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{{Short description|French businessman and politician (1888–1956)}}
[[File:Simon Sabiani 1934.png|thumb|alt=|right|Simon Sabiani]]
{{Infobox person
[[File:Simon Sabiani signature.png|thumb|alt=|right|upright=multiplicateur|Signature]]
| name = Simon Sabiani
[[File:Tonton paul lidro.jpg|thumb|alt=|right|upright=multiplicateur|Simon Sabiani, Paul Carbone, François Spirito]]
| image = Simon Sabiani 1934.png
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 14 May 1888
| birth_place = [[Casamaccioli]], [[Haute-Corse]], France
| death_date = {{death-date and age|29 September 1956|14 May 1888}}
| death_place = [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]]
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| nationality = French
| other_names =
| known_for =
| education =
| employer =
| occupation = Politician
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party =
| boards =
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
}}
[[File:Simon Sabiani signature.png|thumb|alt=|right|Signature]]
[[File:Tonton paul lidro.jpg|thumb|alt=|right|Simon Sabiani, Paul Carbone, François Spirito]]
'''Simon Pierre Sabiani''' (14 May 1888 – 29 September 1956) was a French businessman and politician. He served as a member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (France)|Chamber of Deputies]] from 1928 to 1936.


==Early life==
'''Simon Pierre Sabiani''' (1888 [[Casamaccioli]], [[Niolu]], [[Corsica]] – 1956 [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]]) was a [[World War I]] hero, businessman, and politician.
Simon Pierre Sabiani was born in 1888 in [[Casamaccioli]], [[Corsica]], France.<ref name="bnfsimonsabiani">{{cite web|title=Simon Sabiani (1888-1956)|url=http://data.bnf.fr/12201345/simon_sabiani/|website=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]|accessdate=November 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="nassemblysimon">{{cite web|title=Simon, Pierre Sabiani|url=http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/%28num_dept%29/6200|website=National Assembly|accessdate=November 27, 2016}}</ref> He had four brothers and one sister. He moved to [[Marseille]].<ref name="nassemblysimon"/>


He served in World War I, incorporated into the XVth corps of the 112th regiment of line infantry, he lost an eye in [[Douaumont]], several times wounded, he directed against the enemy six counter attacks in six hours. Nicknamed "Le lion de l'Argonne" (the lion of Argonne), "Le Bayard Corse" (The Corsican Bayard), he was given on the battlefield, "La legion d'honneur" medal, "La croix de guerre" 1914-1918 4 palms 2 silver stars, and "La medaille militaire".
Sabiani served in [[World War I]] within the XVth corps of the 112th regiment of line infantry. He was nicknamed the "[[Bayard (legend)|Pierre Bayard]] Corse" (Corsican war hero) and awarded the [[Legion of Honour]] and the [[Croix de Guerre]] for his service.<ref name="nassemblysimon"/>


==Career==
He had four brothers and one sister. Three of his brothers fell in combat in WWI.
Sabiani joined the [[SFIO]] in 1919, and for a while the [[French Communist Party|PCF]]. In 1923, he founded the "Parti d’action socialiste", (Socialist action party).
In 1925, he was elected to the General Council of [[Bouches-du-Rhône]].<ref name="mariehelene"/>
Among his friends and "electoral agents" were the French mafiosi [[Paul Carbone]], [[François Spirito]], as well as [[Antoine Guerini]], who had helped him get into the mayor´s office of Marseille in 1929.<ref>[https://www.prisma.de/tv-programm/tv-tipps/Die-Mafia-in-Frankreich,12449406 Die Mafia in Frankreich] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215121858/https://www.prisma.de/tv-programm/tv-tipps/Die-Mafia-in-Frankreich,12449406 |date=2018-12-15 }}. 7 February 2015, Prisma, retrieved 26 June 2017</ref>


From 1928 to 1936, he served as a member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (France)|Chamber of Deputies]], representing Bouches-du-Rhône, succeeded by [[François Billoux]].<ref name="nassemblysimon"/>
'''Jean-Luc''' was a lieutenant. He was given "La Legion d'honneur" and "La Croix de guerre", KIA while in an attack in Champagne.
From 1929 to 1935 he served as an advisor to the Deputy Mayor of [[Marseille]].<ref name="mariehelene">Marie-Helene Porri, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SIS1zV-Mb8YC&dq=%22Georges+Ribot%22+marseille&pg=PA15 ''De Mémé à Jean-Noël Guérini''], Mon Petit Editeur, 2012, p. 15</ref><ref>Mary Dewhurst Lewis ''The Boundaries of the Republic: Migrant Rights and the Limits of Universalism in France, 1918-1940'', Stanford University Press, 2007, p. 96 [https://books.google.com/books?id=_yaQUTujhREC&dq=%22Georges+Ribot%22+marseille&pg=PA96]</ref>


