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{{Short description|Defunct German car brand}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
|company_name = Horch AG
|name = Horch AG
|company_logo = [[File:BSG-ZSG Horch.svg|90px]]
|logo = BSG-ZSG Horch.svg
|logo_size = 90px
|foundation = 1904
|foundation = 1904
|defunct = 1932, (part of [[Auto Union]])
|fate = merged with [[DKW]], [[Wanderer (car)|Wanderer]], and [[Audi]] to form [[Auto Union]]
|defunct = 1932<br>1959
|successor = Auto Union (1932–1969)<br>Audi NSU Auto Union (1969–1985)<br>Audi AG (1985–present)
|location = [[Zwickau]], [[Saxony]], [[Germany]]
|location = [[Zwickau]], [[Saxony]], [[Germany]]
|industry = [[Automotive]]
|industry = [[Automotive]]
|key_people = [[August Horch]], founder
|key_people = [[August Horch]], founder
|products = [[Automobiles]]
|products = [[Luxury cars]]
|parent =
|parent =
}}
}}
[[File:Charles de Gaulle's 1936 Horch 830 BL convertible, Bundeswehr Military History Museum, Dresden.jpg|thumb|[[Charles de Gaulle]]'s 1936 Horch 830 BL convertible, Bundeswehr Military History Museum, Dresden]]


'''Horch''' was a car brand manufactured in [[Germany]] by '''August Horch & Cie''', at the beginning of the 20th century.
'''Horch''' ({{IPA|de|hɔʁç|-|De-Horch.ogg}}) was a German car manufacturer, which traced its roots to several companies founded in the very late 19th and early 20th century by [[August Horch]].


It is one of the predecessors of the present day [[Audi]] company, which itself resulted from the [[NSU Motorenwerke#Volkswagen Group takeover|merger]] of [[Auto Union]] [[Aktiengesellschaft]] (AG) and [[NSU Motorenwerke]] in 1969. Auto Union AG in turn was formed in 1932, following the [[Audi#The merger of the four companies under the logo of four rings|merger]] of Horch, [[DKW]], [[Wanderer (car)|Wanderer]] and the original Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau, established by August Horch in 1910.
⚫
==History at a Glance==
⚫
[[Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-T1129-501, August Horch in Horch-PKW.jpg|thumb|August Horch in his car (1908)]]
⚫
[[Image:Horch Kühlerfigur.jpg|thumb|Horch [[hood ornament]] (1924)]]
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[[Image:Horch 830 bl 1938.JPG|thumb|Horch hood ornament (1930)]]
⚫
[[Image:Horch 670 v.jpg|thumb|Horch 670, 12 cylinders luxus cabriolet (1932)]]
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[[Image:MHV Auto-Union Typ C 1936 01.jpg|thumb|Auto-Union Typ C (1936)]]
⚫
[[Image:Horch-853-sport-cabriolet.jpg|thumb|1938 Horch 853 Sport Cabriolet (1938)]]
[[Image:Horch 930V Phaeton 1939.jpg|thumb|Horch 930 V Phaeton (1939)]]


In 2021, Audi reused the Horch name as a flagship trim level for the [[Audi A8]] in China to compete with the [[Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)|Mercedes-Maybach S-Class]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Audi A8 L Horch Breaks Cover Ahead Of Chinese Debut Next Month|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/544323/audi-a8-l-horch-debut/|access-date=2021-10-30|website=Motor1.com|language=en}}</ref>
⚫
The company was established first by [[August Horch]] and his first business partner Salli Herz on November 14, 1899 at [[Ehrenfeld, Cologne]].<ref>August Horch: "Ich baute Autos - Vom Schmiedelehrling zum Autoindustriellen", Schützen-Verlag Berlin 1937</ref> August Horch was a former production manager for [[Karl Benz]]. Three years later in 1902 he moved with his company to [[Reichenbach im Vogtland]]. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the '''Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG''', a joint-stock company in [[Zwickau]] (State of [[Saxony]]). The city of [[Zwickau]] was the capital of the South Western Saxon County and one of Saxony's industrial centres at the time.


⚫
==History at a glance==
⚫
On July 16, 1909, August Horch, after troubles with Horch chief financial officer, founded his second company, the '''August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH''' in Zwickau. He had to rename his new company because ''Horch'' was already a registred brand and he did not hold the rights on it. On April 25, 1910 the brand '''[[Audi]]''' was entered in the company's register of Zwickau registration court. ''Audi'' is the Latin translation of ''horch'', the imperative form of the German verb ''hören'' ("to hear"). The Audi name was proposed by a son of one of his business partners from Zwickau.<ref>Audi AG motion picture 1994: "The Silver Arrows from Zwickau", running time approx. 49 mins.</ref>
⚫
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-T1129-501, August Horch in Horch-PKW.jpg|thumb|[[August Horch]] in his car (1908)]]
⚫
[[File:Horch Kühlerfigur.jpg|thumb|Horch [[hood ornament]] (1924)]]
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[[File:Horch 670 v.jpg|thumb|Horch 670, 12-cylinder luxury cabriolet (1932)]]
⚫
[[File:Horch 930V Phaeton 1939.jpg|thumb|Horch 930 V Phaeton (1939)]]


⚫
[[August Horch]] and his first business partner Salli Herz established the company on November 14, 1899 in the district of [[Ehrenfeld, Cologne]] in Cologne.<ref>August Horch: "Ich baute Autos - Vom Schmiedelehrling zum Autoindustriellen", Schützen-Verlag Berlin 1937</ref> August Horch had previously worked as a [[production manager (industry)|production manager]] for [[Karl Benz]]. Three years later, in 1902, he moved the company to [[Reichenbach im Vogtland]]. On May 10, 1904 he founded the '''Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG''', a joint-stock company in [[Zwickau]] ([[Kingdom of Saxony]]). The city of Zwickau was the capital of the South Western Saxon County and one of [[Saxony]]'s industrial centres at that time.
⚫
Both companies from Zwickau (Horch and Audi) were unified in 1932 with [[Dampf-Kraft-Wagen|DKW]] and [[Wanderer (car)|Wanderer]] to Saxony's [[Auto Union]] corporation. The [[Silver Arrows|Silver Arrow]] racing cars of the Auto Union racing team in Zwickau, developed by [[Ferdinand Porsche]] and [[Robert Eberan von Eberhorst]], driven by [[Bernd Rosemeyer]], [[Hans Stuck]], [[Tazio Nuvolari]], [[Ernst von Delius]], were known the world over in the 1930s.

