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{{Short description|British tilting electric passenger train}}
{{Infobox EMU
| name =British Rail Class 370<br> ''Advanced Passenger Train–Prototype''
{{Further|Advanced Passenger Train}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
| image = 370003 Carlisle 1.jpg
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
| imagesize = 300px
{{Infobox train
| caption = 370 003 at {{stnlnk|Carlisle}}
| background = #002366;color:white
| background = #002366;color:white
| name = British Rail Class 370<br />''Advanced Passenger Train{{snd}}Prototype''
| manufacturer = [[BREL]]
| image = 370003 Carlisle 1.jpg
| family = [[Advanced Passenger Train|APT]]
| imagealt =
| operator = [[InterCity (British Rail)|InterCity]]
| formation = 14 cars per trainset
| imagesize = 320px
| caption = Class 370 at {{stnlnk|Carlisle}}
| numberbuilt = 3 trainsets
| interiorimage = APT 1st Class (8921266378).jpg
| weight = {{convinfobox|434|t||LT|abbr=off}}
| interiorimagealt =
| height = {{convinfobox|3.5|m||ft}}
| interiorcaption = First-class saloon in a preserved vehicle.<br />(The plain blue seat covers are post-withdrawal replacements for the original [[tartan]] material.)
| maxspeed = {{convinfobox|155|mph||km/h}} (Design)<br>{{convinfobox|125|mph||km/h}} (service)
| service = 1980–1986
| lines = [[West Coast Main Line]]
| manufacturer = [[British Rail Engineering Limited]]
| service = 1980-1986
| designer =
| electricsystem = 25 [[kV]] [[Alternating current|AC]] [[Overhead lines|Overhead]]
| assembly =
| uicclass = 2'<small>2'2'2'2'2'</small>2'+Bo'Bo'+Bo'Bo'+2'<small>2'2'2'2'2'</small>2'
| ordernumber =
}}
| factory = [[Derby Works]]<ref name="CreweHeritage">{{cite web |url=http://creweheritagecentre.org/attractions/advanced-passenger-train-prototype/ |title=Advanced Passenger Train – Prototype |work=The Crewe Heritage Centre |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624010914/http://creweheritagecentre.org/attractions/advanced-passenger-train-prototype/ |archive-date=24 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| family = [[Advanced Passenger Train]]
| replaced =
| yearconstruction = 1977–1980<ref name="NDM">{{cite web |url=https://www.hornby.com/uk-en/br-class-370-advanced-passenger-train-non-driving-motor-ndm-49004-era-7.html |title=BR, Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train Non-Driving Motor (NDM), 49004, Era 7 |work=Hornby.com |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref>
| yearservice = 1979<ref name="Marsden1983-119120">{{harvnb|Marsden|1983|pp=119–120}}</ref>
| refurbishment =
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 3 full sets<br />(6 units plus 2 spare vehicles)<ref name="Marsden1983-119120" />
| numberservice =
| numberpreserved = 7 vehicles
| numberscrapped =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| formation = 7 cars per unit:<br />{{abbr|DTS|Driver's cab, Trailer car, Second class (open saloon)}}-{{abbr|TS|Trailer car, Second class (open saloon)}}-{{abbr|TRSB|Trailer car, Restaurant, Second class (open saloon), with Buffet}}-{{abbr|TU|Trailer car, Unclassified}}-{{abbr|TF|Trailer car, First class (open saloon)}}-{{abbr|TBF|Trailer car, Brake van, First class (open saloon)}}-{{abbr|M|Motor car}}<br />(full set is 2 units back-to-back)
| diagram = {{ubl|DTS vehicles: LE201|TS vehicles: LH201|TRSB vehicles: LK201|TU vehicles: LH401|TF vehicles: LH101|TBF vehicles: LJ101|M vehicles: LC501}}
| code =
| fleetnumbers = 370001–370006<ref name=Marsden1983-119120 />
| capacity =
| owner =
| operator = [[InterCity (British Rail)|British Rail InterCity]]
| depots = [[Glasgow Shields Road TMD|Shields Road]] (Glasgow)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coxon |first1=Dave |title=High speed pantograph testing in Scotland in October 1983 |url=http://www.traintesting.com/APT-P%20high_speed_pan_testing_1983.htm |website=Testing Times |access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref>
| lines = [[West Coast Main Line]]


