Palakkad: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|City in Kerala, India}} |
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{{India city infobox | |
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{{About|the city|the district|Palakkad district|the Lok Sabha constituency|Palakkad (Lok Sabha constituency)}} |
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native_name=Palakkad| |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} |
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image_map=Location_of_Palakkad_Kerala.png | |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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latd = 10.77|longd=76.65| |
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| name = Palakkad |
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state_name=Kerala | |
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| native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> |
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district=[[Palakkad District|Palakkad]]| |
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| other_name = Palghat |
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leader_title=Chairman| |
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| settlement_type = City |
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leader_name= Position Empty| |
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| image_skyline = Palakkad City collage.jpg |
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altitude=84| |
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| imagesize = |
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population_as_of = 2001 | |
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| image_caption = From top Left to Right : Palakkad Municipal Office, [[IIT Palakkad]], [[Government Victoria College, Palakkad]], [[Chandranagar]] roundabout, Night view of Palakkad, Skyline of Palakkad |
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population_total = 130,736 | |
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| seal_alt = |
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population_density = | |
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| nickname = '''''Gateway of Kerala''''' |
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area_magnitude=| |
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| image_map = |
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area_total=| |
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| map_alt = |
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area_telephone= 91 491 | |
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| map_caption = |
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postal_code= 6780XX | |
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| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India |
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vehicle_code_range= KL-9 | |
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| pushpin_label_position = left |
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footnotes = | |
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| pushpin_map_alt = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = |
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| coordinates = {{coord |10.775|N|76.651|E| display=inline,title}} |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = Region |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[South Malabar]] |
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| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Kerala|District]] |
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| subdivision_name3 = [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]] |
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| established_title = Capital of [[Palakkad District|Palakkad]] |
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| established_date = |
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| founder = |
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| named_for = |
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| government_type = Municipality |
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| governing_body = Palakkad Municipality |
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| leader_title1 = Chairperson |
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| leader_name1 = Prameela Sasidharan ([[BJP]]) |
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| leader_title2 = Deputy Chairman |
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| leader_name2 = E. Krishnadas ([[BJP]]) |
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| leader_title3 = Member of Legislative Assembly |
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| leader_name3 = [[Rahul Mamkootathil]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]]) |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
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| leader_title4 = District Collector |
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| leader_name4 = S. Chithra, [[Indian Administrative Services|IAS]] |
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="citygi">{{cite web|title=Thiruvananthapuram Corporation General Information|url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/general-information-0|publisher=Corporation of Thiruvananthapuram|access-date=10 July 2018}}</ref> |
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| area_total_km2 = 26.60 |
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| area_metro_km2 = 123.32 |
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| area_metro_footnotes = |
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| total_type = |
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| area_urban_km2 = |
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| area_rank = |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 84 |
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| population_footnotes = |
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| population_total = 130955 |
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| population_as_of = 2011 |
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| population_rank = |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_metro = 293533 |
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| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="UApop">{{cite web |title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 million and above |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india2/Million_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref> |
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| population_demonym = Palakkadan |
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| demographics_type1 = Language |
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| demographics1_title1 = Official |
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| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] |
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| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |
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| utc_offset1 = +5:30 |
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| postal_code_type = Postal Index Number |
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| postal_code = 678 XXX |
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| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91-(0)491]] |
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| registration_plate = KL-09 |
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| blank1_name_sec2 = Climate |
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| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Am/Aw]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]) |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.palakkadmunicipality.in/en|palakkadmunicipality.in}} |
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| official_name = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Palakkad''' ({{IPA-ml|pɐːlɐkːɐːɖɨ̆|lang|palakkad1.ogg}}), [[Renaming of cities in India|also]] known as '''Palghat''', historically known as '''Palakkattussery''', is a city and [[municipality]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Kerala]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Palakkad District]]. Palakkad is the [[List of cities and towns in Kerala|most]] densely populated municipality and the [[List of cities and towns in Kerala|fourth]]-most densely populated city in the state. It was established before Indian independence under [[British Raj|British rule]] and known by the name Palghat. Palakkad is famous for the ancient [[Palakkad Fort]], which is in the heart of the city and was captured and rebuilt by [[Hyder Ali]] in 1766 which later fell into the hands of Zamorin in 1784. The city is about {{convert|347|km|mi}} northeast of the state capital, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. |
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The 18th-century [[Palakkad Fort]] has sturdy battlements, a moat, and a Hanuman temple on its grounds. North on the [[Kalpathy River]], the 15th-century [[Viswanatha Swamy Temple, Palakkad|Viswanatha Swamy Temple]] is the main venue of the Ratholsavam chariot festival. The river [[Bharathappuzha]] flows through Palakkad.<ref name="pkd_2011">{{Cite book|title=DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK PALAKKAD - 2011 (Part XII-B)|last=|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala|year=2011|location=Thiruvananthapuram|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3206_PART_B_PALAKKAD.pdf}}</ref> Palakkad is on the northern bank of Bharathappuzha River.<ref name="pkd_2011"/> |
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''For the district with the same name, see '''[[Palakkad District]]'''''. |
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Palakkad was included in the [[South Malabar]] region of [[Malabar District]] during the British Raj. The municipality of Palakkad was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850) of the British Indian Empire, along with the municipalities of [[Kozhikode]], [[Kannur]], [[Thalassery]], and [[Fort Kochi]], making them Kerala's oldest modern municipalities. |
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[[Image:Nemmara-paddyfields.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A [[paddy]] field in Palakkad]] |
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[[IIT Palakkad|Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad]] is the first and only [[Indian Institute of Technology]] in Kerala.<ref>{{cite news |last=TNN |first= |date=6 April 2022 |title=NIT Goa, three IITs to enter into MoU with Norway university |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/nit-goa-three-iits-to-enter-into-mou-with-norway-university/articleshow/90671967.cms |work=The Times of India |location=Panaji |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Currespondent |first=Our |date=11 January 2022 |title=IIT Palakkad launches national challenge for students to boost innovation in energy sector |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/edugraph/news/iit-palakkad-launches-national-challenge-for-students-to-boost-innovation-in-energy-sector/cid/1847111 |work=Telegraph India |location=Palakkad |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref> It is also home to [[Government Victoria College, Palakkad|Government Victoria College]], one of the state's oldest institutes of higher education, opened in 1888, and [[NSS College of Engineering]], the fourth engineering college in Kerala, opened in 1960. |
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'''Palakkad''', also known as '''Palghat''', is a city in the state of [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Palakkad District]]. Palakkad lies near the [[Palakkad Gap]], a pass through the [[Western Ghats]] ranges that run parallel to the west coast of India, and connects Kerala to the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] to the east. |
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[[Mercy College, Palakkad|Mercy College]] is a women's college located in the city which was established in 1964. It is the first Women's college in the Palakkad District. |
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[[Palakkad Railway Division]] of [[Southern Railway Zone]], one of India's oldest Railway Divisions, is headquartered here. A residential colony of the railway employees of Palakkad Railway Division known as [[Palakkad Railway Colony|Hemambika Nagar Railway Colony]], one of the residential colonies under Southern Railway, is also near the office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-18 |title=World Heritage Day: Palakkad railway division showcases narrow gauge locomotive |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/palakkad-division-showcases-narrow-gauge-locomotive/article65332450.ece |access-date=2022-08-10 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The only school in the state run by [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railways]] is within the colony.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Railway Schools in India – All Zones Railway News In One Blog |url=http://www.indianrailwayportal.in/list-of-railway-schools-in-india/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.indianrailwayportal.in}}</ref> Multi-Disciplinary Divisional Training Institute (MDDTI) for Group C and D employees of the division is also inside the colony.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MDDTI PALAKKAD – An ISO 9001:2015 certified organisation |url=http://mddtipgt.com/ |access-date=2022-08-10}}</ref> |
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Palakkad is an important railway junction on India's [[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railway]]. It is from here the trains take diversion to south and north Kerala. The cities of [[Pollachi]], [[Dindigul]] and [[Madurai]] are connected by the [[meter gauge]] track starting from here. |