⚫
After troubles with the Horch chief financial officer, August Horch founded a second company on 16 July 1909, the '''August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH''' in Zwickau. He had to rename the company because ''Horch'' was already a registered brand and he did not hold the rights to the name. On 25 April 1910 the name [[Audi|Audi Automobilwerke]] was entered in the company's register at the Zwickau registration court. ''Audi'' is the Latin translation of ''horch'', from the German verb "horchen", which means "listen!" (compare English "hark"). The Audi name was proposed by a son of one of Horch's business partners from Zwickau.<ref>Audi AG motion picture 1994: 'The Silver Arrows from Zwickau'', running time approx. 49 mins.</ref>

⚫
In 1932 both companies from Zwickau (Horch and Audi) merged with Zschopauer Motorenwerke [[Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen|J. S. Rasmussen]] (the [[DKW]] brand) and the [[Wanderer (car)|Wanderer]] car-production facilities to become the [[Auto Union]] corporation of Saxony. The [[Silver Arrows|Silver Arrow]] racing cars of the Auto Union racing team in Zwickau—developed by [[Ferdinand Porsche]] and [[Robert Eberan von Eberhorst]], and driven by [[Bernd Rosemeyer]], [[Hans Stuck]], [[Tazio Nuvolari]] and [[Ernst von Delius]]—became known the world over in the 1930s.


==Initial cars==
==Initial cars==
The company initially began producing {{convert|5|hp|kW PS|lk=on|abbr=on}} and {{convert|10|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}} twin-cylinder engine automobiles near [[Cologne]] in 1901.
The company initially began producing {{convert|5|hp|kW PS|lk=in|abbr=on}} and {{convert|10|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}} twin-cylinder engine automobiles near [[Cologne]] in 1901.


The first Horch had a {{convert|4.5|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}} engine, with an alloy crankcase, a unique achievement in those days. It had an open-body design, with lighting provided by lanterns with candles in them. In contrast with the powerful cars of later years, the first Horch could barely reach a top speed of {{convert|32|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. It was significant at that time because it used a friction clutch, and also had a drive shaft to power the wheels.
The first Horch had a {{convert|4.5|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}} engine, with an alloy crankcase, a unique achievement in those days. It had an open-body design, with lighting provided by lanterns containing candles. In contrast with the powerful cars of later years, the first Horch could barely reach a top speed of {{convert|32|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. It was significant at that time because it used a friction clutch, and had a drive shaft providing power to the wheels.


The firm soon ran into financial troubles, not surprising considering the pioneering nature of the automobile business at that time. Horch had to seek new partners.
The firm soon encountered financial difficulty, and Horch sought new partners.


On March 1902, August Horch produced a {{convert|20|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}} four-cylinder car with a shaft drive in Reichenbach in Vogtland. Horch cars were considered{{By whom|date=April 2010}} more advanced and superior to those being then built by [[Mercedes (car)|Mercedes]] or [[Benz & Cie.|Benz]] (who were then separate manufacturers).
In March 1902, August Horch produced a {{convert|20|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}} four-cylinder car with a shaft drive in Reichenbach in Vogtland. Horch cars were considered{{By whom|date=April 2010}} more advanced to those being built by [[Mercedes (car)|Mercedes]] or [[Benz & Cie.|Benz]] (who were then separate manufacturers).


By 1903, Horch had built a car with a four-cylinder engine. In March of the following year, he introduced his new car at the [[Frankfurt]] Fair.
By 1903, Horch had built a car with a four-cylinder engine. In March of the following year, he introduced his new car at the [[Frankfurt]] Fair.


In 1904, August Horch developed the first six-cylinder engine, which appeared in 1907. In 1906 a Horch automobile driven by Dr. Rudolf Stöss from Zwickau won the Herkomer Competition (equivalent to a 'brand-name' world championship at the time). In the 1920s, Moritz Stauss, a cosmopolitan Berliner, was the principal stockholder of the Horch company. He succeeded in making the Horch brand highly desirable by introducing art into the advertising of their products. He recognized that only a brand emphasising Horch's unique characteristics would be successful.
In 1904, August Horch developed the first six-cylinder engine, which appeared in 1907. In 1906 a Horch automobile driven by Dr. Rudolf Stöss from Zwickau won the Herkomer Competition (equivalent to a 'brand-name' world championship at the time). In the 1920s, Moritz Stauss, a cosmopolitan Berliner, was the principal stockholder of the Horch company. He succeeded in making the Horch brand highly desirable by introducing art into the firm's advertising. He recognized that only a brand emphasising Horch's unique characteristics would be successful.


In 1923, Paul Daimler (a Stauss associate) worked for Horch as the chief engineer for 8-cylinder engines. Horch vehicles were subsequently the first to introduce 8-cylinder engines in series production.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}
In 1923, [[Paul Daimler]] (a Stauss associate) worked for Horch as the chief engineer for 8-cylinder engines. Horch vehicles were subsequently the first to introduce 8-cylinder engines in series production.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}


==Audi connection==
==Audi connection==
⚫
In 1909, the supervisory board (the German equivalent of the Board of Directors) of the corporation forced out Horch. Horch went on to found [[Audi]] as Audiwerke GmbH, which became effective on 25 April 1910. The name was a solution to the legal dispute with his old company over use of the Horch brand and a clever play of words ("audi" is the literal Latin translation of the [[Old German]] "horch", meaning the imperative "Listen!").
⚫
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-158-0094-35, Balkan, PKW der Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|right|Wehrmacht-Horch 108 (1942)]]

⚫
In 1909, the supervisory board (the German equivalent of the Board of Directors) of the corporation forced out Horch. Horch went on to found [[Audi]] as Audiwerke GmbH, which became effective on 25 April 1910. The name was a solution to the legal dispute with his old company over use of the Horch brand.


