Jump to content

Amorpha fruticosa: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Weepingraf (talk | contribs)
326 edits
mNo edit summary
Updated taxobox to follow POWO
 
(93 intermediate revisions by 56 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the pea family}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
|name = ''Amorpha fruticosa''
| image = Amorpha fruticosa 05.JPG
| image_caption =
|image = Amorpha fruticosa 05.JPG
| status = {{TNCStatus}}
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| status_system = TNC
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| status_ref = <ref name="NatureServe">{{cite web |last1=NatureServe |title=''Amorpha fruticosa'' |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.142660/Amorpha_fruticosa |access-date=12 April 2024 |location=Arlington, Virginia |date=2024}}</ref>
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| genus = Amorpha
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
| species = fruticosa
|ordo = [[Fabales]]
|familia = [[Fabaceae]]
| authority = [[L.]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO">{{cite POWO |id=11421-2 |title=''Amorpha fruticosa'' L. |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref>
|subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
| synonyms = {{Collapsible list | {{Species list
|genus = ''[[Amorpha]]''
| Amorpha angustifolia | (Pursh) Boynton (1902)
|species = '''''A. fruitcosa'''''
|binomial = ''Amorpha fruticosa''
| Amorpha arizonica | Rydb. (1919)
| Amorpha bushii | Rydb. (1919)
|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| Amorpha caroliniana | Croom (1834)
|synonyms = ''Amorpha angustifolia''<br>''Amorpha bushii''<br>''Amorpha croceolanata''<br>''Amorpha curtissii''<br>''Amorpha dewinkeleri''<br>''Amorpha occidentalis''<br>''Amorpha tennesseensis''<br>''Amorpha virgata''
| Amorpha coerulea | Lodd. (1830)
|}}
| Amorpha colorata | Raf. (1840)
'''''Amorpha fruticosa''''' is a species of flowering plant in the [[Fabaceae|legume family]] known by several common names, including '''desert false indigo''' and '''bastard indigobush'''. It is found throughout eastern Canada, northern Mexico, and most of the continental United States, but it is probably [[introduced species|naturalized]] in western areas. It is also present as an introduced species in Europe, Asia, and other continents. It is often cultivated as an [[ornamental plant]] and some wild populations may be descended from garden escapees.
| Amorpha croceolanata | P.Watson (1825)
| Amorpha curtisii | Rydb. (1919)
| Amorpha dewinkeleri | Small (1933)
| Amorpha discolor | Raf. (1840)
| Amorpha elata | Hayne (1822)
| Amorpha emarginata | (Pursh) Sweet (1826)
| Amorpha emarginata | Eastw. (1931)
| Amorpha flexuosa | Raf. (1840)
| Amorpha fragrans | Sweet (1828)
| Amorpha gaertneri | K.Koch (1869)
| Amorpha gardneri | K.Koch (1869)
| Amorpha glauca | Raf. (1840)
| Amorpha herbacea | Schltdl. (1848)
| Amorpha humilis | Tausch (1838)
| Amorpha lewisii | Lodd. ex Loudon (1839)
| Amorpha ludwigii | K.Koch (1869)
| Amorpha macrophylla | Raf. (1840)
| Amorpha mimosifolia | Voss (1894)
| Amorpha nonperforata | Schkuhr (1796)
| Amorpha occidentalis | Abrams (1910)
| Amorpha ornata | Wender. (1835)
| Amorpha pendula | Carrière (1868)
| Amorpha perforata | Schkuhr (1796)
| Amorpha pubescens | Schltdl. (1851)
| Amorpha pumila | Schltdl. (1848)
| Amorpha sensitiva | Voss (1894)
| Amorpha tenesseensis | Shuttlew. (1848)
| Amorpha verrucosa | Raf. (1840)
| Amorpha virgata | Small (1894)
| Monosemeion obliquatum | Raf. (1840)
}}
}}
}}


'''''Amorpha fruticosa''''' is a species of flowering plant in the legume family [[Fabaceae]], known by several common names, including '''desert false indigo''', '''false indigo-bush''', and '''bastard indigobush'''.<ref name = GRIN>{{GRIN}}</ref> It is [[native species|native]] to North America.