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The trains on the meter gauge are like lifelines for the people of the town, bringing vegetables, fish and dairy products. The office of the Palakkad Division of Southern Railway is situated near Palghat Junction Railway Station. |
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==Etymology== |
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Palakkad has also well connected by roads. The National Highway 47 between Salem-Kanyakumari and the Palakkad-Kozhikode National Highway 213 pass through the district. Another important road is the Palakkad Ponnani which connects NH 47 and NH 17. ''[[Walayar]] checkpost'' is located on the national highway to [[Coimbatore]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. |
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The commonly held belief is that the name Palakkad is a fusion of two [[Malayalam]] words: ''[[wikt:പാല|pāla]]'', which is the local name for [[blackboard tree]] (''Alstonia scholaris''), and ''[[wikt:കാട്|kāṭŭ]]'', which means [[forest]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Kerala Samskāram |author=A. Sreedhara Menon |author-link=A. Sreedhara Menon |publisher=[[DC Books]] |date=1978 |page=237 |isbn=9788126415854}}</ref> |
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==History== |
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== Places of worship == |
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[[File:Palakkad Fort.JPG|left|thumbnail|[[Palakkad Fort]] was captured and rebuilt by [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] Sultan [[Hyder Ali]] in 1766 CE]] |
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* The ''Anjaneya (Lord [[Hanuman]]) [[Temple]]'' inside [[Palakkad Fort]] attracts good number of devotees. |
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The region around [[Coimbatore]] was ruled by the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]] during [[Sangam period]] between the first and fourth centuries CE and served as the eastern entrance to the [[Palakkad Gap]], the principal trade route between the [[Malabar Coast]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Trade">{{cite news|last=Subramanian|first=T. S|title=Roman connection in Tamil Nadu|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007012800201800.htm&date=2007/01/28/&prd=th|access-date=28 October 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 January 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919235748/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007012800201800.htm&date=2007%2F01%2F28%2F&prd=th|archive-date=19 September 2013}}</ref> Palakkad city was ruled by the Palakkad Rajas (''Tarur Swaroopam'').<ref name="askh"/> ''Palakkad Raja'' had the right over the [[Tehsil|Taluk]]s of Palakkad, [[Alathur]], and [[Chittur-Thathamangalam|Chittur]]. [[Chittur]] Taluk was part of [[Cochin]] Kingdom.<ref name="askh">{{Cite book|title='Kerala Charitram|last=Shreedhara Menon|first=A|publisher=DC Books|year=2007|isbn=9788126415885|location=Kottayam|pages=200–201|url=https://keralabookstore.com/book/keralacharithram/11148/}}</ref> The original headquarters of ''Palakkad Raja''s were at [[Athavanad]], [[Tirur Taluk]], in present-day [[Malappuram district]].<ref name="askh"/> It is said that their lands at [[Athavanad]] area were given to the ''[[Azhvanchery Thamprakkal]]'' and the Palakkad-Chittur areas were bought from them instead.<ref name="askh"/> The territory of Palakkad Rajas had been under the [[Zamorin of Calicut]] for sometime.<ref name="askh"/> |
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* [[Manappulli kavu]] - Devi Temple. |
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* [[Thirupuraikkal Temple]] at Vadakkanthara. |
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* [[Guruvayoorappan Temple]] of [[Chinmaya Mission]]. |
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* [[Emoor Bhagavathi Temple]] at Kallekkulangara |
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In 1757, to resist the invasion of the [[Zamorin of Calicut|Zamorin of Kozhikode]], the Palakkad Raja sought the help of the [[Hyder Ali]] of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]].<ref name="KrishnaIyer2">{{Citation |
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==Places of interest== |
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| author = K. V. Krishna Iyer |
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[[Image:Palakkad-kotta3.jpg|''[[Palakkad Kotta]]''|thumb|left|200px]] |
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| title = Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806 |
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* [[Palakkad Fort]] - Palakkad is an important place in the tourist map of Kerala. The [[Tipu Sultan]]'s Fort built in the 18th century. |
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| publisher = Norman Printing Bureau, Kozhikode |
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* [[Malampuzha dam garden]]. |
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| url = https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.3379 |
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* [[Parambikulam]] Wild Life Sanctuary |
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| year = 1938}} |
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* [[Silent Valley]] Thick Rain Forest, Habitat of rare species. Declared National Park.This National Park is 80 km. from Palakkad. It is popularly known as the evergreen forest and noted for its eerie silence because of the lack of cicadas. It is an important biosphere reserve in the Western Ghats and Home of the tribal people. The Valley known for the rare lion-tailed macaque. This National Park is a protected area for tigers also |
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</ref> In 1766, [[Hyder Ali]] defeated the Zamorin of Kozhikode – an [[East India Company]] ally at the time – and absorbed Kozhikode into his state.<ref name="KrishnaIyer2"/> The Hyder Ali rebuilt Palakkad Fort in 1766.<ref name="Malabar"/> The smaller princely states in northern and north-central parts of Kerala ([[Malabar District]]) including [[Kolathunadu]], [[Kingdom of Kottayam|Kottayam]], [[Kadathanadu]], [[Zamorin of Calicut|Kozhikode]], [[Kingdom of Tanur|Tanur]], [[Kingdom of Valluvanad|Valluvanad]], and Palakkad were unified under Mysore and were made a part of the larger [[Kingdom of Mysore]].<ref name="Rai">{{cite book |author=Raghunath Rai |title=History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4-8Z0gqBkoC&pg=PA14 |access-date=18 November 2012 |publisher=FK Publications |isbn=978-81-87139-69-0 |pages=14–}}</ref> His son and successor, [[Tipu Sultan]], [[Mysorean invasion of Kerala#Invasions by Tipu Sultan|launched campaigns]] against the expanding [[British East India Company]], resulting in two of the four [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]].<ref name="MuseumDallapiccola2010">{{cite book |author1=British Museum |author2=Anna Libera Dallapiccola |title=South Indian Paintings: A Catalogue of the British Museum Collection |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIzWapiacQcC&pg=PA12 |access-date=18 November 2012 |date=22 June 2010 |publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-0-7141-2424-7 |pages=12–}}</ref><ref name="ThorpeEdgar">{{cite book |author1=Edgar Thorpe, Showick Thorpe |author2=Thorpe Edgar |title=The Pearson CSAT Manual 2011 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WuBFs6yFRwcC&pg=RA1-PA99 |access-date=18 November 2012 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-5830-4 |page=99}}</ref> |
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* [[Nelliyambathi]] Known as Ooty of Kerala. Perfect hideaway amid orange, coffee, tea plantation. |
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* [[Sholayar]] Higest peak in the district. coffee, tea, plantations. |
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Tipu ultimately ceded the [[Malabar District]] and [[South Kanara]] to the company in the 1790s as a result of the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]] and the subsequent [[Treaty of Seringapatam]]; both were annexed to the [[Bombay Presidency]] (which had also included other regions in the western coast of India) of [[British India]] in the years 1792 and 1799, respectively.<ref name="The Edinburgh Gazetteer: Or, Geographical Dictionary: Containing a Description of the Various Countries, Kingdoms, States, Cities, Towns, Mountains, &c. of the World; an Account of the Government, Customs, and Religion of the Inhabitants; the Boundaries and Natural Productions of Each Country, &c. &c. Forming a Complete Body of Geography, Physical, Political, Statistical, and Commercial with Addenda, Containing the Present State of the New Governments in South America...">{{cite book |title=The Edinburgh Gazetteer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xRIyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA63 |access-date=18 November 2012 |year=1827 |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green |pages=63–}}</ref><ref name="Kumar1965">{{cite book |author=Dharma Kumar |title=Land and Caste in South India: Agricultural Labor in the Madras Presidency During the Nineteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=psw5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 |access-date=18 November 2012 |year=1965 |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=87– |id=GGKEY:T72DPF9AZDK}}</ref><ref name="Ittaman2003">{{cite book |author=K.P. Ittaman |title=History of Mughal Architecture Volume Ii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQ5lFywZAqYC&pg=PA30 |access-date=18 November 2012 |date=1 June 2003 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-034-1 |pages=30–}}</ref> Later in 1800, both of the [[Malabar District]] and [[South Canara]] were separated from Bombay presidency to merge them with the neighbouring [[Madras Presidency]].<ref name="Malabar">A Survey of Kerala History, A. Shreedhara Menon</ref> Palakkad was under [[British Raj]] until 1947. |
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The municipality of Palakkad was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850)<ref name="Ref1">{{cite web|url=http://www.lawmin.nic.in/chronology.doc |title=CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF CENTRAL ACTS (Updated up to 17-10-2014) |website=Lawmin.nic.in |access-date=2016-08-07}}</ref><ref name="c1881">{{cite book |last1=Lewis McIver |first1=G. Stokes |title=Imperial Census of 1881 Operations and Results in the Presidency of Madras |date=1883 |publisher=E.Keys at the Government Press |location=Madras |page=444 |edition=(Vol II) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b_YIAAAAQAAJ |access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="google.co.in">{{cite book |last1=Presidency |first1=Madras India |title=Madras District Gazetteers, Statistical Appendix For Malabar District. |date=1915 |publisher=The Superintendent, Government Press |location=Madras |page=20 |edition=Vol.2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUEwnQEACAAJ |access-date=2 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="frowde">{{cite book |last1=HENRY FROWDE, M.A. |first1=Imperial Gazetteer of India |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India |date=1908–1909 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |edition=New |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ |access-date=2 December 2020}}</ref> of the [[British Indian Empire]], along with the municipalities of [[Kozhikode]], [[Kannur]], [[Thalassery]], and [[Fort Kochi]], making them the first modern municipalities in the modern state of Kerala. |
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<br> |
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At the time of [[1951 Census of India]], Palakkad was the second-largest city in the erstwhile [[Malabar District]] after [[Kozhikode]].<ref name="census1951">{{Cite book|title=1951 census handbook - Malabar district|publisher=Government of Madras|year=1953|location=Chennai|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6425/1/20493_1951_MAL.pdf}}</ref> At that time only two towns in Malabar was treated as cities: [[Kozhikode]] and Palakkad.<ref name="census1951"/> Following the formation of the state of Kerala in 1956, the erstwhile [[Tehsil|Taluk]] of Palakkad in [[Malabar District]] was divided into three: Palakkad, [[Alathur]], and [[Chittur-Thathamangalam|Chittur]]. [[Chittur]] and few areas of [[Alathur]] was part of [[Cochin]] Kingdom. and Palakkad district was formed by taking parts of [[Malabar District]] and [[Cochin Kingdom]].<ref name="Malabar"/> |
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== Famous festivals == |
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[[Kalpathi Ratholsavam]]<br> |
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[[Manappullikavu Vela]]<br> |
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[[Vadakkanthara Vela]] (only once in 3 years)<br> |
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[[Kizhkencherry Ratholsavam]] - Dec 25<br> |
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[[Thiruvara Niramaala]] - Dec 28<br> |
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[[Karumanassery Ratholsavam]] - Dec 29<br> |
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[[Nenmara-Vallanghi Vela]]- April 3 |
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==Geography== |
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---- |
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[[File:Bharathapuzha map.PNG|thumb|left|Topography map-Palakkad (Palghat)]] |
