span class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Minxette|Minxette]] ([[User talk:Minxette|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Minxette|contribs]]) 12:04, 4 December 2011 (UTC)</span></small><!-- Template:Unsigned --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== July 2011 confirmed subglacial eruption ==

In 9 July 2011 the possible subglacial eruption of Katla waa confirmed by the Icelandic Meteo Office. It was however a very small eruption, not the one everyone expected. As I live in Iceland, this was widely spoken here, but not in international media. Do you think this should be added to the article? <small><span class="autosigned">— Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Irpsit|Irpsit]] ([[User talk:Irpsit|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Irpsit|contribs]]) 20:58, 8 January 2012 (UTC)</span></small><!-- Template:Unsigned --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:That sounds like an excellent item to add if you can find a reliable source discussing it! [[User:Debivort|de]] [[User Talk:Debivort|Bivort]] 22:49, 8 January 2012 (UTC)
{{od}}
As of today, English-language RSs in the 2011 section seem to say talk of 2011 "very small" subglacial eruption is speculative & other processes could account for the surface observations. [[User:NewsAndEventsGuy|NewsAndEventsGuy]] ([[User talk:NewsAndEventsGuy|talk]]) 15:34, 15 December 2014 (UTC)

== regarding the map in the link ==

it covers all earthquakes on iceland and not just near katla. clicking the map changes to full iceland view and clicking on a certain area centers the map on that area. the text should therefore be changed to reflect that.[[Special:Contributions/84.212.111.156|84.212.111.156]] ([[User talk:84.212.111.156|talk]]) 14:49, 11 October 2016 (UTC)
:Is this link what you have in mind? [http://en.vedur.is/earthquakes-and-volcanism/earthquakes/myrdalsjokull/ Myrdalsjokull (note: Katla is under the Mýrdalsjökull glacier)] [[Special:Contributions/46.26.18.232|46.26.18.232]] ([[User talk:46.26.18.232|talk]]) 17:33, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

== External links modified ==

Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified {{plural:1|one external link|1 external links}} on [[Katla (volcano)]]. Please take a moment to review [https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=748848072 my edit]. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit [[User:Cyberpower678/FaQs#InternetArchiveBot|this simple FaQ]] for additional information. I made the following changes:
*Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110723202722/http://www.almannavarnir.is/upload/files/almv_baekl_EN_vef.pdf to http://www.almannavarnir.is/upload/files/almv_baekl_EN_vef.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the ''checked'' parameter below to '''true''' or '''failed''' to let others know (documentation at {{tlx|Sourcecheck}}).

{{sourcecheck|checked=false}}

Cheers.—[[User:InternetArchiveBot|'''<span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span>''']] <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">([[User talk:InternetArchiveBot|Report bug]])</span> 19:09, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

== Eruption in 546-549 ==

According to some sources there was a huge eruption between 546 and 549.--[[User:Ezzex|Ezzex]] ([[User talk:Ezzex|talk]]) 09:37, 24 December 2016 (UTC)
:What sources? [[User:Jim1138|Jim1138]] ([[User talk:Jim1138|talk]]) 10:34, 24 December 2016 (UTC)

== External links modified ==

Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on [[Katla (volcano)]]. Please take a moment to review [https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=778457941 my edit]. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit [[User:Cyberpower678/FaQs#InternetArchiveBot|this simple FaQ]] for additional information. I made the following changes:
*Added archive http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20051102000000/http://www.earthice.hi.is/page/ies_katla1918 to http://www.earthice.hi.is/page/ies_katla1918

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

{{sourcecheck|checked=false|needhelp=}}

Cheers.—[[User:InternetArchiveBot|'''<span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span>''']] <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">([[User talk:InternetArchiveBot|Report bug]])</span> 07:16, 3 May 2017 (UTC)

==[[Veddie Ash]]==
I just removed a chunk of the article that primarily talks about [[Veddie Ash]]. As you can see there is no article on the matter, so I am unsure how notable it is in relation to volcanos as a whole? If it's readded then it needs expansion, and further explanation/rewriting as the sentences look as if they were cut short at some point. - [[User:Knowledgekid87|Knowledgekid87]] ([[User talk:Knowledgekid87|talk]]) 14:29, 23 May 2023 (UTC)

