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{{Short description|American politician}}
{{Distinguish|Stephen Salant}}
{{Distinguish|Stephen Salant}}
{{use mdy dates|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Stephen M. Saland
|state_senate = New York State
|district = [[New York's 41st State Senate District|41st]]
|term_start = January 1, 1991
|term_end = December 31, 2012
|preceded = [[Jay P. Rolison Jr.]]
|succeeded = [[Terry Gipson]]
|state_assembly2 = New York
|district2 = 97th
|term_start2 = January 1, 1983
|term_end2 = December 31, 1990
|preceded2 = [[William J. Larkin Jr.]]
|succeeded2 = Donald H. McMillen
|state_assembly3 = New York
|district3 = 99th
|term_start3 = ?? 1980
|term_end3 = December 31, 1982
|preceded3 = [[Emeel S. Betros]]
|succeeded3 = [[Glenn E. Warren]]
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|11|12}}
|birth_place = [[Poughkeepsie, New York]], U.S.
|death_date =
|death_place =
|nationality = [[United States|American]]
|party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|alma_mater = [[University at Buffalo]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Rutgers University]]([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
}}


'''Stephen M. Saland''' (born November 12, 1943) is an [[United States|American]] attorney and politician. He is currently a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] member of the [[New York State Senate]], representing the [[New York's 41st State Senate District|41st District]] since 1990. His district includes all of [[Columbia County, New York|Columbia County]] and most of [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess County]].
'''Stephen M. Saland''' (born November 12, 1943) is an American attorney and politician. He was a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] member of the [[New York State Senate]], representing the [[New York's 41st State Senate District|41st District]] from 1990 to 2012. Prior to his Senate tenure, Saland served in the [[New York State Assembly]]. Saland is notable as one of four Republican Members of the New York State Senate that voted in favor of the [[Marriage Equality Act (New York)|Marriage Equality Act]] in 2011. Following his vote for same-sex marriage, Saland lost his 2012 re-election bid to Democrat [[Terry Gipson]]. Since 2016, Saland has served on the board of the state Thruway Authority.


==Biography==
==Biography==
A native of [[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]], Saland earned a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from the [[University of Buffalo]] in 1965 and a [[Juris Doctor]] from [[Rutgers School of Law–Newark|Rutgers Law School]] in 1968.<ref name=votesmart>{{cite news|work=Project Vote Smart|title=Senator Stephen M. Saland (NY)|url=http://www.votesmart.org/bio.php?can_id=4252}}</ref> He maintains a law practice in Poughkeepsie, where he is of counsel to Gellert & Klein, P.C.<ref name=nysenate>{{cite news|work=New York State Senate|title=Stephen M. Saland's Biography|url=http://www.nysenate.gov/senator/stephen-m-saland/bio}}</ref> He is also a member of the Dutchess County Bar Association and the [[New York State Bar Association]].<ref name=nysenate/>
A native of [[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]], Saland earned a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from the [[University at Buffalo]] in 1965 and a [[Juris Doctor]] from [[Rutgers Law School]] in 1968.<ref name=votesmart>{{cite news|work=Project Vote Smart|title=Senator Stephen M. Saland (NY)|url=http://www.votesmart.org/bio.php?can_id=4252}}</ref>


Saland worked as a legislative aide to a [[New Jersey General Assembly|New Jersey Assemblyman]], and later as an executive assistant to [[New York State Assembly|New York Assemblyman]] [[Emeel Betros]], with whom Saland later became law partners.<ref name=votesmart/> He began his own career in public service as a town councilman in [[Wappinger, New York|Wappinger]].<ref name=nysenate/> In April 1980, Saland was elected to the New York State Assembly from the 99th District in a special election following the death of Assemblyman Betros.<ref name=voting>{{cite news|date=1980-04-13|work=The Evening News|title=7,500 seen voting in the 99th District|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IINGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SS8NAAAAIBAJ&dq=stephen%20saland&pg=3501%2C2113601}}</ref> His first action as a state legislator was to introduce a bill requiring the state to reimburse school districts for interest debts they incurred from borrowing money because of New York's budget crisis.<ref name=sworn>{{cite news|date=1980-04-23|work=The Evening News|title=Saland sworn, seeks school help|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JoNGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SS8NAAAAIBAJ&dq=stephen%20saland&pg=5683%2C3384397}}</ref> He was elected in his own right in November 1980, and served in the State Assembly until 1990, when he was elected to the [[New York State Senate]] to represent the [[New York's 41st State Senate District|41st District]].
Saland worked as a legislative aide to a [[New Jersey General Assembly|New Jersey Assemblyman]], and later as an executive assistant to New York Assemblyman [[Emeel S. Betros]]. Saland worked as a lawyer in Betros' law firm. He began his own career in public service as a town councilman in [[Wappinger, New York|Wappinger]]. In April 1980, Saland was elected to the [[New York State Assembly]] in District 99 to fill the vacancy created by the death of Betros.<ref name=voting>{{cite news|date=1980-04-13|work=The Evening News|title=7,500 seen voting in the 99th District|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IINGAAAAIBAJ&dq=stephen%20saland&pg=3501%2C2113601}}</ref> His first action as a state legislator was to introduce a bill requiring the state to reimburse school districts for interest debts they incurred from borrowing money because of New York's budget crisis.<ref name=sworn>{{cite news|date=1980-04-23|work=The Evening News|title=Saland sworn, seeks school help|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JoNGAAAAIBAJ&dq=stephen%20saland&pg=5683%2C3384397}}</ref> Saland was re-elected several times, and remained in the Assembly until 1990.<ref name="thruway.ny.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thruway.ny.gov/about/staff.html|title = Board and Executive Staff - New York State Thruway}}</ref>