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Palakkad is the gateway to Kerala due to the presence of the Palakkad Gap in the [[Western Ghats]]. The city is in central Kerala. Malayalam is the official language in Palakkad. Two main tributaries of [[Bharathapuzha]], [[Kalpathipuzha River|Kalpathi River]] and [[Kannadipuzha River|Kannadi River]] flows through the city. Of the numerous dams in Palakkad district, the largest [[Malampuzha Dam|Malampuzha dam]] is {{convert|15|km|mi}} from Palakkad city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diehardindian.com/infra/dams.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213125037/http://www.diehardindian.com/infra/dams.htm|url-status=dead|title=Fact sheet on Indian dams at Diehardindian.com|archivedate=13 December 2006}}</ref> |
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Palakkad is about {{convert|347|km|mi}} northeast of [[Trivandrum]],{{convert|144|km|mi}} of [[Kochi]], {{convert|50|km|mi|}} southwest of [[Coimbatore]] in Tamil Nadu, {{convert|66|km|mi}} northeast of [[Thrissur]], and {{convert|127|km|mi}} southeast of [[Kozhikode]], which are mainly connected by [[National highways of India|National Highways]], namely [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]-[[Kochi]] National Highway [[National Highway 544 (India)|NH 544]], and [[Kozhikode]]-Palakkad National Highway [[National Highway 966 (India)|NH 966]] |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Kerala]] |
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===Climate=== |
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Palakkad has a tropical wet and dry climate. Temperatures remain moderate throughout the year, with the exception being March and April, the hottest months. A very high amount of precipitation is received in Palakkad, mainly due to the South-West monsoon. July is the wettest month, and the total annual rainfall is around 100 cm. |
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{{Weather box |
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{{Kerala-geo-stub}} |
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| location = Palakkad (1981–2010, extremes 1943–2005) |
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| metric first = Y |
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| single line = Y |
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| Jan record high C = 37.6 |
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| Feb record high C = 40.0 |
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| Mar record high C = 41.4 |
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| Apr record high C = 41.8 |
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| May record high C = 41.2 |
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| Jun record high C = 40.4 |
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| Jul record high C = 33.6 |
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| Aug record high C = 33.8 |
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| Sep record high C = 35.8 |
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| Oct record high C = 36.2 |
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| Nov record high C = 38.0 |
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| Dec record high C = 36.6 |
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| year record high C = 41.8 |
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| Jan high C = 32.7 |
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| Feb high C = 35.2 |
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| Mar high C = 37.3 |
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| Apr high C = 36.6 |
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| May high C = 34.5 |
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| Jun high C = 29.9 |
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| Jul high C = 28.8 |
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| Aug high C = 28.9 |
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| Sep high C = 30.4 |
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| Oct high C = 31.5 |
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| Nov high C = 31.6 |
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| Dec high C = 31.5 |
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| year high C = 32.4 |
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| Jan low C = 22.0 |
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| Feb low C = 22.4 |
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| Mar low C = 24.1 |
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| Apr low C = 25.0 |
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| May low C = 24.8 |
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| Jun low C = 23.2 |
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| Jul low C = 22.6 |
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| Aug low C = 23.0 |
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| Sep low C = 23.0 |
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| Oct low C = 23.1 |
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| Nov low C = 23.1 |
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| Dec low C = 22.3 |
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| year low C = 23.2 |
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| Jan record low C = 15.6 |
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| Feb record low C = 15.8 |
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| Mar record low C = 18.6 |
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| Apr record low C = 18.8 |
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| May record low C = 19.2 |
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| Jun record low C = 19.0 |
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| Jul record low C = 18.8 |
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| Aug record low C = 19.2 |
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| Sep record low C = 19.4 |
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| Oct record low C = 15.8 |
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| Nov record low C = 16.1 |
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| Dec record low C = 14.0 |
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| year record low C = 14.0 |
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| rain colour = green |
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| Jan rain mm = 3.6 |
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| Feb rain mm = 3.6 |
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| Mar rain mm = 15.7 |
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| Apr rain mm = 61.3 |
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| May rain mm = 125.1 |
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| Jun rain mm = 250.6 |
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| Jul rain mm = 403.2 |
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| Aug rain mm = 190.3 |
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| Sep rain mm = 154.9 |
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| Oct rain mm = 196.1 |
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| Nov rain mm = 102.3 |
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| Dec rain mm = 21.3 |
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| year rain mm = 1838.0 |
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| Jan rain days = 0.3 |
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| Feb rain days = 0.3 |
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| Mar rain days = 0.9 |
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| Apr rain days = 3.3 |
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| May rain days = 5.9 |
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| Jun rain days = 18.7 |
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| Jul rain days = 20.0 |
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| Aug rain days = 15.8 |
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| Sep rain days = 9.2 |
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| Oct rain days = 10.1 |
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| Nov rain days = 4.7 |
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| Dec rain days = 0.9 |
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| year rain days = 90.1 |
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| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |
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| Jan humidity = 46 |
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| Feb humidity = 39 |
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| Mar humidity = 38 |
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| Apr humidity = 52 |
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| May humidity = 60 |
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| Jun humidity = 79 |
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| Jul humidity = 82 |
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| Aug humidity = 81 |
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| Sep humidity = 75 |
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| Oct humidity = 73 |
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| Nov humidity = 65 |
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| Dec humidity = 56 |
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| year humidity = 61 |
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| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals> |
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{{cite web |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |
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| archive-date = 5 February 2020 |
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| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |
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| title = Station: Palakkad (Palghat) Climatological Table 1981–2010 |
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| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010 |
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| publisher = India Meteorological Department |
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| date = January 2015 |
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| pages = 581–582 |
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| access-date = 29 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes> |
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{{cite web |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |
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| archive-date = 5 February 2020 |
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| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |
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| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) |
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| publisher = India Meteorological Department |
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| date = December 2016 |
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| page = M109 |
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| access-date = 29 February 2020}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==Transport== |
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{{Main|Transport in Palakkad}} |
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===Air=== |
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The nearest international airport is [[Coimbatore International Airport]], which is about {{convert|62|km|mi|0}} from Palakkad.[[Cochin International Airport]] and [[Calicut International Airport]] serve the city as well. |
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There has been a proposal for a mini domestic airport at East [[Yakkara]] with respect to setting up domestic airports for enhanced air connectivity by the civil aviation ministry of India. 60 acres has been identified for the project at East Yakkara Palakkad.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/21/stories/2011052162250900.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526015312/http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/21/stories/2011052162250900.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2011-05-26 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=60 Acres Identified For Airport Project | date=2011-05-21}}</ref> |
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{{multiple image |
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| align = left |
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| direction = vertical |
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| width = 220 |
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| image1 = Olavakkode railway station, palakkad .jpg |
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| alt1 = |
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| caption1 = Palakkad Junction Railway Station |
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| image2 = KSRTC Bus Terminal Palakkad.jpg |
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| alt2 = |
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| caption2 = KSRTC Bus terminal, Palakkad |
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}} |
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{{multiple image |
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| align = right |
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| direction = vertical |
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| width = 220 |
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| image1 = G.B.Road, Palakkad.jpg |
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| alt1 = |
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| caption1 = G.B.Road, Palakkad |
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| image2 = English Church road.jpg |
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| alt2 = |
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| caption2 = English Church road |