In 1928, the company was acquired by [[Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen]], owner of [[DKW]] (from the German ''Dampfkraftwagen'', or steam engine vehicle) who had bought the remains of the US automobile manufacturer [[Rickenbacker (car)|Rickenbacker]] in the same year. The Rickenbacker purchase included their manufacturing equipment for eight-cylinder engines.
In 1928, the company was acquired by [[Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen]], owner of [[DKW]] (from the German ''Dampfkraftwagen'', or steam engine vehicle) who had bought the remains of the US automobile manufacturer [[Rickenbacker (car)|Rickenbacker]] in the same year. The Rickenbacker purchase included their manufacturing equipment for eight-cylinder engines.


==Auto Union==
==Auto Union==
⚫
[[File:MHV Auto-Union Typ C 1936 01.jpg|thumb|[[Auto Union racing car|Auto Union Typ C]] (1936)]]
⚫
Eventually, on 29 June 1932, Horch, Audi, [[DKW]] and [[Wanderer (car)|Wanderer]] merged to form the [[Auto Union]] affiliated group. The current Audi four-ring logo is the Auto Union logo that represents for the merger of these four brands. In the 1930s, Horch introduced a new line of smaller and cheaper, but still presentable, V8 automobiles. In 1936, ''Horch'' presented the 25,000th 8-cylinder luxury car in [[Zwickau]].


⚫
Eventually, on 29 June 1932, Horch, Audi, [[DKW]] and [[Wanderer (car)|Wanderer]] merged to form the [[Auto Union]]. The current Audi four-ring logo is the Auto Union logo that represents the merger of these four brands. In the 1930s, Horch introduced a new line of smaller and cheaper, but still presentable, V8 automobiles. In 1936, Horch presented the 25,000th 8-cylinder luxury car in [[Zwickau]].
Auto Union became a major supplier of automobiles to the [[German armed forces]]. Civilian production was suspended after March 1940. After the war, Auto Union, newly founded in West Germany, continued civilian car production. Due to widespread poverty in post-war Germany, only small DKW vehicles were produced. Luxury vehicle production did not resume until Auto Union was purchased in 1964 by [[Volkswagen Group]] and the old brand ''Audi'' was introduced again.

The Auto Union [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix racing cars]] types A to D, were developed and built by a specialist racing department of Horch works in [[Zwickau]] between 1933 and 1939. Between 1935 and 1937 Auto Union cars won 25 races, driven by [[Ernst von Delius]], [[Tazio Nuvolari]], [[Bernd Rosemeyer]], [[Hans Stuck]] and [[Achille Varzi]].

⚫
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-158-0094-35, Balkan, PKW der Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|right|[[Einheits-PKW der Wehrmacht|Heavy standard passenger car]] Type Horch 108 (1942)]]
Auto Union became a major supplier of vehicles to the German [[Wehrmacht]], such as [[Einheits-PKW der Wehrmacht|Heavy standard passenger car]] (Horch 108), [[Einheits-PKW der Wehrmacht|Medium standard passenger car]] (Horch 901 and Wanderer 901) and [[Half-track]] [[Sd.Kfz. 11]]. Civilian production was suspended after March 1940. After the war the Auto Union AG at Chemnitz was dissolved and in Ingolstadt, West Germany the new Auto Union GmbH was founded, where civilian car production continued. Due to widespread poverty in postwar Germany, only small DKW vehicles with two stroke engines were produced. After Auto Union was purchased in 1964 by the [[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagenwerk AG]], the old brand ''Audi'' was introduced again, together with the new four stroke vehicle [[Audi F103]]. Daimler-Benz retained the trademark rights to the Horch brand until the mid 1980s. Daimler-Benz then transferred the rights to the Horch brand name to Audi which in turn signed a waiver to use the name „Silberpfeil“ (silver-arrow) for any modern Audi racing car. However, the brand has remained dormant.

The [[Romanian Army]] purchased 300 Horch 901 4x4 field cars to mechanize some of its anti-tank companies.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XoEvAQAAMAAJ&q=Praga|title=Balkan Battles|first=Ronald L.|last=Tarnstrom|date=1998 |publisher=Trogen Books|isbn=9780922037148|access-date=Apr 14, 2019|via=Google Books}}</ref>


==Trabant connection==
==Trabant connection==
{{See also|HQM Sachsenring GmbH}}
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[[Image:Sachsenring-P-240-Cabriolet.jpg|thumb|Horch P240 (Sachsenring) Cabriolet (1956)]]
⚫
During the [[Second World War]], the factories suffered heavy bomb damage. Later, the advancing [[Soviet]] forces captured the area, and it became part of the [[Allied Occupation Zones in Germany|Soviet sector of divided Germany]] in 1945, and later became part of [[East Germany]].