Saland was a member of the [[New York State Senate]] ([[New York's 41st State Senate District|41st District]]) from 1991 to 2012.<ref name="thruway.ny.gov"/> After voting for same-sex marriage in 2011, Saland received a Republican primary challenge from Neil Di Carlo in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitaltonight.com/2012/03/saland-gets-a-primary-challenger/ |title=Saland Gets A Primary Challenger |access-date=3 Oct 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701103056/http://www.capitaltonight.com/2012/03/saland-gets-a-primary-challenger/ |archive-date=2012-07-01 }}</ref> Although Saland won the primary by a margin of 107 votes,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/elections/2012/Primary/2012PrimaryResultsSept.pdf|title=2012 New York State Senate Primary Election Results|website=Elections.NY.gov|access-date=November 29, 2021}}</ref> Di Carlo continued his campaign as the candidate of the Conservative Party. Saland lost the general election to Democrat Terry Gipson<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/archives/172509/officially-steve-saland-concedes-to-gipson/|title=Officially, Steve Saland concedes to Gipson|first1=Jimmy|last1=Vielkind|date=December 13, 2012|website=Capitol Confidential}}</ref> by 2,096 votes;<ref name="elections.ny.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/elections/2012/General/NYSSD_07292013.pdf|title=2012 New York State Senate General Election Results|website=Elections.NY.gov|access-date=November 29, 2021}}</ref> Di Carlo acted as a spoiler,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wamc.org/post/dicarlo-plays-spoiler-ny-41st-senate-race|title=DiCarlo plays spoiler in NY 41st Senate Race|first=Hank|last=Gross|website=www.wamc.org|date=November 7, 2012}}</ref> receiving 17,300 votes on the Conservative line.<ref name="elections.ny.gov"/>
==Marriage vote==
Saland was the decisive vote on June 24, 2011 for New York's [[Marriage Equality Act]], legalizing [[same-sex marriage in New York]].<ref name=Epstein>{{cite news |title=New York gay marriage bill passes |author= |first=Reid J. |last=Epstein |url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/57749.html |newspaper=Politico |quote=After weeks of suspense, Stephen Saland, a Poughkeepsie Republican announced himself on the senate floor as the 32nd senator to back the legislation, tipping the balance in favor of it passing. Saland defined his vote as a matter of conscience during a stirring legal defense of an amendment exempting religious organizations from the law. “I have defined doing the right thing as treating all persons with equality,” Saland said. “And that equality includes the definition of marriage. I fear that to do otherwise would fly in the face of my upbringing.” Saland was joined in announcing his newfound support for gay marriage on the senate floor by Mark Grisanti, a first-term Buffalo Republican who did not declare how he would vote until his floor speech Friday night.}}</ref> Saland had previously voted "no" on same-sex marriage in December 2009.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2009/12/gay-marriage-fails-24-38.html]</ref> Saland announced that he would vote "yes" on June 24, 2011--the same day that the bill came to the Senate floor for a vote.<ref>[http://www.dailyfreeman.com/articles/2011/06/24/news/doc4e053f821a56c107288768.txt]</ref>


In 2016, Saland was appointed to the board of the state Thruway Authority by Gov. [[Andrew Cuomo]]. The State Senate confirmed his appointment in June 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/local/new-york/2016/06/23/saland-joins-thruway-authority-board/86283352/|title=Saland joins Thruway Authority board|work=Poughkeepsie Journal|last=Spector |first=Joseph |date=June 23, 2016}}</ref>
==Personal life==
Saland resides in Poughkeepsie with his wife Linda; they have four sons and four grandchildren.<ref name=nysenate/>