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}} |
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===Railways=== |
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The [[Palakkad railway division]] is one of the six administrative divisions of the [[Southern Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]], is headquartered in the city. Railways played an important role in framing of the city. It was established on August 4, 1956, making one of oldest railway division in India. It manages 588 route kilometers of track in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and [[Mahé, Puducherry|Mahé]] (in the Union Territory of Puducherry). |
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The city is served by two railway stations – [[Palakkad Junction]] is a [[broad gauge]] railway junction (at [[Olavakkode]], about 4 km from Municipal bus stand) and [[Palakkad Town railway station|Palakkad Town]] railway station in the heart of Palakkad city. Recently, pitline installation has been started at Town Railway Station and is expected to be completed by March 2025. By the completion of this project, it could make not only the city a major railway in the state.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Naha |first=Abdul Latheef |date=2024-02-22 |title=Palakkad to be transformed into a railway hub, says V.K. Sreekandan|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/palakkad-to-be-transformed-into-a-railway-hub-says-vk-sreekandan/article67875003.ece |access-date=2024-03-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> |
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===Road=== |
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Palakkad is well connected with all major cities. The [[National Highway 544 (India)|NH 544]] from [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] to [[Ernakulam]] passes through the city. [[National Highway 966 (India)|NH 966]] starts from Ramanattukara in [[Kozhikode]] and joins [[National Highway 544|NH 544]] at [[Chandranagar]], one of the suburbs of the city.<ref>[http://www.nhai.org/doc/23june12/nh_nh%20wise.pdf "National Highways and their lengths"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906234553/http://www.nhai.org/Doc/23june12/NH_NH%20wise.pdf |date=6 September 2012 }}. National Highways Authority of India. Retrieved 4 September 2015.</ref> Other important roads are the Palakkad – Ponnani road which connects to [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66]] . [[State Highway 52 (Kerala)|SH 52]] begins near [[Chandranagar]], which connects to [[Pollachi]], and [[State Highway 27 (Kerala)|SH 27]] begins at the Civil Station and connects to Meenakshipuram (Kerala-Tamil Nadu State Border). |
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Palakkad City has four Bus Stations includes [[Palakkad KSRTC bus terminal]] and three Private Bus stands named [[Stadium Bus Stand Palakkad|Stadium Bus Stand]], Municipal Bus stand, and Town Bus Stand. |
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==Demographics== |
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{{bar box |
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|title=Religions in palakkad |
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|titlebar=#Fcd116 |
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|left1=Religion |
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|right1=Percent |
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|float=right |
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|bars= |
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{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|68}} |
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{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|27.9}} |
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{{bar percent|[[Christians]]|blue|3.8}} |
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{{bar percent|Others|black|0.3}} |
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}} |
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As per 2011 census, population of Palakkad is 130,955; of which male and female are 63,833 and 67,122 respectively.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW32C-01%20MDDS.XLS 2011 Census] censusindia.gov.in {{dead link|date=September 2023}}</ref> |
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Total literates in Palakkad city are 112,479, of which 56,065 are males while 56,414 are females. The average literacy rate of Palakkad city is 94.20 percent of which male and female literacy was 96.83 and 91.73 percent. The literacy rate of the Palakkad Metropolitan Area is 92.14%, much higher than the national average of 59.5%.<ref name="Census">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3206_PART_B_PALAKKAD.pdf "Palakkad – Census of India"]. Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 4 September 2015.</ref><ref name="Census2" /> |
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[[Hindus]] form 68% of the population with 89098 members.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in" /> [[Muslims]] constitute 27.9% of the population with 36620 members.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in" /> [[Christians]] constitute 3.8% of the population with 5006 members.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in" /> |
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==Governance== |
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===Legislature=== |
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Palakkad city is represented in the Kerala State Assembly by two elected members, one from [[Palakkad Assembly constituency]] and another from [[Malampuzha Assembly constituency]]. Palakkad Municipality forms part of Palakkad Assembly Constituency. As of 2021, [[Shafi Parambil]] is the representative of Palakkad Assembly Constituency and [[A. Prabhakaran]] is the representative of Malampuzha Assembly Constituency. |
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The city is also a part of the [[Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency]] and elects a member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, every five years. The current MP is [[V. K. Sreekandan]] of the Indian National Congress. |
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===Executive=== |
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Collectorate of [[Palakkad district]] is located in the city. Many other offices including District Court Complex and District Panchayat Office are also in the city. Palakkad taluk office is also in civil station, and administers an area of 713 km<sup>2</sup> with a population of 6,21,622, making it the district's [[Political Divisions of Palakkad District|most populous taluk]]. |
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{{Palakkad Labelled Map}} |
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===Law and order=== |
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The city is the headquarters of Palakkad District Police.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome - Palakkad District Police {{!}} Home |url=https://palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in/ |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref> Mainly, three police stations serve the city: North, South, and Traffic police stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Palakkad - Town North Police Station |url=https://palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in/page/town-north-police-station |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Palakkad - Town South Police Station |url=https://palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in/page/town-south-police-station |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Palakkad - Traffic Police Station |url=https://palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in/page/traffic-police-station |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref> Hemambika Nagar, Palakkad Kasaba, Malampuzha and Walayar Police Stations also serve the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Palakkad - Hemambika Nagar Police Station |url=https://palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in/page/hemambika-nagar-police-station |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Palakkad - Kasaba Police Station |url=https://palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in/page/kasba-police-station |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Palakkad - Malampuzha Police Station |url=https://palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in/page/malampuzha-police-station |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Palakkad - Walayar Police Station |url=https://palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in/page/walayar-police-station |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref> Kerala Armed Police 2 Battalion is situated at [[Muttikulangara]], one of the suburbs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Kerala Police - Kerala Armed Police - II |url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/kerala-armed-police-ii |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref> District Armed Reserved Police Camp of Palakkad district is in [[Kallekkad]], about 10 km from the centre of the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kallekkad AR Police Camp, Kerala, India |url=https://soamaps.com/country/IN/385843/kallekkad-ar-police-camp |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=soamaps.com}}</ref> |
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==Economy== |
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{{main| Economy of Palakkad}} |
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{{multiple image |
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| align = left |
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| width = 220 |
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| image1 = Stadium bypass.jpg |
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| alt1 = |
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| caption1 = Stadium bypass road |
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| image2 = Palakkad City, Kunnathurmedu.jpg |
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| caption2 = Growing Skyline of Palakkad city |
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| alt2 = |
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}} |
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{{multiple image |
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| image1 = Shopping Mall in NH544, Kanjikode.jpg |
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| alt1 = |
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| caption1 = A Shopping Mall in Kanjikode |
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| image2 = Joby's Mall.jpg |
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| alt2 = |
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| caption2 = Joby's Mall, first mall in Palakkad |
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| image3 = Valiyangadi Market, Palakkad.jpg |
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|caption3 = Valiyangadi or Big Bazaar |
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}} |
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The presence of [[Palakkad Gap]] and proximity to [[Coimbatore]] makes Palakkad economically important. [[BPL Group|British Physical Laboratories]] (BPL) was founded in 1963 in Palakkad. Market Road is one of the oldest and longest roads devoted to trade and commerce. It stretches from [[Melamuri]] Junction on the west to Shakunthala Junction on the east, covering 3 km, and was Palakkatussery's commercial centre and a major marketplace.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palakkadwalks |date=2011-11-13 |title=Palakkadwalks: "Wonder City Of Palakkad" |url=http://palakkadwalks.blogspot.com/2011/11/wonder-city-of-palakkad.html |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=palakkadwalks.blogspot.com }}</ref> This stretch of the city is known as Valiyangadi or Big Bazaar. Many wholesale shops are along this road. [[Kanjikode]] area of Palakkad city is second largest industrial hub in Kerala after [[Kochi]].<ref>{{Cite web |agency=TNN|date=Apr 28, 2021 |title=Kerala: Kanjikode becoming a medical oxygen hub {{!}} Kochi News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kanjikode-becoming-a-medical-oxygen-hub/articleshow/82280476.cms |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Kanjikode has many companies like [[Indian Telephone Industries Limited]] (ITI), Instrumentation Limited,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instrumentation Limited, Palakkad, Kerala, India - Manufacturers and exporters of control, butterfly, globe, safety relief, bellows sealed, engineering, angle, high pressure valves and actuator, instrumentation, transmitter, desuper heater, power cylinder, orifice, cavitation and positioner |url=https://ilpgt.com/#:~:text=Instrumentation%20Limited,%20Palakkad%20(ILP),elements%20like%20control%20valves%20etc. |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=ilpgt.com}}</ref> Fluid Control Research Institute(FCRI),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fluid Control Research Institute - |url=https://www.fcriindia.com/ |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=FCRI India |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Saint-Gobain|Saint-Gobain India Private Limited]] ''(formerly SEPR Refractories India Private Limited)'', Patspin India Ltd,<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Patspin India Ltd., Company |url=https://www.goodreturns.in/company/patspin-india/history.html#1663007400 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Goodreturn |language=en}}</ref> Pepsi, PPS steel (Kerala) PVT Ltd, [[United Breweries Group|United Breweries]], Empee Distilleries, Marico, [[Bharat Earth Movers Limited]] (BEML), Rubfila International Ltd, Sitics Logistics, Arya Vaidya Pharmacy,<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ambitionbox.com |title=Arya Vaidya Pharmacy Overview and Company Profile |url=https://www.ambitionbox.com/overview/arya-vaidya-pharmacy-overview |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=AmbitionBox |language=en}}</ref> Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sreeragam Ayurveda {{!}} Ayurvedic Treatment in Kochi |url=https://sreeragamayurveda.com/ |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=sreeragamayurveda.com/}}</ref> have production facilities. There are also many other steel manufacturing units and other production centres making it second largest industrial area in [[Kerala]]. |