| carbody = {{ubl|M vehicles: [[steel]]|Others: [[aluminium]]}}
[[Image:APTP Driving Trailer Second.gif|thumb|right|300px|APT-P Driving Trailer Second (DTS) unit, in revised APT branding, with a black "mask" around the driver's window]]
| trainlength = {{convert|147|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Boocock|Newman|1976|p=660|loc=Table 1}}
[[Image:APTP Non Driving Motor.gif|thumb|right|300px|APT-P Non-Driving Motor (NDM) unit, with Stone Faiveley AMBR pantograph]]
| carlength = {{ubl|DTS vehs.: {{cvt|21.440|m|ftin}}|M vehs.: {{cvt|20.400|m|ftin}}|Others: {{cvt|21.000|m|ftin}}|(all including gangway portions)}}
| width = {{cvt|2.720|m|ftin}}
| height = {{ubl|M vehicles: {{cvt|3.397|m|ftin}}|Others: {{cvt|3.510|m|ftin}}}}
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
| doors =
| art-sections =
| wheeldiameter =
| wheelbase = {{ubl|Over DTS/TBF veh. pivot centres:<br />{{cvt|14.850|m|ftin}}|Over articulated vehicle pivots:<br />{{cvt|15.900|m|ftin}}|Over M vehicle pivot centres:<br />{{cvt|13.000|m|ftin}}}}
| maxspeed = {{convert|125|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}
| weight = {{ubli|indent=1em|DTS vehicles: {{cvt|35|t|t LT ST|0|order=out}}|TBF vehicles: {{cvt|33|t|t LT ST|0|order=out}}|M vehicles: {{cvt|67.5|t|t LT ST|order=out}}|Others: {{cvt|24|t|t LT ST|0|order=out}}}}
| axleload =
| steep gradient =
| traction =
| traction motors = 4 × [[ASEA]] LJMA{{narrow no-break space}}410{{narrow no-break space}}F
| poweroutput = {{cvt|4000|hp|kW|order=flip}} continuous
| tractiveeffort =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead]]
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]]
| uicclass = 2′(2′)(2′)(2′)(2′)(2′)2′+Bo′Bo′
| bogies = {{ubl|M vehicles: BREL BP17|At [[Jacobs bogie|articulations]]: BREL BT11|Others: BREL BT12}}
| minimum curve = {{cvt|4.5|chain|m ft|order=out}}
| brakes = [[Hydraulic brake|Hydraulic]] and [[Hydrokinetic brake|hydrokinetic]]<ref name="GM869">{{cite book |title=British Rail's Advanced Passenger Train – InterCity APT |date=1979 |publisher=Chief Mechanical & Electrical Engineers' Department, British Railways Board |location=Derby |id=GM869/A10/1279 |url=https://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRB_APT001.pdf |access-date=10 February 2023 }}</ref>
| safety = {{ubl|[[Automatic Warning System|AWS]]|C-APT<ref name="TTT">{{cite book |title=Tomorrow's train, today |date=1980 |publisher=British Railways Board |location=London |id=GM1000/A7/980 |url=https://www.apt-p.com/DocTTT.pdf |access-date=10 February 2023 }}</ref>}}
| coupling = <!-- to be included in body text -->
| multipleworking = Within class (max. 2 units)
| gauge = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on|al=on}}
| notes = Specifications given for seven-car units as at August 1981,<ref name="BRB210">{{cite book |url= http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf |title=Vehicle Diagram Book No. 210 for Electric Multiple Units (including A.P.T.) |at=LC501, LE201, LH101, LH201, LH401, LJ101, LK201 (in work pp. 428–441) |via=Barrowmore MRG |publisher=Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Department, British Railways Board |place=Derby |access-date=10 February 2023 |archive-date=21 January 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150121172506/http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> except where otherwise noted. A full set train would be formed of two units coupled back-to-back.
}}