:It is thought that Katla is the source of [[Vedde ash layer|Vedde Ash]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Housley|first1=R. A.|last2=Lane|first2=C. S.|last3=Cullen|first3=V. L.|last4=Weber|first4=M. -J.|last5=Riede|first5=F.|last6=Gamble|first6=C. S.|last7=Brock|first7=F.|date=2012-03-01|title=Icelandic volcanic ash from the Late-glacial open-air archaeological site of Ahrenshöft LA 58 D, North Germany|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science|volume=39|issue=3|pages=708–716|doi=10.1016/j.jas.2011.11.003|doi-access=free}}</ref> more than {{convert|6|to|7|km3|cumi|frac=16|sp=us}} of [[tephra]] dated to 10,600 years [[Before Present|BP]]<ref name=uofi>{{cite web|url=http://www.earthice.hi.is/page/ies_katla|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091109030955/http://www.earthice.hi.is/page/ies_katla|title=Katla Volcano|work=Institute of Earth Sciences|publisher=University of Iceland|access-date=12 March 2010|archive-date=9 November 2009}}</ref><ref>Mangerud, J., Lie, S.V., Furned, H., Kristiansen, I.L., Lømo, L. (1984) A [[Younger Dryas]] Ash Bed in Western Norway, and Its Possible Correlations with Tephra in Cores from the [[Norwegian Sea]] and the North Atlantic. Quaternary Research 21 85–104</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last= Grönvold|first= K. |author2=Oskarsson N. |author3=Johnsen S.J. |author4=Clausen H.B. |author5=Hammer C.U. |author6=Bond G. |author7=Bard E.|year= 1995|title= Ash layers from Iceland in the Greenland GRIP ice core correlated with oceanic and land sediments|journal= Earth Planet Sci Lett|volume= 135|issue=1–4|pages= 149–155|doi = 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00145-3|bibcode = 1995E&PSL.135..149G |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author = Árni Hjartarson|contribution = Postglacial Lava Production in Iceland |editor = Árni Hjartarson|title = PhD-thesis|pages = 95–108|publisher = Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen|year = 2003|contribution-url = http://www.isor.is/~ah/dr/AH6_eruptions.pdf}}{{dead link|date=October 2016}}</ref> found at a number of sites including Vedde in Norway, Denmark, Scotland, and North Atlantic cores.

===References===
{{reftalk}}

Latest revision as of 12:21, 10 February 2024

Height

[edit]

There are three different figures used in the report. Obviously it is covered by varying levels of snow, but does anyone know the official figure?--JBellis 18:50, 14 January 2007 (UTC)[reply]

I was wondering the same thing. —wwoods 20:19, 29 May 2007 (UTC)[reply]
And the dome going up and down. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.156.184.113 (talk) 07:57, 22 March 2010 (UTC)[reply]
C. C c bchdhhdhdjjd 89.17.158.113 (talk) 12:09, 18 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Article Needs More Details on Previous Eruptions (Duration & Intensity of Each One

[edit]

The 1755 eruption is covered in detail but what about the others? Seems especially relevant since a Eyjafjallajökull eruption has always triggered Katla to erupt soon after. --75.166.179.110 (talk) 19:50, 16 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Does anybody know how long the period has been between the two eruptions at each time? --77.109.215.4 (talk) 16:34, 21 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Citation?

[edit]

The article does not cite the monstrous claim of the discharge of the 1755 eruption. Where is this factoid from? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.112.187.114 (talk) 06:37, 3 October 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Total discharge validation

[edit]

Quick check of river discharges:

equals 266,473 m³/s total which is a little less that the external personal link suggested. I have updated the article to remove the external ref but I don't see any purpose in trying to point more directly to the information on the linked pages. I did leave a comment though so others considering adding a cite tag can see what is happening. Efficacious (talk) 22:33, 16 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Name meaning

[edit]

What is the meaning of "Katla"?156.34.190.118 (talk) 13:26, 19 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]

It means "dragon" apparently. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katla_(dragon) 217.83.200.243 (talk) 17:51, 19 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]

No, Astrid Lindgren took the name Katla from the vulkano. Katla comes from the norse word ketill, which also exists in english; kettle. Tthorb (talk) 18:43, 19 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]
Katla means the same as Latvian katls 'pot, saucepan, boiler', the name is such 'cause volcano is like a big pot. Roberts7 20:27, 14 May 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Roberts7 (talkcontribs)

Removing redundancy of Jökull and Glacier

[edit]