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The commercialization of Palakkad city is Picking up and growing at a steady pace in recent years, Nowadays Palakkad city and the suburbs are witnessing a rapid amount of commercial and public development activities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=shopping in palakkad in Palakkad, Palaghat, Palakkad and List of shopping in palakkad in Palakkad, Palaghat, Palakkad City Guide > Kerala > Palakkad city Directory > City Guide India > Display Page:- 2 |url=https://city.webindia123.com/d-py-local/kerala/palakkad/shopping-in-palakkad-678001-12/2/ |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Webindia123.com City Guide}}</ref> The developments are mainly concentrated on the bypass roads, Both Stadium and Calicut bypass roads<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stadium Bypass Road, Palakkad (Kunnathurmedu North) |url=https://streets.openalfa.in/streets/stadium-bypass-road-palghat-kerala |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=streets.openalfa.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ലേഖകൻ |first=മാധ്യമം |date=2021-06-09 |title=കൽമണ്ഡപം-ശേഖരിപുരം ബൈപാസ് ഇനി മാതൃക റോഡ് {{!}} Madhyamam |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/local-news/palakkad/kalmandapam-sekharipuram-bypass-is-now-a-model-road-808325 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.madhyamam.com |language=ml}}</ref> passing through the city are getting major commercial projects. Major national and international branded Retail chains, food chains, Restaurants, Hotels, Shopping complexes, Textiles, branded jewellers, and Vehicle Showrooms, are functioning in and around the city. There are many housing colonies consisting of Villas and apartments also present in Palakkad City and its suburbs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CommonFloor.com |title=Ongoing Apartments, Flats Projects In Palakkad {{!}} Commonfloor |url=https://www.commonfloor.com/palakkad-property/projects/status-ongoing/apartment-ht |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.commonfloor.com |language=english}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=92 Apartments, Flats for Sale in Palakkad {{!}} Houses for Sale in Palakkad - QuikrHomes |url=https://www.quikr.com/homes/property/residential-apartments-for-sale-in-palakkad-cid_1056882 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.quikr.com/homes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=doorsandshelters.com |title=Ongoing Apartments, Flats Projects In Palakkad {{!}} Doorsandshelters |url=https://doorsandshelters.com/state/kerala/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=www.doorsandshelters.com |language=english}}</ref> |
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== Civic Administration == |
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On 3 July 1866, the Governor of Madras declared Palakkad as a city.<ref name="ആമുഖം {{!}} Palakkad Municipality"/> The municipality of Palakkad was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865. (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=McIver |first1=Lewis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b_YIAAAAQAAJ |title=Imperial Census of 1881: Operations and Results in the Presidency of Madras |last2=Stokes |first2=G. |date=1883 |publisher=Government Press |language=en}}</ref> On 11 September 1912, the system of electing the city father by the councillors began.<ref name="ആമുഖം {{!}} Palakkad Municipality">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-30|title=ആമുഖം {{!}} Palakkad Municipality|url=http://www.palakkadmunicipality.in/about|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230212855/http://www.palakkadmunicipality.in/about|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-12-30|access-date=2020-09-15}}</ref> City Council expanded to 28 wards in 1938, 32 wards in 1973 and 36 wards in 1978.<ref name="ആമുഖം {{!}} Palakkad Municipality"/> During the period 1995–98 and in 2015 when Municipality celebrated 150 years, there were proposals to upgrade Palakkad Municipality to a Municipal Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IMG-20220906-WA0044.jpg |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/13nij7UaO4nVHlgWoWWYqA7lD8ck-tB7W/view?usp=drivesdk&usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Google Docs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-04-04 |title=Palakkad municipality celebrates a milestone |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/palakkad-municipality-celebrates-a-milestone/article7069904.ece |access-date=2022-09-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=19-2-19p1.jpg |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/13yxXj42U4M-EdtYrLkFA8Dnrreb73Smk/view?usp=drivesdk&usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Google Docs}}</ref> Palakkad Municipality has 52 wards now, headed by Municipal Chairperson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Body Elections 2020 - TREND by State Election Commission Kerala |url=http://117.239.77.93/trend/trend2020/views/index.php |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=117.239.77.93}}</ref> The current Chairperson of Palakkad Municipality is K.Priya Ajayan and E. Krishnadas is the deputy chairman. |
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===Proposed Palakkad Municipal Corporation=== |
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The metropolitan area of Palakkad includes Palakkad Municipality, [[Kallekulangara|Hemambika Nagar]], [[Marutharode]], [[Mathur-I|Mathur]], [[Pirayiri]], [[Pudussery West]], [[Pudussery Central]] and [[Puthuppariyaram, Palakkad|Puthupariyaram]].<ref name=Census2>[http://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/427-palakkad.html "Palakkad Urban Region"]. Census2011.co.in. Retrieved 4 September 2015.</ref> Its urban / metropolitan population is 293,566 of which 143,650 are males and 149,916 are females. The proposed Palakkad Municipal Corporation has an area of 197.566 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geomorphological and Land Use/Land Cover Studies around ... |url=https://online.fliphtml5.com/ksht/viwi/#p=1 |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=online.fliphtml5.com}}</ref> Following local bodies are the local bodies which supposed to be the part. |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=22em| |
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* Palakkad Municipality |
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* [[Pirayiri]] |
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* [[Marutharode]] |
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* [[Mathur-I|Mathur]] |
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* [[Puthuppariyaram, Palakkad|Puthupariyaram]] |
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* [[Akathethara]] |
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* [[Pudussery Central]] |
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* [[Pudussery West]] |
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* [[Kodumba]] (Urban areas only) |
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* [[Kannadi]] (Urban areas only) |
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* [[Malampuzha]] (excluding rural and forest areas)<ref>[https://i.postimg.cc/MHwqnmBg/19-2-19p1.jpg Photo] postimg.cc</ref> |
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}} |
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==Education== |
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The city of Palakkad has number of Prominent Educational Institutions which provide a great platform for higher education.[[Government Victoria College, Palakkad]] was established in the year 1866, making it one of the oldest institution of higher learning in Kerala. First and the only [[Indian Institute of Technology]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[IIT Palakkad|Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad]] is located in the city. The campus currently functions in two campuses-temporary one at [[Ahalia Health Heritage and Knowledge Village|Ahalia Campus]] and the Nila campus which are separated by 13 km. It is one of the five new [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IIT]]s proposed in the [[2014 Union budget of India]]. |
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[[Government Medical College, Palakkad]], started in 2014 is the first Government medical college in the district. It is the first medical college in country under Scheduled caste Development Department. [[NSS College of Engineering]] at [[Akathethara]], is the [[List of engineering colleges in Kerala|fourth]] Engineering Institution established in [[Kerala]], India. It was founded in 1960 by [[Nair Service Society]].The college is one among the only three Govt-Aided Engineering college in [[Kerala]] and is the first Govt-Aided Engineering college accredited by NBA of AICTE. [[Chembai Memorial Government Music College]] is one of the main center of excellence in teaching Carnatic music in the state. It was given the name of the legendary [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] musician [[Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar]] from Palakkad. [[Mercy College, Palakkad|Mercy College]] is a women's college located in the city which was established in 1964. It is the first Women's college in the Palakkad District. The college is organized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]. |
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[[Ahalia Health Heritage and Knowledge Village|Ahalia Campus]] is the largest Edu-health campus in Kerala. It is located about 18 km from the centre of the city consisting of a number of educational institutions and medical institutes. It has three hospitals, one medical college, one school and five colleges which includes an engineering college, college of pharmacy, college of optometry, college of paramedical sciences and college of management. [[Basel Evangelical Mission Higher Secondary School, Palakkad|Basel Evangelical Mission Higher Secondary School]], located in the city was established in 1858 making it one of the oldest schools in Kerala. Government Moyan Model Girls Higher Secondary School located in College Road was founded in 1917 and is one of the largest government schools in the state and one of the schools having large strength of students studying.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government Moyan Model Girls Higher Secondary School Palakkad Palakkad 1 Palakkad Palakkad (Kerala) {{!}} StudyApt |url=https://www.studyapt.com/school-gmmghss-palakkad-palakkad-kl |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=www.studyapt.com}}</ref> |
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==Healthcare== |
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First government medical college in the district ([[Government Medical College, Palakkad]]) is located in the city. District Hospital located in Court Road is one of biggest district hospitals in [[Kerala]]. There are also some private hospitals for serving the city. Rajiv Gandhi Co-Operative Multispeciality Hospital is a Cooperative Hospital located at [[Kallekkad]], one of the suburbs of the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajiv Gandhi Co-Operative Multispeciality Hospital {{!}} Palakkad {{!}} India |url=https://palakkad.nic.in/public-utility/rajiv-gandhi-co-operative-multispeciality-hospital/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Ahalia Health Heritage and Knowledge Village|Ahalia Campus]] is the largest edu-health campus in Kerala located about 18 km from centre of the city, consists of 3 hospitals and 1 medical college including [[Ahalia Health Heritage and Knowledge Village|Ahalia Foundation Eye Hospital]], [[Ahalia Health Heritage and Knowledge Village|Ahalia Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital]], [[Ahalia Health Heritage and Knowledge Village|Ahalia Diabetes Hospital]] and [[Ahalia Health Heritage and Knowledge Village|Ahalia Women and Children's Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://ahalia.in/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Ahalia Health Heritage & Knowledge Village |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Notable people== |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=22em| |
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* [[E Sreedharan]] |
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* [[P. R. Pisharoty]] (Kollengode, Father of remote sensing in India) |
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*[[Vella Eacharan]] |
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*[[K. Sankaranarayanan]] (former Governor of Maharashtra, Nagaland Jharkhand, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh) |
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*[[T. N. Seshan]] (former Chief Election Commissioner) |
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* [[Vidya Balan]] |
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* [[K. P. Kesava Menon|K P Kesava Menon]] |
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* [[Sudev Nair]] |