[[British Rail]]'s '''Class 370''' [[tilting train]]s, also referred to as '''APT-P''' (meaning '''A'''dvanced '''P'''assenger '''T'''rain '''P'''rototype), were the pre-production [[Advanced Passenger Train]] units. Unlike the earlier experimental gas-turbine '''[[British Rail APT-E|APT-E]]''' unit, these units were powered by 25kV AC [[overhead lines|overhead electrification]] and were used on the [[West Coast Main Line]] between [[Euston tube station|London Euston]] and [[Glasgow Central railway station|Glasgow Central]]. The APT-P is the most powerful domestic train to have operated in Britain, the eight traction motors fitted to the two central Motor Cars giving a total output of {{convert|8000|hp|kW}}. This enabled the train to set the UK rail speed record of {{convert|162.2|mph|km/h}} in December 1979, a record that stood for 23 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/kent/3108973.stm|title=Train smashes speed record|publisher=BBC News|date=2003-07-30|accessdate=2010-06-02}}</ref>
[[British Rail]]'s '''Class 370''' [[tilting train]]s, also referred to as '''APT-P''' (meaning '''A'''dvanced '''P'''assenger '''T'''rain '''P'''rototype), were the pre-production [[Advanced Passenger Train]] units. Unlike the earlier experimental gas-turbine '''[[British Rail APT-E|APT-E]]''' unit, these units were powered by [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25&nbsp;kV AC]] [[overhead lines|overhead electrification]] and were used on the [[West Coast Main Line]] between [[Euston railway station|London Euston]] and [[Glasgow Central railway station|Glasgow Central]]. The train had eight traction motors fitted to the two central motor cars giving a total output of {{cvt|8000|hp|kW}}, which enabled it to set the UK rail speed record of {{cvt|162.2|mph|km/h}} in December 1979, a record that stood for 23{{nbsp}}years until broken by a [[Eurostar]] [[British Rail Class 373|Class 373]] on the newly completed [[High Speed 1]] line.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/kent/3108973.stm|title=Train smashes speed record|work=BBC News|date=30 July 2003|access-date=2 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427174714/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/kent/3108973.stm|archive-date=27 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>


==History==
Due to ongoing technical problems with these pre-production units, and a lack of cash or political will to take the project forward, the planned '''APT-S''' production-series units were never built, but did influence the design of the later [[InterCity 225]] sets designed for the [[East Coast Main Line]] electrification. The influence is strongest with the [[British Rail Class 91|Class 91]] locos which took many features from the APT powercars. The technology was later sold to Fiat and used for improving their second generation [[Pendolino]] trains which have been used worldwide, including the [[West Coast Main Line]].
The APT-P was unveiled to the public on 7 June 1978 and continued to be used for testing into 1986.<ref name="tt1">{{cite web |last1=Coxon |first1=Dave |title=The Class 370 APT-P |url=http://www.traintesting.com/APT%20introduction.htm |website=Testing Times |access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref> Due to ongoing technical problems with these pre-production units, and a lack of cash or political will to take the project forward, the planned '''APT-S''' ('''A'''dvanced '''P'''assenger '''T'''rain '''S'''quadron Service) production-series units were never built, but did influence the design of the later [[InterCity 225]] sets designed for the [[East Coast Main Line]] electrification. The influence is strongest with the [[British Rail Class 91|Class 91]] locos which took many features from the APT power cars. The technology was later sold to [[Fiat Ferroviaria]] and used for improving their second generation [[Pendolino]] trains which are used worldwide, including on the [[West Coast Main Line]] as the [[British Rail Class 390|Class 390]].