==Description==
''Amorpha fruticosa'' is a perennial shrub.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin|url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=amfr|access-date=2022-01-06|website=www.wildflower.org}}</ref> It grows as a glandular, thornless [[shrub]] which can reach {{cvt|5|or|6|m|sp=us}} in height and spread to twice that in width. It is somewhat variable in morphology. The leaves are made up of many hairy, oval-shaped, spine-tipped [[leaflet (botany)|leaflets]]. The [[inflorescence]] is a spike-shaped [[raceme]] of many flowers, each with a single purple [[petal]] and ten protruding [[stamen]]s with yellow [[anther]]s. The fruit is a [[legume]] pod containing one or two seeds.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Western False Indigo, Amorpha fruticosa|url=https://calscape.org/Amorpha-fruticosa-()|url-status=live|website=calscape.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216142608/http://calscape.org/Amorpha-fruticosa-() |archive-date=2017-12-16 }}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
The native range extends through much of the United States and south into Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amorpha fruticosa L. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:11421-2 |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref> Its native habitats include stream and pond edges, open woods, roadsides and canyons.<ref name=":0" />

The species has escaped cultivation elsewhere and is present as an [[introduced species]] in [[Europe]],<ref>{{cite book |author= DAISIE |year= 2009 |title= Handbook of Alien Species in Europe |publisher= Springer |location= Dordrecht |pages= 399 |isbn= 978-1-4020-8279-5}}</ref> Asia, and other continents. It is often cultivated as an [[ornamental plant]], and some wild populations may be descended from garden escapes.
[[Image:Amorpha fruticosa-flowers.jpg|thumb|left|Flowers]]
[[Image:Amorpha fruticosa-flowers.jpg|thumb|left|Flowers]]
''A. fruticosa'' grows as a glandular, thornless [[shrub]] which can reach 5 or 6 meters in height and spread to twice that in width. It is somewhat variable in morphology. The leaves are made up of many hairy, oval-shaped, spine-tipped [[leaflet]]s. The [[inflorescence]] is a spike-shaped [[raceme]] of many flowers, each with a single purple petal and ten protruding [[stamen]]s with yellow anthers. The fruit is a [[legume]] pod containing one or two seeds.


==Chemistry==
[[6'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-12a-hydroxydalpanol]], a [[rotenoid]], can be found in the fruits of ''A. fruticosa''<ref>Effect of new rotenoid glycoside from the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa LINNE on the growth of human immune cells. Hak Ju Lee, Ha Young Kang, Cheol Hee Kim, Hyo Sung Kim, Min Chul Kwon, Sang Moo Kim, Il Shik Shin and Hyeon Yong Lee, Cytotechnology, Volume 52, Number 3, 219-226, {{doi|10.1007/s10616-006-9040-5}}</ref>.
[[6'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-12a-hydroxydalpanol]], a [[rotenoid]], can be found in the fruits of ''A. fruticosa''.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Effect of new rotenoid glycoside from the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa LINNE on the growth of human immune cells |author=Hak Ju Lee |author2=Ha Young Kang |author3=Cheol Hee Kim |author4=Hyo Sung Kim |author5=Min Chul Kwon |author6=Sang Moo Kim |author7=Il Shik Shin |author8=Hyeon Yong Lee |journal=Cytotechnology |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=219–226 |doi=10.1007/s10616-006-9040-5|pmc=3449409 |year=2007 |pmid=19002880}}</ref> Several members of the [[amorfrutin]] class of compounds have been isolated from the fruits.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1116971109| title = Amorfrutins are potent antidiabetic dietary natural products| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume = 109| issue = 19| pages = 7257–62| year = 2012| last1 = Weidner| first1 = C.| last2 = De Groot| first2 = J. C.| last3 = Prasad| first3 = A.| last4 = Freiwald| first4 = A.| last5 = Quedenau| first5 = C.| last6 = Kliem| first6 = M.| last7 = Witzke| first7 = A.| last8 = Kodelja| first8 = V.| last9 = Han| first9 = C.-T.| last10 = Giegold| first10 = S.| last11 = Baumann| first11 = M.| last12 = Klebl| first12 = B.| last13 = Siems| first13 = K.| last14 = Muller-Kuhrt| first14 = L.| last15 = Schurmann| first15 = A.| last16 = Schuler| first16 = R.| last17 = Pfeiffer| first17 = A. F. H.| last18 = Schroeder| first18 = F. C.| last19 = Bussow| first19 = K.| last20 = Sauer| first20 = S.| bibcode = 2012PNAS..109.7257W| pmid=22509006| pmc=3358853| url = http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:1694931/component/escidoc:1694930/PNAS-2012-Weidner-1116971109.pdf| doi-access = free}}</ref> Amorfrutins as well as other [[secondary metabolites]] from ''A. fruticosa'' have displayed favorable bioactivities counteracting diabetes and the [[metabolic syndrome]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kozuharova |first=E|last2=Matkowski |first2=A|last3=Woźniak |first3=D|last4=Simeonova |first4=R|last5=Naychov |first5=Z|last6=Malainer |first6=C|last7=Mocan |first7=A|last8=Nabavi |first8=SM|last9=Atanasov |first9=AG |title=Amorpha fruticosa - A Noxious Invasive Alien Plant in Europe or a Medicinal Plant against Metabolic Disease? |journal=Frontiers in Pharmacology |date=June 8, 2017 |volume=8 |page=333 |doi=10.3389/fphar.2017.00333 |pmid=28642702 |pmc=5462938|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Ecology==
It is a larval host to the [[clouded sulphur]], [[gray hairstreak]], [[hoary edge]], [[Io moth]], [[Leptotes marina|marine blue]], [[Epargyreus clarus|silver-spotted skipper]], and [[southern dogface]].<ref>The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.</ref> The plentiful seeds are a food source for [[northern bobwhite | bobwhite quail]]. Both bees and butterflies use the flowers as a nectar source.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kurz |first1=Don |title=Shrubs and Woody Vines of Missouri |date=2004 |publisher=Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri |isbn=1-887247-44-0 |pages=48 |edition=Second}}</ref>