Saland is a direct relative of a former [[Ashkenazic]] [[Chief Rabbi]] of [[Jerusalem]], and this family connection was invoked during the 2011 political lobbying of Senator Saland by local [[Agudath Israel of America|Agudah]] leadership in opposition to legalization of same sex marriage and the Marriage Equality Act.<ref name=Hoffman>{{cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=Allison |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=June 17, 2011 |title=Jewish Lawmaker Key to N.Y. Marriage Bill: Scion of prominent rabbinic family has been lobbied by ultra-Orthodox |journal=Tablet Magazine |url=http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/70277/jewish-lawmaker-holds-key-to-n-y-marriage-bill/ |quote=But he is, according to people familiar with the Agudath campaign, directly related to Shmuel Salant, a prominent rabbi of the late 19th century who served as the Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem until his death in 1909. The Agudath has, accordingly, sweetened its appeals with references to the lawmaker’s family tree—and some enthusiastic supporters in Jerusalem are rumored to have gone so far as to have prayed at Salant’s grave in hopes of his intercession in the matter.|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5zh7E6FmA |archivedate=June 24, 2011}}</ref>
Saland is a direct descendant of a former [[Ashkenazic]] [[Chief Rabbi]] of [[Jerusalem]], [[Shmuel Salant]].<ref name=Hoffman>{{cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=Allison |date=June 17, 2011 |title=Jewish Lawmaker Key to N.Y. Marriage Bill: Scion of prominent rabbinic family has been lobbied by ultra-Orthodox |journal=Tablet Magazine |url=http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/70277/jewish-lawmaker-holds-key-to-n-y-marriage-bill/ |quote=But he is, according to people familiar with the Agudath campaign, directly related to Shmuel Salant, a prominent rabbi of the late 19th century who served as the Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem until his death in 1909. The Agudath has, accordingly, sweetened its appeals with references to the lawmaker's family tree—and some enthusiastic supporters in Jerusalem are rumored to have gone so far as to have prayed at Salant's grave in hopes of his intercession in the matter. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622212228/http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/70277/jewish-lawmaker-holds-key-to-n-y-marriage-bill/ |archive-date=June 22, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>


===2011 same-sex marriage vote===
==See also==
On June 24, 2011, Saland cast the deciding vote in favor of New York's [[Marriage Equality Act (New York)|Marriage Equality Act]], which legalized [[same-sex marriage in New York]]. Saland announced that he would vote "yes" on June 24, 2011—the same day that the bill came to the Senate floor for a vote.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyfreeman.com/articles/2011/06/24/news/doc4e053f821a56c107288768.txt|work=Daily Freeman|title=Saland to vote 'yes' on gay marriage|access-date=3 Oct 2012}}</ref> Saland had previously voted "no" on same-sex marriage in December 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/archives/20479/gay-marriage-vote-tally/|title = Gay marriage defeated|date = December 2, 2009|website=TimesUnion.com |last=Liu |first=Irene}}</ref> While speaking in defense of an amendment exempting religious organizations from recognizing same-sex marriage, Saland described his vote as a vote of conscience: "I have defined doing the right thing as treating all persons with equality ... And that equality includes the definition of marriage. I fear that to do otherwise would fly in the face of my upbringing".<ref name=Epstein>{{cite news|title=New York gay marriage bill passes|first=Reid J. |last=Epstein|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/57749.html|newspaper=Politico|date=June 24, 2011|quote=After weeks of suspense, Stephen Saland, a Poughkeepsie Republican announced himself on the senate floor as the 32nd senator to back the legislation, tipping the balance in favor of it passing. Saland defined his vote as a matter of conscience: "I have defined doing the right thing as treating all persons with equality ... And that quality includes the definition of marriage. I fear that to do otherwise would fly in the face of my upbringing", Saland stated and was joined in announcing his newfound support for gay marriage on the senate floor by Mark Grisanti, a first-term Buffalo Republican who did not declare how he would vote until his floor speech Friday night.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna43507672 |title=New York becomes sixth and largest state to legalize gay marriage |website=NBCNews.com|last=Gormley |first=Michael|date=June 23, 2011|access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref> Saland was one of four Republican state senators that voted in favor of the [[Marriage Equality Act (New York)|Marriage Equality Act]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/06/new-york-legislature-legalizes-gay-marriage-in-33-29-vote/241025/|title = New York Legislature Legalizes Gay Marriage in 33-29 Vote|date = June 24, 2011|website=TheAtlantic.com|last=Jackson|first=Nicholas}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/nyregion/gay-marriage-approved-by-new-york-senate.html|title = New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law|newspaper = The New York Times|date = June 25, 2011|last1 = Confessore|first1 = Nicholas|last2 = Barbaro|first2 = Michael}}</ref>
* [[2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis]]