==Numbering==
===Numbering===
Units were numbered 370001-370006 (plus a spare driving car labelled 370007) and were formed as follows:
Units were numbered 370001-370006 (plus two spare cars labelled 370007)<ref name=Marsden1983-119120 /> and were formed as follows:
*48101-48107 - Driving Trailer Second
*48101-48107 - Driving Trailer Second
*48201-48206 - Trailer Second
*48201-48206 - Trailer Second
Line 33: Line 92:
*48301-48306 - Trailer Unclassified
*48301-48306 - Trailer Unclassified
*48501-48506 - Trailer First
*48501-48506 - Trailer First
*48601-48606 - Trailer Brake First
*48601-48607 - Trailer Brake First
*49001-49006 - Non-Driving Motor
*49001-49006 - Non-Driving Motor<ref name=Marsden1983-119120 />
{{wide image|British_Rail_InterCity_APT-P.png|4500px|Side Profile|70%|none}}

A full train was made up of two units running back-to-back, with the two motor cars adjoining. The motor cars had no seating accommodation or through-gangway, so the two halves of the train were unconnected for passengers.
A full train was made up of two units running back-to-back, with the two motor cars adjoining. The motor cars had no seating accommodation or through-gangway, so the two halves of the train were unconnected for passengers.


==Withdrawal==
===Withdrawal and preservation===
All six units were withdrawn during 1985–1986, and most cars were quickly scrapped. The remaining cars are exhibited at [[Crewe Heritage Centre]], a museum located next to [[Crewe railway station|Crewe station]].<ref name="CreweHeritage" />
[[File:APT at Crewe.jpg|thumb|Preserved Class 370 no. 370006 at [[Crewe Heritage Centre]] in 2006]]
* Of these, six cars are formed into a single train:
All six units were withdrawn during 1985-1986, and most cars were quickly scrapped. Only a handful of cars have survived;
*49006 is a Non-Driving Motor Car, and is at the [[Coventry Railway Centre|Electric Railway Museum, Baginton]], near Coventry on loan from the National Railway Museum.
*[[Crewe Heritage Centre]], a museum located next to [[Crewe railway station|Crewe station]], has a rake of six cars formed into a single train:
**48103 - Driving Trailer Second
**48103 - Driving Trailer Second
**48404 - Trailer Restaurant Second Buffet
**48404 - Trailer Restaurant Second Buffet
Line 49: Line 106:
**48602 - Trailer Brake First
**48602 - Trailer Brake First
**48106 - Driving Trailer Second
**48106 - Driving Trailer Second
* A single Non-Driving Motor car does not form part of the train and is exhibited separately:
**49006 - Non-Driving Motor (not part of the above train) was on loan to the [[Electric Railway Museum, Warwickshire|Electric Railway Museum]] in Coventry from July 2011 until its closure in October 2017 and moved back to [[Crewe Heritage Centre]] in March 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=1993|title=BR 49006 25 kV AC Advanced Passenger Train Motor Car built 1978|publisher=Vintage Carriages Trust|date=6 August 2018|access-date=7 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807124922/http://www.cs.vintagecarriagestrust.org/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=1993|archive-date=7 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Models ==
In 1980, [[Hornby Railways]] produced a [[OO gauge]] five-car set model available as a train set with plain yellow fronts,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hornbyguide.com/item_details.asp?itemid=391|title= Hornby Railways Advanced Passenger Train Train Set|work=Hornby Railways Collector Guide|access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref> which was released as a five-car train pack with black fronts and window surrounds in 1981, until appearing in the 1983 catalogue when the train set was last produced. In 1984 it was discontinued from the Hornby range. However, it was featured in the 1985 catalogue, although no new models were produced that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hornbyguide.com/item_details.asp?itemid=94|title= Hornby Railways Advanced Passenger Train Train Pack|work=Hornby Railways Collector Guide|access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>