{{clearleft}}
{{clear left}}


==Cultivars==
==Cultivars==
* 'Albiflora', with white flowers.
* 'Albiflora', with white flowers
* 'Crispa', with curled leaves.
* 'Crispa', with curled leaves
* 'Lewisii', with narrow leaves.
* 'Lewisii', with narrow leaves
* [[Amorpha fruticosa 'Pendula'|'Pendula']], with arching branches, forming an dome shape.
* [[Amorpha fruticosa 'Pendula'|'Pendula']], with arching branches, forming a dome shape


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{commons-inline}}
{{Commons-inline}}
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3691,3713,3717 Jepson Manual Treatment]
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3691,3713,3717 Jepson Manual Treatment]
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=AMFR USDA Plants Profile]
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=AMFR USDA Plants Profile]
*{{GRIN}}
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?2937 GRIN Species Profile]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140221220230/http://libproject.hkbu.edu.hk/was40/detail?lang=en&channelid=1288&searchword=herb_id%3DD00549 Amorpha fruticosa L.] Medicinal Plant Images Database (School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University) {{in lang|zh-hant}} {{in lang|en}}
*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Amorpha+fruticosa Photo gallery]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q157983}}


[[Category:Amorpha|fruticosa]]
{{Fabaceae-stub}}
[[Category:Flora of Eastern Canada]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Flora of the United States]]


[[Category:Faboideae]]
[[Category:Flora of Canada]]
[[Category:Flora of the Eastern United States]]
[[Category:Flora of Northwestern Mexico]]
[[Category:Flora of Northeastern Mexico]]
[[Category:Flora of North Dakota]]
[[Category:Flora of Alabama]]
[[Category:Invasive plant species]]
[[Category:Invasive plant species in Europe]]


{{Faboideae-stub}}
[[ko:족제비싸리]]
[[it:Amorpha fruticosa]]
[[lt:Krūminė amorfa]]
[[hu:Gyalogakác]]
[[pl:Amorfa krzewiasta]]
[[ro:Amorfă arbustivă]]
[[ru:Аморфа кустарниковая]]
[[uk:Аморфа кущова]]

Latest revision as of 18:01, 12 April 2024

Amorpha fruticosa

Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Amorpha
Species:
A. fruticosa
Binomial name
Amorpha fruticosa
Synonyms[2]
List
    • Amorpha angustifolia (Pursh) Boynton (1902)
    • Amorpha arizonica Rydb. (1919)
    • Amorpha bushii Rydb. (1919)
    • Amorpha caroliniana Croom (1834)
    • Amorpha coerulea Lodd. (1830)
    • Amorpha colorata Raf. (1840)
    • Amorpha croceolanata P.Watson (1825)
    • Amorpha curtisii Rydb. (1919)
    • Amorpha dewinkeleri Small (1933)
    • Amorpha discolor Raf. (1840)
    • Amorpha elata Hayne (1822)
    • Amorpha emarginata (Pursh) Sweet (1826)
    • Amorpha emarginata Eastw. (1931)
    • Amorpha flexuosa Raf. (1840)
    • Amorpha fragrans Sweet (1828)
    • Amorpha gaertneri K.Koch (1869)
    • Amorpha gardneri K.Koch (1869)
    • Amorpha glauca Raf. (1840)
    • Amorpha herbacea Schltdl. (1848)
    • Amorpha humilis Tausch (1838)
    • Amorpha lewisii Lodd. ex Loudon (1839)
    • Amorpha ludwigii K.Koch (1869)
    • Amorpha macrophylla Raf. (1840)
    • Amorpha mimosifolia Voss (1894)
    • Amorpha nonperforata Schkuhr (1796)
    • Amorpha occidentalis Abrams (1910)
    • Amorpha ornata Wender. (1835)
    • Amorpha pendula Carrière (1868)
    • Amorpha perforata Schkuhr (1796)
    • Amorpha pubescens Schltdl. (1851)
    • Amorpha pumila Schltdl. (1848)
    • Amorpha sensitiva Voss (1894)
    • Amorpha tenesseensis Shuttlew. (1848)
    • Amorpha verrucosa Raf. (1840)
    • Amorpha virgata Small (1894)
    • Monosemeion obliquatum Raf. (1840)