In 1936, he joined the [[Parti Populaire Français]] (PPF) led by [[Jacques Doriot]], where he became a member of the political bureau, heading the local PPF section. On 4 July 1936 he addressed a right-wing faction during a demonstration in [[Aix-en-Provence]] which turned violent.<ref name="sixhurtdecatur">{{cite news|title=Six Hurt When French Factions Demonstrate|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/94336131/?terms=%22Simon%2BSabiani%22|accessdate=November 27, 2016|work=The Decatur Daily Review|date=July 5, 1936|page=4|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=registration |location=Decatur, Illinois}}</ref><ref name="pantagraphsixfrenchmen">{{cite news|title=Six Frenchmen Hurt in Political Fights|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/69248152/?terms=%22Simon%2BSabiani%22|accessdate=November 27, 2016|work=The Pantagraph|date=July 5, 1936|page=13|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=registration |location=Bloomington, Illinois}}</ref>
'''Joseph''' was a sergeant major in the 4th regiment of "zouaves", KIA in Provins in 1914.
During [[World War II]], he was the general secretary of the Marseille Bureau of the [[Légion des Volontaires Français]], a collaborator of the [[Vichy regime]]. On 5 August 1942 he was arrested alongside Paul Carbone in Marseille over the possible murder of two women and the shooting of five more people during the [[Bastille Day]] march a month earlier.<ref name="twopronazisarrested">{{cite news|title=Two Pro-Nazis Arrested In France|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/60429851/?terms=%22Simon%2BSabiani%22|accessdate=November 27, 2016|work=Santa Cruz Sentinel|date=August 5, 1942|page=8|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=registration }}</ref> Meanwhile, he acted as an informant to the [[Gestapo]] throughout the war.<ref name="oaklandlavalparris">{{cite news|last1=Parris|first1=John A.|title=Laval Marked for Execution By French Underground Force|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/185504854/?terms=%22Simon%2BSabiani%22|accessdate=November 28, 2016|work=Oakland Tribune|location=Oakland, California|date=June 18, 1944|page=3}}</ref>


Shortly after the war, members of the [[French resistance]] put him on a list of [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|collaborators]] they wanted to kill.<ref name="newmantraitorsaugust28">{{cite news|last1=Newman|first1=Larry|title=Traitors Are Being Seized At Marseille| url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/73089651/?terms=%22Simon%2BSabiani%22|accessdate=November 28, 2016|work=New Castle News|location=New Castle, Pennsylvania|date=August 28, 1944|page=12|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=registration }}</ref> However, he went missing.<ref name="oaklandlavalparris"/> He exiled himself to [[Sigmaringen]], in Southern [[Germany]], then [[Italy]], [[Argentina]], and finally to [[Spain]] under the name of ''Pedro Multedo''.<ref name="bnfsimonsabiani"/> However, he returned to Corsica clandestinely to visit his mother when she turned almost one hundred years old.
'''François''' was a lawyer in Marseille, sergeant, he was given "La Croix de guerre", KIA 16 August 1918 on board "Le Balkan" ship as it suffered a torpedo attack. Pierre Anfriani the only survivor of the general staff, will note in his report to the Sea Authorities that François Sabiani could have saved himself if he did not try to save other passengers. A marble plate in his honor used to be affixed on the walls of the hall of justice of the city of Marseille.


==Death==
'''Don-Pierre''' became a POW, after being wounded in the head while on a mission in Bois-le-Prêtre, his helmet saved his life. (Fifty-two months of captivity).
Sabiani died in 1956 in Barcelona, Spain.<ref name="bnfsimonsabiani"/><ref name="nassemblysimon"/> He was buried in the family chapel of Casamacciuli.


==Works==
After the war, Simon Sabiani joined the [[SFIO]] in 1919, and also for a while the [[French Communist Party|PCF]]. He then founded in 1923 the "Parti d’action socialiste" (Socialist action party).
* Simon Sabiani, ''La Vérité sur l'attentat de Marseille'', Grandes Conférences des Ambassadeurs, 1934

He was elected "Conseiller général" (General counsellor) of [[Bouches-du-Rhône]] in 1925, "Député" (Deputy) in 1928, and became the first "Adjoint" (Counsellor) to the mayor of [[Marseille]] from 1929 to 1935. He became the mayor of Marseille temporarily in 1931 after the death of [[Siméon Flaissières]].He was reelected "Député" (Deputy) in 1932.