In 2020, Hornby Railways announced that as part of their centenary year range - and both the 40th anniversaries of the year it entered service and the original Hornby model a newly tooled OO gauge model of the BR Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train would be launched.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hornby.com/uk-en/catalogsearch/result/?q=BR%2C+Class+370+Advanced+Passenger+Train|title=Hornby BR, Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train|work=Hornby.com|date=6 January 2020|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>
The APT-P will be available as part of a five-car train pack consisting of sets 370 003 and 370 004 with plain yellow fronts included are DTS, TFB, NDM (motorised), TFB and DTS<ref name="5 Car">{{cite web|url=https://www.hornby.com/uk-en/br-class-370-advanced-passenger-train-sets-370-003-and-370-004-5-car-pack-era-7.html|title= Hornby BR, Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train, 370 003 and 370 004, 5-car pack - Era 7
|work=Hornby.com|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> and a seven-car train pack included is the APT U Development coach, consisting of sets 370 001 and 370 002 with DTS, TBF, NDM (motorised), NDM (dummy), TBF and DTS in APT livery with black front and window surrounds<ref name="7 Car">{{cite web|url=https://www.hornby.com/uk-en/br-class-370-advanced-passenger-train-set-370-001-and-370-002-7-car-pack-era-7.html|title=Hornby BR, Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train, Set 370 001 and 370 002, 7-car pack - Era 7|work=Hornby.com|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> with the additional SKU' coaches available separately in four sets of two including TS, TU, TRBS, and TF<ref name="5 Car"/><ref name="7 Car"/> with the additional NDM (motorised)<ref name="NDM"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hornby.com/uk-en/br-class-370-advanced-passenger-train-non-driving-motor-ndm-49004-era-7.html|title=BR, Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train Non-Driving Motor (NDM), 49004, Era 7|work=Hornby.com|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref> and the APT U Development coach,(for the five-car pack)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hornby.com/uk-en/br-intercity-apt-u-ex-ts-development-vehicle-sc48204-977527-era-7.html|title=BR, InterCity APT-U Ex-TS Development Vehicle, Sc48204/977527 - Era 7|work=Hornby.com|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref> for each set to form a realistic complete full rake train for both train packs.<ref name="5 Car"/><ref name="7 Car"/>


== See also ==
== See also ==
*[[British Rail Class 390]]
*[[British Rail Class 91]]
*[[List of high speed trains]]


== References ==
== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{cite journal |last1=Boocock |first1=D. |last2=Newman |first2=M. |title=The Advanced Passenger Train |journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers |date=1976 |volume=190 |issue=62 |pages=653–663 |doi=10.1243/PIME_PROC_1976_190_069_02}}
*{{cite book|title=Motive Power Combined Volume|first=Colin J.|last=Marsden|publisher=Ian Allan|year=1983|isbn=0711012849}}

===Literature===
===Literature===
*[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRB_APT005.pdf APT-P: The Intercity Development Train] Publisher: British Railways
*[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRB_APT005.pdf APT-P: The Intercity Development Train] Publisher: British Railways
*[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRB_APT006.pdf The Shape of Travel to Come] Publisher: British Railways
*[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRB_APT006.pdf The Shape of Travel to Come] Publisher: British Railways
*[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRB_APT001.pdf British Rail's Advanced Passenger Train] Publisher: British Railways
*[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRB_APT001.pdf British Rail's Advanced Passenger Train] Publisher: British Railways
*[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRS_APT1981.pdf APT Course Notes] Publisher: British Railways Scottish Region]
*[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRS_APT1981.pdf APT Course Notes] Publisher: British Railways Scottish Region