⚫
During the [[Second World War]], the factories suffered heavy bomb damage. Later, the advancing [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces captured the area, and it became part of the [[Allied Occupation Zones in Germany|Soviet sector of divided Germany]] in 1945, and later became part of [[East Germany]].
⚫
From 1955-1958, old ''Horch'' factories produced the Horch P240, a 6-cylinder car with standing at the time. The former ''Horch'' and ''Audi'' from Zwickau were unified in 1958. A new brand, ''Sachsenring'', within the East German corporation [[Industrieverband Fahrzeugbau|IFA]] was born. After unification in 1958, the P240 car was renamed as the [[Sachsenring P240]]. As the Soviet Administration inexplicably banned the foreign exportation of the P240 the East German economic administration decided to stop production of the vehicle. IFA also produced the initial [[Trabant]] "P-50" model from 1957.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trabant.shocauto.com/trabant_history.htm |title=Trabant History |publisher=Trabant.shocauto.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-02}}</ref>

⚫
[[File:Sachsenring-P-240-Cabriolet.jpg|thumb|Horch P240 (Sachsenring) Cabriolet (1956)]]

⚫
From 1955 to 1958, old Horch factories produced the Horch P240, a six-cylinder car that was respected at the time. The former Horch and ''Audi'' operations from Zwickau were unified in 1958. A new brand, ''Sachsenring'', within the East German corporation [[Industrieverband Fahrzeugbau|IFA]] was born. After unification in 1958, the P240 car was renamed as the [[Sachsenring P240]]. As the Soviet Administration inexplicably banned the foreign exportation of the P240, the East German economic administration decided to stop production of the vehicle. IFA also produced the initial [[Trabant]] "P-50" model from 1957.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://trabant.shocauto.com/trabant_history.htm |title=Trabant History |publisher=Trabant.shocauto.com |access-date=2010-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929035244/http://trabant.shocauto.com/trabant_history.htm |archive-date=2010-09-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Zwickau site was acquired in 1991 by [[Volkswagen]], effectively restoring its connection with Audi. In [[1991]], Volkswagen constructed a new factory to the north of Zwickau in nearby Mosel.


==Rare collectibles==
==Rare collectibles==
On Saturday, June 24, 2006, an incredibly rare 1937 Horch 853A Sport Cabriolet in original unrestored, unprepared condition sold at auction in Cortland NY for $199,000 US.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rmauctions.com/AuctionResults.cfm?SaleCode=JS06&SortBy=HB&View=Normal&Category=Cars |title=Rm Auctions |publisher=Rm Auctions |date= |accessdate=2010-10-02}}</ref>
On June 24, 2006, a rare 1937 Horch 853A Sport Cabriolet in original unrestored, unprepared condition sold at auction in Cortland, NY for US$299,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rmauctions.com/AuctionResults.cfm?SaleCode=JS06&SortBy=HB&View=Normal&Category=Cars |title=Rm Auctions |publisher=Rm Auctions |access-date=2010-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929062428/http://www.rmauctions.com/AuctionResults.cfm?SaleCode=JS06&SortBy=HB&View=Normal&Category=Cars |archive-date=2010-09-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

⚫
In the late 1930s, Horch supplied a limited number of promotional scarves bearing the Horch logo. Sent only to the wealthiest drivers, it is a major collectible amongst diehard enthusiasts of the pre-war car era. However, there is also a degree of controversy associated with these scarves as they were commonly sought by senior SS members.


⚫
[[File:Horch 853 A Cabriolet (1939) 1X7A8049.jpg|thumb|1939 Horch 853 A Cabriolet]]
⚫
In the late 1930s, Horch supplied a limited number of promotional scarves bearing the Horch logo. Only sent to the most wealthy drivers, it is a major collectible amongst diehard enthusiasts of the pre-war car era. However there is also a degree of controversy associated with these scarves as they were commonly sought after by senior SS members.
[[File:1937 Horch 853 (26176121674).jpg|thumb|1937 [[Horch 853 Voll & Ruhrbeck Sport Cabriolet]]]]