Amorpha fruticosa is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae, known by several common names, including desert false indigo, false indigo-bush, and bastard indigobush.[3] It is native to North America.

Description

[edit]

Amorpha fruticosa is a perennial shrub.[4] It grows as a glandular, thornless shrub which can reach 5 or 6 m (16 or 20 ft) in height and spread to twice that in width. It is somewhat variable in morphology. The leaves are made up of many hairy, oval-shaped, spine-tipped leaflets. The inflorescence is a spike-shaped raceme of many flowers, each with a single purple petal and ten protruding stamens with yellow anthers. The fruit is a legume pod containing one or two seeds.[5]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

The native range extends through much of the United States and south into Mexico.[6] Its native habitats include stream and pond edges, open woods, roadsides and canyons.[4]

The species has escaped cultivation elsewhere and is present as an introduced species in Europe,[7] Asia, and other continents. It is often cultivated as an ornamental plant, and some wild populations may be descended from garden escapes.

Flowers

Chemistry

[edit]

6'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-12a-hydroxydalpanol, a rotenoid, can be found in the fruits of A. fruticosa.[8] Several members of the amorfrutin class of compounds have been isolated from the fruits.[9] Amorfrutins as well as other secondary metabolites from A. fruticosa have displayed favorable bioactivities counteracting diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.[10]

Ecology

[edit]

It is a larval host to the clouded sulphur, gray hairstreak, hoary edge, Io moth, marine blue, silver-spotted skipper, and southern dogface.[11] The plentiful seeds are a food source for bobwhite quail. Both bees and butterflies use the flowers as a nectar source.[12]

Cultivars

[edit]
  • 'Albiflora', with white flowers
  • 'Crispa', with curled leaves
  • 'Lewisii', with narrow leaves
  • 'Pendula', with arching branches, forming a dome shape

References

[edit]
  1. ^ NatureServe (2024). "Amorpha fruticosa". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Amorpha fruticosa L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Amorpha fruticosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
  4. ^ a b "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
  5. ^ "Western False Indigo, Amorpha fruticosa". calscape.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-16.
  6. ^ "Amorpha fruticosa L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
  7. ^ DAISIE (2009). Handbook of Alien Species in Europe. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 399. ISBN 978-1-4020-8279-5.
  8. ^ Hak Ju Lee; Ha Young Kang; Cheol Hee Kim; Hyo Sung Kim; Min Chul Kwon; Sang Moo Kim; Il Shik Shin; Hyeon Yong Lee (2007). "Effect of new rotenoid glycoside from the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa LINNE on the growth of human immune cells". Cytotechnology. 52 (3): 219–226. doi:10.1007/s10616-006-9040-5. PMC 3449409. PMID 19002880.
  9. ^ Weidner, C.; De Groot, J. C.; Prasad, A.; Freiwald, A.; Quedenau, C.; Kliem, M.; Witzke, A.; Kodelja, V.; Han, C.-T.; Giegold, S.; Baumann, M.; Klebl, B.; Siems, K.; Muller-Kuhrt, L.; Schurmann, A.; Schuler, R.; Pfeiffer, A. F. H.; Schroeder, F. C.; Bussow, K.; Sauer, S. (2012). "Amorfrutins are potent antidiabetic dietary natural products" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (19): 7257–62. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.7257W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116971109. PMC 3358853. PMID 22509006.
  10. ^ Kozuharova, E; Matkowski, A; Woźniak, D; Simeonova, R; Naychov, Z; Malainer, C; Mocan, A; Nabavi, SM; Atanasov, AG (June 8, 2017). "Amorpha fruticosa - A Noxious Invasive Alien Plant in Europe or a Medicinal Plant against Metabolic Disease?". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 8: 333. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00333. PMC 5462938. PMID 28642702.
  11. ^ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
  12. ^ Kurz, Don (2004). Shrubs and Woody Vines of Missouri (Second ed.). Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. p. 48. ISBN 1-887247-44-0.
[edit]

Media related to Amorpha fruticosa at Wikimedia Commons


Stub icon

This Faboideae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Amorpha_fruticosa&oldid=1218602490"