==Sources==
==Sources==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
*{{C-SPAN|34083}}
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{{succession box|title=[[New York State Assembly|New York State Assembly, 99th District]]|before=[[Emeel Betros]]|years=1980&ndash;1982|after=[[Glenn Warren]] }}
{{succession box | title = Member of the [[New York State Assembly]]<br>from the [[New York's 99th State Assembly district|99th]] district | before = [[Emeel S. Betros]] | years = 1980–1982 | after = [[Glenn E. Warren]]}}
{{succession box|title=[[New York State Assembly|New York State Assembly, 97th District]]|before=[[Bill Larkin]]|years=1983&ndash;1990|after=[[Donald McMillen]] }}
{{succession box | title = Member of the [[New York State Assembly]]<br>from the 97th district | before = [[William J. Larkin Jr.]] | years = 1983–1990 | after = [[Donald H. McMillen]]}}
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{{succession box | title = Member of the [[New York State Senate]]<br>from the [[New York's 41st State Senate district|41st]] district | before = [[Jay P. Rolison Jr.]] | years = 1991–2012 | after = [[Terry Gipson]]}}
{{succession box | title = [[New York State Senate]] <br>Chairman of the Committee on Codes | before = [[Eric Schneiderman]] | years = 2011–2012 | after = [[Michael F. Nozzolio]]}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Saland, Stephen M.}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
[[Category:1943 births]]
| NAME = Saland, Stephen
[[Category:Jewish American state legislators in New York (state)]]
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = November 12, 1943
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saland, Stephen}}
[[Category:Members of the New York State Assembly]]
[[Category:New York State Senators]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:New York Republicans]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly]]
[[Category:Jewish American politicians]]
[[Category:Republican Party New York (state) state senators]]
[[Category:People from Dutchess County, New York]]
[[Category:Politicians from Poughkeepsie, New York]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:University at Buffalo alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century American Jews]]

[[Category:21st-century members of the New York State Legislature]]

[[Category:20th-century members of the New York State Legislature]]
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Latest revision as of 00:16, 6 December 2024

Stephen M. Saland
Member of the New York State Senate
from the 41st district
In office
January 1, 1991 – December 31, 2012
Preceded byJay P. Rolison Jr.
Succeeded byTerry Gipson
Member of the New York State Assembly
from the 97th district
In office
January 1, 1983 – December 31, 1990
Preceded byWilliam J. Larkin Jr.
Succeeded byDonald H. McMillen
Member of the New York State Assembly
from the 99th district
In office
?? 1980 – December 31, 1982
Preceded byEmeel S. Betros
Succeeded byGlenn E. Warren
Personal details
Born (1943-11-12) November 12, 1943 (age 81)
Poughkeepsie, New York, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Alma materUniversity at Buffalo (BA)
Rutgers University(JD)

Stephen M. Saland (born November 12, 1943) is an American attorney and politician. He was a Republican member of the New York State Senate, representing the 41st District from 1990 to 2012. Prior to his Senate tenure, Saland served in the New York State Assembly. Saland is notable as one of four Republican Members of the New York State Senate that voted in favor of the Marriage Equality Act in 2011. Following his vote for same-sex marriage, Saland lost his 2012 re-election bid to Democrat Terry Gipson. Since 2016, Saland has served on the board of the state Thruway Authority.

Biography

[edit]

A native of Poughkeepsie, Saland earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University at Buffalo in 1965 and a Juris Doctor from Rutgers Law School in 1968.[1]

Saland worked as a legislative aide to a New Jersey Assemblyman, and later as an executive assistant to New York Assemblyman Emeel S. Betros. Saland worked as a lawyer in Betros' law firm. He began his own career in public service as a town councilman in Wappinger. In April 1980, Saland was elected to the New York State Assembly in District 99 to fill the vacancy created by the death of Betros.[2] His first action as a state legislator was to introduce a bill requiring the state to reimburse school districts for interest debts they incurred from borrowing money because of New York's budget crisis.[3] Saland was re-elected several times, and remained in the Assembly until 1990.[4]