This article has several references to Mýrdalsjökull glacier. But in Icelandic jökull means glacier, so this is saying Mýrdals glacier glacier. The article on Mýrdalsjökull is clear, but this article would benefit from changing references that say "Mýrdalsjökull glacier" to "Mýrdals glacier" (which is the phrasing in the 1911 Britannica as well) or just dropping the word glacier. I would like to balance the caution of dealing with a topical subject (Katla may errupt this year) with the Be Bold principle, so I'll leave this comment up for a few days before making the changes so check for reactions. Grhabyt (talk) 17:06, 20 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Not a bad idea, but for the benefit of those who don't know what the Icelandic word means, I'd suggest writing "the Mýrdalsjökull glacier" in the first instance, then just "Mýrdalsjökull" thereafter. Just a thought...Moonraker12 (talk) 17:42, 20 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]

This is a usual problem. Actually, a name is not a noun anymore. You see this kind of thing on american maps using spanish names, english maps using german names, and if I remember it right, on maps of Indonesia and New Guinea as well. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 07:12, 21 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]

I agree that this kind of redundancy happens a lot. But it's generally the exception, not the rule. In this case, I'm looking at clarity and at common usage. Clarity calls for removing the jökull once (as Moonraker12 suggests) its meaning is spelled out. Usage at this stage is mixed. Consistency with the article on Mýrdalsjökull is also important. 94.253.221.163 (talk) 08:40, 22 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]
(Just to clarify this; "removing the jökull once its meaning is spelled out" is the complete opposite of what I suggested, and I'm not best pleased to have my comments taken as corroboration in that way. What I suggested was to write "the Mýrdalsjökull glacier" in the first instance, then just "Mýrdalsjökull" thereafter. Moonraker12 (talk) 15:19, 25 April 2010 (UTC))[reply]
Isn't Mýrdalsjökull the proper name of the glacier? If someone wrote "the town of Strasbourg" it wouldn't be redundant simply on the basis of its name in German containing "bourg" which means "town." It would make no sense to say "the town of Stras" in an english article - I don't think it makes sense to say Mýrdals glacier here. de Bivort 14:48, 22 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]
As I said above, there are many examples of both in English: we say "the city of Strasbourg" or "the city of Birmingham" but we also say "Ho Chi Minh City" not "Thànhphố Hồ Chí Minh City" and "Yellow River" not "Huang He River". I've been looking at lots of examples of common usage in English for this. Prior to 2010, "Mýrdals glacier" was common, especially in academic circles (Britannica uses it, for example) and "Mýrdalsjökull glacier" was also common, mostly in the popular press. But since March, "Mýrdalsjökull glacier" has become much more common in the popular press (though academic reports still dislike it). Wikipedia shouldn't be making its own decisions here, but how much should we be following popular practice versus academic practice and how much use over the last month versus use over the last decade? Grhabyt (talk) 08:26, 25 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]
People must be able to find the article. Common usage rules. Intros with both names versions and redirects should be able to tackle that. --Chris.urs-o (talk) 10:40, 25 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]
An observation: The OP states "This article has several references to Mýrdalsjökull glacier", but on looking, I can only see one; so I'm not sure if I see the merit of this discussion any more. Where exactly is the problem? Moonraker12 (talk) 15:24, 25 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]
Quotes collection: "The majority of the Sierra Blanca range"; "Piz da las Trais Linguas (German: Dreisprachenspitze) meaning Peak of the Three Languages, or Cima Garibaldi, is a mountain"; "Lake Constance (German: Bodensee) is a lake"; "Villeneuve is a village" (Villeneuve is French for "new town"); "The Rhône Glacier (German: Rhonegletscher) is a glacier"; "Mount Agung or Gunung Agung is a mountain"; Mount Taranaki/Egmont (Tara, Maori for Mount); this is not what I wanted to show, but it gives an idea ;) (Tautology (rhetoric)#Repetitions of meaning in mixed-language phrases) --Chris.urs-o (talk) 13:42, 26 April 2010 (UTC)[reply]

26 July minor earthquake swarm

[edit]

Apparently there was a minor earthquake swarm.

more info here EdwardLane (talk) 10:52, 28 July 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Latest rumblings (13 Oct. 2011)

[edit]

This news item [1] is of interest, and documents an uptick in earthquake activity. Not quite ready to add this to the article though, lest we start over-reacting, but it seems prudent to watch this for further action. Jusdafax 03:01, 14 October 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Dyke emplacement question (Nov 2011)