==Further reading==
== External links ==
*{{cite book|first=Geoffrey|last=Body|title=Advanced Passenger Train|publisher=Avon-Anglia Publications|location=Weston-super-Mare|year=1981|isbn=9780905466378|oclc=16538327}}
*{{cite book|first=David N.|last=Clough|title=APT: The Untold Story|publisher=Ian Allan Publishing|location=London|year=2016|isbn=9780711038240}}
*{{cite book|first=Kevin|last=Derrick|title=Eighties Spotting Days, Out of the Ashes|publisher=Strathwood|year=2010|isbn=9781905276301}}
*{{cite book|first=Brian|last=Haresnape|title=British Rail Fleet Survey 5: High Speed Trains|publisher=Ian Allan|location=London|year=1983|isbn=9780711012974|oclc=153032242}}
*{{cite book|title=EMUs|first=Colin J.|last=Marsden|series=Motive Power Recognition|volume=2|publisher=Ian Allan|year=1982|pages=54–57|isbn=9780711011656|oclc=16537600}}
*{{cite book|first=O.S.|last=Nock|title=Two Miles a Minute|publisher=Patrick Stephens Ltd.|location=Cambridge|year=1980|isbn=9780850594126|oclc=7173075}}
*{{cite book|first=L.H.|last=Williams|title=Advanced Passenger Train: A Promise Unfulfilled|publisher=Ian Allan|location=London|year=1985|isbn=9780711014749|oclc=16684893}}
*{{cite book|title=Trains in the Eighties, 1: Inter-City 125s & APT|publisher=Ian Allan|location=London|year=1980|isbn=9780711010918|oclc=43747550}}
*{{cite magazine|title=Ladies and gentlemen, we have a total failure|first=Peter|last=Kelly|magazine=[[RAIL (magazine)|Rail Enthusiast]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=February–March 1982|pages=38–40|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
*{{cite magazine|title=Why APT is running nine years late|first=Geoffrey Freeman|last=Allen|magazine=[[RAIL (magazine)|Rail Enthusiast]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=February–March 1982|pages=41–43|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
*{{cite magazine|title=End of the line for prototype APT|magazine=[[RAIL (magazine)|Rail Enthusiast]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=May 1983|page=16|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
*{{cite magazine|title=APT: BR puts the record straight|page=19|date=November 1983|magazine=[[RAIL (magazine)|Rail Enthusiast]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}


== External links ==
* [http://www.traintesting.com/APT-P.htm Testing the APT-P]
{{commons}}
* [http://www.apt-p.com/ APT-P.com]
* [http://www.apt-p.com/APTWithHindsight.htm Wickens, A., (1988) ''APT - With Hindsight'' Newsletter of the Friends of the National Railway Museum, No.84, Summer 1988]
* [http://www.apt-p.com/APTWithHindsight.htm Wickens, A., (1988) ''APT - With Hindsight'' Newsletter of the Friends of the National Railway Museum, No.84, Summer 1988]
* [http://www.themanufacturer.com/uk/detail.html?contents_id=4167 The Manufacturer (24, February 2004) ''The great train robbery'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051120174118/http://www.themanufacturer.com/uk/detail.html?contents_id=4167 The Manufacturer (24, February 2004) ''The great train robbery'']
* [http://www.electricrailwaymuseum.co.uk/ Electric Railway Museum, Baginton home of 49006],


{{British Rail EMU}}
{{British Rail EMU}}


[[Category:High-speed trains of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|370]]
[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|370]]
[[Category:BREL products|370]]
[[Category:BREL products|370]]
[[Category:Experimental and prototype high-speed trains]]
[[Category:Experimental and prototype high-speed trains]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units with locomotive-like power cars]]

[[Category:Abandoned trains of the United Kingdom]]
[[ja:イギリス国鉄クラス370電車]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1980]]
[[simple:British Rail Class 370]]
[[Category:25 kV AC multiple units]]

