Amphilochus I of Argos: Difference between revisions
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{{hatnote|Not to be confused with his nephew [[Amphilochus (son of Alcmaeon)|Amphilochus, son of Alcmaeon]].}} |
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{{short description|Ancient Greek mythological figure}} |
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In [[Greek mythology]], '''Amphilochus''' ([[Ancient Greek]]: Ἀμφίλοχος ''Amphílokhos'') was an [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argive]] [[hero (Greek religion)|hero]] and one of the [[Epigoni]]. |
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Eriphyle persuaded Amphiaraus to take part in the [[Seven Against Thebes]] raid, though he knew he would die. She had been persuaded by [[Polynices]], who offered her the necklace of [[Harmonia (Greek goddess)|Harmonia]], daughter of [[Aphrodite]] and [[Ares]]. Amphiaraus reluctantly agreed to join the fatal battle and asked his sons, Alcmaeon and Amphilochus, to avenge his foreseen death. In the battle, Amphiaraus sought to flee from [[Periclymenus]], the son of [[Poseidon]], who wanted to kill him, but [[Zeus]] threw his thunder and the earth opened to swallow Amphiaraus together with his chariot. Alcmaeon killed his mother and exiled himself. |
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== Family == |
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[[Argive]] Amphilochus was a prominent seer, and founded several [[oracle]]s, most importantly at [[Mallus]], a pre-Greek site in [[Cilicia]],<ref>[[Alexander the Great]] was persuaded of a Greek founding for Mallus; see [[Arrian]], ''Anabasis'', 2.5.9.</ref> and, acting with his half-brother [[Mopsus]], the oracle of [[Apollo]] at [[Colophon (city)|Colophon]] in [[Lydia]]. According to [[Herodotus]], Amphilochus travelled farther east and founded a [[Posideion]] just beyond the mountain-pass "gate" in the Amanus between Cilicia and Syria.<ref>Herodotus, 3.91.7; for the disputed location of this Posideion, see Robin Lane Fox, ''Travelling Heroes in the Epic Age of Homer'', 2008:79ff.</ref> |
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== Mythology == |
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Amphilochus is named among the suitors of [[Helen]] in some accounts.<ref>Gantz, p. 566.</ref> After the [[Trojan War]], according to Thucydides (2.68), not caring for the situation in [[Argos]], he founded "[[Amphilochian Argos]] and the whole region of [[Amphilochia]]" on the [[Ambracian Gulf]], a non-Greek settlement later Hellenized by its [[Ambraciot]] neighbors. Also after the Trojan War, he may have been killed either by [[Apollo]], or by his half-brother [[Mopsus]], whom he reciprocally killed in single combat; however, these myths may concern his nephew, [[Amphilochus (son of Alcmaeon)|also named Amphilochus]].<ref>Apollodorus. ''Library'', 3.10.8.</ref> |
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Eriphyle, bribed by [[Polynices]] with the necklace of the goddess [[Harmonia (Greek goddess)|Harmonia]], persuaded her husband Amphiaraus to join the expedition of the [[Seven against Thebes]]. Amphiaraus, knowing that he would die in the battle, reluctantly agreed to go but asked his two sons to avenge his foreseen death. At Thebes, Amphiaraus ended up in combat with [[Periclymenus]], a demigod son of [[Poseidon]]. He attempted to flee but the god [[Zeus]] threw a bolt of lightning which opened the earth beneath him, swallowing the Argive and his chariot. Amphilochus's brother Alcmaeon then slew his mother and exiled himself from the kingdom. |
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As king of [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]], Amphilochus was sometimes named among [[Helen of Troy|Helen]]'s suitors.<ref>Gantz, p. 566.</ref><ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.10.8 3.10.8].</ref> |
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After the [[Trojan War]], he was generally said to have abandoned his former realm and to have eventually settled the territory along the [[Ambracian Gulf]], which became known as [[Amphilochia]] in his honor. Its capital was a second Argos, which is distinguished as the [[Amphilochian Argos]].<ref>Thucydides, 2.68.</ref> (Others credit this settlement to [[Amphilochus (son of Alcmaeon)|his nephew]].)<ref name=apo/> In fact, the area seems to have been a non-Greek settlement that was later Hellenized by its [[Ambraciot]] neighbors (reference required). |
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==Sources== |
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*Gantz, Timothy. ''Early Greek Myth''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. |
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Like his father before him, Amphilochus had a reputation as a [[Oracle|seer]] and was also credited with founding several [[oracle]]s. The most important was at [[Mallus (city)|Mallus]] in [[Cilicia]],<ref>[[Arrian]], ''Anabasis'', 2.5.9.</ref> although this also seems to have been a pre-Greek settlement. Another was the oracle of [[Apollo]] at [[Colophon (city)|Colophon]] in [[Lydia]], which Amphilochus was said to have founded with his half-brother [[Mopsus]], the son of Amphiaraus and [[Manto (mythology)|Manto]]. [[Herodotus]] also credited Amphilochus with the establishment of [[Posideium]] on Syria's Cilician border.<ref>[[Herodotus]], ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]]'' 3.91.7</ref> |