[edit]

I have removed the claim that there was a dyke emplacement during November as it only had a single source. I would prefer to see a second source confirming that claim before it is added to the page. It would be appropriate to add information about the earthquakes that have happened, but I feel we should stick to the evidence and not provide unconfirmed analysis. If anyone does have a second source, preferably official, to provide confirmation of dyke emplacement, please do undo my edit and add that reference. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Minxette (talkcontribs) 12:04, 4 December 2011 (UTC)[reply]

July 2011 confirmed subglacial eruption

[edit]

In 9 July 2011 the possible subglacial eruption of Katla waa confirmed by the Icelandic Meteo Office. It was however a very small eruption, not the one everyone expected. As I live in Iceland, this was widely spoken here, but not in international media. Do you think this should be added to the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Irpsit (talkcontribs) 20:58, 8 January 2012 (UTC)[reply]

That sounds like an excellent item to add if you can find a reliable source discussing it! de Bivort 22:49, 8 January 2012 (UTC)[reply]

As of today, English-language RSs in the 2011 section seem to say talk of 2011 "very small" subglacial eruption is speculative & other processes could account for the surface observations. NewsAndEventsGuy (talk) 15:34, 15 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

[edit]

it covers all earthquakes on iceland and not just near katla. clicking the map changes to full iceland view and clicking on a certain area centers the map on that area. the text should therefore be changed to reflect that.84.212.111.156 (talk) 14:49, 11 October 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Is this link what you have in mind? Myrdalsjokull (note: Katla is under the Mýrdalsjökull glacier) 46.26.18.232 (talk) 17:33, 11 October 2016 (UTC)[reply]
[edit]

Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Katla (volcano). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at {{Sourcecheck}}).

This message was posted before February 2018. After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{source check}} (last update: 5 June 2024).

  • If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with this tool.
  • If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with this tool.

Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 19:09, 10 November 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Eruption in 546-549

[edit]

According to some sources there was a huge eruption between 546 and 549.--Ezzex (talk) 09:37, 24 December 2016 (UTC)[reply]

What sources? Jim1138 (talk) 10:34, 24 December 2016 (UTC)[reply]
[edit]

Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Katla (volcano). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

This message was posted before February 2018. After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{source check}} (last update: 5 June 2024).

  • If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with this tool.
  • If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with this tool.

Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 07:16, 3 May 2017 (UTC)[reply]

I just removed a chunk of the article that primarily talks about Veddie Ash. As you can see there is no article on the matter, so I am unsure how notable it is in relation to volcanos as a whole? If it's readded then it needs expansion, and further explanation/rewriting as the sentences look as if they were cut short at some point. - Knowledgekid87 (talk) 14:29, 23 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

It is thought that Katla is the source of Vedde Ash,[1] more than 6 to 7 cubic kilometers (1+716 to 1+1116 cu mi) of tephra dated to 10,600 years BP[2][3][4][5] found at a number of sites including Vedde in Norway, Denmark, Scotland, and North Atlantic cores.

References

[edit]

References

  1. ^ Housley, R. A.; Lane, C. S.; Cullen, V. L.; Weber, M. -J.; Riede, F.; Gamble, C. S.; Brock, F. (2012-03-01). "Icelandic volcanic ash from the Late-glacial open-air archaeological site of Ahrenshöft LA 58 D, North Germany". Journal of Archaeological Science. 39 (3): 708–716. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.11.003.
  2. ^ "Katla Volcano". Institute of Earth Sciences. University of Iceland. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
  3. ^ Mangerud, J., Lie, S.V., Furned, H., Kristiansen, I.L., Lømo, L. (1984) A Younger Dryas Ash Bed in Western Norway, and Its Possible Correlations with Tephra in Cores from the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic. Quaternary Research 21 85–104
  4. ^ Grönvold, K.; Oskarsson N.; Johnsen S.J.; Clausen H.B.; Hammer C.U.; Bond G.; Bard E. (1995). "Ash layers from Iceland in the Greenland GRIP ice core correlated with oceanic and land sediments". Earth Planet Sci Lett. 135 (1–4): 149–155. Bibcode:1995E&PSL.135..149G. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(95)00145-3.
  5. ^ Árni Hjartarson (2003), "Postglacial Lava Production in Iceland" (PDF), in Árni Hjartarson (ed.), PhD-thesis, Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen, pp. 95–108[dead link]