Latest revision as of 09:14, 20 December 2024

Further information: Advanced Passenger Train

British Rail Class 370
Advanced Passenger Train – Prototype
Class 370 at Carlisle
First-class saloon in a preserved vehicle.
(The plain blue seat covers are post-withdrawal replacements for the original tartan material.)
In service1980–1986
ManufacturerBritish Rail Engineering Limited
Built atDerby Works[1]
Family nameAdvanced Passenger Train
Constructed1977–1980[2]
Entered service1979[3]
Number built3 full sets
(6 units plus 2 spare vehicles)[3]
Number preserved7 vehicles
Formation7 cars per unit:
DTS-TS-TRSB-TU-TF-TBF-M
(full set is 2 units back-to-back)
Diagram
  • DTS vehicles: LE201
  • TS vehicles: LH201
  • TRSB vehicles: LK201
  • TU vehicles: LH401
  • TF vehicles: LH101
  • TBF vehicles: LJ101
  • M vehicles: LC501
Fleet numbers370001–370006[3]
OperatorsBritish Rail InterCity
DepotsShields Road (Glasgow)[4]
Lines servedWest Coast Main Line
Specifications
Car body construction
Train length147 m (482 ft)[5]
Car length
  • DTS vehs.: 21.440 m (70 ft 4.1 in)
  • M vehs.: 20.400 m (66 ft 11.1 in)
  • Others: 21.000 m (68 ft 10.8 in)
  • (all including gangway portions)
Width2.720 m (8 ft 11.1 in)
Height
  • M vehicles: 3.397 m (11 ft 1.7 in)
  • Others: 3.510 m (11 ft 6.2 in)
Wheelbase
  • Over DTS/TBF veh. pivot centres:
    14.850 m (48 ft 8.6 in)
  • Over articulated vehicle pivots:
    15.900 m (52 ft 2.0 in)
  • Over M vehicle pivot centres:
    13.000 m (42 ft 7.8 in)
Maximum speed125 mph (200 km/h)
Weight
  • DTS vehicles: 35 t (34 LT; 39 ST)
  • TBF vehicles: 33 t (32 LT; 36 ST)
  • M vehicles: 67.5 t (66.4 LT; 74.4 ST)
  • Others: 24 t (24 LT; 26 ST)
Traction motors4 × ASEA LJMA 410 F
Power output3,000 kW (4,000 hp) continuous
Electric system(s)25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead
Current collector(s)Pantograph
UIC classification2′(2′)(2′)(2′)(2′)(2′)2′+Bo′Bo′
Bogies
  • M vehicles: BREL BP17
  • At articulations: BREL BT11
  • Others: BREL BT12
Minimum turning radius91 m (300 ft)
Braking system(s)Hydraulic and hydrokinetic[6]
Safety system(s)
Multiple workingWithin class (max. 2 units)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Notes/references
Specifications given for seven-car units as at August 1981,[8] except where otherwise noted. A full set train would be formed of two units coupled back-to-back.

British Rail's Class 370 tilting trains, also referred to as APT-P (meaning Advanced Passenger Train Prototype), were the pre-production Advanced Passenger Train units. Unlike the earlier experimental gas-turbine APT-E unit, these units were powered by 25 kV AC overhead electrification and were used on the West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Glasgow Central. The train had eight traction motors fitted to the two central motor cars giving a total output of 8,000 hp (6,000 kW), which enabled it to set the UK rail speed record of 162.2 mph (261.0 km/h) in December 1979, a record that stood for 23 years until broken by a Eurostar Class 373 on the newly completed High Speed 1 line.[9]

History

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The APT-P was unveiled to the public on 7 June 1978 and continued to be used for testing into 1986.[10] Due to ongoing technical problems with these pre-production units, and a lack of cash or political will to take the project forward, the planned APT-S (Advanced Passenger Train Squadron Service) production-series units were never built, but did influence the design of the later InterCity 225 sets designed for the East Coast Main Line electrification. The influence is strongest with the Class 91 locos which took many features from the APT power cars. The technology was later sold to Fiat Ferroviaria and used for improving their second generation Pendolino trains which are used worldwide, including on the West Coast Main Line as the Class 390.

Numbering

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Units were numbered 370001-370006 (plus two spare cars labelled 370007)[3] and were formed as follows:

  • 48101-48107 - Driving Trailer Second
  • 48201-48206 - Trailer Second
  • 48401-48406 - Trailer Restaurant Second Buffet
  • 48301-48306 - Trailer Unclassified
  • 48501-48506 - Trailer First
  • 48601-48607 - Trailer Brake First
  • 49001-49006 - Non-Driving Motor[3]
Side Profile

A full train was made up of two units running back-to-back, with the two motor cars adjoining. The motor cars had no seating accommodation or through-gangway, so the two halves of the train were unconnected for passengers.