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* E. K. Niranjan (decorated military officer) |
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* [[V. P. Menon|V P Menon]] |
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* [[Kunjan Nambiar]] |
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* [[Olappamanna]] |
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* [[M T Vasudevan Nair]] |
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* [[O V Vijayan]] |
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* [[Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri]] |
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* [[Malayattoor Ramakrishnan]] |
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* [[Shashi Tharoor]] |
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* [[O M C Narayanan Nambudiripad]] |
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* [[Anita Nair]] |
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* [[A. V. Vasudevan Potti]] |
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* [[K. S. Sethumadhavan]] |
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* [[Shankar Mahadevan]] (playback singer and composer) |
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* [[M. G. Ramachandran]] |
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* [[P. Unnikrishnan]] |
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* [[Rajesh Hebbar]] |
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* [[K. S. Sethumadhavan]] |
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* [[Lakshmy Ramakrishnan]] |
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* [[O.Rajagopal]] |
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* [[Shyamaprasad]] |
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* [[P. U. Chitra]] |
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* [[Vidya Vox]] |
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* [[Rahul Sadasivan]] |
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* [[Vivek Ramaswamy]] |
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}} |
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== Culture == |
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Palakkad is a city where people from all religions live together with peace. Many temples, mosques churches and other religious centres are located in and around the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Temples at Palakkad |url=https://www.palakkadtourism.org/temples.php |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=www.palakkadtourism.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mosque at Palakkad district, Kerala |url=https://www.helpmecovid.com/in/kerala/palakkad-district/mosque/ |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=www.helpmecovid.com}}</ref> [[Manappullikavu Vela]] is one of the largest fests that takes place in the city. It is hosted by 8 sets of committees or deshams. Large crowds gather in front of the fort for witnessing the fest. Elephants and fireworks are the highlights.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manappullikavu Vela of Sree Manapulli Bhagavathy Temple {{!}} Festivals of Kerala |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/ |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en}}</ref> [[Kalpathi Ratholsavam]] is an annual fest that takes place in [[Kalpathy]], which is the first heritage village in Kerala. Chariot is the main attraction of the fest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalpathi Ratholsavam - the chariot festival at Sree Viswanatha Swamy Temple, Palakkad |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/event/kalpathi-ratholsavam/37 |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=Kerala Tourism |language=en}}</ref> There are also many other festivals in the city where people come and enjoy with unity by forgetting about religion. |
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Heritage villages or mostly called by [[Agraharam]]s are important as far as the city is concerned. There are around 24 heritage villages in and around the city<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Chathapuram Agraharam – Chathapuram Sri Prasanna Maha Ganapathy Temple |url=http://chathapuramtemple.in/wp/history-of-chathapuram-agraharam/ |access-date=2022-09-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> where the Tamil Brahmins migrated from parts Tamil Nadu many years before live together.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-13 |title=Palakkad - Agraharams - |url=https://touringwithpk.com/palakkad-agraharams/ |access-date=2022-09-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> A [[Jainimedu Jain temple|Jain temple]] is located at [[Jainamedu]], one of the suburbs of the city and is one of the few places in Kerala where the vestiges of [[Jainism]] in Kerala have survived.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathew |first=Biju |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fjWPiQyOwGkC |title=Kerala Tradition & Fascinating Destinations 2012 |date=2012-08-01 |publisher=Biju Mathew {{!}} Info Kerala Communications Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-921284-1-2 |language=en}}</ref> Sree Emoor Bhagavathy temple located at [[Kallekulangara]], another suburb of the city is believed to be consecrated by Parasurama for the safety of Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SREE EMOOR BHAGAVATHY DEVASWOM {{!}} KALLEKULANGARA {{!}} PALAKKAD |url=https://sreeemoorbhagavathy.org/ |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=sreeemoorbhagavathy.org}}</ref> Holy Trinity English Church located near [[Palakkad Fort]] was established in the year 1855.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Holy Trinity English Church at Palakkad |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/photo-gallery/holy-trinity-english-church/2288 |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=Kerala Tourism |language=en}}</ref> The only Urdu Juma Masjid in Kerala is located at Diara Street.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daira Street Urdu Juma Masjid, Palakkad |url=https://www.palakkadtourism.org/dira-street-juma-masjid.php |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=www.palakkadtourism.org}}</ref> |
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[[File:Kalpathy Palakkad.jpg|thumb|A street in Kalpathy]] |
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==Media== |
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Some of the major [[Malayalam]] and English newspapers from Kerala including ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'', ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'', |
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''[[Deshabhimani]]'', and ''[[Suprabhaatham Daily]]'' have printing centers in the city, and there are also few evening newspapers published in the city. Local news channels like (ACV) are also functioning in the city. Palakkad Press Club is located on Robinson road, Sultanpet. A private FM Station operating in Palakkad at Ahalya Campus. There is a long-term demand for setting up a government FM Station in Palakkad. At present total number of 8 [[movie theater|cinema halls]] are operational in Palakkad which screens [[Malayalam]], English, [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] movies, there are few other [[multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex]] screens are under construction and expect to open near future in and around the city. |
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==Sports== |
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Palakkad has a rich history of producing some world class athletes in the state, Palakkad, Indira Gandhi Municipal Stadium in the center of city was once used for Major sports meets and football matches in state, now the stadium is not in condition for conducting games due to the lack of maintenance, There is a proposal for the renovation of the stadium with international facilities by the Municipality,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/sports-news/palakkad-municipal-stadium-turns-into-dump-yard-covered-with-weeds-1.3209529|title = Palakkad municipal stadium turns into dump yard covered with weeds}}</ref> The city has [[Fort Maidan]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58364.html| title = Fort Maidan {{!}} India {{!}} Cricket Grounds {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com}}</ref> also known as Kota Maidanam, is a multi-use stadium in the center of the Palakkad, India. It is currently used mostly for [[cricket]] matches. Fort Maidan holds a maximum capacity of 10,000 people at a time. Up until 2002 the ground was considered for local cricket only.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/1962.html|title = The Home of CricketArchive}}</ref> In 2003, [[Ranji Trophy]] was introduced in Fort Maidan. The city has an indoor stadium<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.palakkadtourism.org/palakkad-indoor-stadium.php|title = Palakkad Indoor Stadium}}</ref> located near [[Government Victoria College, Palakkad]] with a total area of {{convert|100000|sqft}} with commercial establishments is still unfinished & incomplete. There is a Synthetic Track with Eight lines operational in the ground of the [[Government Medical College, Palakkad]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/synthetic-track-for-palakkad/article7623914.ece|title=Synthetic track for Palakkad|newspaper=The Hindu|date=7 September 2015}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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*[[Palakkad North]] |
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*[[Palakkad South]] |
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*[[Economy of Palakkad]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Palakkad}} |
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* {{wikivoyage inline|Palakkad}} |
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* [http://www.palakkad.gov.in] – Official Website of Palakkad District Administration |
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* [http://www.palakkadtourism.org Palakkad District Tourism information] – Palakkad District Tourism-Information |
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{{Kerala}} |
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{{Municipalities of Kerala}} |
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{{Malabar}} |
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{{South Malabar}} |
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{{Palakkad district}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Palakkad| ]] |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Palakkad district]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:31, 4 January 2025
Palakkad
Palghat | |
|---|---|
City | |
 From top Left to Right : Palakkad Municipal Office, IIT Palakkad, Government Victoria College, Palakkad, Chandranagar roundabout, Night view of Palakkad, Skyline of Palakkad | |
| Nickname: Gateway of Kerala | |
  Palakkad  Palakkad | |
| Coordinates: 10°46′30″N 76°39′04″E / 10.775°N 76.651°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Kerala |
| Region | South Malabar |
| District | Palakkad |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | Palakkad Municipality |
| • Chairperson | Prameela Sasidharan (BJP) |
| • Deputy Chairman | E. Krishnadas (BJP) |
| • Member of Legislative Assembly | Rahul Mamkootathil (INC) |
| • District Collector | S. Chithra, IAS |
| Area | |
• City | 26.60 km2 (10.27 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 123.32 km2 (47.61 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 84 m (276 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• City | 130,955 |
| • Density | 4,900/km2 (13,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 293,533 |
| Demonym | Palakkadan |
| Language | |
| • Official | Malayalam |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Postal Index Number | 678 XXX |
| Area code | +91-(0)491 |
| Vehicle registration | KL-09 |
| Climate | Am/Aw (Köppen) |
| Website | palakkadmunicipality.in |
Palakkad (Malayalam: [pɐːlɐkːɐːɖɨ̆] ⓘ), also known as Palghat, historically known as Palakkattussery, is a city and municipality in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of Palakkad District. Palakkad is the most densely populated municipality and the fourth-most densely populated city in the state. It was established before Indian independence under British rule and known by the name Palghat. Palakkad is famous for the ancient Palakkad Fort, which is in the heart of the city and was captured and rebuilt by Hyder Ali in 1766 which later fell into the hands of Zamorin in 1784. The city is about 347 kilometres (216 mi) northeast of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram.
The 18th-century Palakkad Fort has sturdy battlements, a moat, and a Hanuman temple on its grounds. North on the Kalpathy River, the 15th-century Viswanatha Swamy Temple is the main venue of the Ratholsavam chariot festival. The river Bharathappuzha flows through Palakkad.[3] Palakkad is on the northern bank of Bharathappuzha River.[3]
Palakkad was included in the South Malabar region of Malabar District during the British Raj. The municipality of Palakkad was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850) of the British Indian Empire, along with the municipalities of Kozhikode, Kannur, Thalassery, and Fort Kochi, making them Kerala's oldest modern municipalities.
Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad is the first and only Indian Institute of Technology in Kerala.[4][5] It is also home to Government Victoria College, one of the state's oldest institutes of higher education, opened in 1888, and NSS College of Engineering, the fourth engineering college in Kerala, opened in 1960. Mercy College is a women's college located in the city which was established in 1964. It is the first Women's college in the Palakkad District.
