Alda of Alania: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|11th-century Alan princess}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Alda''' or '''Alde''' was an 11th-century [[Alania|Alan]] princess and the second wife of King [[George I of Georgia]] (r. 1014–1027). The couple had a son, [[Demetrius of Anacopia|Demetre]], who played a notable role in the civil unrest of Georgia during the reign of his half-brother [[Bagrat IV of Georgia|Bagrat IV]].<ref name="Toumanoff">Toumanoff (1976), pp. 121 & 545.</ref> |
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[[File:Wife and son of King George I of Georgia meeting Byzantine Emperor.jpg|thumb|300px|Alda and her son, Demetre shown at far left, meeting Byzantine emperor. ''[[Skylitzes Chronicle]]''.]] |
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| ⚫ | '''Alda''' ({{lang-ka|ალდა}}) or '''Alde''' ({{lang|ka|ალდე}}) was an 11th-century [[Alania|Alan]] princess and the second wife of King [[George I of Georgia]] (r. 1014–1027). The couple had a son, [[Demetrius of Anacopia|Demetre]], who played a notable role in the civil unrest of Georgia during the reign of his half-brother [[Bagrat IV of Georgia|Bagrat IV]].<ref name="Toumanoff">Toumanoff (1976), pp. 121 & 545.</ref> |
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The "second wife" of George I is mentioned by the medieval Georgian chronicles in a passage relating a futile attempt by a noble party to promote her son, who lived in [[Anakopia]] on the shores of [[Abkhazia]], to the throne of Georgia after George's death. Subsequently Demetre defected to the Byzantines and surrendered Anakopia to the [[Byzantine emperor|emperor]] [[Romanos III Argyros]] (c. 1033). In the same passage, she is referred to as a "daughter of the king of the Ossetes", "Ossetes" being a Georgian designation of the [[Alans]].<ref>Thomson (1996), p. 288.</ref> Her name Alda ({{ |
The "second wife" of George I is mentioned by the medieval Georgian chronicles in a passage relating a futile attempt by a noble party to promote her son, who lived in [[Anakopia]] on the shores of [[Abkhazia]], to the throne of Georgia after George's death. Subsequently, Demetre defected to the Byzantines and surrendered Anakopia to the [[Byzantine emperor|emperor]] [[Romanos III Argyros]] (c. 1033). In the same passage, she is referred to as a "daughter of the king of the Ossetes", "Ossetes" being a Georgian designation of the [[Alans]].<ref>Thomson (1996), p. 288.</ref> Her name Alda ({{langx|el|Ἀλδή}}) is known from the contemporaneous [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] sources. [[John Skylitzes]], corroborating with the Georgian annals, reports that Alda, "wife of George... of the Alan race" surrendered "the very strong fort of Anakopia" to the emperor who honored her son Demetre with the rank of ''[[magistros]]''.<ref>Alemany (2000), p. 222.</ref><ref>Seibt (2012), pp. 174-178.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | As no direct reference to George's repudiation of his first wife [[Mariam of Vaspurakan|Mariam]] is found in the Georgian chronicles, Alda is thought by some historians, such as [[Marie-Félicité Brosset]],<ref>Brosset (1849), p. 315, n. 4.</ref> to have been a concubine, but the legitimacy of George's marriage to Alda does not appear to be questioned in the contemporary sources.<ref>Garland, Lynda & Rapp, Stephen (2006), "Mary 'of Alania': Woman and Empress Between Two Worlds", p. 120. In: Garland (2006).</ref> After Mariam's return to prominence following George's death and her accession to the regency for her underage son Bagrat IV, Alda and her son Demetre fled to the Byzantine empire. Demetre spent nearly two decades in attempts to seize the Georgian crown, supported in his struggle by the powerful duke [[Liparit IV, Duke of Kldekari|Liparit of Kldekari]] and the Byzantines. He died c. 1053. After this, according to the 18th-century Georgian historian [[Prince Vakhushti]], Demetre's son David was taken by his grandmother (i.e., Alda, not mentioned by her name) to Alania, where his descendants flourished, producing a local "royal" line, of which came [[David Soslan]], the second husband of Queen [[Tamar of Georgia]] (r. 1184–1213).<ref name="Toumanoff"/><ref>Alemany (2000), p. 321.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | As no direct reference to George's repudiation of his first wife [[Mariam of Vaspurakan|Mariam]] is found in the Georgian chronicles, Alda is thought by some historians, such as [[Marie-Félicité Brosset]],<ref>Brosset (1849), p. 315, n. 4.</ref> to have been a concubine, but the legitimacy of George's marriage to Alda does not appear to be questioned in the contemporary sources.<ref>Garland, Lynda & Rapp, Stephen (2006), "Mary 'of Alania': Woman and Empress Between Two Worlds", p. 120. In: Garland (2006).</ref> After Mariam's return to prominence following George's death and her |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*Alemany, Agusti (2000). ''Sources of the Alans: A Critical Compilation''. Brill Publishers, ISBN |
*Alemany, Agusti (2000). ''Sources of the Alans: A Critical Compilation''. Brill Publishers, {{ISBN|90-04-11442-4}}. |
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*{{ |
*{{in lang|fr}} [[Marie-Félicité Brosset|Brosset, Marie-Félicité]] (1849). ''Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle''. St.-Pétersbourg: Imprimerie de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences. |
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*Garland, Lynda (ed., 2006), ''Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience, 800-1200''. Ashgate Publishing, ISBN |