==Horch models==
==Horch models==
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
!style="background:#efefef;" | '''Type'''
!style="background:#efefef;" | Type
!style="background:#efefef;" | '''Construction'''
!style="background:#efefef;" | Construction
!style="background:#efefef;" | '''Cylinders'''
!style="background:#efefef;" | Cylinders
!style="background:#efefef;" | '''Displacement'''
!style="background:#efefef;" | Displacement
!style="background:#efefef;" | '''Power '''
!style="background:#efefef;" | Power
!style="background:#efefef;" | '''Top speed'''
!style="background:#efefef;" | Top speed
|-
|-
|4-15 PS
|4-15 PS
|1900–1903
|1900–1903
|[[straight-2]]
|[[Straight-twin engine|straight-2]]
|
|
|2,9-3,7&nbsp;kW
|2.9-3.7&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 10-12 PS|10-16 PS]]
|[[Horch 10-12 PS|10-16 PS]]
|1902–1904
|1902–1904
|[[straight-2]]
|straight-2
|
|
|7,4-8,8&nbsp;kW
|7.4-8.8&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|62|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|62|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|22-30 PS
|22-30 PS
|1903
|1903
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|2.725 cc
|2,725 cc
|16,2-18,4&nbsp;kW
|16.2-18.4&nbsp;kW
|
|
|-
|-
Line 100: Line 120:
|1905–1910
|1905–1910
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|2.270 cc
|2,270 cc
|10,3-12,5&nbsp;kW
|10.3-12.5&nbsp;kW
|
|
|-
|-
Line 107: Line 127:
|1904–1909
|1904–1909
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|2.725 cc
|2,725 cc
|16,2&nbsp;kW
|16.2&nbsp;kW
|
|
|-
|-
Line 114: Line 134:
|1905–1910
|1905–1910
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|5.800 cc
|5,800 cc
|29&nbsp;kW
|29&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|26/65 PS
|26/65 PS
|1907–1910
|1907–1910
|[[straight-6]]
|[[straight-6]]
|7.800 cc
|7,800 cc
|44&nbsp;kW
|44&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|25/60 PS
|25/60 PS
Line 130: Line 150:
|6.395 cc
|6.395 cc
|40&nbsp;kW
|40&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|10/30 PS
|10/30 PS
|1910–1911
|1910–1911
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|2.660 cc
|2,660 cc
|18,4&nbsp;kW
|18.4&nbsp;kW
|
|
|-
|-
Line 142: Line 162:
|1910–1911
|1910–1911
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|3.177 cc
|3,177 cc
|20,6&nbsp;kW
|20.6&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|15/30 PS
|15/30 PS
|1910–1914
|1910–1914
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|2.608 cc
|2,608 cc
|22&nbsp;kW
|22&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|H (17/45 PS)
|H (17/45 PS)
|1910–1919
|1910–1919
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|4.240 cc
|4,240 cc
|33&nbsp;kW
|33&nbsp;kW
|
|
Line 163: Line 183:
|1911–1920
|1911–1920
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|1.588 cc
|1,588 cc
|13,2&nbsp;kW
|13.2&nbsp;kW
|
|
|-
|-
Line 170: Line 190:
|1911–1922
|1911–1922
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|2.080 cc
|2,080 cc
|17,6&nbsp;kW
|17.6&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|70|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|70|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|O (14/40 PS)
|O (14/40 PS)
|1912–1922
|1912–1922
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|3.560 cc
|3,560 cc
|29&nbsp;kW
|29&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|Pony (5/14 PS)
|Pony (5/14 PS)
|1914
|1914
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|1.300 cc
|1,300 cc
|11&nbsp;kW
|11&nbsp;kW
|
|
Line 191: Line 211:
|1914–1920
|1914–1920
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|6.395 cc
|6,395 cc
|44&nbsp;kW
|44&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|18/50 PS
|18/50 PS
|1914–1922
|1914–1922
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|4.710 cc
|4,710 cc
|40&nbsp;kW (55 PS)
|40&nbsp;kW <br>(55 PS)
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|S (33/80 PS)
|S (33/80 PS)
|1914–1922
|1914–1922
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|8.494 cc
|8,494 cc
|59&nbsp;kW
|59&nbsp;kW
|
|
Line 212: Line 232:
|1922–1924
|1922–1924
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|2.612 cc
|2,612 cc
|25,7&nbsp;kW
|25.7&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 10|10 M 25 (10/50 PS)]]
|[[Horch 10|10 M 25 (10/50 PS)]]
|1924–1926
|1924–1926
|[[straight-4]]
|[[straight-4]]
|2.612 cc
|2,612 cc
|37&nbsp;kW
|37&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|95|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|95|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 8|8 Typ 303/304 (12/60 PS)]]
|[[Horch 8|8 Typ 303/304 (12/60 PS)]]
|1926–1927
|1926–1927
|[[straight-8]]
|[[straight-8]]
|3.132 cc
|3,132 cc
|44&nbsp;kW
|44&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 8|8 Typ 305/306 (13/65 PS)]]
|[[Horch 8|8 Typ 305/306 (13/65 PS)]]
|1927–1928
|1927–1928
|[[straight-8]]
|[[straight-8]]
|3.378 cc
|3,378 cc
|48&nbsp;kW
|48&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 8|8 Typ 350/375/400/405 (16/80 PS)]]
|[[Horch 8|8 Typ 350/375/400/405 (16/80 PS)]]
|1928–1931
|1928–1931
|[[straight-8]]
|[[straight-8]]
|3.950 cc
|3,950 cc
|59&nbsp;kW
|59&nbsp;kW
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 8|8 3 ltr. Typ 430]]
|[[Horch 8|8 3&nbsp;L Typ 430]]
|1931–1932
|1931–1932
|[[straight-8]]
|[[straight-8]]
|3.009-3.137 cc
|3,009-3,137 cc
|48&nbsp;kW (65 PS)
|48&nbsp;kW<br> (65 PS)
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 8|8 4 ltr. Typ 410/440/710]]
|[[Horch 8|8 4&nbsp;L Typ 410/440/710]]
|1931–1933
|1931–1933
|[[straight-8]]
|[[straight-8]]
|4.014 cc
|4,014 cc
|59&nbsp;kW (80 PS)
|59&nbsp;kW<br>(80 PS)
|{{convert|100|-|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|100|-|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 8|8 4,5 ltr. Typ 420/450/470/720/750/750B]]
|[[Horch 8|8 4.5&nbsp;L Typ 420/450/470/720/750/750B]]
|1931–1935
|1931–1935
|[[straight-8]]
|[[straight-8]]
|4.517 cc
|4,517 cc
|66&nbsp;kW (90 PS)
|66&nbsp;kW<br> (90 PS)
|{{convert|115|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|115|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 8|8 5 ltr. Typ 480/500/500A/500B/780/780B]]
|[[Horch 8|8 5&nbsp;L Typ 480/500/500A/500B/780/780B]]
|1931–1935
|1931–1935
|[[straight-8]]
|[[straight-8]]
|4.944 cc
|4,944 cc
|74&nbsp;kW (100 PS)
|74&nbsp;kW (100 PS)
|{{convert|120|-|125|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|120|-|125|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 12|12 6 ltr. Typ 600/670]]
|[[Horch 12|12 6&nbsp;L Typ 600/670]]
|1931–1934
|1931–1934
|[[V12 engine|V12]]
|12 V
|6.021 cc
|6,021 cc
|88&nbsp;kW (120 PS)
|88&nbsp;kW (120 PS)
|{{convert|130|-|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|130|-|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 830|830]]
|[[Horch 830|830]]
|1933–1934
|1933–1934
|[[V8 engine|V8]]
|8 V
|3.004 cc
|3,004 cc
|51&nbsp;kW (70 PS)
|51&nbsp;kW (70 PS)
|{{convert|110|-|115|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|110|-|115|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 830|830B]]
|[[Horch 830|830B]]
|1935
|1935
|8 V
|V8
|3.250 cc
|3,250 cc
|51&nbsp;kW (70 PS)
|51&nbsp;kW (70 PS)
|{{convert|115|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|115|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 830|830Bk/830BL]]
|[[Horch 830|830Bk/830BL]]
|1935–1936
|1935–1936
|8 V
|V8
|3.517 cc
|3,517 cc
|55&nbsp;kW (75 PS)
|55&nbsp;kW (75 PS)
|{{convert|115|-|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|115|-|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 850|850/850 Sport]]
|[[Horch 850|850/850 Sport]]
|1935–1937
|1935–1937
|[[straight-8]]
|[[straight-8]]
|4.944 cc
|4,944 cc
|74&nbsp;kW (100 PS)
|74&nbsp;kW (100 PS)
|{{convert|125|-|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|125|-|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 830|830BL/930V]]
|[[Horch 830|830BL/930V]]
|1937–1938
|1937–1938
|8 V
|V8
|3.517 cc
|3,517 cc
|60&nbsp;kW (82 PS)
|60&nbsp;kW (82 PS)
|{{convert|120|-|125|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|120|-|125|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 830|830BL/930V]]
|[[Horch 830|830BL/930V]]
|1938–1940
|1938–1940
|8 V
|V8
|3.823 cc
|3,823 cc
|67,6&nbsp;kW (92 PS)
|67.6&nbsp;kW (92 PS)
|{{convert|125|-|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|125|-|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
|-
|[[Horch 851|851/853/853A/855/951/951A]]
|[[Horch 851|851/853/853A/855/951/951A]]
|1937–1940
|1937–1940
|[[straight-8]]
|[[straight-8]]
|4.944 cc
|4,944 cc
|74&nbsp;kW (100 PS)
|74&nbsp;kW (100 PS)
|{{convert|125|-|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|125|-|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|}
|}