Withdrawal and preservation

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All six units were withdrawn during 1985–1986, and most cars were quickly scrapped. The remaining cars are exhibited at Crewe Heritage Centre, a museum located next to Crewe station.[1]

  • Of these, six cars are formed into a single train:
    • 48103 - Driving Trailer Second
    • 48404 - Trailer Restaurant Second Buffet
    • 48603 - Trailer Brake First
    • 49002 - Non-Driving Motor
    • 48602 - Trailer Brake First
    • 48106 - Driving Trailer Second
  • A single Non-Driving Motor car does not form part of the train and is exhibited separately:

Models

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In 1980, Hornby Railways produced a OO gauge five-car set model available as a train set with plain yellow fronts,[12] which was released as a five-car train pack with black fronts and window surrounds in 1981, until appearing in the 1983 catalogue when the train set was last produced. In 1984 it was discontinued from the Hornby range. However, it was featured in the 1985 catalogue, although no new models were produced that year.[13]

In 2020, Hornby Railways announced that as part of their centenary year range - and both the 40th anniversaries of the year it entered service and the original Hornby model a newly tooled OO gauge model of the BR Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train would be launched.[14] The APT-P will be available as part of a five-car train pack consisting of sets 370 003 and 370 004 with plain yellow fronts included are DTS, TFB, NDM (motorised), TFB and DTS[15] and a seven-car train pack included is the APT U Development coach, consisting of sets 370 001 and 370 002 with DTS, TBF, NDM (motorised), NDM (dummy), TBF and DTS in APT livery with black front and window surrounds[16] with the additional SKU' coaches available separately in four sets of two including TS, TU, TRBS, and TF[15][16] with the additional NDM (motorised)[2][17] and the APT U Development coach,(for the five-car pack)[18] for each set to form a realistic complete full rake train for both train packs.[15][16]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Advanced Passenger Train – Prototype". The Crewe Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  2. ^ a b "BR, Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train Non-Driving Motor (NDM), 49004, Era 7". Hornby.com. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e Marsden 1983, pp. 119–120
  4. ^ Coxon, Dave. "High speed pantograph testing in Scotland in October 1983". Testing Times. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  5. ^ Boocock & Newman 1976, p. 660, Table 1.
  6. ^ British Rail's Advanced Passenger Train – InterCity APT (PDF). Derby: Chief Mechanical & Electrical Engineers' Department, British Railways Board. 1979. GM869/A10/1279. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  7. ^ Tomorrow's train, today (PDF). London: British Railways Board. 1980. GM1000/A7/980. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  8. ^ Vehicle Diagram Book No. 210 for Electric Multiple Units (including A.P.T.) (PDF). Derby: Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Department, British Railways Board. LC501, LE201, LH101, LH201, LH401, LJ101, LK201 (in work pp. 428–441). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2023 – via Barrowmore MRG.
  9. ^ "Train smashes speed record". BBC News. 30 July 2003. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  10. ^ Coxon, Dave. "The Class 370 APT-P". Testing Times. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  11. ^ "BR 49006 25 kV AC Advanced Passenger Train Motor Car built 1978". Vintage Carriages Trust. 6 August 2018. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  12. ^ "Hornby Railways Advanced Passenger Train Train Set". Hornby Railways Collector Guide. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  13. ^ "Hornby Railways Advanced Passenger Train Train Pack". Hornby Railways Collector Guide. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  14. ^ "Hornby BR, Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train". Hornby.com. 6 January 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  15. ^ a b c "Hornby BR, Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train, 370 003 and 370 004, 5-car pack - Era 7". Hornby.com. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  16. ^ a b c "Hornby BR, Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train, Set 370 001 and 370 002, 7-car pack - Era 7". Hornby.com. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  17. ^ "BR, Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train Non-Driving Motor (NDM), 49004, Era 7". Hornby.com. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  18. ^ "BR, InterCity APT-U Ex-TS Development Vehicle, Sc48204/977527 - Era 7". Hornby.com. Retrieved 28 June 2020.

Sources

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  • Boocock, D.; Newman, M. (1976). "The Advanced Passenger Train". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 190 (62): 653–663. doi:10.1243/PIME_PROC_1976_190_069_02.
  • Marsden, Colin J. (1983). Motive Power Combined Volume. Ian Allan. ISBN 0711012849.

Literature

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Further reading

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