*[[Lynda Garland|Garland, Lynda]] (ed., 2006), ''Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience, 800-1200''. Ashgate Publishing, {{ISBN|0-7546-5737-X}}. |
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*Seibt, Werner (2012), [http://www.science.org.ge/moambe/6-2/174-178%20Zeibt.pdf "The Byzantine Thema of Soteroupolis-Anakopia in the 11th Century"]{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences'', vol. 6, no. '''2''': 174–178. |
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*[[Robert W. Thomson|Thomson, Robert W.]] (1996), ''Rewriting Caucasian History''. [[Oxford University Press]], ISBN |
*[[Robert W. Thomson|Thomson, Robert W.]] (1996), ''Rewriting Caucasian History''. [[Oxford University Press]], {{ISBN|0-19-826373-2}}. |
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*{{ |
*{{in lang|fr}} [[Cyril Toumanoff|Toumanoff Cyrille]] (1976). ''Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie)''. Rome: Édition Aquila. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.pbw.kcl.ac.uk/pbw/apps/person.jsp?personKey=106235&keys=,2,,8,,10,,12,&hUnits=,1,,-1, Alde, wife of Giorgi I of Abchasia/Georgia]. ''[[Prosopography of the Byzantine World]]''. Accessed May 29, 2011. |
*[http://www.pbw.kcl.ac.uk/pbw/apps/person.jsp?personKey=106235&keys=,2,,8,,10,,12,&hUnits=,1,,-1, Alde, wife of Giorgi I of Abchasia/Georgia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722113155/http://www.pbw.kcl.ac.uk/pbw/apps/person.jsp?personKey=106235&keys=,2,,8,,10,,12,&hUnits=,1,,-1, |date=2011-07-22 }}. ''[[Prosopography of the Byzantine World]]''. Accessed May 29, 2011. |
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[[Category:11th-century people]] |
[[Category:11th-century Iranian people]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Queens consort from Georgia (country)]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Alanic women]] |
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[[Category:11th-century people from Georgia (country)]] |
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[[Category:11th-century women from Georgia (country)]] |
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[[ka:ალდე დედოფალი]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:50, 7 December 2024
Alda (Georgian: ალდა) or Alde (ალდე) was an 11th-century Alan princess and the second wife of King George I of Georgia (r. 1014–1027). The couple had a son, Demetre, who played a notable role in the civil unrest of Georgia during the reign of his half-brother Bagrat IV.[1]
The "second wife" of George I is mentioned by the medieval Georgian chronicles in a passage relating a futile attempt by a noble party to promote her son, who lived in Anakopia on the shores of Abkhazia, to the throne of Georgia after George's death. Subsequently, Demetre defected to the Byzantines and surrendered Anakopia to the emperor Romanos III Argyros (c. 1033). In the same passage, she is referred to as a "daughter of the king of the Ossetes", "Ossetes" being a Georgian designation of the Alans.[2] Her name Alda (Greek: Ἀλδή) is known from the contemporaneous Byzantine sources. John Skylitzes, corroborating with the Georgian annals, reports that Alda, "wife of George... of the Alan race" surrendered "the very strong fort of Anakopia" to the emperor who honored her son Demetre with the rank of magistros.[3][4]
As no direct reference to George's repudiation of his first wife Mariam is found in the Georgian chronicles, Alda is thought by some historians, such as Marie-Félicité Brosset,[5] to have been a concubine, but the legitimacy of George's marriage to Alda does not appear to be questioned in the contemporary sources.[6] After Mariam's return to prominence following George's death and her accession to the regency for her underage son Bagrat IV, Alda and her son Demetre fled to the Byzantine empire. Demetre spent nearly two decades in attempts to seize the Georgian crown, supported in his struggle by the powerful duke Liparit of Kldekari and the Byzantines. He died c. 1053. After this, according to the 18th-century Georgian historian Prince Vakhushti, Demetre's son David was taken by his grandmother (i.e., Alda, not mentioned by her name) to Alania, where his descendants flourished, producing a local "royal" line, of which came David Soslan, the second husband of Queen Tamar of Georgia (r. 1184–1213).[1][7]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Toumanoff (1976), pp. 121 & 545.
- ^ Thomson (1996), p. 288.
- ^ Alemany (2000), p. 222.
- ^ Seibt (2012), pp. 174-178.
- ^ Brosset (1849), p. 315, n. 4.
- ^ Garland, Lynda & Rapp, Stephen (2006), "Mary 'of Alania': Woman and Empress Between Two Worlds", p. 120. In: Garland (2006).
- ^ Alemany (2000), p. 321.
References
[edit]- Alemany, Agusti (2000). Sources of the Alans: A Critical Compilation. Brill Publishers, ISBN 90-04-11442-4.
- (in French) Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle. St.-Pétersbourg: Imprimerie de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences.
- Garland, Lynda (ed., 2006), Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience, 800-1200. Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 0-7546-5737-X.
- Seibt, Werner (2012), "The Byzantine Thema of Soteroupolis-Anakopia in the 11th Century"[permanent dead link]. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2: 174–178.
- Thomson, Robert W. (1996), Rewriting Caucasian History. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-826373-2.
- (in French) Toumanoff Cyrille (1976). Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie). Rome: Édition Aquila.
External links
[edit]- Alde, wife of Giorgi I of Abchasia/Georgia Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine. Prosopography of the Byzantine World. Accessed May 29, 2011.