In 1936 he joined the "Parti populaire français" (Popular French party) or [[PPF]] of [[Jaques Doriot]], where he became member of the political bureau. He was at the head of the local section of the PPF from 1936. Among his friends and electoral agents were Paul Carbone, François Spirito, and as well as Antoine Guerini.

During the Second World War, he ran the Marseille Bureau of the [[LVF]], where he was the general secretary.

Simon Sabiani was sentenced to death, because of his political collaboration with [[Vichy France]]. He exiled himself to [[Sigmaringen]] in [[Germany]], [[Italy]], [[Argentina]], and finally to [[Spain]] under the name of '''Pedro Multedo'''.
Prior to his death in 1956, he could return in a "clandestine" way to Corsica to visit his mother who was turning almost 100 years old. He rests now in the family chapel of his village of Casamacciuli.

His son '''François Sabiani''', law student aged 20, joined the LVF. He wanted to join the [[Forces Françaises Libres]] (French Free Forces), and was already on board a ship in [[Port-Vendre]], where his father obliged him to disembark. In his book ''Et J'ai Cassé Mon Fusil'' (And I broke my shotgun), Jean-Baptiste Emmanuelli writes that he joined the LVF to the demand of the mother of François Sabiani, with the mission being to try and convince her son of quitting the LVF.
The army wrote in their reports: "He had a high conception of his duty. He distinguished himself the 29th of May 1942, on a reconnaissance patrol by his calm and his lack of fear for danger. He was Fatally wounded the 2th of Juin 1942, accomplishing a mission". His Life is taken away by bullets fired from "Maxim" machine guns by Soviet partisans under the command of Colonel Gradov, in the eastern front, not far from [[Smolensk, Russia]], while on an LVF mission, in the beginning of June 1942. He perishes with plain lucidity. His last words were for his family.

== Books ==
* Simon Sabiani, ''Colère du peuple'', Les Œuvres Françaises, 1936 (préface de [[Jacques Doriot]])
* Simon Sabiani, ''Colère du peuple'', Les Œuvres Françaises, 1936 (préface de [[Jacques Doriot]])
* Simon Sabiani, ''La Vérité sur l'attentat de Marseille'', Grandes Conférences des Ambassadeurs, 1934


==Further reading==
== Bibliography ==
* Jean-Baptiste Nicolaï, ''Simon Sabiani, un chef à Marseille, 1919-1944'', Olivier Orban, 1991
* Jean-Baptiste Nicolaï, ''Simon Sabiani, un chef à Marseille, 1919-1944'', Olivier Orban, 1991
* Paul Jankowski, ''Communism and Collaboration. Simon Sabiani and Politics in Marseille (1919–1944)'', New Haven-Londres, Yale University Press, 1989.
* Paul Jankowski, ''Communism and Collaboration. Simon Sabiani and Politics in Marseille (1919–1944)'', New Haven-Londres, Yale University Press, 1989.
* Jean-Baptiste Emmanuelli, Et J'ai Cassé Mon Fusil, Robert Laffont
* Jean-Baptiste Emmanuelli, Et J'ai Cassé Mon Fusil, Robert Laffont


==References==
== External links ==
{{Reflist}}
* http://www.ileonimorti.it/it/memoria.php

* http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche.asp?num_dept=6200
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Sabiani, Simon
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = World War I hero, businessman, politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1888
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Casamaccioli]], [[Niolu]], [[Corsica]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 1956
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Barcelona]], Spain
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sabiani, Simon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sabiani, Simon}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Haute-Corse]]
[[Category:People from Haute-Corse]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Marseille]]
[[Category:French expatriates in Spain]]
[[Category:French exiles]]
[[Category:French military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:French military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:French Popular Party politicians]]
[[Category:French Popular Party politicians]]
[[Category:Corsican collaborators with Nazi Germany]]

[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Honour]]
[[es:Simon Sabiani]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)]]
[[fr:Simon Sabiani]]
[[Category:Politicians from Marseille]]
[[it:Simon Sabiani]]
[[Category:Nazis who fled to Spain]]
[[la:Simon Sabiani]]
[[nl:Simon Sabiani]]
[[ja:シモン・サビアニ]]

Latest revision as of 02:56, 20 April 2024

Simon Sabiani
Born14 May 1888
Casamaccioli, Haute-Corse, France
Died29 September 1956 (1956-09-30) (aged 68)
Barcelona, Spain
NationalityFrench
OccupationPolitician
Signature
Simon Sabiani, Paul Carbone, François Spirito

Simon Pierre Sabiani (14 May 1888 – 29 September 1956) was a French businessman and politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1928 to 1936.