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
* [[List of German cars]]
⚫
{{Commons category|Horch vehicles}}
⚫
*[[List of German cars]]
*[[Auto Union]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Horch, August: ''Ich baute Autos. Vom Schmiedelehrling zum Autoindustriellen''. Schützen-Verlag, Berlin 1937.
* Kirchberg, Peter, Pönisch, Jürgen: ''Horch. Typen – Technik – Modelle''. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 2006, {{ISBN|3-7688-1775-X}}.
* Lang, Werner: ''„Wir Horch-Arbeiter bauen wieder Fahrzeuge“. Geschichte des Horch-Werkes Zwickau 1945 bis 1958''. Bergstraße Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Aue 2007, {{ISBN|978-3-9811372-1-7}}.
* Pönisch, Jürgen: ''100 Jahre Horch-Automobile 1899–1999. Aufstieg und Niedergang einer deutschen Luxusmarke''. Zwickau 2000, {{ISBN|3-933282-07-1}}.


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{Commons category|Horch}}
*[http://www.horch-museum.de Official Site of Augus Horch Museum Zwickau]
*[http://www.zwickau-ansichten.de Zwickau-Views (about 6000 Zwickau pics)]
* [http://www.horch-museum.de Official Site of August Horch Museum Zwickau]
* [http://www.zwickau-ansichten.de Zwickau-Views (about 6000 Zwickau pics)]


{{Volkswagen Group brands}}
{{Volkswagen Group}}
{{Audi}}
{{Porsche}}
{{Automotive industry in Germany}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Horch]]
[[Category:Horch| ]]
[[Category:Auto Union]]
[[Category:1932 disestablishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Audi]]
[[Category:Audi]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1899]]
[[Category:Auto Union]]
[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany]]
[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1932]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1899]]
[[Category:Zwickau]]
[[Category:Zwickau]]
[[Category:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers]]

[[Category:German companies established in 1899]]
[[cs:Horch]]
[[de:Horch]]
[[eo:Horch]]
[[fr:A.Horch & Co. Motorwagen Werke]]
[[nl:Horch (automerk)]]
[[ja:ホルヒ]]
[[id:Horch]]
[[no:Horch]]
[[pl:Horch]]
[[pt:Horch]]
[[ru:Horch]]
[[sv:Horch]]

Latest revision as of 19:39, 27 August 2024

Horch AG
IndustryAutomotive
Founded1904
Defunct1932
1959
Fatemerged with DKW, Wanderer, and Audi to form Auto Union
SuccessorAuto Union (1932–1969)
Audi NSU Auto Union (1969–1985)
Audi AG (1985–present)
HeadquartersZwickau, Saxony, Germany
Key people
August Horch, founder
ProductsLuxury cars
Charles de Gaulle's 1936 Horch 830 BL convertible, Bundeswehr Military History Museum, Dresden

Horch (German pronunciation: [hɔʁç] ⓘ) was a German car manufacturer, which traced its roots to several companies founded in the very late 19th and early 20th century by August Horch.

It is one of the predecessors of the present day Audi company, which itself resulted from the merger of Auto Union Aktiengesellschaft (AG) and NSU Motorenwerke in 1969. Auto Union AG in turn was formed in 1932, following the merger of Horch, DKW, Wanderer and the original Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau, established by August Horch in 1910.

In 2021, Audi reused the Horch name as a flagship trim level for the Audi A8 in China to compete with the Mercedes-Maybach S-Class.[1]

History at a glance

[edit]
August Horch in his car (1908)
Horch hood ornament (1924)
Horch 670, 12-cylinder luxury cabriolet (1932)
Horch 930 V Phaeton (1939)

August Horch and his first business partner Salli Herz established the company on November 14, 1899 in the district of Ehrenfeld, Cologne in Cologne.[2] August Horch had previously worked as a production manager for Karl Benz. Three years later, in 1902, he moved the company to Reichenbach im Vogtland. On May 10, 1904 he founded the Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company in Zwickau (Kingdom of Saxony). The city of Zwickau was the capital of the South Western Saxon County and one of Saxony's industrial centres at that time.

After troubles with the Horch chief financial officer, August Horch founded a second company on 16 July 1909, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH in Zwickau. He had to rename the company because Horch was already a registered brand and he did not hold the rights to the name. On 25 April 1910 the name Audi Automobilwerke was entered in the company's register at the Zwickau registration court. Audi is the Latin translation of horch, from the German verb "horchen", which means "listen!" (compare English "hark"). The Audi name was proposed by a son of one of Horch's business partners from Zwickau.[3]

In 1932 both companies from Zwickau (Horch and Audi) merged with Zschopauer Motorenwerke J. S. Rasmussen (the DKW brand) and the Wanderer car-production facilities to become the Auto Union corporation of Saxony. The Silver Arrow racing cars of the Auto Union racing team in Zwickau—developed by Ferdinand Porsche and Robert Eberan von Eberhorst, and driven by Bernd Rosemeyer, Hans Stuck, Tazio Nuvolari and Ernst von Delius—became known the world over in the 1930s.