Palakkad Railway Division of Southern Railway Zone, one of India's oldest Railway Divisions, is headquartered here. A residential colony of the railway employees of Palakkad Railway Division known as Hemambika Nagar Railway Colony, one of the residential colonies under Southern Railway, is also near the office.[6] The only school in the state run by Southern Railways is within the colony.[7] Multi-Disciplinary Divisional Training Institute (MDDTI) for Group C and D employees of the division is also inside the colony.[8]
Etymology
[edit]The commonly held belief is that the name Palakkad is a fusion of two Malayalam words: pāla, which is the local name for blackboard tree (Alstonia scholaris), and kāṭŭ, which means forest.[9]
History
[edit]
The region around Coimbatore was ruled by the Cheras during Sangam period between the first and fourth centuries CE and served as the eastern entrance to the Palakkad Gap, the principal trade route between the Malabar Coast and Tamil Nadu.[10] Palakkad city was ruled by the Palakkad Rajas (Tarur Swaroopam).[11] Palakkad Raja had the right over the Taluks of Palakkad, Alathur, and Chittur. Chittur Taluk was part of Cochin Kingdom.[11] The original headquarters of Palakkad Rajas were at Athavanad, Tirur Taluk, in present-day Malappuram district.[11] It is said that their lands at Athavanad area were given to the Azhvanchery Thamprakkal and the Palakkad-Chittur areas were bought from them instead.[11] The territory of Palakkad Rajas had been under the Zamorin of Calicut for sometime.[11]
In 1757, to resist the invasion of the Zamorin of Kozhikode, the Palakkad Raja sought the help of the Hyder Ali of Mysore.[12] In 1766, Hyder Ali defeated the Zamorin of Kozhikode – an East India Company ally at the time – and absorbed Kozhikode into his state.[12] The Hyder Ali rebuilt Palakkad Fort in 1766.[13] The smaller princely states in northern and north-central parts of Kerala (Malabar District) including Kolathunadu, Kottayam, Kadathanadu, Kozhikode, Tanur, Valluvanad, and Palakkad were unified under Mysore and were made a part of the larger Kingdom of Mysore.[14] His son and successor, Tipu Sultan, launched campaigns against the expanding British East India Company, resulting in two of the four Anglo-Mysore Wars.[15][16]
Tipu ultimately ceded the Malabar District and South Kanara to the company in the 1790s as a result of the Third Anglo-Mysore War and the subsequent Treaty of Seringapatam; both were annexed to the Bombay Presidency (which had also included other regions in the western coast of India) of British India in the years 1792 and 1799, respectively.[17][18][19] Later in 1800, both of the Malabar District and South Canara were separated from Bombay presidency to merge them with the neighbouring Madras Presidency.[13] Palakkad was under British Raj until 1947.
The municipality of Palakkad was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850)[20][21][22][23] of the British Indian Empire, along with the municipalities of Kozhikode, Kannur, Thalassery, and Fort Kochi, making them the first modern municipalities in the modern state of Kerala.
At the time of 1951 Census of India, Palakkad was the second-largest city in the erstwhile Malabar District after Kozhikode.[24] At that time only two towns in Malabar was treated as cities: Kozhikode and Palakkad.[24] Following the formation of the state of Kerala in 1956, the erstwhile Taluk of Palakkad in Malabar District was divided into three: Palakkad, Alathur, and Chittur. Chittur and few areas of Alathur was part of Cochin Kingdom. and Palakkad district was formed by taking parts of Malabar District and Cochin Kingdom.[13]
Geography
[edit]
Palakkad is the gateway to Kerala due to the presence of the Palakkad Gap in the Western Ghats. The city is in central Kerala. Malayalam is the official language in Palakkad. Two main tributaries of Bharathapuzha, Kalpathi River and Kannadi River flows through the city. Of the numerous dams in Palakkad district, the largest Malampuzha dam is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Palakkad city.[25]
Palakkad is about 347 kilometres (216 mi) northeast of Trivandrum,144 kilometres (89 mi) of Kochi, 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu, 66 kilometres (41 mi) northeast of Thrissur, and 127 kilometres (79 mi) southeast of Kozhikode, which are mainly connected by National Highways, namely Salem-Kochi National Highway NH 544, and Kozhikode-Palakkad National Highway NH 966
Climate
[edit]Palakkad has a tropical wet and dry climate. Temperatures remain moderate throughout the year, with the exception being March and April, the hottest months. A very high amount of precipitation is received in Palakkad, mainly due to the South-West monsoon. July is the wettest month, and the total annual rainfall is around 100 cm.
| Climate data for Palakkad (1981–2010, extremes 1943–2005) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.6 (99.7) |
40.0 (104.0) |
41.4 (106.5) |
41.8 (107.2) |
41.2 (106.2) |
40.4 (104.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.8 (92.8) |
35.8 (96.4) |
36.2 (97.2) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.6 (97.9) |
41.8 (107.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.7 (90.9) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.3 (99.1) |
36.6 (97.9) |
34.5 (94.1) |
29.9 (85.8) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.9 (84.0) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.5 (88.7) |
32.4 (90.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.0 (71.6) |
22.4 (72.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.8 (76.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.4 (66.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 3.6 (0.14) |
3.6 (0.14) |
15.7 (0.62) |
61.3 (2.41) |
125.1 (4.93) |
250.6 (9.87) |
403.2 (15.87) |
190.3 (7.49) |
154.9 (6.10) |
196.1 (7.72) |
102.3 (4.03) |
21.3 (0.84) |
1,838 (72.36) |
| Average rainy days | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 18.7 | 20.0 | 15.8 | 9.2 | 10.1 | 4.7 | 0.9 | 90.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 46 | 39 | 38 | 52 | 60 | 79 | 82 | 81 | 75 | 73 | 65 | 56 | 61 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[26][27] | |||||||||||||
Transport
[edit]Air
[edit]The nearest international airport is Coimbatore International Airport, which is about 62 kilometres (39 mi) from Palakkad.Cochin International Airport and Calicut International Airport serve the city as well.
There has been a proposal for a mini domestic airport at East Yakkara with respect to setting up domestic airports for enhanced air connectivity by the civil aviation ministry of India. 60 acres has been identified for the project at East Yakkara Palakkad.[28]
Railways
[edit]The Palakkad railway division is one of the six administrative divisions of the Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways, is headquartered in the city. Railways played an important role in framing of the city. It was established on August 4, 1956, making one of oldest railway division in India. It manages 588 route kilometers of track in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Mahé (in the Union Territory of Puducherry).
The city is served by two railway stations – Palakkad Junction is a broad gauge railway junction (at Olavakkode, about 4 km from Municipal bus stand) and Palakkad Town railway station in the heart of Palakkad city. Recently, pitline installation has been started at Town Railway Station and is expected to be completed by March 2025. By the completion of this project, it could make not only the city a major railway in the state.[29]
Road
[edit]Palakkad is well connected with all major cities. The NH 544 from Salem to Ernakulam passes through the city. NH 966 starts from Ramanattukara in Kozhikode and joins NH 544 at Chandranagar, one of the suburbs of the city.[30] Other important roads are the Palakkad – Ponnani road which connects to NH 66 . SH 52 begins near Chandranagar, which connects to Pollachi, and SH 27 begins at the Civil Station and connects to Meenakshipuram (Kerala-Tamil Nadu State Border).
Palakkad City has four Bus Stations includes Palakkad KSRTC bus terminal and three Private Bus stands named Stadium Bus Stand, Municipal Bus stand, and Town Bus Stand.
Demographics
[edit]As per 2011 census, population of Palakkad is 130,955; of which male and female are 63,833 and 67,122 respectively.[31]
Total literates in Palakkad city are 112,479, of which 56,065 are males while 56,414 are females. The average literacy rate of Palakkad city is 94.20 percent of which male and female literacy was 96.83 and 91.73 percent. The literacy rate of the Palakkad Metropolitan Area is 92.14%, much higher than the national average of 59.5%.[32][33]
Hindus form 68% of the population with 89098 members.[31] Muslims constitute 27.9% of the population with 36620 members.[31] Christians constitute 3.8% of the population with 5006 members.[31]
Governance
[edit]Legislature
[edit]Palakkad city is represented in the Kerala State Assembly by two elected members, one from Palakkad Assembly constituency and another from Malampuzha Assembly constituency. Palakkad Municipality forms part of Palakkad Assembly Constituency. As of 2021, Shafi Parambil is the representative of Palakkad Assembly Constituency and A. Prabhakaran is the representative of Malampuzha Assembly Constituency.
The city is also a part of the Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency and elects a member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, every five years. The current MP is V. K. Sreekandan of the Indian National Congress.
Executive
[edit]Collectorate of Palakkad district is located in the city. Many other offices including District Court Complex and District Panchayat Office are also in the city. Palakkad taluk office is also in civil station, and administers an area of 713 km2 with a population of 6,21,622, making it the district's most populous taluk.