Early life

[edit]

Simon Pierre Sabiani was born in 1888 in Casamaccioli, Corsica, France.[1][2] He had four brothers and one sister. He moved to Marseille.[2]

Sabiani served in World War I within the XVth corps of the 112th regiment of line infantry. He was nicknamed the "Pierre Bayard Corse" (Corsican war hero) and awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de Guerre for his service.[2]

Career

[edit]

Sabiani joined the SFIO in 1919, and for a while the PCF. In 1923, he founded the "Parti d’action socialiste", (Socialist action party). In 1925, he was elected to the General Council of Bouches-du-Rhône.[3] Among his friends and "electoral agents" were the French mafiosi Paul Carbone, François Spirito, as well as Antoine Guerini, who had helped him get into the mayor´s office of Marseille in 1929.[4]

From 1928 to 1936, he served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, representing Bouches-du-Rhône, succeeded by François Billoux.[2] From 1929 to 1935 he served as an advisor to the Deputy Mayor of Marseille.[3][5]

In 1936, he joined the Parti Populaire Français (PPF) led by Jacques Doriot, where he became a member of the political bureau, heading the local PPF section. On 4 July 1936 he addressed a right-wing faction during a demonstration in Aix-en-Provence which turned violent.[6][7]

During World War II, he was the general secretary of the Marseille Bureau of the Légion des Volontaires Français, a collaborator of the Vichy regime. On 5 August 1942 he was arrested alongside Paul Carbone in Marseille over the possible murder of two women and the shooting of five more people during the Bastille Day march a month earlier.[8] Meanwhile, he acted as an informant to the Gestapo throughout the war.[9]

Shortly after the war, members of the French resistance put him on a list of collaborators they wanted to kill.[10] However, he went missing.[9] He exiled himself to Sigmaringen, in Southern Germany, then Italy, Argentina, and finally to Spain under the name of Pedro Multedo.[1] However, he returned to Corsica clandestinely to visit his mother when she turned almost one hundred years old.

Death

[edit]

Sabiani died in 1956 in Barcelona, Spain.[1][2] He was buried in the family chapel of Casamacciuli.

Works

[edit]
  • Simon Sabiani, La Vérité sur l'attentat de Marseille, Grandes Conférences des Ambassadeurs, 1934
  • Simon Sabiani, Colère du peuple, Les Œuvres Françaises, 1936 (préface de Jacques Doriot)

Further reading

[edit]
  • Jean-Baptiste Nicolaï, Simon Sabiani, un chef à Marseille, 1919-1944, Olivier Orban, 1991
  • Paul Jankowski, Communism and Collaboration. Simon Sabiani and Politics in Marseille (1919–1944), New Haven-Londres, Yale University Press, 1989.
  • Jean-Baptiste Emmanuelli, Et J'ai Cassé Mon Fusil, Robert Laffont

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Simon Sabiani (1888-1956)". Bibliothèque nationale de France. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Simon, Pierre Sabiani". National Assembly. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  3. ^ a b Marie-Helene Porri, De Mémé à Jean-Noël Guérini, Mon Petit Editeur, 2012, p. 15
  4. ^ Die Mafia in Frankreich Archived 2018-12-15 at the Wayback Machine. 7 February 2015, Prisma, retrieved 26 June 2017
  5. ^ Mary Dewhurst Lewis The Boundaries of the Republic: Migrant Rights and the Limits of Universalism in France, 1918-1940, Stanford University Press, 2007, p. 96 [1]
  6. ^ "Six Hurt When French Factions Demonstrate". The Decatur Daily Review. Decatur, Illinois. July 5, 1936. p. 4. Retrieved November 27, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "Six Frenchmen Hurt in Political Fights". The Pantagraph. Bloomington, Illinois. July 5, 1936. p. 13. Retrieved November 27, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ "Two Pro-Nazis Arrested In France". Santa Cruz Sentinel. August 5, 1942. p. 8. Retrieved November 27, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ a b Parris, John A. (June 18, 1944). "Laval Marked for Execution By French Underground Force". Oakland Tribune. Oakland, California. p. 3. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  10. ^ Newman, Larry (August 28, 1944). "Traitors Are Being Seized At Marseille". New Castle News. New Castle, Pennsylvania. p. 12. Retrieved November 28, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
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