Initial cars

[edit]

The company initially began producing 5 hp (3.7 kW; 5.1 PS) and 10 hp (7.5 kW; 10 PS) twin-cylinder engine automobiles near Cologne in 1901.

The first Horch had a 4.5 hp (3.4 kW; 4.6 PS) engine, with an alloy crankcase, a unique achievement in those days. It had an open-body design, with lighting provided by lanterns containing candles. In contrast with the powerful cars of later years, the first Horch could barely reach a top speed of 32 km/h (20 mph). It was significant at that time because it used a friction clutch, and had a drive shaft providing power to the wheels.

The firm soon encountered financial difficulty, and Horch sought new partners.

In March 1902, August Horch produced a 20 hp (15 kW; 20 PS) four-cylinder car with a shaft drive in Reichenbach in Vogtland. Horch cars were considered[by whom?] more advanced to those being built by Mercedes or Benz (who were then separate manufacturers).

By 1903, Horch had built a car with a four-cylinder engine. In March of the following year, he introduced his new car at the Frankfurt Fair.

In 1904, August Horch developed the first six-cylinder engine, which appeared in 1907. In 1906 a Horch automobile driven by Dr. Rudolf Stöss from Zwickau won the Herkomer Competition (equivalent to a 'brand-name' world championship at the time). In the 1920s, Moritz Stauss, a cosmopolitan Berliner, was the principal stockholder of the Horch company. He succeeded in making the Horch brand highly desirable by introducing art into the firm's advertising. He recognized that only a brand emphasising Horch's unique characteristics would be successful.

In 1923, Paul Daimler (a Stauss associate) worked for Horch as the chief engineer for 8-cylinder engines. Horch vehicles were subsequently the first to introduce 8-cylinder engines in series production.[citation needed]

Audi connection

[edit]

In 1909, the supervisory board (the German equivalent of the Board of Directors) of the corporation forced out Horch. Horch went on to found Audi as Audiwerke GmbH, which became effective on 25 April 1910. The name was a solution to the legal dispute with his old company over use of the Horch brand and a clever play of words ("audi" is the literal Latin translation of the Old German "horch", meaning the imperative "Listen!").

In 1928, the company was acquired by Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen, owner of DKW (from the German Dampfkraftwagen, or steam engine vehicle) who had bought the remains of the US automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker in the same year. The Rickenbacker purchase included their manufacturing equipment for eight-cylinder engines.

Auto Union

[edit]
Auto Union Typ C (1936)

Eventually, on 29 June 1932, Horch, Audi, DKW and Wanderer merged to form the Auto Union. The current Audi four-ring logo is the Auto Union logo that represents the merger of these four brands. In the 1930s, Horch introduced a new line of smaller and cheaper, but still presentable, V8 automobiles. In 1936, Horch presented the 25,000th 8-cylinder luxury car in Zwickau.

The Auto Union Grand Prix racing cars types A to D, were developed and built by a specialist racing department of Horch works in Zwickau between 1933 and 1939. Between 1935 and 1937 Auto Union cars won 25 races, driven by Ernst von Delius, Tazio Nuvolari, Bernd Rosemeyer, Hans Stuck and Achille Varzi.

Heavy standard passenger car Type Horch 108 (1942)

Auto Union became a major supplier of vehicles to the German Wehrmacht, such as Heavy standard passenger car (Horch 108), Medium standard passenger car (Horch 901 and Wanderer 901) and Half-track Sd.Kfz. 11. Civilian production was suspended after March 1940. After the war the Auto Union AG at Chemnitz was dissolved and in Ingolstadt, West Germany the new Auto Union GmbH was founded, where civilian car production continued. Due to widespread poverty in postwar Germany, only small DKW vehicles with two stroke engines were produced. After Auto Union was purchased in 1964 by the Volkswagenwerk AG, the old brand Audi was introduced again, together with the new four stroke vehicle Audi F103. Daimler-Benz retained the trademark rights to the Horch brand until the mid 1980s. Daimler-Benz then transferred the rights to the Horch brand name to Audi which in turn signed a waiver to use the name „Silberpfeil“ (silver-arrow) for any modern Audi racing car. However, the brand has remained dormant.

The Romanian Army purchased 300 Horch 901 4x4 field cars to mechanize some of its anti-tank companies.[4]

Trabant connection

[edit]
See also: HQM Sachsenring GmbH

During the Second World War, the factories suffered heavy bomb damage. Later, the advancing Soviet forces captured the area, and it became part of the Soviet sector of divided Germany in 1945, and later became part of East Germany.

Horch P240 (Sachsenring) Cabriolet (1956)

From 1955 to 1958, old Horch factories produced the Horch P240, a six-cylinder car that was respected at the time. The former Horch and Audi operations from Zwickau were unified in 1958. A new brand, Sachsenring, within the East German corporation IFA was born. After unification in 1958, the P240 car was renamed as the Sachsenring P240. As the Soviet Administration inexplicably banned the foreign exportation of the P240, the East German economic administration decided to stop production of the vehicle. IFA also produced the initial Trabant "P-50" model from 1957.[5]

The Zwickau site was acquired in 1991 by Volkswagen, effectively restoring its connection with Audi. In 1991, Volkswagen constructed a new factory to the north of Zwickau in nearby Mosel.

Rare collectibles

[edit]

On June 24, 2006, a rare 1937 Horch 853A Sport Cabriolet in original unrestored, unprepared condition sold at auction in Cortland, NY for US$299,000.[6]

In the late 1930s, Horch supplied a limited number of promotional scarves bearing the Horch logo. Sent only to the wealthiest drivers, it is a major collectible amongst diehard enthusiasts of the pre-war car era. However, there is also a degree of controversy associated with these scarves as they were commonly sought by senior SS members.