Saland was a member of the New York State Senate (41st District) from 1991 to 2012.[4] After voting for same-sex marriage in 2011, Saland received a Republican primary challenge from Neil Di Carlo in 2012.[5] Although Saland won the primary by a margin of 107 votes,[6] Di Carlo continued his campaign as the candidate of the Conservative Party. Saland lost the general election to Democrat Terry Gipson[7] by 2,096 votes;[8] Di Carlo acted as a spoiler,[9] receiving 17,300 votes on the Conservative line.[8]

In 2016, Saland was appointed to the board of the state Thruway Authority by Gov. Andrew Cuomo. The State Senate confirmed his appointment in June 2016.[10]

Saland is a direct descendant of a former Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem, Shmuel Salant.[11]

2011 same-sex marriage vote

[edit]

On June 24, 2011, Saland cast the deciding vote in favor of New York's Marriage Equality Act, which legalized same-sex marriage in New York. Saland announced that he would vote "yes" on June 24, 2011—the same day that the bill came to the Senate floor for a vote.[12] Saland had previously voted "no" on same-sex marriage in December 2009.[13] While speaking in defense of an amendment exempting religious organizations from recognizing same-sex marriage, Saland described his vote as a vote of conscience: "I have defined doing the right thing as treating all persons with equality ... And that equality includes the definition of marriage. I fear that to do otherwise would fly in the face of my upbringing".[14][15] Saland was one of four Republican state senators that voted in favor of the Marriage Equality Act.[16][17]

Sources

[edit]
  1. ^ "Senator Stephen M. Saland (NY)". Project Vote Smart.
  2. ^ "7,500 seen voting in the 99th District". The Evening News. April 13, 1980.
  3. ^ "Saland sworn, seeks school help". The Evening News. April 23, 1980.
  4. ^ a b "Board and Executive Staff - New York State Thruway".
  5. ^ "Saland Gets A Primary Challenger". Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
  6. ^ "2012 New York State Senate Primary Election Results" (PDF). Elections.NY.gov. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  7. ^ Vielkind, Jimmy (December 13, 2012). "Officially, Steve Saland concedes to Gipson". Capitol Confidential.
  8. ^ a b "2012 New York State Senate General Election Results" (PDF). Elections.NY.gov. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  9. ^ Gross, Hank (November 7, 2012). "DiCarlo plays spoiler in NY 41st Senate Race". www.wamc.org.
  10. ^ Spector, Joseph (June 23, 2016). "Saland joins Thruway Authority board". Poughkeepsie Journal.
  11. ^ Hoffman, Allison (June 17, 2011). "Jewish Lawmaker Key to N.Y. Marriage Bill: Scion of prominent rabbinic family has been lobbied by ultra-Orthodox". Tablet Magazine. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. But he is, according to people familiar with the Agudath campaign, directly related to Shmuel Salant, a prominent rabbi of the late 19th century who served as the Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem until his death in 1909. The Agudath has, accordingly, sweetened its appeals with references to the lawmaker's family tree—and some enthusiastic supporters in Jerusalem are rumored to have gone so far as to have prayed at Salant's grave in hopes of his intercession in the matter.
  12. ^ "Saland to vote 'yes' on gay marriage". Daily Freeman. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
  13. ^ Liu, Irene (December 2, 2009). "Gay marriage defeated". TimesUnion.com.
  14. ^ Epstein, Reid J. (June 24, 2011). "New York gay marriage bill passes". Politico. After weeks of suspense, Stephen Saland, a Poughkeepsie Republican announced himself on the senate floor as the 32nd senator to back the legislation, tipping the balance in favor of it passing. Saland defined his vote as a matter of conscience: "I have defined doing the right thing as treating all persons with equality ... And that quality includes the definition of marriage. I fear that to do otherwise would fly in the face of my upbringing", Saland stated and was joined in announcing his newfound support for gay marriage on the senate floor by Mark Grisanti, a first-term Buffalo Republican who did not declare how he would vote until his floor speech Friday night.
  15. ^ Gormley, Michael (June 23, 2011). "New York becomes sixth and largest state to legalize gay marriage". NBCNews.com. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  16. ^ Jackson, Nicholas (June 24, 2011). "New York Legislature Legalizes Gay Marriage in 33-29 Vote". TheAtlantic.com.
  17. ^ Confessore, Nicholas; Barbaro, Michael (June 25, 2011). "New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law". The New York Times.
[edit]
New York State Assembly
Preceded by Member of the New York State Assembly
from the 99th district

1980–1982
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of the New York State Assembly
from the 97th district

1983–1990
Succeeded by
New York State Senate
Preceded by Member of the New York State Senate
from the 41st district

1991–2012
Succeeded by
Preceded by New York State Senate
Chairman of the Committee on Codes

2011–2012
Succeeded by