Law and order
[edit]The city is the headquarters of Palakkad District Police.[34] Mainly, three police stations serve the city: North, South, and Traffic police stations.[35][36][37] Hemambika Nagar, Palakkad Kasaba, Malampuzha and Walayar Police Stations also serve the city.[38][39][40][41] Kerala Armed Police 2 Battalion is situated at Muttikulangara, one of the suburbs.[42] District Armed Reserved Police Camp of Palakkad district is in Kallekkad, about 10 km from the centre of the city.[43]
Economy
[edit]
The presence of Palakkad Gap and proximity to Coimbatore makes Palakkad economically important. British Physical Laboratories (BPL) was founded in 1963 in Palakkad. Market Road is one of the oldest and longest roads devoted to trade and commerce. It stretches from Melamuri Junction on the west to Shakunthala Junction on the east, covering 3 km, and was Palakkatussery's commercial centre and a major marketplace.[44] This stretch of the city is known as Valiyangadi or Big Bazaar. Many wholesale shops are along this road. Kanjikode area of Palakkad city is second largest industrial hub in Kerala after Kochi.[45] Kanjikode has many companies like Indian Telephone Industries Limited (ITI), Instrumentation Limited,[46] Fluid Control Research Institute(FCRI),[47]Saint-Gobain India Private Limited (formerly SEPR Refractories India Private Limited), Patspin India Ltd,[48] Pepsi, PPS steel (Kerala) PVT Ltd, United Breweries, Empee Distilleries, Marico, Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML), Rubfila International Ltd, Sitics Logistics, Arya Vaidya Pharmacy,[49] Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala[50] have production facilities. There are also many other steel manufacturing units and other production centres making it second largest industrial area in Kerala.
The commercialization of Palakkad city is Picking up and growing at a steady pace in recent years, Nowadays Palakkad city and the suburbs are witnessing a rapid amount of commercial and public development activities.[51] The developments are mainly concentrated on the bypass roads, Both Stadium and Calicut bypass roads[52][53] passing through the city are getting major commercial projects. Major national and international branded Retail chains, food chains, Restaurants, Hotels, Shopping complexes, Textiles, branded jewellers, and Vehicle Showrooms, are functioning in and around the city. There are many housing colonies consisting of Villas and apartments also present in Palakkad City and its suburbs.[54][55][56]
Civic Administration
[edit]On 3 July 1866, the Governor of Madras declared Palakkad as a city.[57] The municipality of Palakkad was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865. (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850).[58] On 11 September 1912, the system of electing the city father by the councillors began.[57] City Council expanded to 28 wards in 1938, 32 wards in 1973 and 36 wards in 1978.[57] During the period 1995–98 and in 2015 when Municipality celebrated 150 years, there were proposals to upgrade Palakkad Municipality to a Municipal Corporation.[59][60][61] Palakkad Municipality has 52 wards now, headed by Municipal Chairperson.[62] The current Chairperson of Palakkad Municipality is K.Priya Ajayan and E. Krishnadas is the deputy chairman.
Proposed Palakkad Municipal Corporation
[edit]The metropolitan area of Palakkad includes Palakkad Municipality, Hemambika Nagar, Marutharode, Mathur, Pirayiri, Pudussery West, Pudussery Central and Puthupariyaram.[33] Its urban / metropolitan population is 293,566 of which 143,650 are males and 149,916 are females. The proposed Palakkad Municipal Corporation has an area of 197.566 km2.[63] Following local bodies are the local bodies which supposed to be the part.
- Palakkad Municipality
- Pirayiri
- Marutharode
- Mathur
- Puthupariyaram
- Akathethara
- Pudussery Central
- Pudussery West
- Kodumba (Urban areas only)
- Kannadi (Urban areas only)
- Malampuzha (excluding rural and forest areas)[64]
Education
[edit]The city of Palakkad has number of Prominent Educational Institutions which provide a great platform for higher education.Government Victoria College, Palakkad was established in the year 1866, making it one of the oldest institution of higher learning in Kerala. First and the only Indian Institute of Technology in the state of Kerala, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad is located in the city. The campus currently functions in two campuses-temporary one at Ahalia Campus and the Nila campus which are separated by 13 km. It is one of the five new IITs proposed in the 2014 Union budget of India.
Government Medical College, Palakkad, started in 2014 is the first Government medical college in the district. It is the first medical college in country under Scheduled caste Development Department. NSS College of Engineering at Akathethara, is the fourth Engineering Institution established in Kerala, India. It was founded in 1960 by Nair Service Society.The college is one among the only three Govt-Aided Engineering college in Kerala and is the first Govt-Aided Engineering college accredited by NBA of AICTE. Chembai Memorial Government Music College is one of the main center of excellence in teaching Carnatic music in the state. It was given the name of the legendary Carnatic musician Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar from Palakkad. Mercy College is a women's college located in the city which was established in 1964. It is the first Women's college in the Palakkad District. The college is organized by the University Grants Commission.
Ahalia Campus is the largest Edu-health campus in Kerala. It is located about 18 km from the centre of the city consisting of a number of educational institutions and medical institutes. It has three hospitals, one medical college, one school and five colleges which includes an engineering college, college of pharmacy, college of optometry, college of paramedical sciences and college of management. Basel Evangelical Mission Higher Secondary School, located in the city was established in 1858 making it one of the oldest schools in Kerala. Government Moyan Model Girls Higher Secondary School located in College Road was founded in 1917 and is one of the largest government schools in the state and one of the schools having large strength of students studying.[65]
Healthcare
[edit]First government medical college in the district (Government Medical College, Palakkad) is located in the city. District Hospital located in Court Road is one of biggest district hospitals in Kerala. There are also some private hospitals for serving the city. Rajiv Gandhi Co-Operative Multispeciality Hospital is a Cooperative Hospital located at Kallekkad, one of the suburbs of the city.[66]Ahalia Campus is the largest edu-health campus in Kerala located about 18 km from centre of the city, consists of 3 hospitals and 1 medical college including Ahalia Foundation Eye Hospital, Ahalia Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Ahalia Diabetes Hospital and Ahalia Women and Children's Hospital.[67]
Notable people
[edit]- E Sreedharan
- P. R. Pisharoty (Kollengode, Father of remote sensing in India)
- Vella Eacharan
- K. Sankaranarayanan (former Governor of Maharashtra, Nagaland Jharkhand, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh)
- T. N. Seshan (former Chief Election Commissioner)
- Vidya Balan
- K P Kesava Menon
- Sudev Nair
- E. K. Niranjan (decorated military officer)
- V P Menon
- Kunjan Nambiar
- Olappamanna
- M T Vasudevan Nair
- O V Vijayan
- Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri
- Malayattoor Ramakrishnan
- Shashi Tharoor
- O M C Narayanan Nambudiripad
- Anita Nair
- A. V. Vasudevan Potti
- K. S. Sethumadhavan
- Shankar Mahadevan (playback singer and composer)
- M. G. Ramachandran
- P. Unnikrishnan
- Rajesh Hebbar
- K. S. Sethumadhavan
- Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- O.Rajagopal
- Shyamaprasad
- P. U. Chitra
- Vidya Vox
- Rahul Sadasivan
- Vivek Ramaswamy
Culture
[edit]Palakkad is a city where people from all religions live together with peace. Many temples, mosques churches and other religious centres are located in and around the city.[68][69] Manappullikavu Vela is one of the largest fests that takes place in the city. It is hosted by 8 sets of committees or deshams. Large crowds gather in front of the fort for witnessing the fest. Elephants and fireworks are the highlights.[70] Kalpathi Ratholsavam is an annual fest that takes place in Kalpathy, which is the first heritage village in Kerala. Chariot is the main attraction of the fest.[71] There are also many other festivals in the city where people come and enjoy with unity by forgetting about religion.
Heritage villages or mostly called by Agraharams are important as far as the city is concerned. There are around 24 heritage villages in and around the city[72] where the Tamil Brahmins migrated from parts Tamil Nadu many years before live together.[73] A Jain temple is located at Jainamedu, one of the suburbs of the city and is one of the few places in Kerala where the vestiges of Jainism in Kerala have survived.[74] Sree Emoor Bhagavathy temple located at Kallekulangara, another suburb of the city is believed to be consecrated by Parasurama for the safety of Kerala.[75] Holy Trinity English Church located near Palakkad Fort was established in the year 1855.[76] The only Urdu Juma Masjid in Kerala is located at Diara Street.[77]
Media
[edit]Some of the major Malayalam and English newspapers from Kerala including Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Deshabhimani, and Suprabhaatham Daily have printing centers in the city, and there are also few evening newspapers published in the city. Local news channels like (ACV) are also functioning in the city. Palakkad Press Club is located on Robinson road, Sultanpet. A private FM Station operating in Palakkad at Ahalya Campus. There is a long-term demand for setting up a government FM Station in Palakkad. At present total number of 8 cinema halls are operational in Palakkad which screens Malayalam, English, Tamil, and Hindi movies, there are few other multiplex screens are under construction and expect to open near future in and around the city.
Sports
[edit]Palakkad has a rich history of producing some world class athletes in the state, Palakkad, Indira Gandhi Municipal Stadium in the center of city was once used for Major sports meets and football matches in state, now the stadium is not in condition for conducting games due to the lack of maintenance, There is a proposal for the renovation of the stadium with international facilities by the Municipality,[78] The city has Fort Maidan[79] also known as Kota Maidanam, is a multi-use stadium in the center of the Palakkad, India. It is currently used mostly for cricket matches. Fort Maidan holds a maximum capacity of 10,000 people at a time. Up until 2002 the ground was considered for local cricket only.[80] In 2003, Ranji Trophy was introduced in Fort Maidan. The city has an indoor stadium[81] located near Government Victoria College, Palakkad with a total area of 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) with commercial establishments is still unfinished & incomplete. There is a Synthetic Track with Eight lines operational in the ground of the Government Medical College, Palakkad.[82]
See also
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External links
[edit]
Palakkad travel guide from Wikivoyage- [1] – Official Website of Palakkad District Administration
- Palakkad District Tourism information – Palakkad District Tourism-Information
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