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Amphilochus was variously said to have been killed by Apollo or to have simultaneously killed and been killed by his half-brother Mopsus. Either story was also sometimes ascribed to [[Amphilochus (son of Alcmaeon)|his nephew]] instead.<ref name="apo">[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.10.8 3.10.8].</ref> |
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==Notes== |
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*[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website]. |
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*[[Timothy Gantz|Gantz, Timothy]], ''Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources'', Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5360-9}} (Vol. 1), {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5362-3}} (Vol. 2). |
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*[[Herodotus]], ''The Histories'' with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920. [https://topostext.org/work/22 Online version at the Topos Text Project.] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0125 Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library]. |
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{{Subject bar |portal=Ancient Greece|portal2=Myths}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Epigoni]] |
[[Category:Epigoni]] |
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[[Category:Achaean Leaders]] |
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[[Category:Kings of Argos]] |
[[Category:Kings of Argos]] |
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[[Category:Achaeans (Homer)]] |
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[[bg:Амфилох]] |
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[[ca:Amfíloc (mitologia)]] |
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[[de:Amphilochos (Sohn des Amphiaraos)]] |
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[[et:Amphilochos]] |
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[[el:Αμφίλοχος]] |
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[[es:Anfíloco]] |
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[[fr:Amphiloque fils d'Amphiaraos]] |
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[[it:Anfiloco]] |
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[[ru:Амфилох]] |
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[[fi:Amfilokhos (Amfiaraoksen poika)]] |
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[[uk:Амфілох]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:16, 7 September 2024
In Greek mythology, Amphilochus (Ancient Greek: Ἀμφίλοχος Amphílokhos) was an Argive hero and one of the Epigoni.
Family
[edit]Amphilochus was the son of Amphiaraus and Eriphyle and the younger brother of Alcmaeon.
Mythology
[edit]Eriphyle, bribed by Polynices with the necklace of the goddess Harmonia, persuaded her husband Amphiaraus to join the expedition of the Seven against Thebes. Amphiaraus, knowing that he would die in the battle, reluctantly agreed to go but asked his two sons to avenge his foreseen death. At Thebes, Amphiaraus ended up in combat with Periclymenus, a demigod son of Poseidon. He attempted to flee but the god Zeus threw a bolt of lightning which opened the earth beneath him, swallowing the Argive and his chariot. Amphilochus's brother Alcmaeon then slew his mother and exiled himself from the kingdom.
As king of Argos, Amphilochus was sometimes named among Helen's suitors.[1][2]
After the Trojan War, he was generally said to have abandoned his former realm and to have eventually settled the territory along the Ambracian Gulf, which became known as Amphilochia in his honor. Its capital was a second Argos, which is distinguished as the Amphilochian Argos.[3] (Others credit this settlement to his nephew.)[4] In fact, the area seems to have been a non-Greek settlement that was later Hellenized by its Ambraciot neighbors (reference required).
Like his father before him, Amphilochus had a reputation as a seer and was also credited with founding several oracles. The most important was at Mallus in Cilicia,[5] although this also seems to have been a pre-Greek settlement. Another was the oracle of Apollo at Colophon in Lydia, which Amphilochus was said to have founded with his half-brother Mopsus, the son of Amphiaraus and Manto. Herodotus also credited Amphilochus with the establishment of Posideium on Syria's Cilician border.[6]
Amphilochus was variously said to have been killed by Apollo or to have simultaneously killed and been killed by his half-brother Mopsus. Either story was also sometimes ascribed to his nephew instead.[4]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Gantz, p. 566.
- ^ Apollodorus, 3.10.8.
- ^ Thucydides, 2.68.
- ^ a b Apollodorus, 3.10.8.
- ^ Arrian, Anabasis, 2.5.9.
- ^ Herodotus, The Histories 3.91.7
References
[edit]- Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-3 (Vol. 2).
- Herodotus, The Histories with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Amphilochus". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