1939 Horch 853 A Cabriolet
1937 Horch 853 Voll & Ruhrbeck Sport Cabriolet

Horch models

[edit]
Type Construction Cylinders Displacement Power Top speed
4-15 PS 1900–1903 straight-2 2.9-3.7 kW 60 km/h
(37 mph)
10-16 PS 1902–1904 straight-2 7.4-8.8 kW 62 km/h
(39 mph)
22-30 PS 1903 straight-4 2,725 cc 16.2-18.4 kW
14-20 PS 1905–1910 straight-4 2,270 cc 10.3-12.5 kW
18/25 PS 1904–1909 straight-4 2,725 cc 16.2 kW
23/50 PS 1905–1910 straight-4 5,800 cc 29 kW 100 km/h
(62 mph)
26/65 PS 1907–1910 straight-6 7,800 cc 44 kW 120 km/h
(75 mph)
25/60 PS 1909–1914 straight-4 6.395 cc 40 kW 110 km/h
(68 mph)
10/30 PS 1910–1911 straight-4 2,660 cc 18.4 kW
K (12/30 PS) 1910–1911 straight-4 3,177 cc 20.6 kW 75 km/h
(47 mph)
15/30 PS 1910–1914 straight-4 2,608 cc 22 kW 80 km/h
(50 mph)
H (17/45 PS) 1910–1919 straight-4 4,240 cc 33 kW
6/18 PS 1911–1920 straight-4 1,588 cc 13.2 kW
8/24 PS 1911–1922 straight-4 2,080 cc 17.6 kW 70 km/h
(43 mph)
O (14/40 PS) 1912–1922 straight-4 3,560 cc 29 kW 90 km/h
(56 mph)
Pony (5/14 PS) 1914 straight-4 1,300 cc 11 kW
25/60 PS 1914–1920 straight-4 6,395 cc 44 kW 110 km/h
(68 mph)
18/50 PS 1914–1922 straight-4 4,710 cc 40 kW
(55 PS) 		100 km/h
(62 mph)
S (33/80 PS) 1914–1922 straight-4 8,494 cc 59 kW
10 M 20 (10/35 PS) 1922–1924 straight-4 2,612 cc 25.7 kW 80 km/h
(50 mph)
10 M 25 (10/50 PS) 1924–1926 straight-4 2,612 cc 37 kW 95 km/h
(59 mph)
8 Typ 303/304 (12/60 PS) 1926–1927 straight-8 3,132 cc 44 kW 100 km/h
(62 mph)
8 Typ 305/306 (13/65 PS) 1927–1928 straight-8 3,378 cc 48 kW 100 km/h
(62 mph)
8 Typ 350/375/400/405 (16/80 PS) 1928–1931 straight-8 3,950 cc 59 kW 100 km/h
(62 mph)
8 3 L Typ 430 1931–1932 straight-8 3,009-3,137 cc 48 kW
(65 PS) 		100 km/h
(62 mph)
8 4 L Typ 410/440/710 1931–1933 straight-8 4,014 cc 59 kW
(80 PS) 		100–110 km/h
(62–68 mph)
8 4.5 L Typ 420/450/470/720/750/750B 1931–1935 straight-8 4,517 cc 66 kW
(90 PS) 		115 km/h
(71 mph)
8 5 L Typ 480/500/500A/500B/780/780B 1931–1935 straight-8 4,944 cc 74 kW (100 PS) 120–125 km/h
(75–78 mph)
12 6 L Typ 600/670 1931–1934 V12 6,021 cc 88 kW (120 PS) 130–140 km/h
(81–87 mph)
830 1933–1934 V8 3,004 cc 51 kW (70 PS) 110–115 km/h
(68–71 mph)
830B 1935 V8 3,250 cc 51 kW (70 PS) 115 km/h
(71 mph)
830Bk/830BL 1935–1936 V8 3,517 cc 55 kW (75 PS) 115–120 km/h
(71–75 mph)
850/850 Sport 1935–1937 straight-8 4,944 cc 74 kW (100 PS) 125–130 km/h
(78–81 mph)
830BL/930V 1937–1938 V8 3,517 cc 60 kW (82 PS) 120–125 km/h
(75–78 mph)
830BL/930V 1938–1940 V8 3,823 cc 67.6 kW (92 PS) 125–130 km/h
(78–81 mph)
851/853/853A/855/951/951A 1937–1940 straight-8 4,944 cc 74 kW (100 PS) 125–140 km/h
(78–87 mph)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Audi A8 L Horch Breaks Cover Ahead Of Chinese Debut Next Month". Motor1.com. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  2. ^ August Horch: "Ich baute Autos - Vom Schmiedelehrling zum Autoindustriellen", Schützen-Verlag Berlin 1937
  3. ^ Audi AG motion picture 1994: 'The Silver Arrows from Zwickau, running time approx. 49 mins.
  4. ^ Tarnstrom, Ronald L. (1998). Balkan Battles. Trogen Books. ISBN 9780922037148. Retrieved Apr 14, 2019 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ "Trabant History". Trabant.shocauto.com. Archived from the original on 2010-09-29. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
  6. ^ "Rm Auctions". Rm Auctions. Archived from the original on 2010-09-29. Retrieved 2010-10-02.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Horch, August: Ich baute Autos. Vom Schmiedelehrling zum Autoindustriellen. Schützen-Verlag, Berlin 1937.
  • Kirchberg, Peter, Pönisch, Jürgen: Horch. Typen – Technik – Modelle. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 2006, ISBN 3-7688-1775-X.
  • Lang, Werner: „Wir Horch-Arbeiter bauen wieder Fahrzeuge“. Geschichte des Horch-Werkes Zwickau 1945 bis 1958. Bergstraße Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Aue 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811372-1-7.
  • Pönisch, Jürgen: 100 Jahre Horch-Automobile 1899–1999. Aufstieg und Niedergang einer deutschen Luxusmarke. Zwickau 2000, ISBN 3-933282-07-1.
[edit]
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